Дисертації: "Comparative Approach to Macroeconomics"

1

BUONAGUIDI, DAMIANO. "Choice of Exogenous Variables, Stock Market Dynamics, Financial Sector: Three Essays on Macroeconomic Theory." Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1061353.

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The choice of exogenous variables is a fundamental element for the logical structure of economic models, leading to different positive and normative implications about growth, distribution and economic policies. In this dissertation a comparative approach is used both to study different models from a theoretical point of view and to analyze the link between the financial and the real sector of the economy. In the first chapter we present a comparison between the neoclassical model and the alternative approach, drawn from the classical and post-keynesian literature, within a common mathematical framework based on the Solow growth model. Several variations in the canonical models are considered. We shall show in a convenient analytical framework how the fundamental differences between the two paradigms ultimately lie in the choice of the exogenous variables: factors endowments in the neoclassical approach or effective demand and, in some cases, income distribution in the alternative approach. In the second chapter, we adopt a comparative approach to interpret stock market dynamics, pursuing two objectives. First, we shall show how the prevailing interpretation of Shiller tests on stock price volatility can all be traced back to the neoclassical model, which makes them exposed to several criticisms. Second, we shall present an alternative macroeconomic model drawn from Sraffian and Keynesian literature which suggests a different interpretation of the empirical evidence on stock market volatility. In the third chapter we propose an integration between the classical-Keynesian model and the monetary circuit framework, evaluating its consistency and its policy implications. In particular, we shall verify whether the Keynesian multiplier can be consistently introduced in the monetary circuit framework, how monetary authorities can affect economic dynamics, how monetary circuits are intertemporally linked to each other and how the problem of interest repayments can be solved.

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2

Fender, John. "An intertemporal maximizing approach to macroeconomics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306793.

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3

Juselius, Mikael. "A cointegration approach to topics in empirical macroeconomics /." Helsingfors : Svenska Handelshögskolan, 2007. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/555519236.pdf.

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4

Potter, Tristan L. "Essays on the Search-Theoretic Approach to Macroeconomics." Thesis, Boston College, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:106885.

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Thesis advisor: Sanjay Chugh
This dissertation studies unemployment---both its micro-level contours and its macro-level fluctuations---from a search-theoretic perspective. Guided by the structure of search theory, each constituent chapter employs a different set of empirical tools to confront a fundamental aspect of joblessness
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2016
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Economics

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5

Aloi, Marta. "Macroeconomics and imperfect competition : a static and a dynamic approach." Thesis, University of York, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298386.

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6

Valdecantos, Halporn Sebastian. "Topics on open economy macroeconomics : a stock-flow consistent approach." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD034/document.

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Cette thèse présente une série d'études théoriques partageant une méthodologie commune: l'utilisation des modèles stock-flux cohérents. Sur la base de l'échec de l'outil d'analyse économique traditionnel, les modèles DSGE, je tente de montrer quels sont les principaux inconvénients de ces modèles, qui comprennent à la fois des problèmes méthodologiques et l'omission de certains aspects de la réalité qui sont cruciales (par exemple, le rôle de la monnaie et des marchés financiers). Dans le premier chapitre de cette thèse je montre pourquoi les modèles stock-flux cohérents offrent un véhicule plus précis à la compréhension des économies modernes. Ces raisons, qui sont reliés à une préoccupation plus élevé avec le réalisme, la précision comptable et l'interaction entre les différents agents économiques et des institutions sociales, expliquent pourquoi les modèles stock-flux cohérents ont réussi à détecter les instabilités qui se accumulaient dans les années avant l'éclatement de la crise financière mondiale. Après avoir expliqué la motivation pour étudier la dynamique macroéconomique par des modèles stock-flux cohérents je présente trois chapitres dans lesquels ces modèles sont adaptés à l'étude de certains problèmes spécifiques du monde réel, qui ont été et sont toujours pertinentes et ont une place privilégiée dans le agenda politique. Dans le deuxième chapitre, je étudie certaines des différentes alternatives pour la réforme du système monétaire international qui ont été proposées depuis la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. A partir d'un modèle qui décrit l'état actuel des choses, il est montré comment ce modèle peut être modifié afin d'examiner comment chacun des solutions alternatives pourraient fonctionner. Ces solutions comprennent des options qui ont été largement débattues depuis des décennies, comme l'introduction du DTS (la monnaie émise par le FMI) et le bancor (la monnaie internationale que Keynes a proposé, avec la création d'une chambre de compensation internationale). Après avoir construit les modèles, des exercices de simulation sont menées. Ces expériences montrent de quelle façon chaque solution pourrait offrir un meilleur environnement mondial pour le développement des relations économiques internationales. En particulier, il est constaté que la mise en place d'une chambre de compensation comme laquelle Keynes a proposé ne serait pas seulement avantageuse à réduire les déséquilibres mondiaux, mais aussi elle pourrait produire un haut niveau de demande effective dans une échelle mondiale
His thesis presents a series of theoretical studies sharing a common methodology: the use of stock-‐flow consistent models. Based on the failure of the state of the art analytical tool of the mainstream, the so-‐called DSGE models, I attempt to show what are the main drawbacks of these models, which include both methodological problems and the omission of some aspects of reality that are crucial (e.g., the role of money and financial markets). In the first chapter of this thesis I show why stock-‐flow consistent models offer a more accurate vehicle to the understanding of modern economies. These reasons, which are connected to a higher concern with realism, accounting accuracy and the interaction between the different economic agents and social institutions, explain why stock-‐flow consistent models have been successful in detecting the instabilities that were accumulating in the years before the outbreak of the global financial crisis

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Silva, Thiago Cordeiro da. "Exploiting diversity in macroeconomic modeling : a comparative study between Agent-Based and DSGE macroeconomic models /." Araraquara, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/180819.

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Orientador: Mario Augusto Bertella
Banca: Alexandre Sartoris Neto
Banca: Roseli da Silva
Resumo: A modelagem macroeconômica tem estado sob intenso escrutínio desde a Crise Financeira de 2007-2008, quando graves deficiências foram expostas na metodologia DSGE. Embora muitas dessas críticas tenham sido injustas ou desinformadas, elas enfatizaram a necessidade de considerar formas alternativas de modelagem macroeconômica e aprimorar abordagens estabelecidas, a fim de torná-las mais úteis para a compreensão de um mundo em recessão. Nesse sentido, argumentamos que explorar a diversidade na modelagem macroeconômica pode beneficiar a profissão e produzir resultados importantes em relação à formulação de políticas macroeconômicas. Uma maneira de explorar a diversidade na macroeconomia é investigar sistematicamente tanto os modelos DSGE quanto os modelos baseados em agentes, revelando suas forças e limitações relativas, e combinando essas duas abordagens diferentes, a fim de que possamos aprender uma com a outra e talvez produzir um modelo híbrido. Este trabalho dá o primeiro passo rumo a esse desafio. Acreditamos que uma abordagem interdisciplinar pode ajudar não só toda a agenda da pesquisa macroeconômica, mas também beneficiar a sociedade como um todo, permitindo a implementação de medidas políticas mais eficazes e aumentando a capacidade dos economistas em modelar a heterogeneidade social em um mundo complexo e em constante evolução.
Abstract: Macroeconomic modelling has been under intense scrutiny since the Financial Crisis of 2007-2008, when serious shortcomings were exposed in the DSGE methodology. Although many of these criticisms were unfair or uninformed, they did highlight the need of considering alternative forms of macroeconomic modelling and enhancing established approaches in order to make them more useful for understanding a world in recession. In this sense, we argue that exploiting diversity in macroeconomic modelling can benefit the profession and yield more fruitful developments regarding the formulation of macroeconomic policy. One way of exploring diversity in macroeconomics is by investigating systematically both the DSGE and the Agent-Based models, revealing their relative strengths and limitations, and combining these two different approaches, so that we can explore what one can learn from the other and perhaps yield a hybrid model. This work takes the first step towards this ultimate achievement. We believe that an interdisciplinary approach may help not only the entire macroeconomic research agenda, but also benefit society as a whole, allowing the implementation of more effective policy measures and by increasing the ability of economists to model social heterogeneity in a complex-evolving world.
Mestre

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8

Carment, Luciano Cintio. "Deflation in Japan: A New Theoretical Approach." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/29710.

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Deflation in Japan: A New Theoretical Approach investigates chronic deflation in contemporary Japan and argues that a new theoretical approach is needed to properly understand this phenomenon. The work applies a conflicting claims theory of inflation in order to incorporate path developmental features of labour market institutions into the analysis of Japan’s ‘lost decades’. The thesis is separated into three parts. Part I briefly surveys major inflation theories and discusses how they have been received and iterated on by Japanese theorists. Part I concludes by arguing that because of the intellectual development of inflation theory in Japan, dominant understandings of inflation, whilst not explicitly monetarist, still understand inflation to be a fundamentally monetary phenomena that is not caused by patterns of income distribution. Part II investigates how this monetary understanding of inflation has influenced the modern movement of ‘reflationism’ in Japanese central banking. It argues that the reflationists key policy prescription of inflation targeting via quantitative easing has not been successful, not simply because of a mechanical breakdown in the transmission mechanism, but because these policies are underpinned by a misdiagnosis of the causes of inflation. Part III presents an alternative understanding of inflation in Japan based on the idea that inflation is a phenomenon fundamentally rooted in patterns of income distribution. This section takes the theory of dual labour market in Japan, originally proposed by the once prominent theorist Shinohara Miyohei and revives this approach via the application of a Post-Keynesian conflicting claims framework. The thesis concludes with a discussion of possible alternative policy prescriptions that could flow from this alternative theory of deflation in Japan. The thesis adopts a Post-Keynesian theoretical framework supplemented by theoretical insights from ‘old-Keynesian’ Japanese scholarship. The methodology used, whilst relying on some formalism where necessary, adopts a basically institutionalist writing style that will be familiar to scholars working in the fields of history of economic thought, political economy or international political economy.

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9

Obbiso, Pietro. "Forecasting intermittent demand: a comparative approach." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/24792/.

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In this thesis, a comparative approach between forecasting intermittent demand by using machine learning and by using statistical models is carried out. Models implementations are done with the support of different Python libraries aimed at discovering which model would provide better results. For what concerns the data, an electricity demand dataset is used for building the models, where their generated predictions are compared with the real ones. Moreover, performances are investigated against specifically selected scenarios, where different forecast horizons and different times of the day are considered. It gave us the possibility of analysing how these models would perform over distinct settings, including the ones during an anomalous period. The final results showed the KNeighbors Regressor being the best model, especially in scenarios that consider moments in time of very low demand in a normal week, with an accuracy value of 93%. However, despite being the best result, it is not the most intriguing to consider, as instead discovering how some forecasters perform surprisingly well in scenarios where the anomaly is present is the main interest.

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10

Gandhi, Alka. "Antebellum banking regulation a comparative approach /." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1054733779.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 121 p.; also includes graphics Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-121). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

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11

Fortin, Nicole M. "Evaluating the aggregation biases in a production economy : a stochastic approach." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28779.

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This dissertation presents a theoretical framework to analyze and evaluate aggregation biases. These biases measure the information lost when macro relations evaluated in terms of aggregates do not capture all of the distributional properties of micro relations. The framework is developed in the context of producer theory, but it may be used to determine the biasedness of any representative agent model and to study general relationships between exact-aggregation macro parameters and their microfoundations. The model is based on a stochastic interpretation of the production characteristics which encompasses that of previous stochastic aggregation models (Houthakker, 1955; Hildenbrand, 1981; Stoker, 1984; Lewbel, 1986a). It admits the construction of "true" aggregate relations which can be compared to pre-specifed macro relations. Many of Theil's (1954, 1971) statistical results concerning the relations between micro and macro parameters then can be formalized at the population level and generalized to non-linear functions. A moments decomposition of the "true" aggregate relation makes it possible to identify the sources and causes of potential aggregation biases. Thus, the functional-form restrictions of exact-aggregation models (Gorman, 1968a; Blackorby and Schworm, 1984, 1988) are found to be neither necessary nor sufficient conditions for consistent aggregation, if the aggregates are taken to be the usual totals or averages. Traditionally, similarity among firms, either as a maintained hypothesis or as the long-run outcome of perfect competition, has proved to ensure exact aggregation. Here, economic diversification may also provide an alternative set of circumstances under which the aggregation biases may be minimized. In the case of an average-representative firm, the output aggregation bias is explicitly derived. Empirical analyses confirm that the magnitude of the bias increases as higher moment terms in the production characteristics increase in importance. Conditions under which exact-aggregation macro parameters possess stable microdefinitions are obtained; they explain Fisher's (1971) simulation results. Empirical results show that such macro parameters are relatively stable (within the estimated confidence intervals) when based on periods of relative economic stability. Finally, theoretical implications for macroeconometric modeling and policy evaluation are explored.
Arts, Faculty of
Vancouver School of Economics
Graduate

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12

Cabral, Harsha, and n/a. "Corporate law, derivative actions : a comparative approach." University of Canberra. Law, 1999. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060622.163443.

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This thesis is a culmination of a research of a particular branch of Corporate Law, which has grown in several major parts of civilized jurisdictions. The thrust of the study was to evaluate the past, present and the future of a particular type of action known in Corporate Law under the umbrella of shareholder remedies - the 'Derivative Action' with emphasis to develop the law in one jurisdiction profiting from another. The research thus reveals how, when and where the so called action originated, the initial effects these actions had on the corporate world including shareholders, companies and related persons natural or juristic. Though much has been written by way of books, treatises and articles and several researches have dealt with the common topic shareholder remedies in its broad perspect, there is no separate study carried out on this topic in its global context with a comparative focus. This study has therefore given me the drive, initiative and courage to look at the conceptual view or the macro view of the so called 'Derivative Action' with of course special emphasis on the Australian and Sri Lankan jurisdictions in its micro aspects. This, I believe is the first time anyone has undertaken such a task. The study thus travels through distant roads of common law action to the statutory form of the action in the relevant jurisdictions and finds it driving with much purpose in jurisdictions such as Australia and Sri Lanka which are both in the transitional era from the common law action to the statutory action. The research is based on the collection of material namely, case law - Australian, Sri Lankan and international on the matters in issue, Legal treatises on the subject matter local and international, Law reform material - Australian, Sri Lankan and international on the topic, Bills and Statutes available on the topic in Australia, Sri Lanka and other countries. I have met resource personnel with regard to Law Reform in several jurisdictions on the matters in issue and visited the Australian Stock Exchange and the Colombo Stock Exchange. The research findings depend mainly on the electronic data available in addition to resources available at the University of Canberra, the Australian National University, Colombo Law Library, The Colombo Law Society Library and the Sri Lanka Supreme Court Judges' Chambers Library and the Sri Lanka Attorney General's Department Library. Visits to the McGill University in Montreal, Canada and the corporate law sector in New Zealand, including Universities and Law Offices in Christchurch and Auckland too has helped me considerably in the process. Review of the literature of the proposed statutory Derivative Action in Australia and the proposed statutory Derivative Action in Sri Lanka, are based mainly on; Enforcement of the duties of directors and officers of a company by means of a statutory derivative action (Report No. 12) Companies and Securities Law Review Committee. (November 1990.), Corporate Practices and the Rights of Shareholders (Report of the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs) Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia. (November 1991.), Report on A Statutory Derivative Action Companies and Securities Advisory Committee. (July 1993.), Corporate Law Economic Reform Program (CLERP) Proposal Paper No 3 (1997), the CLERP draft legislative provisions (1998), Australian case law on the application of the common law Derivative Action, both in the High Court and in individual States and Australian articles on Derivative Action as a common law remedy and on the introduction of the statutory action. In the Sri Lankan context, the proposals in Sri Lanka for the statutory Derivative Action and the case law in Sri Lanka on the application of the common law remedy has been referred to. Other literature include, material available on the Canadian formula of Derivative Action, including Statutes, Rules, case law, articles and other relevant data, material available on the Derivative Actions in the United States, material available in New Zealand on Derivative Actions, material available in England on Derivative Actions, namely on the common law approach, case law, articles, Bills, Rules and other connected material, Statutes on Derivative Actions in other jurisdictions at present and Hong Kong proposals for a statutory Derivative Action, to name some. The aforesaid material and the review of the same have assisted the study as follows: -To place the past, present and the future of the common law Derivative Action. -Examine the objectives of the Derivative Action. -The operation of the common law aspects of the action. -The benefits of the statutory form of the action. -Experiences of other countries in the recent past on the subject. -The Australian reform process presently underway. -The best experiences in Australia with regard to case law. -To evaluate whether the remedy should be limited to fraud on the minority or whether it should be extended further even to negligence. -How best Sri Lanka could benefit from the Australian formula of the statutory form of the action. -To evaluate whether the proposed model of the statutory action in Sri Lanka is adequate in view of the Australian and other accepted formulae on the subject. -Whether the common law action should be expressly abolished in Sri Lanka. -Consider the possible introduction of the best methods to Sri Lanka. Finally, the research speaks for itself the need for a statutory Derivative Action for Sri Lanka in the future, to be an improvement on the Canadian, New Zealand and Australian models. The research findings, especially in its conclusions and recommendation in Chapter 8, will no doubt help to improve the proposed statutory Derivative Action in Sri Lanka in a small way.

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13

Di, Fino Alessio. "Comparative approach to barnacle adhesive-surface interactions." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2838.

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Barnacles are considered to be one of the major marine fouling organisms. Their settlement behaviour has been investigated using mainly Balanus amphitrite as a model organism. To better understand the mechanisms involved during the colonisation of surfaces by cypris larvae we have investigated another species, B. improvisus, which is reported to have different surface preferences compared to B. amphitrite. This study aims to unravel the effects of surface physicochemical cues, in particular surface free energy (SFE), surface charge and elastic modulus on the settlement of cyprids of both species. The use of well-defined surfaces under controlled conditions further facilitates comparison of the results with B. amphitrite. Furthermore, since this phase of presettlement behaviour is characterised by temporary adhesive (footprint) deposition, considered to be fundamental to surface exploration and surface discrimination by cyprids, some of the chemistries used for the settlement assays were used to investigate temporary adhesive-surface interactions. Cyprids were exposed to a series of model surfaces, namely self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiols with varying end-groups, homogenously applied to gold-coated polystyrene Petri dishes. The settlement response was significantly higher on negatively charged SAMs and lower on positively charged surfaces, while intermediate settlement occurred on neutral SAMs. Furthermore, no effects were observed when data were plotted against surface free energy after 48 hr of exposure. Temporary adhesive on SAMs was investigated using imaging ellipsometry and atomic force microscopy. Relatively thick footprints with low wetting were found on positively charged surfaces. Settlement of both species was also low on these surfaces. Footprints were thinner and spread more on hydrophobic surfaces. The adhesion force of temporary adhesive measured with functionalised AFM tips was higher on hydrophobic and negatively charged surfaces for both species. Furthermore, PDMS-based surfaces were prepared varying the elastic modulus, keeping constant other parameters, settlement behaviour and strength of adhesion of juveniles and adults were tested. We conclude that cyprid settlement behaviour of both species is influenced more by surface charge than SFE under controlled conditions. The temporary adhesives (footprints) of the two species had a stronger affinity for hydrophobic surfaces. Contrary ii to previous reports, therefore, the settlement preferences and adhesive secretion of these two species are similar. Elastic modulus influences settlement, juveniles and adults removal of both species, although B. improvisus is more sensitive if compared with B. amphitrite. This finding will be important for understanding the mechanism of surface selection by cyprids and for the development of future antifouling technologies.

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14

Rivera, Iván. "La nueva macroeconomía y la crisis actual: un comentario a Robert Barro, Macroeconomics: A Modern Approach." Economía, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116886.

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15

Loutfi, Mohamed Loutfi Ibrahim. "An analysis of the decision support system needed for applications to states of equilibria and disequilibria in aspects of the Egyptian economy : a systemic approach." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323469.

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16

Cunningham, Susan J. Grabill Joseph L. "Teaching the cold war using a comparative approach." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1991. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9219082.

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Thesis (D.A.)--Illinois State University, 1991.
Title from title page screen, viewed December 22, 2005. Dissertation Committee: Joseph Grabill (chair), Lawrence McBride, Edward Schapsmeier, Jamal Nassar, Gerlof Homan. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 164-179) and abstract. Also available in print.

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17

Gaudet, Connie Lee. "Competition in shoreline plant communities: A comparative approach." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6516.

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I tested the general hypothesis that competitive ability is an important determinant of pattern in shoreline plant communities. Specifically I tested four predictions generated from this general hypothesis: (1) the competitive performance of plant species is related to their distribution along natural gradients of fertility and standing crop; (2) the competitive performance of plant species is related to measurable plant traits; (3) the competitive performance of plant species is not significantly affected by changing nutrient supply; and (4) there is an "evolutionary trade-off" between nutrient stress tolerance of species and competitive performance that underlies the distribution of species along natural gradients of fertility and standing crop. These questions were posed at a broad, multi-species scale using comparative measures of competitive performance, stress tolerance, and morphology from over 40 shoreline plant species, and field distribution data from several natural shoreline communities in Ontario, Nova Scotia and Quebec. Results showed that the experimentally determined measure of the relative competitive performance of a species was significantly correlated with its position along natural gradients of fertility and standing crop; and with simple measurable plant traits, in particular above-ground biomass (r$\sb{\rm s}$ = 0.92; p .0001). Results also showed that the competitive performance of species under high and low nutrient conditions was significantly correlated after two growing seasons (r$\sb{\rm s}$ = 0.76; P .001); and that stress tolerance, measured as the relative biomass production of species under low nutrient conditions, was inversely correlated with competitive performance (r = $-$0.62, p .005).

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18

Wyllie, Michael. "A comparative quantitative approach to digital image compression." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2006. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=719.

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Mizzi, Dennis. "The Archaeology of Khirbet Qumran : a Comparative Approach." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.519805.

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20

Downing, Kevin John. "Cognitive dysfunction and criminal behaviour : a comparative approach." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361332.

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21

Legg, Edward William. "A comparative approach to testing mental state attribution." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708734.

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Oellrich, A., R. L. Walls, E. K. Cannon, S. B. Cannon, L. Cooper, J. Gardiner, G. V. Gkoutos, et al. "An ontology approach to comparative phenomics in plants." BioMed Central, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/610328.

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BACKGROUND: Plant phenotype datasets include many different types of data, formats, and terms from specialized vocabularies. Because these datasets were designed for different audiences, they frequently contain language and details tailored to investigators with different research objectives and backgrounds. Although phenotype comparisons across datasets have long been possible on a small scale, comprehensive queries and analyses that span a broad set of reference species, research disciplines, and knowledge domains continue to be severely limited by the absence of a common semantic framework. RESULTS: We developed a workflow to curate and standardize existing phenotype datasets for six plant species, encompassing both model species and crop plants with established genetic resources. Our effort focused on mutant phenotypes associated with genes of known sequence in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. (Arabidopsis), Zea mays L. subsp. mays (maize), Medicago truncatula Gaertn. (barrel medic or Medicago), Oryza sativa L. (rice), Glycine max (L.) Merr. (soybean), and Solanum lycopersicum L. (tomato). We applied the same ontologies, annotation standards, formats, and best practices across all six species, thereby ensuring that the shared dataset could be used for cross-species querying and semantic similarity analyses. Curated phenotypes were first converted into a common format using taxonomically broad ontologies such as the Plant Ontology, Gene Ontology, and Phenotype and Trait Ontology. We then compared ontology-based phenotypic descriptions with an existing classification system for plant phenotypes and evaluated our semantic similarity dataset for its ability to enhance predictions of gene families, protein functions, and shared metabolic pathways that underlie informative plant phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS: The use of ontologies, annotation standards, shared formats, and best practices for cross-taxon phenotype data analyses represents a novel approach to plant phenomics that enhances the utility of model genetic organisms and can be readily applied to species with fewer genetic resources and less well-characterized genomes. In addition, these tools should enhance future efforts to explore the relationships among phenotypic similarity, gene function, and sequence similarity in plants, and to make genotype-to-phenotype predictions relevant to plant biology, crop improvement, and potentially even human health.

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Clementino, Isabel Maria Lopes Ribeiro Ramos. "The consultancy field in Europe: A comparative approach." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9511.

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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics
This paper analyses the European consultancy industry and its evolution during the last decade. The current situation of the European consulting industry is compared with its long-term development since the 1980s, as well as with some perspective on its future evolution. Former literature on the field suggested that consulting in Europe would become less diverse in the early twentieth century (“convergence hypothesis”) and dominated by global American firms (“Americanization hypothesis”). The main conclusions point in a different direction. The European consulting market still has much national diversity and there is not a clear convergence trend in the industry. On the contrary, there is evidence suggesting an increasing diversity between countries over the last decade. Finally, the “Americanization hypothesis” is not confirmed. The European firms increased their number among the largest consultancies operating in Europe.

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24

Sood, Radhika. "Comparative Data Analytic Approach for Detection of Diabetes." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1544100930937728.

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25

Jordan, F. M. "A comparative phylogenetic approach to Austronesian cultural evolution." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446081/.

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Phylogenetic comparative methods were used to test hypotheses about cultural evolution in ethnolinguistic groups from the Austronesian language family of the Pacific. The case for quantitative statistical approaches to the empirical evolution of linguistic and cultural features was presented. Phylogenetic trees of 67 Austronesian languages were constructed using maximum parsimony and Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo likelihood algorithms on a database of lexical items. The predominant transmission mode of 76 cultural traits was examined at the macroevolutionary level with (i) partial Mantel matrix tests and (ii) multiple regression on phylogenetic and geographic nearest neighbours. Mantel tests showed that both geographic and phylogenetic transmission was correlated with cultural diversity. Geographic distance had a greater overall partial correlation with cultural distance than did phylogenetic distance, but only phylogenetic correlations were found with kinship/social traits. Multiple regression on individual traits found that phylogenetic nearest neighbours predicted more cultural traits, especially those involving the inheritance of resources. Ancestral states of kinship traits were reconstructed using a Bayesian comparative method on a sample of 1000 phylogenies. The root of the tree was reconstructed as having matrilocal post-marital residence and a bilateral, flexible descent system. Proto Oceanic was reconstructed as unilocal and unilineal, and an hypothesis of matriliny and matrilocality could not be rejected. Murdock's main-sequence theory of the co-evolution of post-marital residence and descent systems was tested. The most likely model of the evolutionary pathway demonstrated that residence changed before descent. Rates of change in residence and descent traits were estimated. A co-evolutionary hypothesis of matriliny and male absence was tested. Contrary to anthropological theory, a high dependence on fishing showed no clear pattern of co-evolution with matrilineal social organisation. Population size of the language community was hypothesized to be a factor influencing lexical change. Conventional statistics showed a significant strong inverse correlation, indicating a relationship between small populations and accelerated lexical change. This correlation disappeared when comparative methods were used to control for phylogeny. Population size appeared to be evolving according to a drift model, while lexical change did not fit a neutral model of evolution.

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26

Simó, i. Sanchez Ricard. "Intrathoracic Goitres: Comparative study of the transcervical approach versus the combined cervicothoracic approach." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/405255.

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Els golls amb extensió intratoràcica es presenten sovint amb símptomes compressius i comporten reptes en el seu maneig requerint atenció per equips quirúrgics amb experiència. La majoria dels golls intratoràcics poden accedir-se amb un abordatge transcervical i nomes d’entre el 5 i el 15% requereixen abordatges extracervicals. Existeixen moltes controvèrsies referents a la presentació clínica, avaluació, selecció de casos per abordatges extracervicals, tècnica quirúrgica i resultats. Objectiu L’objectiu d’aquest estudi és avaluar, analitzar i comparar els resultats dels pacients sotmesos a cirurgia per golls intratoràcics pels dos abordatges principals. Materials i Mètodes S’ha fet una revisió de 237 pacients sotmesos a cirurgia per golls intratoràcics. 27 pacients varen ser operats per via cervical i esternotomia mitja, 2 per via cervical i toracotomia lateral dreta i la resta per via transcervical. Es varen recollir prospectivament dades de la presentació clínica, exploracions, tractament, complicacions i resultats. Resultats L’índex de malignitat en golls intratoràcics va ser del 8.01% i l’índex de malignitat oculta del 5.0%. L’ecografia amb punció d’agulla fina te una sensitivitat dolenta (33%) però una especificitat alta (93.3%) per excloure càncer. El risc d’esternotomia fou del 12.2% i l’extensió per sota de l’arc de l’aorta (p<0.001), la forma d’iceberg (p<0.001) i la cirurgia de revisió (p<0.001) van ser els millors predictors de necessitar un abordatge extracervical. El risc de lesió recurrencial i hipocalcemia va ser més alt en els abordatges extracervicals (p<0.003 i p<0.002, respectivament). L’índex de traqueomalacia va ser del 1.6% i el risc de traqueotomia del 2.5%. La mitjana en els períodes d’ingrés en els abordatges transcervicals va ser de 3 dies, i de 6 dies en els extracervicals (p<0.0001). Conclusions La cirurgia per golls intratoràcics representa un repte. Requereix un avaluació acurada i un abordatge multidisciplinar amb equips especialitzats. A pesar de les característiques I de les complexitats anatòmiques d’aquest golls, la majoria es poden abordar per una via transcervical. L’índex de complicacions es baix però mes alt en pacients que necessiten un abordatge extracervical.
MNGs with intrathoracic extension often present with compressive symptoms and pose specific management challenges requiring specialised care by experienced surgical teams. Most ITG can be accessed by a TCA and only between 5 and 15% will require an ECA. Many controversies exist regarding the clinical presentation, evaluation, and selection of cases for ECA, surgical technique and outcomes. Aim The aim of this study is to evaluate, analyse and compare the outcomes of patients undergoing surgery for ITG by the two main approaches. Materials and Methods An ambispective study of 237 patients undergoing surgery for ITG was undertaken. 27 patients underwent a combined cervical and midline sternotomy and 2 underwent a combined cervical and right lateral thoracotomy and the rest by a TC approach. Data on clinical presentation, investigations, complications and outcomes was collected prospectively and analysed. Results The rate of malignancy in ITG was 8.01% with a rate of occult malignancy of 5.0%. The USS FNA had poor sensitivity (33%) but high specificity (93.3%) to exclude cancer. The risk of sternotomy was 12.2% and the extension BAA (p<0.001), iceberg shape (p<0.001) and reoperation (p<0.001) were the best predictors of needing an ECA. The risk of RLNP and hypocalcaemia are higher in ECA (p<0.003 and p<0.002). The risk of tracheomalacia was 1.6% and the risk of tracheostomy was 2.5%. The median LOS in TCA was 3 days and 6 days in the ECA (p<0.0001). Conclusions Surgery for ITG is challenging. It requires accurate evaluation and a multidisciplinary approach by specialised teams. Despite the nature and anatomical complexities of these goitres most of them can be excised via a TCA. The rate of complications is relatively low but higher in patients undergoing ECA.

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27

Erdemir, Omer. "A Comparative Approach To National Protection Law (1940-1956)." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12605670/index.pdf.

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A COMPARATIVE APPROACH TO NATIONAL PROTECTION LAW (1940-1956) Erdemir, Ö
mer M.A, Department of History Supervisor: Prof.Dr. Seç
il Karal Akgü
n December 2004, 130 pages This thesis introduces a comparative history of National Protection Law of 1940 and 1956. It analyzes the two applications of the law, first, by the Republican People&rsquo
s Party governments during World War II, and second, by the Democratic Party Government during the years between 1956 and 1960 in view of the general economic policies followed during both periods. It argues, in reference to the ideological struggle over Turkish economic development during the twentieth century, that the enactments and applications of the first and second National Protection Law address the authoritarian characteristics of both the Republican People&rsquo
s Party and the Democratic Party. It further argues, the enactment and application of National Protection Law by the Democratic Party government contradicted with the party&rsquo
s economic principles whereas the Republican governments had already been on the interventionist path that they inherited from the previous decade of etatism. In addition, the thesis reveals that the first National Protection Law was more widely applied than the second. In both cases, the application of National Protection Law failed to solve economic problems and aroused a public discontent which brought about political losses for its executors.

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28

Van, Dyk Johannes Jacobus. "Countertrade as a development tool: a comparative analytical approach." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5054.

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This study explores the consequences of defence countertrade arrangements for national development based on the South African experience in comparative perspective. Although defence countertrade has been controversial in many contexts, it is concluded that it may play a positive developmental role. This is premised on the central role governments can play in ensuring that countertrade's role in national economic development – global pressures and neo-liberalism notwithstanding – remains an important tool through which active industrial policy may be pursued. This can include developing and maintaining a defence industrial base (DIB) in those countries that have such capabilities. Countertrade occurs under two kinds of market conditions. The one is where there is a natural need for trading but it is constrained in some way, for example, by an absence of currency or an oversupply. Under these conditions countries can resort to bartering, which involves a commodity for commodity exchange and no money. The second market condition is one where countertrade is purposefully structured to secure reciprocal benefits as a condition of a commercial sales transaction - defence or civil in nature. This is referred to as leveraged procurement and manifests primarily as defence offsets involving the defence industrial base, which is the concern of this study. Around 40 per cent of countries, including South Africa, use various purposely structured government procurement programmes when procuring goods and services abroad. These programmes apply the principle of reciprocity through the use of internationally accepted countertrade practices that manifest in many diverse ways. Although „countertrade‘ is the collective term, it is regularly referred to as „offsets‘. Procurement leverage is used to secure some reciprocal benefit from the foreign seller (benefits sought vary from country to country). Countertrade-related practices occur widely despite the fact that the World Trade Organisation's (WTO) Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA6) rules out the use of offsets. Their use is viewed as a discriminatory procurement practice that interferes with free trade. However, the WTO allows for exceptions in the case of developing countries and also for national security and public health contracts. It is important to note that countertrade (and offset) practices, valued in billions of US Dollars, are applicable mostly to defence contracts, although becoming increasingly relevant in non-defence (i.e. civil) government procurements. This research systematically interrogated and investigated issues surrounding the origins and subsequent popular and increased use of countertrade since the 1980s. The purported negative impact of defence-related offsets on the defence industrial base (i.e. the loss or gain of jobs, technology and market share) of both the exporting and receiving countries is of particular concern to the US government and the European Union (EU). My exploratory mixed method research, together with practitioner (insider) and reflexive research approaches, culminated in a primarily descriptive, qualitative, analytical narrative. The research is further founded on structured survey questionnaires. These specific research approaches are known to be subjective and biased and I thus needed to take extra care to prevent emotive subjectivities, primarily through triangulating my findings against a variety of other views and arguments pertaining to the research question. This was done to provide for a holistic overview, and in consideration of the case study, in particular. It must be noted that South Africa has two sets of industrial participation policies and practices. One is Defence Industrial Participation (DIP) managed exclusively by Armscor, South Africa's acquisition agency, which favours pursuing defence industry development objectives. The other is the National Industrial Participation Programme (NIPP), managed independently by the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI). The NIPP is primarily focused on the civil industry with a bias towards manufacturing, investments and exports. The DIP is the focus of the case study element of this research. Since its inception in 1968, Armscor has been tasked with establishing a DIB. Until the late 1980s, this DIB made huge strides in developing unique defence equipment to cater for the harsh Southern African environment and its military operational conditions. The DIB's development was enhanced further by the various UN embargoes imposed on the former South African apartheid government. Owing to these embargoes, Armscor dealt with all its defence imports (and exports) in a clandestine manner. Armscor was the only government entity that applied countertrade from around 1988 until 1996 when the DTI introduced NIPP. During the latter part of 1996, Armscor redrafted its countertrade policy with the new DIP policy approved in early 1997. This policy was applied during the biggest arms transaction in South Africa‟s history, namely, the Strategic Defence Package (SDP). A DIP commitment of circa R15 billion resulted from the equipment bought under the SDP. This study investigated how the DIP manifested in practice from 2000 to 2012 within the DIB that involved numerous South African Defence Industry (SADI) entities. The study considered the DIB, its growth and decline, and to what extent the DIP assisted it to retain its capabilities and capacities, including the retention of jobs. Hence, parts of the case study cover issues related to the South African military complex and the SDP‟s selection process. Subsequent investigations into alleged acts of misconduct and maladministration in the selection process, fraud and corruption are also covered, although not in detail, since this matter is sub judice the outcome of the 2011 presidential appointed Arms Procurement Commission (APC) of inquiry that is anticipating completing its investigations in 2015. Although there are many derivative views on the actual defence equipment needs of the South African National Defence Force (SANDF), the study did not endeavour to analyse these views in depth as they are adequately covered in the 1996 Defence Review. Similarly, there are views expressed that South Africa paid much more for its equipment compared with similar types of equipment bought by other countries. A cost comparative analysis was not performed as the exact configuration of each type of equipment can differ substantially due to the unique operational needs of the various defence forces – the exact configuration of such equipment is not in the public domain, since it is a sovereign security concern. Despite many opposing views, it is concluded that DIP (also referred to as defence offsets) has worked for South Africa: in many ways the South African DIP practice compares favourably with internationally accepted best practices. The research‟s postulation that countertrade can be used as a possible development mechanism is therefore supported by the findings of this study that showed that DIP had a positive retention impact on the DIB, and jobs, and made a positive contribution to Gross National Product (GNP7). The study found that the 1997 DIP policy needed to be much better aligned with the broader strategic national industrial development aims and objectives, including better corroboration with the NIPP. In this respect critical inferences are made that the DIP policy primarily focused on the SADI and its capabilities, without considering its wider application in a broader industrial sense. However, in the context of the Armscor legal mandate (i.t.o. Act 57 of 1968) ensuring the establishment of a DIB in South Africa, the DIP policy was clear in its intent to specifically further the interests of only the SADI. However, the 2014 Defence Review recommends that the DIP policy should be much more focused and even prescriptive when considering specific strategic defence needs. Although DIP policy directives contain requirements for establishing strategic local capabilities and capacities that could adequately cater for logistic support, repair and maintenance of foreign produced defence equipment, this aspect was not well contracted in the 1999 SDP. There is also general consensus that foreign obligors should in future not be allowed the freedoms of choice evident in the SDP‟s DIP process, which resulted in numerous smaller companies not benefitting as was generally anticipated. Future defence contracts should not be signed without an appropriate DIP business plan. Hence, all indications are that the DIP regime in South Africa is set to become much more stringent in its application and subsequent discharge administration.

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29

Anderson, Matthew John. "Comparative soft anatomy : a new approach to primate taxonomy." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325485.

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30

Xin, Jing. "The Chinese Approach To Web Journalism: A Comparative Analysis." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Social and Political Sciences, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5117.

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This thesis explores the distinctive forms of journalism that have emerged in mainstream news websites in mainland China. Two case studies, the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and the H1N1 influenza pandemic in 2009, are employed to identify features in Chinese and Western news online. Specifically, a comparison is made between the in-depth news sections of popular mainstream news websites in China and those in the United States, the United Kingdom, and New Zealand. The study finds that the Chinese version of mainstream web news genre differs significantly from the Western version. This thesis argues that journalists’ practice is strongly context dependent. Distinctive economic, organizational, social and cultural factors contribute to shaping Chinese web journalism in a way that contradicts the notion of a homogeneous worldwide journalism or of a single set of norms for journalism. The study challenges the dominance of the political explanatory framework that considers political factors as the most important approach to study Chinese web-based media. In the face of a sparse literature and sporadic studies concerning the development of the internet as a novel platform in China for news production and transmission, this thesis aims to bring more academic interest to an overlooked research area and to contribute to a broader understanding of the actual diversity of global communication research.

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31

Collen, A. L. "The evolution of echolocation in bats : a comparative approach." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1370574/.

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The evolutionary history of echolocation in bats is poorly understood, as fossils provide little direct evidence, and most studies into echolocation have taken an ecological approach. Bats use a wide variety of echolocation call structures despite facing similar sensory challenges, and it is not clear how and why these echolocation call types evolved, or what impact they have on other aspects of the evolution of bats. Here, I use phylogenetic comparative methods and newly-collated echolocation call data from 410 species in 120 genera and all 19 families to investigate the origination and evolution of echolocation in bats (Chiroptera). I construct an updated phylogenetic supertree of the bats using source phylogenies from the literature between 1970 and 2009. I ask three main questions: (1) Are echolocation call structures really a product of present-day ecological conditions, or are they much more constrained by evolutionary history than is currently thought? (2) What did the first echolocation calls sound like? (3) Are echolocation calls ‘key innovations’ that promote diversification? I found that early divergences and subsequent constraints in evolutionary history have resulted in a greater variety of bat call structures than appear to be functionally necessary. The structure of the first echolocation calls was predicted to be short duration, multi-harmonic, and narrowband, suggesting that the proto-bat was a slow and manoeuvrable flier with an opportunistic and omnivorous diet, and may have used a perch-hunting foraging strategy. Finally, some echolocation call types were found to correlate with higher diversification rates such that they may be considered key innovations, but, unexpectedly, the most rapidly diversifying clades were those in which species either did not use echolocation at all (Pteropodidae), or where less sensory reliance was placed on echolocation (Stenodermatinae: Phyllostomidae).

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32

Domingues, Ana Margarida Nascimento. "Evaluation of financial assets and liabilities : a comparative approach." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10717.

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Mestrado em Finanças
Numa altura em que a globalização dos mercados financeiros exige que os agentes atuem com prudência, é importante estudar as formas como os instrumentos financeiros podem ser registados e como esse registo afeta a avaliação das demonstrações financeiras. Este trabalho compara os sistemas de determinação do valor dos ativos e passivos financeiros das instituições financeiras e feitas por órgãos supervisores diferentes. Ao longo deste trabalho pretende-se fazer uma análise de comparação relativamente a aplicação das normas de avaliação dos ativos e passivos analisando a classificação, o reconhecimento incial e mensuração referentes a instrumentos financeiros em Portugal, no Brasil e nos EUA. A questão principal desta investigação será: onde irá impatar a aplicação das normas sobre instrumentos financeiros nos diferentes normativos? Em conclusão, com este trabalho pretendemos esclarecer quais os princípios pelos quais se regem os dos instrumentos financeiros nas diferentes normas e como se classificam nas demonstrações financeiras.
At a time when the globalization of financial markets demands that its agents act with prudence, it is important to study how the financial instruments can be registered and how that registry affects the evaluations of financial statements. This work compares the systems used by financial institutions and regulators to determine the value of financial assets and liabilities. Over the course of this work a comparative analysis will be performed in relation to the enforcement of evaluation norms for assets and liabilities by their classification, initial recognition and measurement as they are applied in Portugal, Brazil and USA. The main question of this investigation will be: what is the impact of different norms on financial instruments? In conclusion, it is the intention of this work to shed light on the principles by which financial instruments are ruled as they vary in different norms and how they are classified in financial statements.

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33

Buys, Sannette. "The great Atonhymn and Psalm 104 : a comparative approach." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/75275.

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It is not known who the authors of either of these two poems are. In this dissertation the credit for writing the great Atonhymn is given to Pharaoh Amenhotep IV (Akhenaton). Although Psalm 104 is untitled in the Hebrew Bible, there are three sources that credit David as the author. These are a manuscript from Qumran, the Septuagint, and Wilson’s argument (see page 37). The Atonhymn worships the sun, while Psalm 104 worships the creator of the sun. Apart from this fundamental difference there are also many other important differences that have been identified. These include Deity’s origin, Deity’s providence, Deity’s love, and Deity’s relationship role. The hymn and the psalm are very similar in structure, phraseology, and style. There are many different opinions as to why there are so many similarities between the hymn and the psalm. Although they are separated by language, cultural context, and by more than half a millennium of history, it seems that the hymn did somehow come to the attention of the biblical poet. There is no consensus today among scholars about whether Psalm 104 is dependent on the great Atonhymn or not. For the diachronic analysis of Psalm 104, the following aspects are studied. The historical aspects of the Psalter, Book IV, and Psalm 104. The social and cultural contexts of David and the addressees, and the literary and redactional contexts of Psalm 101-106. During the synchronic analysis of Psalm 104, the psalm is divided into eight stanzas by using their content, pronouns, and verbs. In the content analysis of the stanzas, their different figures of speech are identified. For the diachronic analysis of the great Atonhymn, the following aspects are studied. The historical background to show that the great Atonhymn is not an original composition. The social and cultural perspectives surrounding the great Atonhymn, as well as the documentation of the hymn. During the synchronic analysis of the great Atonhymn, it is divided into fourteen stanzas by using its content. In the content analysis of the stanzas their figures of speech are identified. In the final chapter suggestions for further study are made.
Dissertation (MTheology)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
Old Testament Studies
MTheology
Unrestricted

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34

Inamdar, Shahabuddin L. "VHDL Coding Style Guidelines and Synthesis: A Comparative Approach." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000526.

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35

Erdemir, Ömer Supervisor :. Akgün Seçil Karal. "A comparative approach to national protectional law (1940-1956)." Ankara : METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12605670/index.pdf.

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36

Haji, Abdullah Luqman. "The classical Islamic Law of Waqf : a comparative approach." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23032.

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This thesis is a study of the classical Islamic Law of Waqf. This thesis is divided into two parts. Part One is focused on the nature of waqf, while Part Two is about the administration of waqf. Part One is divided into two chapters. Chapter One provides a discussion of the nature and the legal principles of the classical law of waqf according to the four Sunni schools of law. It serves as the basis for later discussion and argumentation. The origin of the law of waqf is also discussed in this chapter. Chapter Two focuses on the constituent elements of waqf. It then analyzes the conditions for the validity of the founder of a waqf, the subject of a waqf, the object of a waqf and the declaration of waqf as provided by the classical jurists. Part Two comprises two chapters, i.e. Chapter Three and Chapter Four. Chapter Three discusses the office of the administrator of a waqf (nazir). It explores the discussion of the jurists regarding the role of the administrator of a waqf as well as his limit and power in the classical law. Chapter Four discusses the methods of maintenance and mobilization of waqf property. In tackling both parts a comparative approach has been taken, i.e., a comparison between the four sunni schools in matters concerning the principles of the schools in the classical Islamic law of waqf.

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37

Van, der Merwe Johannes Lodewicus. "The church and transitional justice : a comparative ethical approach." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53072.

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The study uses transitional justice to explore the role of the Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa during processes of societal change and compares it with the Chilean Catholic Church during processes of societal change in Chile. A descriptive approach to Christian ethics is applied, and transitional justice is used as a theoretical instrument by means of which the comparison with the Chilean Catholic Church is systematised and focussed. Despite not applying the conventional normative approach to Christian ethics it seeks to contribute to the discipline by investigating the structure of Christian communities engagement in processes of political transition. The study is inductive in the sense that it uses transitional justice as an instrument by means of which to identify emerging themes. Transitional justice is a useful instrument as it encompasses both judicial and non-judicial elements. The Chilean Cathollic Church was chosen due to a number of reasons. The first is historical proximity: the Chilean totalitarian regime came to an end shortly before the end of apartheid regime of South Africa. The second is key socio-political correspondences, including importantly that Chile instituted a national truth and reconciliation commission from which South Africa drew much inspiration. Both churches utilized their structures in order to serve a struggling community. The difference came when the Dutch Reformed Church chose for the upliftment of a single ethnic group, namely the Afrikaner, and the Chilean Catholic Church kept the whole Chilean society in view. A second differing and defining factor was the Dutch Reformed Church aligning with a political party and a political ideology. In the context of the Dutch Reformed Church the focus on a single ethnic group lead to the development of an ideology based on the idea that the Afrikaner was predestined by God to bring God s light to Africa. The idea of predestination later developed into a pseudo-gospel where the members of this group believed that racial differentiation was a prerequisite for salvation. The pseudo-gospel, in the Dutch Reformed Church later influenced the church s comments on and suggestions regarding legislation such as mixed marriages, border control, geographical settlement and voting rights. The ecclesial reflection of the Chilean Catholic Church, on the other hand, resulted in a church focused on ministering to the needs of a greater society struggling under a dictatorship. The community suffered ubductions, unfair labour practices, poverty, torture and harsh living conditions. The Chilean Catholic Church ministered to these needs by establishing offices around the country rendering free social, welfare and judicial services. The Chilean Catholic Church further endeavoured to bring opposition parties into talks to end the time of the military dictatorship.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
tm2016
Dogmatics and Christian Ethics
PhD
Unrestricted

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38

Revi, Bhindu. "Novel approach to cancer therapeutics using comparative cancer biology." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28996.

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Developing personalized cancer therapies based on cancer genomics methodologies forms the basis for future cancer therapeutics. A genomics platform was developed based on canine cancer to produce a proof-of-concept for personalized genomics led therapeutic choices but also developing personalized therapeutics for canine cancer patients themselves. The platform identified the genetic state of a canine cancer patient within two drugable pathways; p53 and HSP90/IRF1. The former gene was wild-type p53 thus directing the use of p53 activating molecules. The latter mutations in both HSP90 and IRF1 suggested an investigation into HSP90 and interferon signalling molecules as drug leads. Drugs that target both of these pathways were subsequently used to measure drug effects in cell line models but also to identify novel biomarkers of drug responses. My study focused on the effect of the HSP90-inhibitor Ganetespib had on its client proteins, particularly IRF-1. Briefly my results indicated the following:(i) Ganetespib downregulated IRF-1 protein levels in A375 cell lines and this attenuation was not mediated by either MDM2 or CHIP (E3 ligase). IFNγ- induced IRF-1 was also observed to be downregulated when Ganetespib was used in combination therapy.(ii) Insitu proximity ligation assay showed induced HSC70 upregulation upon HSP90 inhibition by Ganetespib and HSC70/MDM2 complexes were seen to be stabilized compared to the usage of MDM2/p53 inhibitor-nutlin. I hypothesize that MDM2/HSC70 complex might chaperon IRF-1 into lysosome for degradation via chaperon mediated autophagy pathway. (iii) My results also indicate that Ganetespib can downregulate IFN γ- induced PDL-1 expression in melanoma cell lines. Pre-sensitizing the cells with Ganetespib prior to the addition of IFNγ could attenuate PDL-1 to basal levels. (iv) My results also showed that the downregulation of PDL-1 by Ganetespib is an IRF-1 dependent mechanism. Therefore, my results suggest that HSP90 represents an important emerging target for cancer therapy because its inactivation results in the simultaneous blockade of multiple signalling pathways and can also sensitize tumor cells to other anticancer agents. Targeting HSP90 could also help to disrupt PD1/PDL- 1 interaction and activate immune system to recognise tumor cells. I conclude that HSP90 and IRF-1 play a critical role in types II interferon pathways and these findings establish a novel basis for the design of future Ganetespib-based combinatorial approaches to improve patient outcomes in this disease. These approaches finally demonstrate that cancer genomics can stratify choice of cancer drugs used on patients but also provide evidence that cancer patient samples can be used for the specific stratification of cancer drug choice based on cancer genomics data.

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39

Brett, Benjamin Thomas. "A computational approach for comparative oncogenomics using mouse models." Diss., University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4582.

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Cancer is the second most common cause of death in the United States. It is a complex disease with environmental, genetic, and lifestyle factors influencing the likelihood of getting cancer and the development of any resulting tumor. Understanding the genetics of cancer is integral to developing novel patient-specific treatments. However, due to complexity, hundreds to thousands of tumors are required for sufficient power to identify the network of relationships among these genes. Animal models of cancer are commonly used to reduce cost and to control experimental variables allowing for more specific hypothesis testing. The Sleeping Beauty transposon mutagenesis system can be used to model cancer in mice. While the Sleeping Beauty mutagenesis system is an important tool in understanding cancer, it has specific computational needs. Experiments need to be analyzed in a fast, unbiased, and efficient manner. A computational method must also accurately model the system allowing for validation and interpretation. Here I present an updated Integration Analysis System and use this system to validate the assumptions present in forward genetic screens of cancer using the Sleeping Beauty. This system allows for rapid identification of cancer genes, but does not directly aid in understanding the relationship between the genes. Given the complexity of cancer, understanding the relationship between cancer genes is very difficult. I have created a connectedness network utilizing the STRING database to better derive an understanding of cancer genes. STRING is a database of known and predicted protein-protein interactions. The connectedness between pairs of genes is calculated using a network reliability metric. This database allows for increased power to detect known pathways when compared to STRING alone. Combining this connectivity network with the set of cancer genes identified by the Integration Analysis System is a strategy for rapid and efficient interpretation of the genetic results.

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40

BRAGA, PAIVA OREFICI JACQUELINE. "A Comparative International Approach to Value Measurement in Municipalities." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/243097.

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La ricerca si focalizza sulla tematica della misurazione della performance negli enti locali con la finalità di analizzare se e come i Performance Measurement Systems elaborati nella dottrina e nella prassi, mettono in evidenza il valore pubblico creato. Molti interventi legislativi sono stati emanati al fine di migliorare la capacità delle pubbliche amministrazioni ad adempiere la propria funzione istituzionale coerente con il contesto in cui operano. Le esperienze che altri paesi hanno vissuto, specialmente anglosassoni, hanno posto interrogativi e suggestioni, tuttora oggetto di dibattito in dottrina. Da un lato, i principi ispiratori della riforma sono stati declinati in diversi paesi con differenti set. D'altro, c'è il problema dell'efficacia dei sistemi in questione come strumento di miglioramento, riguardo alla forza della base teorica e l'uso di questi sistemi. Dal punto di vista metodologico, la ricerca si è basata su un metodo deduttivo, in un secondo momento, in accordo con l’approccio tipico dell’Economia Aziendale, si è ritenuto utile procedere induttivamente tramite lo studio dei sistemi di misurazione delle performance adottati in alcuni enti locali di comuni Brasiliani ed Italiani. Il confronto tra i paesi consente di ottenere informazioni interessanti su come i processi di riforma adottati, che si ponevano l’obiettivo di introdurre le logiche e strumenti delle aziende in ambito pubblico, siano stati attuati e quali risultati siano stati ottenuti nel particolare ambito dello strumento. Il percorso metodologico delineato, parte dalla sistematizzazione teorico-scientifico attraverso contributi degli economisti aziendali Italiani, Brasiliani ed Internazionali. I risultati emersi della ricerca in campo sono considerati un aspetto centrale per lo sviluppo di un sistema di misurazione della performance in ambito pubblico. Il lavoro propone un indicatore di Reale Efficienza e possibili linee di sviluppo dei Sistemi di Misurazione della Performance.
The research focuses on the issue of performance measurement in local government with the aim to analyze whether and how the Performance Measurement Systems developed in doctrine and practice, demonstrate the public value created. Many legislative measures have been emanated in order to improve the capacity of public authorities to fulfill their institutional function coherent with the context in which they operate. The experiences that other countries lived, especially Anglo-Saxons, have placed questions and suggestions, still subject of debate in literature. On the one hand, the principles underlying the reform were declined in different countries with different sets. On the other hand there is the problem of the efficacy of the systems in question as a tool for improvement, in relation to the strength of the theoretical basis and the use of these systems. From the methodological point of view, the research was based on a deductive method, posteriorly in accordance with the typical approach of Business Administration, it was considered useful to proceed inductively through the study of performance measurement systems adopted in some local authorities of Brazilian and Italian municipalities. The comparison between countries allows for interesting information about how the reform processes adopted, that put the goals of introducing the logic and instruments of companies in the public sector, if have been implemented and what results have been obtained in the specific context of the instrument. The methodology delineated, starts from the theoretical and scientific systematization through contributions of the scholars Italian, Brazilian and international. The results that emerged in the research field are considered a central aspect for the development of a system of performance measurement in the public sector. The study proposes an indicator of Royal Efficiency and possible lines of development of the Performance Measurement Systems.

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41

PICCOLO, KATHERINE. "STITCHING A SUSTAINABLE FASHION INDUSTRY: A COMPARATIVE LEGAL APPROACH." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/932506.

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Nel corso degli anni gli esseri umani hanno trasformato le foreste verdi in foreste di cemento. E più ci “sviluppiamo”, più la natura scompare. Di fatto, è diventato sempre più evidente che l’industria è la causa principale del problema della sostenibilità, e, in particolare, l’industria della moda è uno dei maggiori inquinatori del mondo. Se le aziende esistono e operano in virtù della legislazione nazionale del loro stato di incorporazione, allora ci si domanda: cosa stanno facendo (o non facendo) i governi per determinare una trasformazione sostenibile dell’industria? Quindi, questo lavoro si propone di analizzare gli approcci dei due maggiori mercati dell’industria della moda (Stati Uniti ed Europa) in prospettiva comparativa, con particolare attenzione agli aspetti legali, per discutere le opportunità e le sfide presentate dalle diverse strategie di sviluppo.
Over the years, humans have transformed green forests into concrete ones. And the more we “develop”, the more nature disappears. In fact, it has become increasingly evident that industry is a root cause of the sustainability problem – and the fashion industry is one of the world’s top polluters. If companies exist and function by virtue of the national legislation of their state of incorporation, then this begs the question: what are governments doing (or not doing) to cause sustainable industry transformation? Hence, this dissertation will analyze the approaches of the fashion industry’s two largest markets (the United States and Europe) from a comparative legal perspective to discuss the opportunities and challenges presented by the varying development strategies.

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42

Masunaga, Shuichi S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "A comparative study of real options valuation methods : economics-based approach vs. engineering-based approach." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42019.

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Thesis (S.M. in Real Estate Development)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2007.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 74-76).
It has been expected that the option valuation theory will play a much more significant role in the real estate analysis. However, potentially because of the need for understanding the advanced financial theories, the real options analysis has not been fully used in the real world. In order to attack this problem, it is highly desired to create a more practical and easily understandable calculation model for valuing flexibility. With the increasing computational power of today, an interesting approach to valuing flexibility arises from the field of engineering systems. This approach does not require the understanding of advanced financial theories, and aims to assess the value of flexibility built into the project design. Although the perspective of this approach may be slightly different from that of traditional real options valuation approach, this approach might be an alternative method as a simpler model for valuing flexibility. The comparative study of the economics-based approach and the engineering-based approach revealed that the latter approach has one critical problem in estimating the value of flexibility; the usage of a single risk-adjusted discount rate leads to either underestimation or overestimation of the real options value. Based on the results of a case study, this thesis proposes to use the engineering-based approach together with the economics-based approach. With its ability of comprehensive analysis and graphic presentation, the engineering-based approach has a great probability to make it easier for average practitioners to intuitively understand the value of flexibility.
by Shuichi Masunaga.
S.M.in Real Estate Development

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43

Mustafayev, Emil. "The Application Of Ias/ifrs In Azerbaijan, A Comparative Approach." Thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611000/index.pdf.

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The purpose of the study is to illustrate to the management of entities and professionals who are against the application of IAS/IFRS in Azerbaijan why it is essential to adopt IAS/IFRS. The thesis aims to provide differences of current accounting policies and procedures applied by those entities from IAS/IFRS and justify the application of IAS/IFRS. The thesis provides benefits associated with the adoption of IFRS/IAS, and illustrates the problems that may be faced by the management of entities.

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44

Shirani, Faradonbeh Alireza. "The seller's duties in sale of goods : a comparative approach." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27381.

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The purpose of this thesis is to discuss and compare a seller's duties with respect to delivery and quality of the goods sold under specified national systems namely English, United States (US), French and Iranian law as well as the Vienna Convention for International Sale of Goods 1980 (CISC). The thesis consists of an introduction and two parts. Part 1 consists of 5 chapters each of which is respectively devoted to the discussion of the seller's duty to deliver under one of the aforesaid legal systems. This discussion covers a variety of issues such as modes of delivery, time of delivery, place of delivery, quantity of the goods delivered, breach of the duty to deliver by the seller and his right to remedy the breach both before and after expiry of the time for delivery. The discussion goes on to deal with the issue of the buyer's remedies for breach of the contract by the seller including his right to reject the goods or to revoke his acceptance of the goods, to apply for damages on the basis of "cover" or "contract-market" differential price formula, and to demand compensation for incidental and/or consequential damages caused by the breach. The discussion will end by considering the aggrieved buyer's chance to acquire an order from the court requiring the seller to specifically perform the contract under aforegoing systems. Part 2 of this thesis contains 6 chapters. The first chapter of this part concerns the seller's duty as to quality of the goods under the English system and examines the problems arising from both the express warranties and the implied warranties imposed by the law. The same discussion will follow in chapters 2-5 which has been allocated respectively to US, French, Iranian law, and the CISG. Finally, the thesis will end with chapter 6 which is allocated to the issue of conclusion of the foregoing discussions.

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45

O'Sullivan, Eóin P. "A comparative approach to social learning from the bottom up." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/22956.

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The aim of this thesis is to examine the cognitive processes of social learning from the bottom up. In the field of comparative psychology, an overemphasis on understanding complex cognitive processes in nonhuman animals (e.g. empathy, imitation), may be detrimental to the study of simpler mechanisms. In this thesis, I report five studies of simple cognitive processes related to social learning. A series of experiments with human children and capuchin monkeys (Sapajus sp.), examined action imitation and identified a possible role for associative learning in the development of this ability. An analysis of observational data from captive capuchins explored a number of lesser-studied social learning phenomena, including behavioural synchrony, the neighbour effect, and group-size effects. The results of this study emphasise the importance of exploring behaviour at a number of levels to appreciate the dynamic nature of social influence. Two final experiments examined social contagion in capuchin monkeys, and highlight the importance of describing the relationship between behaviour and emotion to properly understand more complex social cognition. Together, these studies demonstrate how approaching human and nonhuman behaviour from the bottom up, as well as from the top down, can contribute to a better comparative science of social learning.

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46

Grimshaw, Lucinda Celia. "Population movements into Europe during the Pleistocene : a comparative approach." Thesis, Durham University, 2004. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3045/.

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This thesis concerns the movement of hominid groups into Europe during the Pleistocene. Four key issues are addressed by this project: the determination of whether it is possible to detect periods of movement in the archaeological record; the examination of whether archaeological treatments of movement have been justified; the establishment of a framework of interpretation of the archaeological record of movement in order to allow movement processes to be investigated; and the exploration of possible changes in the nature of population movements during the Pleistocene. In order to fulfill these aims, and to overcome the lack of a comparative ethnographic record of hunter-gatherer population expansion, a review of population movement processes described by academic disciplines that observe dispersals and migrations of human groups and non-human species, such as ecology, sociology and geography is presented. The processes highlighted by this review are used to build an interpretive framework of the behaviours associated with movement. The current state of archaeological knowledge of movement processes is discussed, in the form of a narrative analysis of the work of four archaeologists that have extensively worked on hominid dispersals. A methodology for the study of population movement processes in the Pleistocene is forwarded, and applied to the initial occupation of Europe during the Early and Middle Pleistocene, and the spread of Homo sapiens groups and the Upper Palaeolithic during the Late Pleistocene. The strength of the interpretive framework, and the usefulness of the concepts taken from contemporary observations of movements are considered, and the value of the archaeological approaches to the episodes of movement is evaluated. The interpretive framework is also used to assess whether social or biological models are more applicable to Pleistocene hominid movements. Recommendations for future studies of past population movements through the archaeological record conclude the thesis.

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47

Psarras, Alkiviadis C. "Trade mark licensing in England and Greece : a comparative approach." Thesis, University of Kent, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358920.

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48

Kaplanis, Costas. "A new comparative approach to the Byzantine economy (900-1200AD)." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427672.

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49

Bellardi, Marco. "The cinematic mode in twentieth-century fiction : a comparative approach." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8567/.

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This study deals with the influence of film form in fiction in terms of narrative discourse, focusing on issues of genre, narration, temporality, and the imitation of cinematic techniques. It provides a theoretical analysis of different methodologies (intermediality theory, semiotics, narratology, genre theory) which are useful to assess how a cinematic dimension has found a place in literary writing. This research, in particular, puts forth the idea of a 'para-cinematic narrator', a 'flattening of the narrative relief', and a 'para-cinematic narrative contract' as constitutive items of strongly cinematised fiction. These three theoretical items are subsumed in the concept of 'cinematic mode in fiction', which describes a distillation of characteristics of the film form on the written page. This research therefore represents a theoretical attempt to demonstrate how the cinematic component integrates the stylistic and generic traits of novels and short stories relating to different periods, styles and genres of the twentieth century. The proposed theoretical model is tested on a corpus of American, French, and, especially, Italian case studies. The remediation of film that emerges from these texts points to a complex interconnection between cinema and literature which still requires full acknowledgment in literary history.

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50

Alsulami, Abeer S. "Comparative constructions in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) : an HPSG approach." Thesis, University of Essex, 2018. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/22326/.

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The aim of this thesis is to provide a description of comparative constructions in Modern Standard Arabic (henceforth MSA) and develop an analysis for some of the facts framed within Head - driven Phrase Structure Grammar (henceforth, HPSG). To the best of my knowledge, MSA comparative constructions have not been addressed before but present an interesting challenge for Arabic and general linguistics. MSA has simple and complex comparatives, which look rather like their counterparts in many other languages. Simple comparatives are indeed like those of other languages, in that it involves adjectives with a distinctive form and semantics and an extra PP complement. Complex comparatives, however, are quite different. They involve an adjective with a nominal complement, which may be an adjectival maṣdar (known in English as adjectival noun) or an ordinary noun, and are rather like so-called 'adjectival constructs'. Complex comparatives in English and many other languages might be analysed as involving periphrasis, where a slot in a paradigm is filled not by a single word but by a pair of words. My analysis, however, argues that MSA complex comparative construction is not a case of periphrasis. Instead, it is an independent construction that expresses the meaning that would otherwise be expressed by certain missing forms. Simple comparatives, complex comparatives, and adjectival constructs can all be analysed with lexical rules within HPSG. With a 'real' nominal comparative that quantifies a noun, the thesis shows that in MSA kutubun ʔakṯar 'more books' and kutubun ʔaḥsan 'better books' are syntactically essentially the same in which we have nouns with an attributive adjective. The thesis also shows that MSA has both ordinary clausal comparatives and phrasal comparatives. The former is introduced only by maa and involves adjectival and nominal gaps and adverbial gaps in subcomparative cases and the latter is introduced by free relatives maa , man and allḏai and have either nominal gaps or resumptives. It was also shown that maa comparatives with nominal gaps are ambiguous and can be either a clausal or a phrasal complement.

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