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1
Harris, Neil, Alan Hooper, and Kevin Bishop. "Constructing the Practice of ‘Spatial Planning’: A National Spatial Planning Framework for Wales." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 20, no. 4 (August 2002): 555–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c17m.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The National Assembly for Wales is engaged in the preparation of a national spatial planning framework to provide a context for sustainable development and environmental quality. This paper reports on research undertaken for the Assembly on the preparation of the spatial planning framework and identifies the initial stages in that process. The research itself draws upon a study of policy documents relevant to Wales, a comparative review of strategic spatial planning practices in the United Kingdom and mainland Europe, and the identification of the expectations of stakeholders for the framework. The paper illustrates how the concept of ‘spatial planning’ is being addressed and defined in the process of preparing the framework. The material provides an interesting insight into the emergent practice of spatial planning in the United Kingdom through a case study of Wales with wider relevance for spatial planning activity in Europe.
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PROSKURNOVA, Kseniya Yu. "Spatial planning vs territorial planning – Areas of concern of the content of regional planning types." Regional Economics: Theory and Practice 19, no. 10 (October 15, 2021): 1897–914. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/re.19.10.1897.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Subject. This article discusses the issues of creating a planning system to improve the efficiency of cooperation between planning entities. Objectives. The article aims to study the features of application and specific characteristics of spatial and territorial planning. Methods. For the study, I used a comparative analysis. Results. The article finds that interpretations of the concepts of spatial and territorial planning used in Russian and foreign practice and research differ. Some authors confuse the two types of planning and use the relevant terms as synonyms, others distinguish the use of these types of planning in practice. Conclusions. The article concludes that spatial planning in comparison with territorial one, includes a larger number of elements. Spatial planning can form the basis to create a system of cooperation between neighboring regions.
3
Santos, Ana, and Ana Virtudes. "Spatial Planning System: A Comparative Analysis East-Timor/Portugal." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 609 (December 16, 2020): 012097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/609/1/012097.
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McArthur, Jenny. "Comparative infrastructural modalities: Examining spatial strategies for Melbourne, Auckland and Vancouver." Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 36, no. 5 (April 11, 2018): 816–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399654418767428.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Infrastructure systems are critical to support sustainable and equitable urbanisation, and infrastructure is becoming more prominent within urban spatial strategies. However, the fragmented governance and delivery of spatial plans and infrastructure projects create a challenging environment to embed planning goals across the planning, delivery and operation of infrastructure systems. There is significant uncertainty around future needs and the complex ways that infrastructures influence socio-spatial relations and political-economic processes. Additionally, fragmented knowledge of infrastructure across different disciplines undermines the development of robust planning strategies. Comparative analysis of strategic spatial plans from Auckland, Melbourne and Vancouver examines how infrastructures are instrumentalised to support planning goals. Across the three cases, the analysis identified four common infrastructural modalities: rescaling socio-spatial relations through targeted intensification, intra-urban mobility upgrades and containment boundaries; re-localising socio-spatial relations to the suburban scale with ‘complete communities’; protection of ‘gateway’ precincts; and local planning provisions to support housing affordability. By examining infrastructure through a theoretical framework for suburban infrastructures, this analysis revealed how infrastructures exert agency as artefacts shaping socio-spatial relations and through the internalisation of political-economic processes. Each modality mobilised infrastructure to support goals of global competitiveness, economic growth and ‘liveability’. Findings suggest that spatial strategies should take a user-focused approach to infrastructure to meet the needs of diverse urban populations, and engage directly with the modes of infrastructure project delivery to embed planning goals across design, delivery and operations stages. Stronger institutional mandates to control land-use and provide affordable housing would improve outcomes in these city-regions.
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Ezmale, Sandra. "SPATIAL PLANNING AND PRACTICE IN LATVIA." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 6 (May 25, 2018): 176–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2018vol1.3102.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The current system of territorial planning in Latvia has been formed after regaining its independence in 1991. The European Union has had a great impact on the development of the concept and practice of spatial planning throughout the entire Europe and in each of the Member States, including Latvia. The common planning activities and initiatives at the European level had influenced planning practice in all the Member States. The aim of the research is to describe the development of the spatial planning system, as well as the features of planning practice in Latvia in the context of spatial planning activities at the European Union level. During the research, the author describes the development of the spatial planning concept, the typology and system of spatial planning in the European Union. Additionally, the author characterises the development of the legal framework for and practice in the spatial planning system of Latvia, as well as identifies the features of the Latvian spatial planning system and practice in the context of spatial planning activities at the European Union level. Research methods – content analysis, deductive and inductive methods, theoretical analysis of scientific literature, EU and Latvian legislation analysis, comparative analysis, etc.
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Verweij, Stefan, and Elen-Maarja Trell. "Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) in Spatial Planning Research and Related Disciplines: A Systematic Literature Review of Applications." Journal of Planning Literature 34, no. 3 (April 11, 2019): 300–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885412219841490.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) is a potentially interesting method for spatial planning researchers. Although increasingly used, its application in spatial planning research is lagging behind other disciplines. We conducted a systematic literature review of QCA applications in spatial planning and related disciplines (SPARD), addressing two questions: when, where, and how is QCA used in SPARD and what are the main advantages of QCA for spatial planning research? We found that the main reasons why QCA is used in SPARD are its sensitivity to context, its ability to use small-/medium- n cases, and its attention to causal complexity.
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Auziņš. "Capitalising on the European Research Outcome for Improved Spatial Planning Practices and Territorial Governance." Land 8, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land8110163.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
If distinguishing between spatial planning systems and practices, the latter reflect on the continuity and perspective of planning cultures and are concerned with the values, attitudes, mindsets and routines shared by those taking part in concrete planning processes. Some recent studies demonstrated comparative assessment of European spatial planning. Thus, the coexistence of continuity and change, as well as convergence and divergence concerning planning practices, was delineated. Moreover, the trends and directions in the evolution of spatial planning and territorial governance were explored when focusing on linkages between diverse national planning perspectives and EU policies. The relevant outcome of European projects met their visionary statements in general and are towards the inspiration of policymaking by territorial evidence. However, it showed a highly differential landscape for territorial governance and spatial planning across Europe in terms of terminology, concepts, tools and practices. Therefore, the paper focuses on how the most relevant outcome of European research may initiate a reasonable in-depth study of concrete planning practices and substantiate an effective planning approach. Mainly based on critical literature review and comparative analysis and synthesis techniques, the overviewed key research results led (1) to agenda-setting for comprehensive evidence gathering (CEG) if exploring spatial planning practices and territorial governance in selected European countries, and (2) to a set of objectives for a values-led planning (VLP) approach to be introduced for improvement of land use management.
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Walsh, Cormac, and Simone Allin. "TOWARDS A COMPARATIVE UNDERSTANDING OF STRATEGIC SPATIAL PLANNING PRACTICES IN EUROPE." Regions Magazine 284, no. 1 (December 2011): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13673882.2011.9721726.
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Ledda, Antonio, Marta Kubacka, Giovanna Calia, Sylwia Bródka, Vittorio Serra, and Andrea De Montis. "Italy vs. Poland: A Comparative Analysis of Regional Planning System Attitudes toward Adaptation to Climate Changes and Green Infrastructures." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (January 31, 2023): 2536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032536.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
European spatial planners deal with two major concerns: adaptation to climate changes (ACC) and the design and management of green infrastructures (GIs). ACC calls for the renewal of spatial planning with constant appeals to the need to adequately prepare for extreme climate events. GIs deliver ecosystem services (ES), which consist of beneficial functions to living beings in terms of, for example, helping people adapt to climate change. An effective implementation of adaptation measures at the regional and sub-regional scale is based on an efficient and prompt spatial planning system and GIs management. In this paper, we aim at comparing the attitudes of Italian and Polish spatial planning systems with respect to the integration of concepts related to ACC and GIs. We describe commonalities and differences between the two spatial planning frameworks by scrutinizing regional plans adopted in Sardinia (Italy) and Wielkopolska (Poland). We found out a scarce consideration of both ACC and GIs planning and management. The findings suggest that the regional spatial planning tools need to be updated to be fully satisfactory in terms of ACC and GIs concepts.
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Thomas, Huw, Menno-Jan Kraak, and Hugh Clout. "Reviews: Urban Complexity and Spatial Strategies: Towards a Relational Planning for Our Times, The Visual Language of Spatial Planning: Exploring Cartographic Representations for Spatial Planning in Europe, Spatial Planning Systems of Britain and France: A Comparative Analysis." Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 34, no. 6 (December 2007): 1125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/b3406rvw.
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Sulastuti, Sri, Rifka Yudhi, and Shandi Patria Airlangga. "Lampung Province Spatial Planning Convergence to Labor Absorption." Fiat Justisia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 16, no. 4 (December 28, 2022): 377–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/fiatjustisia.v16no4.2828.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The choice of Bali as the location for the G20 Summit is inseparable from its reputation and experience in organizing international events, which cannot simply be separated from the tourism aspect. On the other hand, Lampung has not been chosen as one of the locations for a series of activities for the G20 Presidency, which is certainly a big question mark, considering its strategic location at the tip of Sumatra Island, the spread of various tourist objects. This article focuses on the discussion of how the spatial planning convergence of the Lampung tourism sector affects employment. This study uses a normative approach and comparative-descriptive analysis. This article concludes that the tourism industry cannot be an economic sector with a single identity because tourism has a multidisciplinary character, so the spatial planning policy directions for Lampung Province, especially in the tourism sector, need to be adapted to the multidisciplinary character of tourism, namely by involving many parties including the private sector, banking, and especially Forkopimda Lampung Province.
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Nelson, Peter B. "Spatial and temporal scale in comparative approaches to rural gentrification." Dialogues in Human Geography 8, no. 1 (February 26, 2018): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2043820617752006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Phillips and Smith extend debates about comparative epistemologies onto both the process and concept of rural gentrification. In doing so, they illustrate the forms of comparative research, their various critiques and limitations, and the different ways comparative strategies can illuminate new understandings of rural gentrification. Their opening dialogue connects the field of rural geography more directly with theoretical conversations taking place largely in the realm of urban geography, and I find their explication of the various comparative strategies useful in thinking about the ways in which one might approach comparative research. I, however, also find their discussion of comparison somewhat “flat” in the sense that they emphasize comparison between places (north vs. south, urban vs. rural, etc.). Comparison between places is certainly one approach that can generate new understandings of a spatial phenomenon, but comparison across scales—both spatial and temporal—also has the potential to reveal new ways in which the movement of people, capital, and ideas produce and reproduce contemporary landscapes.
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Xu, Lihua, Huifeng Xu, Tianyu Wang, Wenze Yue, Jinyang Deng, and Liwei Mao. "Measuring Urban Spatial Activity Structures: A Comparative Analysis." Sustainability 11, no. 24 (December 11, 2019): 7085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247085.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Human activity recognition has been of interest in the field of urban planning. This paper established a general framework by which expected human activity intensity (HAI) measured by the built environment and factual HAI measured by the Baidu thermal chart were estimated and comparatively analyzed so as to identify abnormal human activities in Hanghzou, China. Three elements of the built environment (i.e., residential density, road connectivity, and land-use mixing degree) from multi-source data with high precision are selected to assess the expected HAI. Results indicate Hangzhou has evolved into a polycentric city with three urban clusters. In addition, a significant positive correlation exists between the two types of HAIs. However, there are areas with spatial mismatches, particularly in the “urban village” and new towns, suggesting human activities are not equally distributed all over the city. Research implications, limitations, and future research needs are discussed.
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Auzins, Armands, and Uchendu Eugene Chigbu. "Values-Led Planning Approach in Spatial Development: A Methodology." Land 10, no. 5 (April 26, 2021): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10050461.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The scope of land management, which includes spatial planning as an activity in the public domain, demands that a planning process that is based on publicly or societally acceptable values is a matter of necessity. This study proposes a methodology for introducing a values-led planning (VLP) approach in spatial development. The motivation of the study is to promote the embrace of assessed values in planning. The study draws from issues evoked in various topical studies on European comparative perspectives. By way of argumentation, the study makes three relevant contributions to the literature and spatial planning and development practice. First, it presents and discusses the essential elements required in the design of methodology. In this way, it figuratively depicts VLP as a consequence of interactions between four key elements of spatial planning. Second, it proposes an actual methodology for action. Third, it discusses the applicability of the methodology. The proposed methodology would be useful for planners, including public authorities, land managers, and community leaders, who make socio-spatial decisions in land management and related activities.
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Mishra, Ankit. "The Process of Informal Spatial Planning: A Literature Overview." Baltic Journal of Real Estate Economics and Construction Management 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 216–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjreecm-2019-0013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract For years now, spatial planners have played a vital role in managing and balancing the different interests of a wide range of stakeholders in a specific region. With the help of formal and informal instruments, the design of spatial plans is created, but sometimes there are either flaws or gaps in the plans by which the stakeholders would have benefitted. It is important to witness the changes being made in the pattern of planning and analyse the suggestions being made by the intellectual involved. In this article, existing scientific literature has been reviewed, as well as dynamic and comparative analysis and synthesis techniques have mainly been employed for the study. The aim of this article is to study the spatial planning practices in Europe and analyse the governance in spatial planning, which as a result shows different planning modes. With the help of literature, formulating the characteristics of informal planning is an eccentric part of this analysis to understand the direction of development in formal institutions. Test planning process is analysed using the ten characteristics of informal formal planning. From the best practice perspective, decision making in spatial planning must be decentralised, and the tools of spatial planning must be less binding, which has been broadly practiced in Switzerland. The outcome of the research will help avoid floccinaucinihilipilification in spatial planning.
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MULYA, SETYARDI PRATIKA, ERNAN RUSTIADI, ANDREA EMMA PRAVITASARI, VELY BRIAN ROSANDI, and RIZQI IANATUS SHOLIHAH. "TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: EVALUATION OF SPATIAL PLANNING REGENCY/MUNICIPALITY IN WEST JAVA PROVINCE, INDONESIA." JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT 17, no. 10 (October 31, 2022): 34–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.46754/jssm.2022.10.004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Spatial planning performance indicators are related to sustainability. This approach combines quantitative and qualitative data to see the sustainability of regional spatial planning based on land and policies. This study aims to: (1) Analysis of the sustainable development index (IPB) and (2) Analysis of causal conditions of spatial planning performance assessment per regencies/municipalities based on IPB. The approach used is IPB, geographic information system, multi-value qualitative comparative analysis and literature study. The highest score of IPB is Bandung Municipality. The income per capita, education and welfare of the Municipality of Bandung are higher than in other regions. Considering the distribution of IPB scores and their constituent variables, subsequent analysis shows the need to differentiate between regencies and municipalities. Regional sustainability in this regency offers high compatibility between spatial planning policies and forest area status policies have extensive vegetation cover and small land-use diversity. Whereas in urban areas, it shows the opposite. This article can answer the sustainability of spatial planning policies and differentiate between regencies and municipalities—the use of mvQCA is a new approach to spatial planning evaluation.
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Stefanovic, Nebojsa, Natasa Danilovic-Hristic, and Sasa Milijic. "The implementation model of planning rules in spatial plans." Spatium, no. 33 (2015): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat1533062s.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The implementation of spatial plans in past practice in Serbia was the weakest link of planning - theoretically insufficiently studied, methodologically vague and non-positioned, and only formally and partially carried out in practice. There is a general agreement that implementation should be perceived and oriented through spatial plans, in order to maximize the effect on other factors beyond the planning system. For that reason it is necessary to define theoretically the model of implementation for the spatial plan, the elements and contents of which reflect the logical, functional and time coherence of all planning decisions. Since there are several different methods and objects of planning, this paper has singled out four basic models and presents the results of the research (comparative analyses) into the role of application in the planning practice in Serbia using the example of a model of implementation for planning rules. An evaluated and studied model of implementation was applied in spatial plans for areas of special purpose and spatial plans of the local government units. This paper provides recommendations for further application of the model in the planning practice in Serbia.
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Gorzym-Wilkowski, Waldemar A., and Karolina Trykacz. "Public Interest in Spatial Planning Systems in Poland and Portugal." Land 11, no. 1 (January 4, 2022): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11010073.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As the level of development increases, spatial planning is becoming more significant among public management tools. Although the issue of spatial planning and its mechanisms has been repeatedly investigated in the literature, the issue of clashing of interests of different actors remains to be examined. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the enforcement mechanisms of the public interest in the spatial planning systems of Poland and Portugal. The analysis was based on a comparative analysis of the legal basis of the spatial planning systems of the countries. The research confirmed the hypothesis that even with some sociocultural and economic similarities, different countries do not have to create similar mechanisms for the realisation of the public interest in spatial planning processes. The specific solutions adopted in Poland and Portugal differ so much that the enforcement of the public interest proceeds with very few similarities. The integrated Portuguese planning system, with its hierarchical elements, facilitates the achievement of the objectives of public entities. On the other hand, the Polish system, with the dominant position of the municipality, pushes great possibilities of influencing the planning by land administrators, and the poor location of spatial planning in all public tasks makes it difficult, and sometimes even impossible, to achieve public goals in space.
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Han, Rui, Daping Liu, Guangjie Zhu, and Linjie Li. "A Comparative Study on Planning Patterns of Industrial Bases in Northeast China Based on Spatial Syntax." Sustainability 14, no. 2 (January 17, 2022): 1041. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14021041.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
After World War II, unprecedented and positive industrialization and urban construction were launched in lots of developing countries all over the world. Meanwhile, more and more far-reaching planning theories and technological achievements emerged. In this study, we combed the development process of the industrial base planning pattern created by the Soviet Union in the 1950s, summarized its main theoretical and technical contents and its transfer to Northeast China, and revealed the absorption and innovation of this planning pattern in three import industrial cities built in the 1950s in Northeast China. Based on the spatial syntax theory and technology, the practice of three representative industrial bases’ planning patterns was deeply analyzed. A comparative study on the theoretical and technical fit planning level among the three bases was implemented from the two aspects of the extension of different functional spatial modules and the connection and accessibility of the road axis. It was finally found that the planning pattern of the new industrial base of a single plant had more advantages of functional support and road accessibility in spatial morphology. The conclusion of this study not only generated great historical value for combing the history of contemporary industrial urban planning in China but is also a significant reference for the sustainable development of the industrial cities in Northeast China.
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Arslan, Ayça, and Türkan Ulusu Uraz. "‘Small House Spatiality: A Comparative Space Syntax Application’." Open House International 42, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-02-2017-b0009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It has recently come to light that there is an increasing demand for a new type of small house design, which vary in area from 20 square metres to 100 square metres and even more. Being remarkably different from traditional types of spatial organizations, the new house types present an open plan concept with a highly flexible and adaptable spatial arrangement that exhibit diverse functional spaces within one open, integrated space. In light of this, the main aim of this study is to reveal the new dynamics of spatial organization found in today's small house types and identify the significant changes in the contemporary design approaches to small house layouts which have evolved from a need for minimized space usage and a requirement for diverse living spatiality. Subsequently, thirty houses have been chosen to be analysed for the purpose of this study to reveal the differences between integrated and segregated spatial organizations in regard to flexibility, adaptability, transformability and permeability within the spaces. In addition to this, the new spatial relations will be overviewed considering spatial depth, interpenetration and density to define more implicit organizations which are able to expand constantly and accommodate different functional spaces in one open space with the help of spatial identifiers. The main focus of this research study concentrates on the above mentioned dynamic forms of spatiality that change from being weak to strong, implicit to explicit and indistinct to clearly defined spaces. These forms are measured, analysed and basically compare by means of a space syntax application on the values of the space and convex maps of the thirty selected houses. In summary, the analysis and measurement of the spatial characteristics of contemporary small houses in this sphere include both theoretical and empirical components. Firstly, the study discusses the basic definitions of spatial relations and organizations. Secondly, the space syntax method was used to test and compare new spatial design approaches by means of the Mean Depth, Mean Integration, Basic Difference Factor and Space Link Ratio values mainly to clarify how the spatiality changes according to the size although the plan type stays the same as 1+1.
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Halleux, Jean-Marie, Berit Irene Nordahl, and Małgorzata Barbara Havel. "Spatial Efficiency and Socioeconomic Efficiency in Urban Land Policy and Value Capturing: Two Sides of the Same Coin?" Sustainability 14, no. 21 (October 27, 2022): 13987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142113987.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Land policies are commonly used to contribute to the implementation of the public policy of land-use planning (or spatial planning). In this sense, a spatially efficient land policy must allow the planning systems to achieve the land uses promoted by strategic planning. In addition to their role in land-use planning, land policies also contribute to public finance policies. From this perspective, a socioeconomically efficient land policy must allow public authorities to capture land value. The research presented in this article aimed to contribute to planning theory by initiating a reflection on the interactions between spatial and socioeconomic efficiency in land policy. In our view, to consider those two dimensions in a more integrated way can help in the development of the growing research field on land value capture. Our research is based on the general assumption that there are processes of mutual strengthening and blockages between spatial efficiency and socioeconomic efficiency in land policy. In order to test this assumption, an international comparison methodology was developed. In order to develop a robust methodological approach, our exploratory comparative approach is based on a theoretical framework that depicts an ideal planning system. This ideal planning system serves as a benchmark for two empirical case studies on Norway and Belgium. Through our research, we find evidence of the interdependency of spatial efficiency and socioeconomic efficiency. The results of the two case studies therefore indicate that our initial assumption is generally confirmed. However further investigations are needed to deepen our exploratory discussion of the topic.
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Van Assche, Kristof, Raoul Beunen, and Stefan Verweij. "Learning from Other Places and Their Plans: Comparative Learning in and for Planning Systems." Urban Planning 5, no. 1 (March 6, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v5i1.2938.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this thematic issue we pursue the idea that comparative studies of planning systems are utterly useful for gaining a deeper understanding of learning processes and learning capacity in spatial planning systems. In contemporary planning systems the pressures towards learning and continuous self-transformation are high. On the one hand more and more planning is needed in terms of integration of expertise, policy, local knowledge, and response to long term environmental challenges, while on the other hand the value of planning systems is increasingly questioned and many places witness an erosion of planning institutions. The issue brings together a diversity of contributions that explore different forms of comparative learning and their value for any attempt at reorganization, adaptation and improvement of planning systems.
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Stefanovic, Nebojsa, Natasa Danilovic-Hristic, and Nikola Krunic. "Comparative analysis of elements and models of implementation in local-level spatial plans in Serbia." Spatium, no. 37 (2017): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat1737058s.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Implementation of local-level spatial plans is of paramount importance to the development of the local community. This paper aims to demonstrate the importance of and offer further directions for research into the implementation of spatial plans by presenting the results of a study on models of implementation. The paper describes the basic theoretical postulates of a model for implementing spatial plans. A comparative analysis of the application of elements and models of implementation of plans in practice was conducted based on the spatial plans for the local municipalities of Arilje, Lazarevac and Sremska Mitrovica. The analysis includes four models of implementation: the strategy and policy of spatial development; spatial protection; the implementation of planning solutions of a technical nature; and the implementation of rules of use, arrangement and construction of spaces. The main results of the analysis are presented and used to give recommendations for improving the elements and models of implementation. Final deliberations show that models of implementation are generally used in practice and combined in spatial plans. Based on the analysis of how models of implementation are applied in practice, a general conclusion concerning the complex character of the local level of planning is presented and elaborated.
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Ezmale, Sandra. "EDUCATING OF COMMUNITY TO CORRDINATE INETRESTS IN SPATIAL PLANNING." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 6 (May 20, 2020): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2020vol6.4871.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The main obstacles of low effectiveness of public participation in the development process of spatial planning documents in Latvia are the lack of confidence of the population in the effectiveness of public participation, the lack of adequate competence and skills of local authorities for involvement of different interest groups, insufficient understanding of society about the coordination the interests of individuals with spatial development aims in different planning levels, as well as with the aims of sustainable development of local government territory. There are a variety of informal measures and methods which the municipality can use to raise the level of public knowledge and awareness about spatial planning to achieve the best outcomes from both the public interest and sustainable development perspective. These measures help a more active involvement and effectiveness of participation of community in the spatial planning process. The purpose of the study is to describe the problems of coordination of different interests, insufficient public participation, as well as to identify the educational opportunities for the matching the different interests in spatial development planning process in Latvia. The following tasks were identified in order to achieve the objective of the study: (1) to justify the needs for the coordination of interests in the spatial planning process; (2) to identify the main problems of public involvement and educational opportunities for the coordination of the interests. Methods used - content analysis, document analysis, deductive and inductive method, comparative analysis.
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Eshkol, Batel, and Alon Eshkol. "Participatory planning in Israel: from theory to practice." Journal of Place Management and Development 10, no. 3 (August 14, 2017): 213–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmd-07-2016-0042.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose This paper aims to investigate the gap between the declarations regarding participatory planning and its actual implementation in practice within the Israeli spatial planning context. Design/methodology/approach The paper explores the gap between theory of participatory spatial planning and its implementation in practice by a comparative analysis of three participatory case studies in the Israeli planning context. The data collected to analyze the case studies is secondary data, including previous research on the three case studies and their re-evaluation on the basis of indicators for participation. Findings Participatory spatial planning processes are not often implemented in the Israeli context, as they are not required by law. All the three case studies explored in this paper deal with local spatial plans at the neighborhood level, but each expresses a very different participation mode: one is a national, government-led program; the second is a residents-led opposition to a municipal plan; and the third is a third-sector initiative offering an alternative plan to an existing one. The findings suggest that there is a correlation between the initiating body, its commitment to participation and the level of success of the participatory process. Research limitations/implications This paper focuses on three specific participatory spatial planning projects in Israel. Further exploration of additional participatory projects may prove useful to verify or refute the conclusions reached in this paper. Originality/value There is very little exploration and evaluation of participatory spatial planning processes in Israel. This paper provides a valuable, although limited, analysis, linking participatory planning theory to practice within the Israeli context.
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Sawicka, Anna. "Marketing Approaches in Planning of the Compact City." Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i Prognozy 15, no. 2 (December 19, 2017): 115–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.56583/br.442.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper presents an attempt at assessment of marketing values of the structure of the compact city in the context of current tendencies in the development of cities and self-governmental activities. Inward urban development involves the accumulation of many urban factors and possibilities of solving the existing spatial problems. The objective is to search for complex urban planning solutions permitting the coexistence of common benefits. The features of the functional spatial structure of a compact city were analyzed in terms of the marketing value of urban space. The objective of the article is to verify the potential marketing value of the compact city, i.e. its offer. The comparative analysis of the definition, targets, attributes, tools, and products of the idea of the compact city and urban marketing leads to the ability of distinguishing potential opportunities in the process of spatial planning and urban design. The result is the countercheck of impact factors on the value of urban space as marketing products, the distinction of potential products at every stage of the planning process, and the attempt to include marketing approaches in urban planning. The research showed that the that evident relations between spatial planning and urban marketing offer possibilities of integration of both areas and achievement of quantifiable advantages.
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Hein, Carola, and Yvonne Van Mil. "Mapping as Gap-Finder: Geddes, Tyrwhitt, and the Comparative Spatial Analysis of Port City Regions." Urban Planning 5, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 152–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v5i2.2803.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Politicians, planners, and mapmakers have long used mapping to depict selected spaces, to document natural and humanmade changes within them, and to identify spaces where planning intervention is needed or can be helpful. Recent innovations involving big data, GIS-based research and digital datasets offer opportunities for maps and mapping that can lead to a better understanding of the interrelation of spatial, social, and cultural elements over time and to facilitate planning. A close analysis of the historic transformation of the built environment (such as land use, land ownership, infrastructures), the development of institutional structures (municipal boundaries) and the narrative that accompanies them (as embedded in maps and plans) through historical geo-spatial mapping can facilitate the identification of ‘gaps,’ where spatial, institutional, or cultural opportunities and challenges exist and where planning can be useful. Such an understanding can provide novel insights into the conditions and complexity of multiple transitions (energy, digital, technological) and provide a better foundation for future design. Our use of geo-spatial mapping to identify ‘gaps’ builds upon the work of Patrick Geddes and Jacqueline Tyrwhitt, who promoted the concept of survey-before-plan. As Tyrwhitt argued in 1950, the consistent overlaying of information can help us see patterns and outliers and derive meaning from huge, complex territories and large amounts of data (Tyrwhitt, 1950b). We can then better identify planning opportunities. Following an analysis of mapping as an analytical tool, we explore questions of sources, time, representation, and scale in the use of mapping at a time of increased availability of data. This article represents an initial effort to analyze the role of mapping as a tool of understanding, communicating, and ultimately planning through the lens of port city regions and their development over time. As a first step, it proposes conducting observations of historical geospatial mapping in port city regions in Europe: the Nieuwe Waterweg in the Netherlands, the Thames in the UK, and the Elbe in Germany. Probing the challenges and opportunities presented by historical sources, questions of representation and scale and data layers, the article concludes by proposing historical geo-spatial maps and mapping as a tool of display and comparative research and as a ‘gap finder.’
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Oranje, Mark. "Post-Apartheid National Spatial Development Planning in South Africa – A Brief History." European Spatial Research and Policy 17, no. 2 (November 19, 2010): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s10105-010-0010-8.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Since coming to power in 1994 successive ANC-governments have engaged in a series of attempts at national spatial development planning in South Africa. These engagements have received scant treatment in the planning literature. In this paper a broad overview of these initiatives is provided, with an emphasis on the different instruments; the context in which they were developed; the institutions that were proposed and/or created in support of the instruments; and the extent to which the instruments were implemented and what their levels of success were. The paper concludes with a call for comparative research, including South Africa, in this arena.
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Rohiani, Agustina. "Perencanaan Penataan Ruang Desa Berbasis Potensi Desa sebagai Kendali Pembangunan Desa yang Terarah dan Berkelanjutan." Journal of Regional and Rural Development Planning 5, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jp2wd.2021.5.1.15-27.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
West Java province is currently active conducting development in rural areas in order to improve the welfare of its community through the improvement of IDM (Indeks Desa Membangun/Village Index Development). In general, village development has not been based on village spatial plan, resulting it less optimal and not synergized with Regency’s Mid-term Development Plan (RPJMD Kabupaten). Therefore, each village government shall first conduct village spatial planning as the basis for preparation of Village Mid-term Development Plan (RPJM Desa), in order to understand its potentials and development plans that exist in its area and realize the importance of village spatial planning. This research uses qualitative and comparative descriptive methods. The existence of the Village Spatial Plan (RTRW Desa) enables village development to become more synergistic, directed, and sustainable, suppresses conflict of interests, controls the use of space in village area to remain in accordance with its function and designation, hence the level of environmental damage can be minimized. Village spatial planning is new to village governments and no guidelines exist yet. Thus, the central or local government shall prepare guidelines for village spatial planning and conduct socialization and education.
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Kim, Young Ook, Joo Young Kim, Ha Yoon Yum, and Jin Kyoung Lee. "A Study on Mega-Shelter Layout Planning Based on User Behavior." Buildings 12, no. 10 (October 8, 2022): 1630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12101630.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We explore the spatial layouts of mega-shelters and suggest better spatial planning strategies. A mega-shelter for refugees contains multiple functions, such as dormitory, dining, medical, kitchen, storage, and community areas. Post-disaster refugees often suffer from PTSD that affects their mental health and spatial cognitive ability. The spatial configuration of a mega-shelter can accelerate their recovery by providing an environment that not only satisfies the basic needs, but one that can improve their spatial cognitive ability and promote a sense of community in this new, albeit temporary, small society. Four mega-shelters in the U.S., Australia, and Japan were analyzed using space syntax methods, specifically axial line analysis and visibility graph analysis (VGA), as well as justified graph analysis. The comparative analysis shows that while specific spatial layouts are different, all shelters were designed from a manager’s perspective. The movements of the refugees were sometimes unnecessarily exposed to supervision and control, and community areas were often found in locations with low accessibility. By incorporating strategies such as siting community space in areas with high global integration values and adopting transition areas, mega-shelters can create an environment that can enhance the refugees’ will to recover and rebuild by promoting communications with neighbors and various community activities.
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Walsh, Cormac, and Simone Allin. "Strategic Spatial Planning: Responding to Diverse Territorial Development Challenges: Towards an Inductive Comparative Approach." International Planning Studies 17, no. 4 (November 2012): 377–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13563475.2012.726852.
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Ežmale, Sandra. "INVESTIGATION OF THE INTERCONNECTION BETWEEN THE QUALITY OF DEVELOPMENT PLANNING DOCUMENTS AND TERRITORY DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS IN LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENTS OF LATGALE REGION." Latgale National Economy Research 1, no. 3 (June 23, 2011): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/lner2011vol1.3.1805.
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Using Latgale region as a case study, this paper explores the influence of the quality of spatial planning to territorial development. The paper analyses measurement of quality of development planning document and interrelationship between quality of development planning documents and indicators of territorial development. Research object – influence of development planning of Latgale region on territorial development.Research subject – quality of development planning documents of Latgale local municipalities in the context of territorial development.Research methods – deductive and inductive methods, comparative analysis, correlation analysis, etc.
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Costa, Eduarda, and Ideni Antonello. "Avaliação das Políticas de Ordenamento do Território: uma análise comparativa aplicada entre Portugal e o Brasil." Sociedade & Natureza 30, no. 1 (2018): 29–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/sn-v30n1-2018-2.
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Gralepois, Mathilde. "What Can We Learn from Planning Instruments in Flood Prevention? Comparative Illustration to Highlight the Challenges of Governance in Europe." Water 12, no. 6 (June 26, 2020): 1841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061841.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Studying the selection of planning instruments in flood prevention can be critical to gain a better understanding of governance. This choice is underestimated in the flood management literature. This paper fills a knowledge gap in flood management governance by examining the rationales for the choice of instruments. The study is grounded on a comparative illustration of planning instruments in flood prevention in three European countries: England, France and the Netherlands. Flood prevention through spatial planning is a specific example, as the implementation of the Floods Directive has reactivated the role of spatial planning in urban agglomerations. The choice of instruments is never neutral. In the field of flood management, alignment among strategies is supposed to lead to resilience. Instruments should be aligned and coherent. Is that the case? The article explains the challenges of governance configured by a conflict between the spatial planning policy steered by local authorities and the risk prevention policy led by national authorities. This model is further complicated by the tension between the preference for legal, technical or scientific instruments, and the difference in professional culture between planning and prevention. The selection of instrument shows that if their conflicts are exacerbated to debates on variables or parameters, it is because there is no political agreement on the balance between development and security.
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Milijic, Sasa, Srdjan Micic, and Marija Maksin. "Retrospective of and prospects for the development and strategic planning of tourism in the mountain regions of Serbia." Spatium, no. 37 (2017): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat1737042m.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Following on from previous research, this paper provides a comparative retrospective overview of trends in the development of mountain tourism destinations (MTDs) in European countries and their influence on MTD development in Serbia. The prospects for developing tourism in the mountain regions of Serbia follow the European trends and experiences in sustainable MTD development. These trends and experiences should be selectively implemented and adapted to the social and economic conditions, the characteristics of Serbian mountain regions and the effects on the local and regional spatial development. The paper gives a critical view of the role of strategic planning in developing tourism in Serbian mountain regions. The problems that have influenced the prevailing uncontrolled development of MTDs, the marginalization of the role of strategic planning and the limited implementation of spatial planning in their development have been identified. The possibilities for achieving the coordinating role of spatial planning in strategic planning were assessed for the National Park and MTD Kopaonik. In this case the harmonization of the various sectoral plans and programs, the multisectoral coordination of development entities in the public sector, participation in the planning process and partnerships in decision making and implementation have been achieved in the process of spatial planning, and this should be implemented for other MTDs and improved in the future.
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Yin, Chengzhi, Jianhua Xiao, and Tianqi Zhang. "Effectiveness of Chinese Regulatory Planning in Mitigating and Adapting to Climate Change: Comparative Analysis Based on Q Methodology." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (August 30, 2021): 9701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179701.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With cities considered the main source of carbon emissions, urban planning could mitigate and help adapt to climate change, given the allocation and regulation of public policies of urban spatial resources. China’s regulatory planning remains the basis for building permission in the original urban and rural planning, and the new territorial spatial planning systems, determining the quality of urban plan implementation. Comprehensive regulatory plans effectively reduce carbon emissions. This study employs Q methodology to compare and analyze urban planners’ and practitioners’ perceptions of China’s regulatory planning in climate change mitigation and adaptation. The findings show that while regulatory planning is key, potential deficiencies include the gaps between regulatory from master plans, capacity shortages of designations and indicators, and unequal rights and responsibilities of local governments. However, mandatory indicators in regulatory planning, especially “greening rate,” “building density,” “land use type,” and “application of renewable energy technologies to the development of municipal infrastructure” could effectively mitigate climate change. “Greening rate” is the core indicator in regulatory planning since it provides empirical evidence for the “green space effect”. This study indicates that local customization of combined regulation of greening rate and green spaces could help mitigate and help China adapt to climate change.
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Zheng, Qixi. "The Evolution and Trend Analysis of Rural Planning Research Hotspots under the Background of Territorial and Spatial Planning." Frontiers Research of Architecture and Engineering 4, no. 1 (May 19, 2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.30564/frae.v4i1.2751.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Under the background of the new round of land and space planning, the research on rural planning in China is undergoing positive changes. Based on the past emphasis on engineering thinking and planning technology, it has entered the field of planning strategy and planning guidance. The extended development trend shows a research trend of intensified integration with public management disciplines and government governance theories. The intervention of government regulation research will provide a solid theoretical guarantee for the rural revitalization strategy that focuses on planning and planning first. In order to study the rural planning hotspots and trends in the context of territorial and spatial planning, using CiteSpace software to map rural areas from the perspectives of the number of articles, authors, publishing organizations, keyword co-occurrence networks, keyword clustering analysis, hotspot evolution, prominent word analysis, etc. The knowledge map was planned and visualized comparative analysis was carried out.
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Fisher-Gewirtzman, Dafna, Michael Burt, and Yigal Tzamir. "A 3-D Visual Method for Comparative Evaluation of Dense Built-up Environments." Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 30, no. 4 (August 2003): 575–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/b2941.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The work reported here is a contribution by the authors to the search for reliable metric method for spatial evaluation, related to human perception of ‘openness’ and to the development of evaluation tools for urban planning and design. A recent innovation, the ‘spatial openness index’ (SOI), a quantitative index, based on a three-dimensional visual analysis of space is applied here. This approach reflects the hierarchical order found in the urban environment: dwelling unit, building, neighbourhood, etc. This index expresses oppenness to natural light, air, and near and distant views, for each level in the hierarchical order. At the basis of this work is the assumption that the SOI is correlated with the ‘perceived density’, evaluated by people responding to alternative spatial configurations. A preliminary indication test was carried out in order to justify this assumption. In this test, groups of spatial configurations with equal built masses were ranked both by their calculated SOI and by statistical analysis of perceived density evaluated by participating individuals. Good agreement was found between pairs of results obtained for most of the spatial configurations.
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Fisher-Gewirtzman, Dafna, and Israel A. Wagner. "Spatial Openness as a Practical Metric for Evaluating Built-up Environments." Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 30, no. 1 (February 2003): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/b12861.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper reports on a primary metric tool developed in a collaboration between an architecture researcher and a computer science researcher. The development of this tool emerged from the concept that the spatial openness (SO)—the volume of free space measured from all possible observation points—is an important quality indicator of alternative spatial configurations within given constraints; this concept is based on the idea that the geometry and morphology of the built-up environment influence perception. Previous work showed that comparative SO measurements in alternative spatial configurations are correlated with the comparative perceived density, and in particular that a higher value of SO indicates a lower perceived density. We present a feasible 3D computational method for measuring SO and demonstrate its potential use in the design process. The SO metric is a step towards the development of quantitative comparative evaluation of building shapes and spatial configurations related to the 3D observation of open space.
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Andrzejewska, Anna Katarzyna. "Challenges of Spatial Planning in Poland in the Context of Global Climate Change—Selected Issues." Buildings 11, no. 12 (November 29, 2021): 596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11120596.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Contemporary spatial planning struggles with many difficulties resulting from, inter alia, ongoing climate change. Ongoing environmental transformations pose many challenges for spatial policy across the entire globe. The aim of this paper is to analyse the effects of climate change on urban spaces in Poland and to answer the question of whether planning practice promotes adaptation to climate change and, if so, to what extent. This paper uses a descriptive and comparative research methodology to interpret planning provisions used in selected local spatial development plans in terms of the arrangements that aim to prevent the negative consequences of climate change. The subject of the analysis is the content of general and detailed plans defined in the texts of the examined resolutions of applicable local plans in the Lower Silesia and Greater Poland voivodeships. This study assessed the validity of applying specific planning provisions. This interpretation was determined on the basis of a review of the current provisions in the Polish law, literature on the subject, as well as the author’s own professional experience in the field of spatial planning. The quantitative and qualitative research results are summarized in a table and also examined and described in detail. Examples of planning records that were used in the analysis of local plans are cited and compared. Finally, the adaptation challenges posed to spatial planning in Poland at the local level (communal) based on the obtained quantitative data on the issues were studied.
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Yankey, Ortis, Prince M. Amegbor, and Marcellinus Essah. "The Effect of Socioeconomic and Environmental Factors on Obesity." International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research 12, no. 4 (October 2021): 58–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijagr.2021100104.
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This paper examined the effect of socio-economic and environmental factors on obesity in Cleveland (Ohio) using an OLS model and three spatial regression models: spatial error model, spatial lag model, and a spatial error model with a spatially lagged response (SEMSLR). Comparative assessment of the models showed that the SEMSLR and the spatial error models were the best models. The spatial effect from the various spatial regression models was statistically significant, indicating an essential spatial interaction among neighboring geographic units and the need to account for spatial dependency in obesity research. The authors also found a statistically significant positive association between the percentage of families below poverty, Black population, and SNAP recipient with obesity rate. The percentage of college-educated had a statistically significant negative association with the obesity rate. The study shows that health outcomes such as obesity are not randomly distributed but are more clustered in deprived and marginalized neighborhoods.
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Zaleckis, Kestutis, Szymon Chmielewski, Jūratė Kamičaitytė, Indre Grazuleviciute-Vileniske, and Halina Lipińska. "Walkability Compass—A Space Syntax Solution for Comparative Studies." Sustainability 14, no. 4 (February 11, 2022): 2033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14042033.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The ongoing discourse on air quality and climate changes positions walkability as a pivotal point of sustainable urban planning. Urban studies examine a city’s walkability in terms of pedestrian flows, design qualities, and street network topology, leaving walkability comparative frameworks under development. Building on the space syntax theory, this research introduces a “walkability compass”, a four spatial indicator-designed tool for city walkability assessment and comparison. The tools are being tested on eight Baltic region cities: Vilnius, Kaunas (LT), Malmö (SE), Riga (LV), Tallinn (ES), Gdansk, Bialystok, Lublin (PL). The nine-step method framework integrates four indexes: Gravity (Gr), Reach (Re), Straightness (St), and Population density (Pop). The “walkability compass” results reveal significant Re and St correlations; thus, visual and cultural aspects become the main factors in pedestrian-friendly cities. The spatial pattern typology has matched similar cities (Malmö and Kaunas) to work closely on sustainable urban planning development. In all case studies, specific walkability zones were mapped, but the Gr zones turned out to be the most compact ones (the Z-score of Gr was ranged from 355.4 to 584; other indexes oscillated between 209.4 and 542.6). The walkability mapping results are publicly shared via WebMap to stimulate the participatory discussion on case studies cities further development.
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Allkja, Ledio, and Kejt Dhrami. "Territorial governance of cultural heritage through spatial planning in Albania and Kosovo." European Spatial Research and Policy 28, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 43–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1231-1952.28.2.03.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cultural and historical heritage is inextricably linked to territorial capital. Over the years, the recognition of its importance has increased in the political and policy discourse. This paper examines these challenges considering spatial planning policies and instruments, namely “how effective spatial planning instruments are in addressing the goal of protecting and enhancing cultural heritage.” The research is focused on two Western Balkan cases of Albania and Kosovo, and takes a comparative approach, considering the ever-present conflict between “the old and the new”, and between growth and preservation, in the respective capital cities of Tirana and Pristina. Both countries have gone through drastic transformations in their planning systems over the last two decades, with an attempt to shift from traditional rigid urbanism approaches towards more comprehensive and integrated ones. Additionally, the two countries are in similar stages of socio-economic development, which include a trend of concentration and rapid urban development. The findings suggest that while cultural preservation and valorisation is ranked high in terms of planning policies, both countries fail to preserve these values when it comes to land development practices.
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Lee, Yeonkyung. "Taipei and Seoul’s Modern Urbanization under Japanese Colonial Rule: A Comparative Study from the Present-Day Context." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (June 11, 2020): 4772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114772.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Both Taipei and Seoul underwent a process of colonization and modern urbanization during the early part of the 20th century, under Japanese rule. In both countries, urban-planning projects from the colonial period have had a great impact on recent urban changes. This comparative analysis aims to identify the characteristics of modern cities with Japanese colonial histories, focusing on the following three aspects: (1) Urban structure based on spatial distribution by ethnic group; (2) Japanese colonial urban planning; and (3) modern boulevards that convey the power and spectacle of a colonial city. Taipei and Seoul have multi-cores because the Japanese and Taiwanese/Korean areas were not clearly separated spatially. Secondly, Japanese colonial urban planning was influenced by Japanese settlements and government facilities. Thirdly, the main boulevards in each city, created through modern urban planning, combine modern streetscapes with imperial spectacle. These boulevards took on an important political meaning after liberation. Comparative studies of Taipei and Seoul can illuminate the difference between modern cities with a Japanese colonial history and colonial cities under European rule. Such comparisons make it possible to analyze the meaning, value, and relevance of colonial remnants, including urban structure and artifacts, for each city’s sustainable future.
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Schernewski, Gerald, Alena Konrad, Jannik Roskothen, and Miriam von Thenen. "Coastal Adaptation to Climate Change and Sea Level Rise: Ecosystem Service Assessments in Spatial and Sectoral Planning." Applied Sciences 13, no. 4 (February 17, 2023): 2623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13042623.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, we critically reflect on the ability of spatial and sectoral planning approaches to deal with regional climate change, especially sea level rise, and analyze the potential of ecosystem service assessments in regional coastal climate change adaptation planning. We present two concrete but contrasting case studies that focus on coastal realignment and wetland restoration as well as seaside tourism and resort development on the German Baltic Sea coast. The ecosystem service assessments compare past, present and potential future local development scenarios. Complementary, we apply the InVest and the Matrix ecosystem service assessment approaches. Despite some shortcomings, the proactive German hierarchical planning system seems suitable to deal with climate change and provide a framework for adaptation measures in coastal zones. It largely prevents a shift of climate change risks between municipalities and stakeholders. Comparative ecosystem service assessments seem well suited to play a role in the planning process by raising awareness about problems, possible solutions and consequences. On a local level, they can provide comprehensive insight into consequences of alternative measures. Our examples show that, in principle, potential future situations can be addressed with comparative ecosystem service approaches. We discuss whether the results of hypothetical future scenarios, with inherent uncertainties, might be misleading and counterproductive.
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Aras, Rohan L., Nicholas T. Ouellette, and Rishee K. Jain. "Automated identification of urban substructure for comparative analysis." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): e0245067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245067.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Neighborhoods are the building blocks of cities, and thus significantly impact urban planning from infrastructure deployment to service provisioning. However, existing definitions of neighborhoods are often ill suited for planning in both scale and pattern of aggregation. Here, we propose a generalized, scalable approach using topological data analysis to identify barrier-enclosed neighborhoods on multiple scales with implications for understanding social mixing within cities and the design of urban infrastructure. Our method requires no prior domain knowledge and uses only readily available building parcel information. Results from three American cities (Houston, New York, San Francisco) indicate that our method identifies neighborhoods consistent with historical approaches. Additionally, we uncover a consistent scale in all three cities at which physical isolation drives neighborhood emergence. However, our methods also reveal differences between these cities: Houston, although more disconnected on larger spatial scales than New York and San Francisco, is less disconnected at smaller scales.
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BEECKMANS, LUCE, and LIORA BIGON. "The making of the central markets of Dakar and Kinshasa: from colonial origins to the post-colonial period." Urban History 43, no. 3 (June 5, 2015): 412–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926815000188.
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ABSTRACTThis article traces the planning history of two central marketplaces in sub-Saharan Africa, in Dakar and Kinshasa, from their French and Belgian colonial origins until the post-colonial period. In the (post-)colonial city, the marketplace has always been at the centre of contemporary debates on urban identity and spatial production. Using a rich variety of sources, this article makes a contribution to a neglected area of scholarship, as comparative studies on planning histories in sub-Saharan African cities are still rare. It also touches upon some key issues such as the multiple and often intricate processes of urban agency between local and foreign actors, sanitation and segregation, the different (post-)colonial planning cultures and their limits and the role of indigenous/intermediary groups in spatial contestation and reappropriation.
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Stefanovic, Nebojsa, Natasa Danilovic-Hristic, and Danijela Srnic. "A methodological framework for integrated planning in the protection and development of natural resource areas in Serbia - a case study of spatial plans for special purpose areas for protected natural areas." Spatium, no. 40 (2018): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat1840025s.
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Spatial plans for special purpose areas for natural resources are one of the main instruments for their protection and development, and significant results have been achieved in spatial planning practice in Serbia in recent years. The main purpose of this research is to consider a methodological framework for drawing up integrated plans enabling protection and development in areas of natural resources. The results of a comparative analysis are presented through a case study of four spatial plans: for the Kopaonik and Djerdap national parks and for the Stara Planina Mountain and Radan Mountain nature parks. The representation of the elements and models of implementation in the plans was considered. The main conclusion of this paper is that the integrated planning for the protection and development of natural resource areas in spatial plans is satisfactory, primarily in terms of the relativization of conflicts, though monitoring the implementation of the plans can be further improved.
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Lin, Fandel, and Hsun-Ping Hsieh. "Multicriteria Route Planning for In-Operation Mass Transit under Urban Data." Applied Sciences 12, no. 6 (March 18, 2022): 3127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12063127.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Multicriteria route planning is a crucial transportation planning issue under the field of GIS-based multicriteria decision analysis (GIS-MCDA) with broad applications. A searching algorithm is proposed to solve the multicriteria route planning problem with spatial urban information and constraints such an existing transit network in operation, certain vertices to be visited in the path, total number of vertices been visited, and length or range for the path. Evaluation of two in-operation mass-transit systems from Chicago and Tainan show that our method can retrieve solutions in a Pareto-optimal sense over comparative methods between profit under queried constraints (the expected passenger flow to be maximized, referring to the social welfare for the public) and cost for construction as well as maintenance (the cost of route to be minimized, referring to the sustainability for the government) with reasonable runtime over comparative methods.
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Deb, Debzani, and Russell M. Smith. "Application of Random Forest and SHAP Tree Explainer in Exploring Spatial (In)Justice to Aid Urban Planning." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 9 (September 21, 2021): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10090629.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In light of recent local, national, and global events, spatial justice provides a potentially powerful lens by which to explore a multitude of spatial inequalities. For more than two decades, scholars have been espousing the power of this concept to help develop more equitable and just communities. However, defining spatial justice and developing a methodology for quantitatively analyzing it is complicated and no agreed upon metric for examining spatial justice has been developed. Instead, individual measures of spatial injustices have been studied. One such individual measure is economic mobility. Recent research on economic mobility has revealed the importance of local geography on upward mobility and may serve as an important keystone in developing a metric for multiple place-based issues of spatial inequality. This paper seeks to explore place-based variables within individual census tracts in an effort to understand their impact on economic mobility and potentially spatial justice. The methodology relies on machine learning techniques and the results show that the best performing model is able to predict economic mobility of a census tract based on its spatial variables with 86% accuracy. The availability and density of jobs, compactness of the area, and the presence of medical facilities and underground storage tanks have the greatest influence, whereas some of the influential features are positively while the others are negatively associated. In the end, this research will allow for comparative analysis between differing geographies and also identify leading variables in the overall quest for spatial justice.