Дисертації: "Communist resistance"

1

Chan, Gordon Yiu Ming. "The Communist resistance movement in war-torn Guangdong, China, 1937-1945." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2001. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28792/.

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This doctoral dissertation traces the origins of the East River and the Hainan Base Areas, which were established by the Chinese Communist Party in Guangdong during the Anti-Japanese War (1937-45) and explains why they failed to achieve the kind of dramatic expansion as did their northern counterparts. As the case of the East River Base Area demonstrates, the major problem which confronted the Party was the limited scope of Japanese occupation. The absence of widespread political anarchy on the Guangdong mainland did not only trigger much initial debate among Party leaders over the possibility of guerrilla mobilisation but also imposed severe constraints on local attempts to construct Communist bases. In Hainan, although the political-military situation was more favourable, the Party's plan of developing the island into a Communist stronghold in South China still ended up in a merely theoretical construct. Among those important factors which contributed to its frustration were inadequate resources at the Party's disposal, the loss of radio communication between Hainan and the Party Centre in Yan'an, the intense Japanese "mopping-up" campaigns and the island's age-long Li-Han racial conflict. It was not until mid-1944 that the Japanese Ichigo offensive created in Guangdong an environment conducive to the reduplication of the Communist expansion in the north. Unfortunately, this extensive enemy occupation came to the province too late and was too short. Japan's sudden surrender in August 1945 thwarted Mao Zedong's ambitious efforts of combining the Communist bases in Central and South China. By examining the reasons for the underdevelopment of the two southern bases, this study raises some important questions about the Communist wartime movement such as the limits of Mao's model of base construction and the need of a dynamic balance between central supervision and local initiatives for achieving the Communist revolution.

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2

Ammirato, Piero. "From resistance to the historic compromise : the evolution of the Italian Communist Party /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09ara519.pdf.

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3

Bergin, Cathy. "Resistance and reaction : Black American fictional representations of the Communist Party, 1940-1952." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402678.

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The thesis is an investigation into representations of the Communist Party in black American fiction from 1940 to 1952. The focal texts are Richard Wright's Native Son (1940), Chester Himes's Lonely Crusade (1947) and Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man (1952). I examine the impact of Communism on a generation of black writers and consider how black identity in the novels is constructed in relation to the political ideology of the Communist Party. Placing the novels in their socio-historical context I take issue with many of the literary-critical assumptions about the "anti- Communism" of the three novels and focus rather on the historically specific nature of their engagement with the Communist Party. I argue that where negative Communist Party fictional representation is apparent, Communism is not dismissed as incapable of meeting the demands of black political identity but castigated for its refusal to do so. A detailed focus on the political milieu in which these texts operate therefore challenges many of the presumptions, about the "inability" of Communism to comprehend racial oppression, which dominate literary critical approaches to these novels. The textual analysis of the three novels which follows is informed by the complex formations of black political agency presumed and reproduced by American Communism during the Depression

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4

Meaney, Mary C. "Resistance and political change in southwest France : a case study of Vienne, Charente, Haute Vienne and Dordogne." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339066.

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5

Plamadeala, Cristina. "Methods and motivations behind the collaboration and resistance of secret informers with the Securitate in Communist Romania (1945-89)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0099.

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Les travaux de recherche pour la présente thèse s’appuient en grande partie sur les dossiers de la Securitate, conservés au Conseil national pour l’étude des archives de la Securitate, à Bucarest et à Popesti-Leordeni, en Roumanie. Ces travaux visent à expliquer les divers mécanismes de terreur mis en œuvre par la Securitate, la police secrète roumaine sous l’ère communiste, dans le but de recruter parmi la population des personnes pour alimenter son réseau de surveillance. Bien qu’examinant l’ensemble de la période communiste en Roumanie, la thèse se penche en particulier sur les deux dernières décennies du régime, durant le règne de Nicolae Ceauşescu, de 1965 à 1989, et introduit comme outils d’étude les notions de psuchegraphy et de dossierveillance, deux néologismes pour désigner les méthodes coercitives appliquées par la Securitate dans le but d’enrôler des informateurs et de s’assurer de leur collaboration. Le concept de psuchegraphy recouvre la collecte de données biographiques, permettant de consigner dans les dossiers de la Securitate suffisamment d’indices sur la personnalité, le caractère et les convictions profondes de personnes ciblées afin de cerner leurs points vulnérables et les forcer ensuite à une collaboration. Les présentes recherches démontrent que ce type d’analyse servait en quelque sorte de prélude au recrutement des membres du réseau de surveillance de la Securitate. Le concept dit de dossierveillance met en lumière le rôle de la technologie et de la documentation lié aux pratiques de surveillance pour le recrutement des informateurs et l’instauration d’un climat de terreur pour assurer le contrôle des populations. La composante dossier dans dossierveillance, amplement expliquée dans ces pages comme la technologie employée par la Securitate dans l’exercice de la surveillance de personnes ciblées, fut l’un des outils « disciplinaires » (Foucault 1975) les plus efficaces pour entretenir la crainte et de suspicion. Ces travaux présentent également les conséquences de l’application de tels mécanismes sur une nation, un phénomène appelé ici la banalisation du mal, d’après le concept de la banalité du mal avancé par Hannah Arendt dans son œuvre. Enfin, ce travail permet de revisiter le sujet de la lustration et de la justice transitionnelle, et d’examiner comment les nouvelles avancées universitaires énoncées dans ses pages peuvent contribuer à mieux comprendre et traiter le sujet de la collaboration en Roumanie dans un contexte postcommuniste
Working primarily with Securitate files, currently stored at the National Council for the Study of Securitate Archives (CNSAS), located in Bucharest and Popesti-Leordeni, Romania, this thesis explains the various terror mechanisms the Securitate, Romania’s secret police during the country’s communist period, employed in order to gain recruits and employ them as part of its surveillance network. Although the thesis discusses the entire communist period in Romania, it places significant emphasis on the last two decades of communism (1965-89), when Nicolae Ceauşescu was in power. This thesis introduces and discusses the following two concepts— psuchegraphy and dossierveillance—described herein as two terror methods applied by the Securitate to obtain informers and compel them to collaborate. The former mentioned concept entailed collecting biographical data Securitate’s targets that would give one sufficient clues about a person’s core beliefs, personality, character, and identity, all with the scope of getting to know that which Securitate referred to in its files as a person’s vulnerable points. This thesis shows that this kind of analysis was a precursor to recruitment of the members of the Securitate’s surveillance network. The latter aforemetioed method of terror stresses the role of technology and documentation in surveillance practices and their use for recruitment of informers and management of the population by maintaining it in a sense of dread and fear. The ‘dossier in dossierveillance, loosely defined in this thesis as the technology that the Securitate employed to place its targets under surveillance, represented one of the Securitate’s most effective “disciplinary” tools (Foucault 1975) through which it managed to instill fear in people. This thesis also describes the outcome of enforcing such mechanisms on a nation, amassing to a phenomenon described here as the banalization of evil, a term that builds on the work of Hannah Arendt on the banality of evil. Lastly, this thesis revists the subject of lustration and transitional justice and explores how the new scholarship discussed in the thesis may further contribute to understanding and treating the subject of collaboration in a post-communist context in Romania

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6

Bruce, Gary. "Resistance in the Soviet Occupied ZoneGerman Democratic Republic, 1945-1955." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35663.

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The following study traces the history of fundamental political resistance to Communism in the Soviet Occupied Zone/German Democratic Republic from 1945 to 1955. The two most tangible manifestations of this form of resistance are dealt with: actions of members of the non-Marxist parties before being co-opted into the Communist system, and the popular uprising on 17 June 1953. In both manifestations, the state's abuse of basic rights of its citizens---such as freedom of speech and personal legal security---played a dominant role in motivation to resist.
This study argues that the 17 June uprising was an act of fundamental resistance which aimed to remove the existing political structures in the German Democratic Republic. By examining the Soviet Occupied Zone and German Democratic Republic from 1945 to 1955, it becomes clear that there existed in the population a basic rejection of the Communist system which was entwined with the regime's disregard for basic rights. Protestors on 17 June 1953 demonstrated for the release of political prisoners, and voiced political demands similar to those which had been raised by oppositional members of the non-Marxist parties in the German Democratic Republic prior to their being forced into line. The organized political resistance in the non-Marxist parties represented "Resistance with the People" (Widerstand mit Volk).

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7

Goretti, Leo. "Young partisans and Ragazzi con la maglietta a strisce Communist Youth in Italy between the resistance and July 1960 : a study and generational study." Thesis, University of Reading, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558760.

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The thesis deals with the history of the youth organisations of the Italian Communist Party (PC!) and the experiences of their militants in the period between the Antifascist Resistance (1943-1945) and the riots against the Tambroni government (1960). The first chapter is concerned with issues of a political-organisational nature, such as the relationship between the adult Party and its offshoot youth networks - most notably, the Frante della Gioventu and the Federazione Giovanile Comunista Italiana. The policies and the activities implemented by the latter are extensively discussed. The second chapter analyses the educational thought of the most prominent Italian Communist leaders (Antonio Gramsci, Palmiro Togliatti, Enrico Berlinguer). It also examines the views, values and moral qualities that the Communist movement strove to pass on to its young cadres and activists, and the variety of educational means (namely, the Party schools and press) to which it resorted. The third chapter focuses on the policies and the organisations that were specifically geared to young women. In addition, it discusses the education regarding love and sex that was fostered within the Communist youth organisations, and the ideas of masculinity, femininity and morality that were inherent in it. The fourth and final chapter endeavours to outline the identities and mentality of the different generations of Communist militants who were politically socialised in the early post-war period. The thesis draws on a variety of sources, such as documents of the PC! and the Italian National Archives, a number of Communist magazines and pamphlets, sociological surveys, memoirs of, and interviews with, former militants.

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8

Mattos, Andre Luiz Rodrigues de Rossi [UNESP]. "Radicalismo de esquerda e anticomunismo radical: a União Nacional dos Estudantes entre 1945 e 1964." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93354.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-06-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:13:42Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 mattos_alrr_me_assis_parcial.pdf: 112374 bytes, checksum: 921e0a4bbe18520a0b1ee53c1ea61c9a (MD5)
Em diferentes períodos, a União Nacional dos Estudantes (UNE) esteve em evidência no cenário político brasileiro, envolvida, como participante ou protagonista, em temas e movimentos que agitaram a sociedade brasileira. Entretanto, o papel que essa entidade desempenhou em nome do movimento universitário nesses cenários não pode ser entendido como expressões militantes de um movimento suspenso ou desconexo das disputas em torno de determinadas demandas, homogêneo, destituído de cisões, disputas e predominâncias políticas e ideológicas que grupos, organizações e partidos exerceram um sobre outros no seu interior e no conjunto das suas relações. Assim, é possível identificar a atuação de diferentes forças políticas na UNE e movimento universitário, forças essas que intervieram de modo organizado em defesa de suas crenças e repertórios. Dentre essas, destacam-se os jovens comunistas, os udenistas, socialistas, católicos e anticomunistas radicais, grupos, organizações e partidos que contribuíram ou se opuseram aos repertórios predominantes na atuação da UNE. A partir dessas identificações, o objetivo do presente estudo é analisar a atuação da União Nacional dos Estudantes (UNE) entre os anos de 1945 e de 1964, com ênfase nas forças políticas que atuaram no interior do movimento universitário e que disputaram espaços para que pudessem se expressar por meio das entidades estudantis, o que em última instância se considerou como maneiras de legitimar práticas e crenças expressas nos repertórios sugeridos ao conjunto do movimento
In different periods, the National Union of Students (UNE, in Portuguese) was evident in the political scene, involved as a participant or protagonist in themes and movements that shook Brazilian society. However the role played by this entity in name of the university movement in these scenarios cannot be understood as militant expressions of a suspended or disconnected from disputes movement around certain demands, or as a homogeneous, destitute of scission, disputes and political and ideological predominance team that other groups, organizations and parties exerted one over the others inside of the group and in all their relationships. Thus it is possible to identify the role of different political forces in UNE and in the university movement and these forces intervened in an organized way in defense of their beliefs and repertoires. Among all of these we highlight the young communists, the udenistas, socialists, Catholics and radical anti-communists, groups, organizations and parties that contributed to or opposed to the predominant repertoires in UNE actions. From these identifications, the objective of this study is to analyze the performance of the National Union of Students between the years 1945 and 1964, with emphasis on groups, organizations and parties who acted inside the university movement and disputed areas so that they could express themselves by means of student organizations, which ultimately was considered as ways of legitimizing practices and beliefs expressed in the repertoires suggested to the whole movement

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9

Le, Roux Cornelius Johannes Brink. "Umkhonto we Sizwe its role in the ANC's onslaught against white domination in South Africa, 1961-1988 /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 1992. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06232009-103157.

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10

Bernardinis, Silvia de. "O programa econômico dos comunistas na Itália nos governos de unidade nacional (1943-1947)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8137/tde-03092013-092459/.

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A presente dissertação tem como objeto a análise das propostas de política econômica do Partido comunista italiano de 1943 a 1947. O período analisado marca a transição do regime fascista à construção da república democrática e representa a única experiência de governo do partido ao longo de sua história. A partir do debate sobre o capitalismo italiano desenvolvido pelo partido, a pesquisa buscou identificar algumas das razões que originaram o fracasso de sua ação nos governos de unidade nacional num dos períodos que, por outro lado, registrou um forte enraizamento social do partido. Destacou-se, principalmente, o instrumental teórico subjacente à estratégia adoptada pelos comunistas italianos neste período, a democracia progressiva, como instrumento privilegiado para realizar a via italiana ao socialismo, uma alternativa ao processo revolucionário da Rússia de 1917 e ao mesmo tempo não assimilável à tradição da socialdemocracia europeia. Buscou-se detectar os entraves e as aporias teóricas que tal estratégia colocou na atuação governamental do partido, em particular no que diz respeito à elaboração de duas substanciais reformas, agrária e industrial. Identificou-se no moderantismo do partido a incapacidade de formular mantendo-se dentro da teoria marxista, mas ao mesmo tempo afastando-se do socialismo soviético um claro projeto econômico alternativo às propostas e projetos de reformas de tipo keynesiano que no mesmo período outros países europeus experimentavam.
This dissertation focuses the analysis on economic policy proposals of the Italian Communist Party from 1943 to 1947. The sample period marks the transition from the Fascist regime to the construction of a democratic republic and represent the only government experience of the party throughout its history. From the debate about capitalism development by the Italian party, the survey tried to identify some of the reasons that led to the failure of his action in national unity governments in a period, on the other hand, that recorded a strong social roots of the party. The survey highlighted mainly the theoretical tool underlying the strategy adopted by the Italian Communists in this period, the \"progressive democracy\" as a privileged instrument to perform the \"italian way to socialism\", an alternative to the revolutionary process of russian 1917 and at the same time different from the tradition of European social democracy. We attempted to detect obstacles and theoretical aporias that such a strategy put in the party´s performance in the government implementation, in particular with regard to the development of two substantial reforms, the agrarian and industrial ones. The research identified in the \"moderantismo\" party\'s the inability to formulate in a marxist theory perspective, but at the same time moving away from Soviet socialism - a clear alternative economic project to keynesian proposals and reform projects type that in the same period other European countries were experiencing.

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11

Campo, Silvina. "Le PCF et les usages du passé résistant (1944-1974)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010587.

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Les usages politiques du passé de la Résistance sont au cœur de cette thèse. Cette recherche n’entend donc pas se centrer sur la Résistance au sens strict, mais sur les formes d’instrumentalisation de ce passé, au sein d’un groupe : le Parti Communiste Français. Parmi les passés choisis par le PCF, la Résistance occupe une place déterminante, en raison du réel engagement communiste dans l’armée des ombres, ainsi qu’en raison du brevet de patriotisme qu’elle offrait à une formation créditée d’une fidélité aveugle à Moscou. La participation des communistes à l’épopée résistante leur a permis de reconquérir de la crédibilité et de consolider leur position dans un espace public où ils risquaient d’être disqualifiés en raison des positions adoptées par le parti en 1939-1941. La pluralité des significations attachées à ce passé et la fluidité des interprétations attribuées ont permis l’adaptation à la réalité dans laquelle agissaient les communistes. Ainsi, il a été possible de répondre aux objectifs divers que s’assignait le PCF. La période étudiée s’ouvre en 1944, avec la libération d’une grande partie du territoire français, même si la guerre n’est alors pas finie. L’étude s’achève avec l’année 1974, date significative que signale le XXXème anniversaire de la Libération dans le contexte national de la fin des Trente Glorieuses
The political exploitation of its involvement in the resistance movement is the subject of this thesis. The objective of this study is not the Resistance per se but how it was used for political purposes by the French Communist Party. The Resistance is an essential period for the FCP not only because of its real involvement in the Resistance movement but also because this involvement was used to hide its blind alliance to Moscow. The involvement of the FCP in the Resistance allowed it to regain credibility and to strengthen its position in despite the errors committed between 1939 and 1941. The multiple interpretations and exploitations of its involvement in the Resistance were adapted by the party according to its political objectives and needs in any given moment. The historical period of this research begin in 1944 with the Liberation and ends in 1974, the 30th Anniversary of this date

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12

Alloy, Phillip C. "The Role of Jewish Women as Primary Organizers of the Minsk Ghetto Resistance During the World War II German Occupation." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1372291273.

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13

Bruinsma, Nienke. "Antibiotic resistance in the community." [Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 2002. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=7242.

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14

Sweet, Catherine. "Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA): A Retrospective Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance in an HIV Population and a Neighboring Health Care Facility in Tucson, Arizona." The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624662.

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Class of 2006 Abstract
1College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona 2El Rio Special Immunology Associates Objectives: To compare antibiotic resistance patterns of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) in HIV patients and the general population. We hypothesized that CA- MRSA strains in HIV patients may show a decreased susceptibility to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) because of its widespread use for prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in this population. Methods: Susceptibility reports for all Staphylococcus aureus isolates collected between November 1, 2004 and November 1, 2005 from Special Immunology Associates (SIA), an HIV clinic, and the neighboring Carondelet St. Mary’s Hospital Emergency Center (SMH) were analyzed. Results: Twenty-five cases in HIV patients at SIA (Mean age 40, Race: 21 Caucasian, 4 Hispanic) and 102 cases at SMH (Mean age 37, Race: 45 Caucasian, 34 Hispanic, 12 Native American, 8 African American) were identified as CA-MRSA. More than 95% of patients presented with skin infections and a seasonal peak was identified between June and October. No cases of TMP/SMX resistance were found at either institution despite the fact that 40% of the SIA patients with CA-MRSA had been exposed to TMP/SMX for PCP prophylaxis in the past. Susceptibility varied between SIA and SMH, with significant differences in susceptibility to tetracycline (57% vs. 86%, p<0.001) and levofloxacin (38% vs. 60%, p < 0.001). Erythromycin resistance in both institutions was greater than 90%. Conclusions: All CA-MRSA isolates from an HIV clinic and a neighboring health care facility were susceptible to TMP/SMX. HIV patients with CA-MRSA did not show a decrease in susceptibility to TMP/SMX, despite its routine use for prophylaxis in this population.

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15

Rose, Timothy Richard. "Rural Resistance and Fracking: The Impact of Community Expectations on Resistance Formation." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent14932082410701.

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16

Rosell, Mariana Rodrigues. "\'Ator sem consciência é bobo da corte\': frentismo cultural e realismo crítico na dramaturgia brasileira de matriz comunista, 1973-1979." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-25092018-123701/.

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Este trabalho analisa quatro peças brasileiras dos anos 1970: Um grito parado no ar (Gianfrancesco Guarnieri, 1973), Rasga coração (Oduvaldo Vianna Filho, 1974), Gota dágua (Chico Buarque e Paulo Pontes, 1975) e O último carro (João das Neves, 19641967-1976). Escritas por diferentes dramaturgos, essas peças são representantes de um projeto de teatro que se constituiu na década de 1970, marcado pelas tentativas de retomada dos palcos brasileiros com uma dramaturgia cujas principais características são a valorização da palavra como eixo estruturante das peças, o investimento na busca por uma síntese formal de acordo com a matéria histórica a ser representada e a reafirmação do compromisso com o engajamento. A análise das peças permitiu identificar a forte presença de elementos da cultura política comunista e a proximidade de seu discurso com o projeto político do Partido Comunista Brasileiro (PCB), o que permitiu caracterizá-las como dramaturgia de matriz comunista. As tentativas de retomada dos palcos se deram através de um processo de avaliação da prática teatral no qual os dramaturgos reafirmaram alguns dos pressupostos que haviam tido no horizonte de sua escrita dramatúrgica até então, ao mesmo tempo em que tentaram abandonar outros. Tentando deixar de lado o idealismo com que haviam lido a realidade brasileira e a teleologia revolucionária com que haviam representado os personagens populares, esses dramaturgos não abandonaram a defesa de uma estratégia de resistência ao regime militar através de uma frente ampla pela redemocratização. O frentismo, porém, surge reconfigurado, tendo seu foco deslocado de uma frente policlassista para uma frente entre membros de uma mesma classe social cujas estratégias de ação política divergiam. A busca por uma síntese formal sugere a constituição de uma \"frente estética\" em que diferentes matrizes teóricas foram conjugadas, evidenciando a importância da pesquisa formal para o teatro engajado. No entanto, apesar dessas características convergentes, as peças não deixam de expressar tensões entre si e expõem os impasses e contradições que marcaram a modernização do Brasil nos anos 1970.
This work analyzes four brazilian plays from the 1970s: Um grito parado no ar (Gianfrancesco Guarnieri, 1973), Rasga coração (Oduvaldo Vianna Filho, 1974), Gota dágua (Chico Buarque e Paulo Pontes, 1975) and O último carro (João das Neves, 1964/1967-1976). Written by different playwrights, these plays are representative of a theatre project constituted in the 1970s, marked by attempts to retake brazilian stages with a dramaturgy whose main characteristics are the valorization of the word as the structuring axis of the plays, the investment in the search for a formal synthesis according to the historical matter to be represented and the reaffirmation of commitment to political engagement. The analysis of the plays allowed to identify the strong presence of elements of the communist political culture and the proximity of its discourse with the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB)s political project, which allowed to characterize them as dramaturgy of communist matrix. The attempts to retake the stage took place through a evaluation of theatrical practice in which the playwrights reaffirmed some of the assumptions they had had in the horizon of their dramaturgical writing until then, while attempting to abandon others. Trying to put aside the idealism with which they had read the Brazilian reality and the revolutionary teleology with which they had represented the popular characters, these playwrights did not abandon the defense of a strategy of resistance to the military regime through a front for redemocratization. But the front strategy appears reconfigured, with its focus shifting from a polyclassist front to a front among members of the same social class whose strategies for political action diverged. The search for a formal synthesis suggests the constitution of an \"aesthetic front\" in which different theoretical matrices were conjugated, evidencing the importance of the formal research for the engaged theater. However, despite these convergent characteristics, the plays express tensions among themselves and expose the impasses and contradictions that marked the modernization of Brazil in the 1970s.

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17

Ricks, Phillip. "A theory of resistance." Diss., University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5985.

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The dissertation attempts to answer the question of how to theorize resistance from within the philosophy of social science. To answer this question we must consider more than just the philosophy of social science; we also must look to political and moral philosophy. Resistance to the social norms of one’s community is possible to theorize from within the philosophy of social science once we develop a sufficiently nuanced account of social and moral communities (which involves identifying political and moral elements in community formation, reformation, and transformation), according to which membership in a community is not defined by sharing judgments, conceptual frameworks, or comprehensive worldviews, but by sharing terms of discourse so that discussion about judgments, conceptual frameworks, and comprehensive worldviews is possible. Understanding the structure of one’s moral community is not the same as to endorsing that structure. This suggests that contestation is already present within communities about what ‘we’ do, up to and including who ‘we’—as a ‘community’—are. Challenging communitarian understandings of what makes a community a community (usually construed as ‘cultures’, understood somewhat monolithically), I argue that communities are best understood as forming around common concerns or perceptions of problems (sometimes veridical, sometimes not). This contestation plays a major role in determining the identities of communities, and these identities are constantly shifting.

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18

Margarita, Martinez-Freeman Aida. "Education Doctoral Classrooms: A Community of Scholars or a Community of Resistance?" Diss., North Dakota State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/25858.

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19

Martinez-Freeman, Aida Margarita. "Education Doctoral Classrooms: A Community of Scholars or a Community of Resistance?" Diss., North Dakota State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/25939.

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Since its beginning, doctoral education has been designed to serve largely a White male student population, which has resulted in prescribed forms of scholar identity, teaching, and scholarship (Gardner, 2009; Berelson, 1960). This prescribed norm, mold, and fit persist today even as doctoral education continues to diversify its faculty and student populations. Acknowledging the White supremacy structure that is the academy begins to give room to questioning the prescribed scholar identity and the illusion of a scholar community. This disquisition examines the experiences of doctoral students in a mainstream education doctoral classroom through autoethnography, testimonios, and Photo Voice. In Chapter 2, I will utilize autoethnography to connect my personal narrative and reflections on my experiences early in education, and most recently, in the doctoral education classroom. In essence, autoethnography is my tool to let my wild tongue speak and create a space for counter narratives of doctoral students? experiences in the epicenter of White supremacy scholarship, the doctoral classroom. Chapter 3 examines the experiences of six doctoral students in the doctoral classrooms and how they have responded to the academic socialization and culture through the use of testimonios. Chapter 4 is a practitioner piece envisioning what a counter hegemonic pedagogy and curriculum would look like in doctoral education through the use of Photo Voice in a first-year doctoral student classroom. The dissertation concludes in Chapter 5 with a reflection on the doctoral classroom as a Third Space and future directions for research.

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20

Wilson, Lynne. "The investigation of the Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome elements and Ciprofloxacin resistance in community Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains isolated in Western Australia." Thesis, Curtin University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/566.

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In Western Australia, community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) continues to be a public health concern. Antibiotic resistance places additional burdens on the community and health-care systems. Updates in MRSA typing and molecular characterisation techniques have benefits in furthering understanding of the evolution and emergence of MRSA and ultimately result in improvements in the control and prevention of its spread. Molecular studies not only give an understanding of how MRSA evolve but enable typing to be improved so that isolates can be better identified and improvements made to their control and prevention of spread.Forty-five prototypes of CA-MRSA lineages isolated in Western Australia (WA) between 2003 and 2006 were used in this study and were provided by the Australian Collaborating Centre for Enterococcus and Staphylococcus Species (ACCESS) Typing and Research Unit, situated at PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, which is also associated with Curtin University, School of Biomedical Sciences, Molecular Genetics Research Unit in a joint collaboration.The polymorphic region of the staphylococcal protein A (spa) gene is considered a useful typing tool for differentiation of MRSA. A spa typing protocol was trialled in this study. To assess the method’s suitability for typing MRSA, all 45 isolates were tested to determine their spa type. Significant diversity was revealed with 28 different spa types identified. The spa type t002 was the most prevalent (7/45). Except for one isolate, which could not be typed, spa types correlated with the multi locus sequence typing (MLST) and clonal complex designations of the 45 CA-MRSA. A major outcome of this study has been the introduction of a standardised protocol for spa typing as a routine typing technique by the ACCESS Typing and Research Unit.Ciprofloxacin and other fluoroquinolones have restricted use in the community with their availability more accessible in hospitals and at the initiation of this study it was unusual to find ciprofloxacin resistance in CA-MRSA, however, eight of the prototype CA-MRSA possessed high-level ciprofloxacin resistance. This study therefore included an investigation of genetic mutations that result in resistance to ciprofloxacin in S. aureus. The subset of eight isolates were tested for mutations in the genes grlA, grlB, gyrA and gyrB. Sequence analysis revealed that all eight isolates contained point mutations resulting in amino acid changes at codon 80 in grlA and at codon 84 in gyrA. Additional mutations were seen in three of the eight isolates analysed. One isolate contained previously unreported mutations that may be associated with ciprofloxacin resistance. It was concluded that the CA-MRSA isolates could have developed resistance to ciprofloxacin when the patients may have received fluoroquinolones as a course of treatment for infection caused by other organisms such as Gram-negative bacteria.The staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) is a genomic resistance island found in MRSA and a primary typing target for their classification. The SCCmecs of a subset of eight of the 45 prototype CA-MRSA isolates that had novel classifications were analysed as part of this study. The novel classifications for four of the eight were resolved into already classified SCCmec types, three of them had novel sub-types, two remained novel and the SCC region of one, WA MRSA-40 was completely sequenced. The J regions of the SCCmec elements were found to be structurally heterogeneous leading to the conclusion that they are “hot spots” for recombination, rearrangement and acquisition of genetic information that enables adaptation for survival of the host cell in changing environments.The SCC region of WA MRSA-40 was found to be a composite genomic island named SCCmecWA MRSA-40-CI (GenBank Accession No JQ746621). The 72,522 bp SCCmecWA MRSA-40-CI, was found to be comprised of three elements, ΨSCCpls, SCCsorbitol and SCCmecVT (5C2&5) integrated in tandem into the attB site of the conserved hypothetical protein gene orfX. Each element was delineated by direct and inverted repeats. ΨSCCpls is 11,736 bp and was homologous to the ΔJ1 region of SCCmec type I which encodes a pls gene. SCCsorbitol is 19,497 bp, and encodes a sorbitol operon, type 1 restriction modification genes, and a ccrA2B2 gene complex together with seven open reading frames. This is the first time that a sorbitol operon has been reported in a SCC element and only the second time that a sorbitol operon has been reported in a staphylococcus, with it previously being found in S. carnosus. Acquisition of a sorbitol operon has been linked to dietary sorbitol usage. The SCCmec of WA MRSA-40 is 41,289 bp and is highly homologous with the SCCmec VT of the Taiwan strain PM1; it carries a class C2 mec complex and two ccrC1 gene complexes with ccrC1, alleles 8 and 2. An insertion sequence ISSau4-like was found in the J2 region. Polymorphisms that generated premature stop codons that would prevent transposase activity and stabilise the mec complex were detected in the sequences of the transposases of IS431L and IS431R that flank the mec region.In conclusion this study has provided important and relevant information on the utilisation of spa typing for routine typing, the genetics and emergence of ciprofloxacin resistance in CA-MRSA and the analysis of the SCCmec region and SCC elements of CA-MRSA, particularly WA MRSA-40.

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21

Kelly, Amanda. "Resistance to School Consolidation in a Rural Appalachian Community." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35391.

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School consolidation, which involves closing one or more schools and combining them into a single school, is a common phenomenon in rural Appalachian communities due to out-migration and lack of funding for public schools. When school consolidation occurs, the local school may be closed, or students from other communities may be bused to the school. Community residents, however, do not always agree with the decision to consolidate their local schools. When this disagreement occurs, residents may choose to participate in organized resistance activities to show their opposition, make their voices heard to local politicians and the media, and seek an alternative to the proposed consolidation.

This case study of school consolidation in one rural Appalachian county seeks to document and analyze the struggle in which community residents engaged in an effort to prevent local schools from being consolidated. Data was collected in the form of semi-structured interviews conducted with members and sympathizers of a resistance organization called TOPS. TOPS was formed in 2001 to oppose school consolidation, but its members were not successful in keeping their local schools open. Many schools in McDowell County have been consolidated or are scheduled to be consolidated in the near future. For example, Big Creek High School, which was at the center of many consolidation debates, will be closed in 2010. Its students will be bused to a new, consolidated high school.

I conducted interviews during fall 2006 and spring 2007 to determine community membersâ grievances concerning consolidation, to establish a narrative of their struggle against state government officials, and to provide a basis for analyzing the movementâ s failure to achieve its goals. I used these interviews, along with TOPSâ documents, local newspaper articles, and literature from other anti-consolidation efforts, to examine possible reasons why TOPS was not successful. Social movements literature, particularly the concepts of framing and repertoires of contention, formed the theoretical basis of this analysis.

Master of Science

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22

Hoyack, Charles Roberto. "Conscientious Resistance: Communism and Catholicism in Cold War Poland, 1945-1989." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/579254.

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This thesis will explore the diplomatic relationship between the Soviet-backed, Communist government of Poland and the Roman Catholic Church from the end of World War II until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1989. First, I will discuss the Church's approach to the idea of religious liberty, beginning in the Second Vatican Council. Then, the Church's foreign policy position toward the Soviet Union and their satellites during the Cold War known as the Ostpolitik, will be discussed. Secondly, I will explain how the Polish Church was able to act as a resistance force against Polish Communism leading to 1978. Thirdly, I will evaluate the changes in the Communist-Vatican diplomatic relationship, as well as changes within Poland such as the rise of the Solidarity movement which coincided with the election of the Polish Cardinal Archbishop Karol Wojtyla as Pope John Paul II in 1978. Lastly, I will show how these events helped contribute to the fall of Communism in Eastern Europe in 1989. I will show how a non-governmental, non-political, social actor, the Catholic Church, both in Rome and in Poland, was able to act as a formidable resistance force in the fight against Communism, contributing greatly to Communism's demise.

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23

Pang, Lai-kei. "Passive resistance to hegemonic control in China and Myanmar." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19047897.

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24

Belanger, Dominique. "Helping the poor in underdeveloped countries : a practice of resistance and solidarity." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31567.

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Historically, development practice and theory has been focused on increasing the productive capacity of the poor towards the modernization of their society. More than often, this approach resulted in excluding the poor from fully participating in their own development. This research project is a qualitative study in the practice of resistance to the domination of expert knowledge and the economic growth model, a resistance focused on developing an authentic solidarity with the poor. Using narratives as a method of inquiry, an attempt was made at defining the commonality upon which our relationship with the poor can be initiated and from which common action can be undertaken in helping the poor meet their needs. The findings suggest that it is in the shared experience of oppression that an authentic relationship can be developed. Importance is attributed to the quality of the exchange between the worker, the poor and the donor in our attempt to resist ethnocentrism. It calls for a less grandiose vision of development in favor of an approach focused on meeting the needs of specific communities in underdeveloped countries.

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25

Boucek, Ross E. "Investigating Sub-tropical Community Resistance and Resilience to Climate Disturbance." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2993.

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Changes in global climate will likely increase climate variability. In turn, changes in climate variability have begun to alter the frequency, intensity, and timing of climate disturbances. Continued changes in the climate disturbance regime experienced by natural systems will undoubtedly affect ecological processes at every hierarchical scale. Thus, in order to predict the dynamics of ecological systems in the future, we must develop a more mechanistic understanding of how and in what ways climate disturbance affects natural systems. In South Florida, two climate disturbances recently affected the region, a severe cold spell in 2010, and a drought in 2011. Importantly, these disturbances affected an ecosystem of long-term, comprehensive, and persistent ecological study in the Shark River estuary in the Everglades National Park. The aims of my dissertation were to (1) assess the relative severity of these two climate disturbances, (2) identify effects of these disturbances on community structuring, (3) compare community change from the 2010 cold spell with community change from another extreme cold spell that affected sub-tropical China in 2008, (4) assess the effects of the drought on predator prey interactions in the Shark River and (5) apply a spatial approach to predicting population resistance to these events. My results show that the 2010 cold spell was the most severe cold event to affect the Shark River in the last 80 years, while the drought was the worst drought to occur in the last 10 years. The cold spell drove community change that was predictable based on the traits of component species, whereas community change was less predictable using trait-based approaches. When comparing community change from the extreme 2010 event in Florida with the event in China, I identified three consistencies related to community change from extreme cold events that occurred across both events that will help build generalized understanding of community resistance to increasingly extreme climate events in the future. From the trophic study, I found that the drought reduced prey for estuarine piscivores. Not only was prey biomass reduced, the drought drove a compositional shift in prey communities from fish to invertebrates, which are lower in calories. Last, I found that animal movement may create temporally dynamic resistance scenarios that should be accounted for when developing predictive models.

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26

Smith, Sharon Phillips. "Community-acquired Urinary Tract Infections| Treatment, Outcomes, and Antimicrobial Resistance." Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3616604.

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Community-acquired urinary tract infections (CA-UTI) are common in young women. Reports of increasing resistance to the antimicrobial drugs commonly prescribed to treat CA-UTI, evidence of wide-spread dissemination of strains of multi-drug resistant i that can cause community outbreaks and expanding appreciation of the importance of the rational use of antibiotics are challenging the traditional management of this disease.

Two population-based studies were performed to investigate the epidemiological features of CA-UTI with an emphasis on the antimicrobial resistance of causative bacteria. An eight-year retrospective cohort study was conducted in a large health maintenance organization to identify changes in uropathogen etiology and antimicrobial resistance and in empirical antimicrobial treatment practices and outcomes. A cross-sectional study was performed in a university population to investigate the relationship between changes in the prevalence of genotype-based clonal groups of uropathogen E. coli and the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance.

From 1998 through 2005, less than 20% of the Escherichia coli causing uncomplicated CA-UTI (UCA-UTI) were resistant to the first line empirical treatment antimicrobial, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX). No trends were detected in the proportions of Escherichia coli that were resistant to TMP/SMX or to nitrofurantoin. In contrast, a small but steady increase in the proportion of Escherichia coli that were resistant to ciprofloxacin was observed. Over the same period of time, the use of ciprofloxacin as empirical treatment for UCA-UTI steadily increased while the use of TMP/SMX decreased. No sustained decreases in treatment failure or in microbiologically incompatible treatment were detected. Thus TMP/SMX remains a viable empirical treatment for women with UCA- UTI in these populations. Molecular typing of Escherichia coli causing CA-UTI revealed that the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was influenced by a small number of Escherichia coli clonal groups. This suggests that the prevalence of antimicrobial resistant UTI in a community is not only the result of community prescribing practices and individual antimicrobial use but can be significantly impacted by the introduction and circulation of strains of uropathogens that are already drug resistant. Thus, strategies developed to maintain the usefulness of empirical treatment options for CA-UTI must include interventions that target sources of antimicrobial resistant uropathogens.

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27

Ястремська, Лариса Сергіївна, І. Прекрасна, О. Таширев, and г. Снєгур. "Resistance of Negev desert microbial community to Cu2+ and Hg2+." Thesis, National Aviation University, 2013. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/38607.

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The aim of the work is to evaluate the ability to keep stabile functioning of microbial community of Negev Desert clay (Israel) in the presence of typical for damaging effect toxic metals - Cu2 + and Hg2+ . The results show the stability of Negev desert microbial community to the extremely high bactericidal concentrations of toxic metals (1000 mg/l Cu2+and 10 mg/l Hg2+), despite the trace concentrations of these metals (0,23 mg/l Cu2+) in the desert ecosystem. This indicates a high resistance and ability of microbial cenosis to adapt to extreme factors. It can be supposed, according to obtained results, that Negev desert microbial community is able to interact with toxic metals and involve them in biogeochemical cycles. On the base of metal resistant microorganisms from Negev desert ecosystem development the technology of industrial heavy metal wastewater purification is available.

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28

Maldonado, Raul Angel. "RESILIENCE AND RESISTANCE: HOW THE INLAND EMPIRE TRANSGENDER COMMUNITY THRIVES." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/739.

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Society’s current focus on the transgender community is complicated, and further heightened by the lack of protections for the transgender community. Current studies only assess the hardships transgender individuals face and the impact they have on their well-being. This study sought to explore what effects the lack of resources and support have on the transgender community in the Inland Empire. This study utilized a qualitative approach incorporating semi-structured interviews of participants. The author also sought to explore how the transgender community in this area are able to mitigate any negative experiences. The qualitative data provided rich grounding in understanding the process by which these two factors are linked. Such that, the lack of resources or access to available resources contributed to distress and delayed transgender identification and transitioning. The contribution of the study is important because of the stigmas associated with being a member of the transgender community. The author contends that this research contributes to providing a better understanding of why these stigmas exist and how social services can alleviate and provide equitable and competent resources for the transgender community in the Inland Empire. The major themes derived from the data were separated by access to resources, finding community, in-group discrimination, lack of competence, risking vulnerability, sense of self, social support, and visibility. Sub-themes included: asserting gender, dysphoria, machismo, and socio-economic climate.

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29

Emmerich, Fabienne. "The Red Army Faction in prison : narratives of isolation and resistance 1970-1995." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/41864/.

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The thesis is a qualitative study that analyses the personal narratives of isolation and resistance of former Baader-Meinhof prisoners (RAF) in the period 1970-1995 within the context of imprisonment and penality in Gennany. The thesis constructs a picture of isolation and resistance through these individual narratives that illustrate how a state policy to control the communication of individual RAF prisoners was translated into techniques of immobilization - solitary confinement - and surveillance - searches, censorship and monitoring. The narratives recount how these techniques, though central to security and order in prison, were applied and adapted in order to disable the group both within prison and on the outside, and to diminish the (political) resolve of the individual prisoner. The narratives also give insight into individual and collective resistance to isolation, namely the rationales of individual survival and striving for community in the pursuit of collective detention of RAF prisoners. The thesis contributes to the literature on RAF imprisonment by framing the lived experiences of former women and men RAF prisoners and the meanings they attach to isolation and resistance within a power and gendered dimensions of prison life and penality. The study also hopes to contribute wider discussions on imprisonment and penality in Gennany, in particular the governance of women and men prisoners who are constructed as dangerous.

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30

Pang, Lai-kei, and 彭麗姬. "Passive resistance to hegemonic control in China and Myanmar." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31951478.

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31

Anderson, Jonathan Mark. "Environmental direct action : making space for new forms of political community?" Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/470c8929-f448-4d1f-876b-78bdbad5f40c.

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32

Moralejo, Donna. "Bias in laboratory-based surveillance of antibiotic resistance in community uropathogens." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0025/NQ49521.pdf.

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33

Saleh, Jehan. "The making of a resistance identity : communism and the Lebanese Shiʿa, 1943-1990". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28693.

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This is a study of the identities and political mobilisation of the Lebanese Shiʿa throughout the modern history of Lebanon. Currently, the dominant paradigms for such studies focus on the question of sectarianism in Lebanon and the corresponding Shiʿi political movements, Amal and Hizbullah. This thesis presents an alternative approach. It argues that secular identities have also been an important component of the Shiʿi community’s political mobilisation. This is explored through an analysis of the relationship between the Lebanese Communist Party (LCP) and the communist Shiʿa. Drawing on interviews with senior LCP officials, current and former Shiʿi communists, party documents and additional interview evidence from the documentary film, We Were Communists, this thesis examines the origins, evolution and transformation of the relationship between the LCP and the Shiʿa after Lebanese independence in 1943, until the end of the Lebanese Civil War in 1990. Utilising the concepts of identity and political mobilisation, this thesis develops a hybridised approach to the study of political identity that combines primordial with constructionist readings of identity. This acknowledges the presence of a repertoire of multiple and varied identities among any individual or group, and their potential for mobilisation. Rather than assuming the domineering influence of primordial sentiments, such as sectarian identity, the hybridised approach requires an analysis of the conditions under which a particular identity becomes the basis for political mobilisation. In the aftermath of Lebanese independence in 1943, the Shiʿi community’s political mobilisation was characterised by a politics of resistance. This was a product of the legacy of the Shiʿi community’s experience of the French Mandate (1920-1943), as well as the newly reformulated confessional political system that was established by the National Pact (1943). The net effect of these processes was the marginalisation of the Shiʿa. The LCP, as a prominent anti-system opposition movement in Lebanon at this time, became the Shiʿi community’s main vehicle for the mobilisation and development of their resistance identity. During the Lebanese Civil War (1975-1990) the relationship between communism and the Shiʿa transformed as the LCP went into decline and new Shiʿi political actors emerged. The mantle of the Shiʿi community’s resistance identity became subject to the tensions between communism and communalism within the community. In the end, the Shiʿi community’s resistance identity was adopted and repackaged by Hizbullah, under whose auspices it remains today. The Shiʿi-communist relationship constitutes the Shiʿi community’s first engagement with formal, party-based and ideologically driven political mobilisation in Lebanon. The impact and legacy of the LCP’s influence on the Shiʿa in these terms encompasses not just the communist Shiʿa, but every other political actor in the community. Concern over the growing influence of communism led directly to the political mobilisation of the previously quietist Shiʿi religious clerics. This outcome is represented by the arrival of Imam Musa al-Sadr to Lebanon in 1959 and his stated goal of combatting the influence of communism among the Shiʿa. This thesis is an important addendum to the current understanding of the origins of Shiʿi political mobilisation, which erroneously place Musa al-Sadr at the beginning of that process. This study’s emphasis on alternative, non-sectarian forms of political identity is also a reminder of the Shiʿi community’s political diversity at a time when critical voices, resentful of Hizbullah’s and Amal’s monopoly, are currently emerging from within the ShiʿI community.

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34

Dharmarha, Vaishali. "Effect of Standard Post-harvest Interventions of Fresh Vegetables on Bacterial Community Dynamics, Pathogen Survival and Antibiotic Resistance." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/96582.

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Food-borne illness outbreaks are occasionally associated with fresh-vegetable consumption, in part due to lack of a microbial inactivation step before consumption. Raw manure or improperly composted manure applied as soil amendments is an established source of pathogenic bacterial contamination. However, less is known about whether such soil amendments could serve as a source of transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) or antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) via fresh produce. As such knowledge is developing, it is useful to identify strategies for mitigating ARGs and ARB on vegetable surfaces, especially those that are synergistic with known benefits in terms of general pathogen reduction on fresh produce. Sanitizers play an important role in post-harvest processing of vegetables, especially in terms of disinfecting the wash water and preventing cross-contamination. Further, temperature and time of storage of vegetables are critical to prevent the growth of microorganisms. To provide a background inoculum representing potential pre-harvest carryover of ARB and ARGs, carrots or romaine lettuce leaves were dipped in a slurry derived from composted manure from dairy cows previously dosed with antibiotics and further inoculated with multi-drug resistant E. coli O157:H7, a human pathogen, and a spoilage-associated and opportunistic pathogenic strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Inoculated carrots (n=3, 25 g) were washed with water containing different sanitizers (sodium hypochlorite or peroxyacetic acid) or unwashed (control), packaged and stored at 10ºC for 7d or 2ºC for up to 60 d. Inoculated lettuce leaves (n=3, 100 g) were washed with sodium hypochlorite, packaged in modified atmosphere conditions (98% nitrogen), irradiated (1.0 kGy) and subsequently stored at 4ºC for 14 d. The effect of post-harvest treatment were compared at various times by enumeration on selective media. In addition, cultureindependent techniques were also performed to determine changes to the surficial carrot and lettuce microbiota by sequencing bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicons. The effect of post-harvest treatments on the types and relative abundance of ARGs, also known as the “resistome,” were profiled by shotgun metagenomic sequencing and qPCR. Addition of a sanitizer during wash, storage temperature, and duration of storage affected the bacterial community structures on carrots, represented by the weighted Unifrac distance matrices (ANOSIM, R=0.465). Storage of sanitizer-washed carrots at 10ºC was associated with an increase in relative abundance of Pseudomonadaceae compared to 2ºC storage for 7 d (Wilcoxon, p<0.05). Increase in storage temperature from 2ºC (optimum) to 10ºC (temperature abuse) of sanitizer-washed carrots resulted in enrichment of ARGs conferring resistance to the following antibiotic classes: multidrug, peptide, polymyxin, quinolone, triclosan, aminoglycoside, bacitracin, β-lactam, and fosfomycin. Irradiation resulted in significant reductions (~3.5 log CFU/g) of inoculated antibiotic-resistant E. coli O157:H7 and Pseudomonas sp. on lettuce surfaces (ANOVA, p<0.05). The lettuce resistome, represented by the Bray-Curtis similarity of ARG occurrence, was affected by irradiation (ANOSIM, R=0.406). Irradiation of lettuce followed by 14 d of storage at 4ºC resulted in 2-4-fold reductions in relative abundance of ARGs encoding resistance to the following antibiotic classes: triclosan, quinolones, multidrug, polymyxin and β-lactam (Wilcoxon, p<0.05). No additional increase or reduction of the tet(A) gene present on inoculated P. aeruginosa was evident after 14d storage at 4ºC on irradiated samples. Results of this study suggest that inclusion of a sanitizer in wash water, irradiation, and storage at optimum refrigerated temperatures may offer effective strategies to combat proliferation of antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes on fresh produce. Further research is needed develop interventions that can mitigate tet(A) and other ARGs on produce that were not significantly reduced by irradiation. This study will guide future research on microbiome and metagenome of processed produce and assessment of critical control points to reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance from farm-to-fork.
PHD

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35

Lipman, Alexia. "Epistemic Injustice and Communities of Resistance." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1937.

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Epistemic injustice is a relatively new philosophical term for a rather old phenomenon. A situation is said to be epistemically unjust when someone is wronged in his capacity to possess or convey knowledge. While anyone can be the victim of a testimonial injustice, the epistemic injustice that occurs in an exchange of testimony, people with marginalized identities systematically suffer from this kind of injustice. By relying on negative identity prejudices, a person in a position of power consciously or subconsciously undermines a marginalized individual’s capacity for knowledge. In this paper, I argue that persistent testimonial injustice can inhibit the formation of one’s identity. Then I explore the role that communities may play in ameliorating this harm. I suggest that communities are conceptualized differently depending on their purpose (e.g. psychological melioration or political resistance). In the final part of this paper, I examine two conceptions of communities put forth by María Lugones and Iris Marion Young and determine whether they can provide both psychological and political resources for resistance.

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36

劉昌志 and Cheong-chi Lau. "Epidemiology of community-associated methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infection in Hong Kong, 2007: a descriptive and analytical study." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41710484.

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37

Lau, Cheong-chi. "Epidemiology of community-associated methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infection in Hong Kong, 2007 a descriptive and analytical study /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41710484.

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38

Neely, Caroline Elizabeth. ""Dat's one chile of mine you ain't never gonna sell": Gynecological Resistance within the Plantation Community." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33250.

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The study of gynecological resistance as an integral part of the slave community has frequently been ignored in studies of the plantation South. Slave women actively engaged in both collective and individual acts of gynecological resistance. This work, "Dat's one chile of mine you ain't never gonna sell: Gynecological Resistance in the Plantation Community", explores enslaved women's use of birth control, abortion, and infanticide as a means to gain personal autonomy and control over their bodies. This study seeks to forge a collective narrative about the secret practices of slave women, while attempting to give them a voice of their own. Relying primarily on the WPA slave narratives, as well as the Virginia Plantation records, this thesis first seeks to examine cases of gynecological resistance, as well as the motivations behind these acts. This thesis argues that enslaved women used gynecological resistance as a means to maintain some personal autonomy and control over their bodies, as well as the bodies of their children. The study illustrates that these individual acts became collective resistance, when the community worked to aid and protect women, who committed acts of gynecological resistance by keeping their secrets from the master. Finally, this thesis demonstrates how individual acts of resistance became collective, or day-to-day, in the forms of oral narratives about gynecological resistance that were passed along for the purposes of instruction.
Master of Arts

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39

Nizhar, Parveen. "An analysis of racial violence, marginalisation and resistance in a rural community." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393851.

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40

Bekin, Caroline. "Consumer resistance, community and power : an exploratory study of new consumption communities." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.479123.

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41

Netshiswinzhe, Rembuluwani Bethuel. "Civic associations in Khayelitsha : transition from politics of resistance to community development." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22440.

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Bibliography: pages 157-165.
The new political dispensation gave way to much questioning of the importance of the organs of civil society, and the role they play in development of our society. Civic Associations are but one of such institutions of civil society, and this study seeks to explore the role they will continue to play in a post-apartheid South Africa (SA). Civics truly played a major role in bringing about democracy in our country. Now the political changes that have occurred forces Civics to redefine their role within a democratic society. Widespread speculations are that Civics will focus in development and/or that they will be watchdogs to government. This is a qualitative study and data was collected mainly through interviews (structured and unstructured) and use of secondary sources. The study was conducted in Khayelitsha in the period July to December 1995, before the local government elections. Two Civic organisations participated in this study, that is, Western Cape United Squatter Association (WECUSA) and South African National Civic Organisation (SANCO) of Khayelitsha. The respondents were mainly members of the executive committees of the two organisations. The sample was drawn through non-probability sampling, using purposive and snowball sampling. This allowed the researcher an opportunity to choose respondents who best meet the purpose of the study. The major conclusions of the study are that Civics are aware of the need to redefine their role, though to date they have achieved very little in this regard. The perception is that Civics will continue to exist, and shift their focus to development work. The other role that Civics see themselves as playing is that of acting as watchdogs to government. This view is rejected by some people because of the close relationship that Civics have with the political parties. Civics are aligned to specific political parties, for example, both Civics (WECUSA and SANCO) who participated in this study are aligned to the African National Congress (ANC). In the local government elections, these Civics canvassed people to vote for the ANC. The findings of the study have also shown that Civics are playing a significant role in their communities. They are concerned with provision of basic services such as water, electricity, building of roads, schools and health facilities. The major challenge that still remains facing Civics is for them to redefine their role and the question of their alliance with political parties.

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42

Droessler, Holger. "Islands of Labor: Community, Conflict, and Resistance in Colonial Samoa, 1889-1919." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467185.

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My dissertation follows the lives and struggles of the workers of Samoa from the last decade of the nineteenth century until the end of the Great War. Drawing on a wide range of sources—from travel reports and court depositions to photographs and maps—my dissertation reconstructs the experiences of Samoans as well as migrants from Melanesia, Micronesia, and China. This diverse group of peoples living in Samoa harnessed their own energy and that of their natural environment to create a colonial world often beyond their own control. At the same time, they succeeded in re-creating their own lifeworlds in ways that often defied the limits of this colonial world. I argue that community, conflict, and resistance among workers in colonial Samoa can best be understood by delving deeply into the particular dynamics of particular workscapes. Five workscapes—the subsistence economy, the plantation, the ethnographic show, the building of infrastructure, and the colonial service—became crucibles of lived sociality and, over time, political solidarity for the people living and laboring in colonial Samoa. As much as German, American, and New Zealand colonial officials tried to keep workers apart from one another, they succeeded in overcoming racial and colonial boundaries and formed new kinds of community.
American Studies

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43

Padget, Michael. "Antibiotic resistance among children in low-income countries - Investigating community antibiotic consumption." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV130/document.

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La résistance bactérienne aux antibiotiques est un problème de santé publique majeur, touchant plus particulièrement les enfants dans les pays en développement (PED).Nous avons effectué une revue systématique de la littérature pour quantifier le niveau de résistance aux antibiotiques chez les enfants âgés de moins de 2 ans dans les PED. De manière générale, les données sur la résistance aux antibiotiques dans la population étudiées sont rares. Selon les publications identifiées, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, et Klebsiella spp. apparaissent comme les causes les plus fréquentes d’infections néonatales sévères. Chez les enfants âgés de 1 à 24 mois, Streptococcus pneumoniae et Salmonella spp. apparaissent comme les causes les plus fréquentes d’infections bactériennes invasives.Dans une seconde revue systématique, nous avons examiné les méthodologies actuelles utilisées pour mesurer la consommation d’antibiotiques dans les PED.Nos résultats montrent qu’aucunes des méthodologiesne permet, à elle seule, de répondre aux besoins de ces pays en terme de données.Nous avons conduit une enquête en population à Madagascar et au Sénégal afin d’examiner les modalités de consommation d’antibiotiques chez des enfants de moins de 2 ans. Dans les 2 pays, la plupart des antibiotiques étaient achetés en pharmacie sur présentation d’une ordonnance. Une proportion élevée des antibiotiques était utilisée pour le traitement d’infections probablement d’origine virale. Des facteurs tels que la disponibilité de centres de santé, de pharmacies, l’existence de programmes de remboursement ou encore la formation du personnel pourraient influencer la fréquence de consommations d’antibiotiques au niveau national.Les résultats issus de ces travaux de recherche ajoutent des données essentielles à la littérature existante et mettent en évidence des leçons importantes pour la lutte contre la résistance aux antibiotiques dans les PEDs
Antimicrobial resistance is a growing threat across the world and is likely to disproportionately affect children in low-income countries (LICs).To estimate the burden of antibiotic resistance in the community among children under two in LICs we undertook a review of published literature. Common isolates in neonatal sepsis cases included Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella. Among children 1 mo. to 2 yrs., Streptococcus pneumonia and Salmonella were most often reported. Information on antibiotic resistance was sparse and often relied on few isolates.We reviewed methods to measure antibiotic consumption in LICs from published literature and showed that current techniques used in isolation are insufficient to respond to all the data needs in LICs. Integrating study techniques and starting with community surveys may respond more adequately to this issue in LICs and lead to more actionable results.To investigate patterns of antibiotic consumption and related factors among children under two in Madagascar and Senegal we undertook community surveys in two sites in Madagasgar (Antananarvo and Moramanga) and one site in Senegal. Results showed relatively high levels of antibiotic use among children. The majority of antibiotics were purchased in pharmacies with a prescription in both countries. Data suggest a high proportion of use for likely viral infections. Local contexts including the availability of health care facilities, availability of pharmacies, national payment schemes, and provider training seemed to play a role in country usage rates.Results from this work add essential data to the literature where relatively little data exists and reveal important lessons about studying and combating antibiotic resistance in LICs

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Timmons, Stephen. "Resistance to computerised care planning systems by nurses in the NHS." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368274.

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De, TorrenteÌ Nicolas. "Post conflict reconstruction and the international community in Uganda, 1986-2000 : an African success story?" Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250724.

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Post-conflict reconstruction refers to the complex process whereby societies strive to overcome internal armed conflict and (re-)establish peaceful and stable political arrangements. The central question addressed in this thesis is whether Uganda's transformation under Y. Museveni's National Resistance Movement (NRM) between 1986 and 2000 is a successful case of post-conflict reconstruction, as is widely held. As a corollary, it asks how the interaction between the NRM and the international community has affected this process. The thesis argues that, in spite of the NRM's remarkable achievements, Uganda's reconstruction is deeply flawed. Most importantly, a legitimate framework for the allocation, exercise and reproduction of political power has not been established. The reconstruction strategy, shaped by the NRM's character as a politicised guerrilla group and dominated by the imperative of regime survival, was inherently twin-faced. It restored political authority and security to most areas of the country, enabling, amongst other achievements, economic recovery. However, it also unleashed military interventionism, led to political closure, and created a fragile and politicised economic order. As such, the NRM's actions attracted increasing opposition, expressed through political and military means. The ancillary argument is that, notwithstanding the pre-eminence of domestic factors, Uganda's transformation has been highly dependent on the support of an interested international community. The NRM was willing and able to adapt to donors' priority concerns, in particular to introduce liberal economic reform, and strategically used donor support to build its power. For their part, donors found the NRM's authority and commitment to structural adjustment quite irresistible. Agendas thus converged, generating mutual dependence. As a result, donors overlooked how their support was diverted, and how the NRM's security policies and political reforms diverged from stated principles. The donors' approach promoted the consolidation of the NRM's power, yet at the expense of the legitimacy of Uganda's reconstruction.

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46

Ramirez, Sanchez Martha Areli. "'We are all Government' : Zapatista political community : contexts, challenges, and prospects." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/we-are-all-government-zapatista-political-community-contexts-challenges-and-prospects(09ce3d64-e2ab-48b1-92b2-2c1d4e94b1fb).html.

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This thesis demonstrates how, through diverse daily life practices, a Zapatista community, referred to here as La Humanidad, creates a model of autonomy in the Mexican State of Chiapas. Based on ethnographic information, this study explores the meanings that this community attributes to practices and notions such as Autonomy, Resistance, Memory, good government and bad government. I contend that these practices represent an attempt to confront and resist the neoliberal model of Good Governance and consequently reconstruct the social fabric, revive communitarian practices, and develop models of self-sufficiency in regard to economics, health and education. Although La Humanidad constitutes just one case study, it highlights little known aspects of what is meant by grassroots participation in regard to this particular Zapatista community, allowing us to gain deeper insight into how indigenous campesino autonomy has been constructed following the Zapatista Uprising. Furthermore, through multi-sited fieldwork, I demonstrate the variety of organisational experiences of The Good Government Council among the five different Zapatista Caracoles: Oventic, La Garrucha, Morelia, Roberto Barrios, and La Realidad. In order to contrast these Caracoles with official forms of government organization, this study also addresses aspects of the constitutional government in the Municipality of San Andres Larrainzar.

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Caddick, James M. "Molecular typing of hospital-acquired, community-acquired and multidrug-resistant methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus." Thesis, Aston University, 2005. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/11028/.

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Johnston, Dawn Elizabeth B. "Sites of resistance, sites of strength the construction and experience of queer space in Calgary /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0020/MQ47950.pdf.

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49

Fischetti, Diana Michelle. "Building resistance from home : EcoVillage at Ithaca as a model of sustainable living /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/8014.

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50

Cronan, Megan Kelly. "More than a pretty girl: resistance, community and group identity among female triathletes." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4928.

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This study examines women's use of leisure as politics, especially as related to leisure as resistance, leisure and social worlds, and women's body image. Interviews were conducted with fifteen participants and coaches in two all-women's triathlon training groups in Austin, Texas. Both training groups prepared women for participation in the Austin Danskin Triathlon. Qualitative methods, grounded theory and constant comparison guided the interviewing and data analysis process. It was determined that Danskin trainees formed a social world which allowed them to redefine their bodies and redefine the tenets of organized sport. This finding centered around three major areas: initial involvement, community building and resistance. Most participants became involved initially for social reasons even though they often were out of shape or had not previously participated in athletics. Several participants experienced barriers to involvement commonly discussed in gender leisure studies including weight issues, "ethic of care" concerns and fear of not deserving leisure time. During participation in their training programs, the majority of trainees formed a community with their fellow participants which provided them with a safe place and a support structure. As a result, many Austin Danskin triathlon trainees were able to communally resist cultural and societal norms surrounding women's bodies and competitive athletics. As a group, trainees redefined the way women should look and placed function above form. Furthermore, they reclaimed sport from the male norm and instead demanded that it go beyond bigger, better, faster or stronger and instead focus on community, support and teamwork. The results of this study urge leisure providers to create programs that appeal to the whole person - not just the physical. As a result of the data, several hypotheses may be suggested for future study: Do women's only recreation programs provide a crucial link between social world formation and leisure as resistance? What other programs may produce similar results and why?

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