Дисертації з теми "Communication efficace"
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Audeoud, Henry-Joseph. "Routage efficace et garanti dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAM055.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les réseaux de capteurs sans fil qui nous occupent dans cette thèse sont un ensemble d’appareils connectés les uns aux autres par des technologies bas débit et faible consommation. Leur rôle est de prendre des mesures sur l’environnement physique qui les entoure (suivis météoclimatiques, contrôles d’installationsindustrielles, relevés de l’état des réseaux de distributions, surveillance topographique. . . ). Ces mesuresdoivent ensuite être collectées vers l’extérieur du réseau. Comme les capteurs ont une courte portée decommunication radio, les transmissions sont faites en multisaut, les capteurs proches de la destinationrelayant l’information émise par ceux qui en sont plus éloignés. À cause du mouvement des nœuds eux-mêmes ou d’objets dans leur environnement perturbant les communications sans fil, la topologie exactedu réseau est sujette à des changements. De plus, les capteurs eux-mêmes, alimentés par batterie pour laplupart, sont limités en énergie et par là en capacité de transmission. Les techniques d’économie d’énergieappliquées pour éteindre la radio la plupart du temps imposent alors des contraintes de synchronisationsupplémentaires.Pour acheminer l’information dans le réseau, le protocole de routage établit des routes, de façon à ceque les capteurs puissent relayer l’information depuis et jusqu’au routeur de bordure du réseau à traversdes liens fiables et conduisant jusqu’à la destination à travers des chemins courts. À cause des limitationsdes capteurs, le protocole de routage doit être efficace en énergie, c’est-à-dire que la surcharge des trans-missions radio impliquées par le protocole de routage lui-même doit être aussi légère que possible. Il doitaussi être capable de rétablir la connectivité en cas de changement dans la topologie du réseau, et ce sanscréer de boucles de routage pénalisant tant la qualité de service que les réserves d’énergie des nœuds.Ce document décrit un protocole de routage répondant à ces objectifs. Il est capable de créer un arbrede collecte autoréparant permettant d’extraire l’information hors du réseau, ainsi que des routes pour dis-tribuer des commandes ou des accusés de réception aux nœuds. Il valide aussi le chemin emprunté parchaque paquet transmis afin de garantir qu’ils n’entrent jamais dans une boucle de routage. Le protocoleest mis en situation dans des simulations et aussi des expérimentations en plateforme réelle, montrant l’ef-ficacité des mécanismes proposés.Afin d’améliorer sa capacité à choisir les meilleurs liens disponibles, je propose également l’utilisationd’une nouvelle estimation de leur qualité. Elle est basée sur deux mesures complémentaires : une mesure àlong terme du niveau de bruit ambiant présent sur le canal radio, et une mesure ponctuelle de la puissancedu signal reçu de l’émetteur. Ces deux mesures fournissent une estimation du rapport signal à bruit, etpar là du taux de réception attendu. Cette estimation est à la fois précise, rapide à obtenir, et adaptée auxcontraintes des capteurs et des réseaux desquels nous parlonsThe wireless sensor networks that we work with in this thesis are a set of devices connected to eachother by low-rate and low-power technologies. Their role is to produce measures on the physical environ-ment around them (meteorological and climate condition tracking, monitoring of industrial installations,control of distribution grids, topographical surveillance. . . ). These measures must then be collected out ofthe network. Since the sensors have short range radios, transmissions are multi-hop, the sensors close tothe destination relaying the information transmitted by those which are further away from it. Because ofthe movement of the nodes themselves or of objects in their environment interfering with wireless commu-nications, the exact topology of the network is subject to change. In addition, the battery-powered sensorsare limited in energy and therefore in transmission abilities. The power-saving techniques applied to turnoff the radio most of the time impose synchronization constraints.To route information through the network, the routing protocol establishes routes, so that the sensorscan relay information from and to the network border router through reliable links leading to the destina-tion through short paths. Due to sensor limitations, the routing must be energy efficient, i.e. the overloadof the radio transmissions involved by the routing algorithm itself must be as lightweight as possible. Itmust also be able to restore connectivity on a network topology change without creating routing loops thatnegatively impact the quality of service and the energy reserves of the nodes.This document describes a routing protocol that meets these objectives. It is capable of creating a self-healing collection tree that extracts information out of the network, as well as from the routes to distributecommand messages or acknowledgment to the nodes. It also validates the data path of each packet toensure that they never enter a routing loop. The protocol is run in simulations and also on real platformexperiments, showing the effectiveness of the proposed mechanisms.In order to improve its ability to choose the best available links, I also propose the use of a new esti-mation of their quality. It is based on two complementary measurements: a long-term measurement ofthe ambient noise level on the radio channel, and a measurement of the power of the signal received fromthe transmitter. These two measurements provide an estimate of the signal-to-noise ratio, and thereby theexpected reception rate. This estimate is both accurate, quick to obtain, and adapted to the constraints ofsensors and networks we are talking about
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Aroga, Bessong Dieudonné Prosper. "Le bilinguisme officiel, français-anglais, au Cameroun, un problème de communication efficace pour l'État." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq21416.pdf.
Повний текст джерела
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Planes, Louis-Marie. "Pour une communication orale efficace en langue anglo-américaine : gestion de l'apprentissage chez des apprenants adultes." Grenoble 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE39032.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La recherche entreprise dans ce travail a pour objectif fondamental de montrer comment on peut developper, rendre performante une communiation orale en langue anglo-americaine, en s'appuyant constamment sur une methode d'apprentissage, des strategies multiples et incitatives experimentees durant de nombreuses annees avec differents publics d'apprenants adultesThe ressearch undertaken in this survey aims as a basic objective, to demontrate hew en oral communication in the anglo-american : language can be developed and how it becomes efficient as it continously relies on a learning approach and on varied incentive strategies which have been experimented for many years with different types of adult learners
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Graziano, Maxime Genelot Emilie Serrhini Kamal. "Sémiologie Graphique Expérimentale (SGE) pour une cartographie efficace du risque d'inondation /." Tours : Polytech'Tours, Aménagement, 2009. http://www.applis.univ-tours.fr/scd/EPU_DA/2009PFE_Genelot_Emilie.pdf.
Повний текст джерела
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Gougeon, Adrien. "Optimisation d’un réseau dynamique et efficace en énergie servant à piloter la grille électrique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Rennes (2023-....), 2023. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-04086397.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Face aux défis concernant les secteurs de l’énergie et de l’environnement, le réseau électrique est confronté à certaines limites.Un problème majeur du réseau électrique actuel est le manque de communication et de coordination entre ses acteurs pour exploiter pleinement son potentiel. Pour surmonter ces limites et offrir de nouveaux services aux acteurs du réseau électrique, nous nous dirigeons vers un réseau plus intelligent, la Smart Grid. Le déploiement d’une infrastructure supplémentaire est nécessaire pour réaliser cette transition. Cette infrastructure, Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI), vise à améliorer les capacités de surveillance et de communication des acteurs du réseau électrique.L’objectif de cette thèse est de quantifier la dégradation de performance de certains nouveaux services de la Smart Grid, due à la qualité de service de l’AMI. Nous explorons plusieurs paramètres de l’infrastructure de communication et observons par co-simulation comment ces paramètres influencent l’efficacité de ces services. Un des objectifs principaux de la Smart Grid est aussi de réduire la consommation d’énergie.Dans un deuxième temps, nous modélisons la consommation énergétique de bout en bout de l’AMI afin d’évaluer sa propre consommation.Les outils de co-simulation proposés ainsi que les modèles de consommation sont tous disponibles sans restrictionsIn front of the challenges concerning the energy and environmental sectors, the electrical grid faces some limitations. A major issue of the current power network is the lack of communication and coordination between its actors to fully exploit its potential.To overcome those limitations, and offer new services to the actors of the electrical grid, we are moving toward the Smart Grid. The deployment of an additional infrastructure is necessary to enable the Smart Grid. This infrastructure, known as the Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI), aims to enhance the monitoring and communication capabilities of the actors of the electrical grid.The goal of this thesis is to quantify the performance degradation of some new services of the Smart Grid, due to the quality of service of the AMI. We explore several parameters of the communication infrastructure and observe through co-simulation how those parameters influence the efficiency of those services. One of the main objectives of the Smart Grid is to reduce energy consumption.In a second stage, we model the end-to-end energy consumption of an AMI at a large scale to assess its own consumption.The proposed co-simulation framework and consumption models are all license free
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Hervagault, Yoann. "Conception et réalisation d'un système efficace de communication et de coordination au sein d'une flotille de drones aquatiques de surface." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT048.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The work described herein concerns the development of a communication strategy for a fleet of USVs (Unmanned Surface Vehicles). This project's aim is to improve the performances of the SPYBOAT system, developed by the French company CT2MC to perform environmental monitoring missions in fresh waters. In order to successfully fulfill their task, autonomous surface vehicles must be able to maintain a reliable communication link. This thesis's goal is twofold and complementary:- propose the design of an antenna dedicated to the particular conditions of an USV environment and contained in the vessel's hull,- take into account the effective radio ranges and the limited onboard computing resources to develop an admissible deployment strategy.First, the system under study is identified through experiments performed in the Bourget Lake. The differential flatness property of the model is also proved for further use in the computation of reference trajectories.Subsequently, the characteristics of the USV are described from a radio-frequency point of view. The environmental conditions involved by the water proximity, the low heights of the antennas and the high density of conductive materials in unmanned systems are very challenging. The selected antenna configuration is a planar antenna array, composed of three elementary semi-circular monopoles. Low-height measurements over the ground in open space, in good agreement with simulations, have proven that the proposed antenna and the currently used wire antennas exhibit good electrical performances. Antennas simulations have shown that the radiation pattern loses its omnidirectional property when placed in the vessel's hull due to the reflexions on the embedded equipment, and multiple antennas are required to maintain a reliable communication link.Finally, an algorithm able to compute a feasible reference trajectory for a fleet of USVs is proposed. The flatness-based optimization algorithm takes into account communication constraints to ensure that none of the agents in the network becomes isolated. The optimization problem is solved offline to reduce the computation task of the embedded controller. Then, the trajectory tracking algorithm is implemented online via an LQR (Linear Quadratic Regulator) controller which has been simulated and successfully experimented under various scenarios over the real platforms of CT2MC. The experimental tests show that the pre-established communication constraints are preserved while minimizing the tracking errorLes travaux présentés dans cette thèse visent à améliorer les performances du système SPYBOAT, une gamme de drones aquatiques de surface développés par l'entreprise CT2MC et destinés à la réalisation de missions de surveillance environementale en eau douce. Afin de pouvoir mener à bien leurs missions, le maintien de la communication radio avec ces équipements est primordial à la fois pour pouvoir envoyer de nouvelles instructions aux agents, et pour évaluer l'état d'avancement de la mission. Les objectifs de cette thèse sont donc complémentaires:- concevoir une antenne dédiée à un véhicule autonome de surface et contenue dans sa coque,- développer une stratégie de déploiement qui prend en compte la portée radio et les ressources de calcul limitées.Dans un premier temps, les paramètres dynamiques d'un des modèles SPYBOAT ont été identifiés au cours d'une campagne de mesures réalisée sur le Lac du Bourget (73). Le modèle dynamique est ensuite approfondi afin de mettre en évidence sa platitude qui sera utilisée lors de la génération des trajectoires de référence.Ensuite, les conditions particulières d'un point de vue radio-fréquence sont abordées telles que la proximité de l'eau, les faibles hauteurs et le voisinage d'éléments conducteurs. La topologie choisie consiste en un réseau d'antennes constitué de 3 monopoles semi-circulaires. Les performances de cette antenne ont été évaluées par simulation et confirmées par le biais de mesures effectuées sur des prototypes. Les résultats montrent que ces antennes offrent des performances comparables aux dipoles filaires classiquement utilisés dans ce domaine.Enfin, nous proposons un algorithme de génération d'une trajectoire de référence pour une flotte de drones exploitant la platitude des systèmes à contrôler. Les contraintes de portée induites par l'utilisation de l'antenne sont prises en compte afin de garantir le contact radio avec chaque agent. Cette étape d'optimisation est réalisée en amont de la mission afin de minimiser la tâche alouée au contrôleur, qui consiste en une commande LQR (Linear Quadratic Regulator) à gain variable. Cette stratégie de commande a été simulée et testée avec succès sur un système réel
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Haddadou, Nadia. "Réseaux ad hoc véhiculaires : vers une dissémination de données efficace, coopérative et fiable." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1023/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les réseaux ad hoc véhiculaires (VANETs) permettent le partage de différents types de données entre les véhicules, de manière collaborative. Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes tout particulièrement intéressés aux applications de sûreté et de sécurité routière, dédiées à l'échange des informations sur l'état de l'environnement routier. Les contraintes de ces applications en termes de qualité de services sont des plus rigoureuses, car l'acheminent de leurs données doit être exhaustif et ne souffrir d'aucun retard pour assurer une information utile et en temps opportun au profit de tous les usagers concernés. Cet acheminement doit faire face aux difficultés induites par la dispersion et la forte mobilité des véhicules, l'absence ou l'insuffisance d'infrastructure, la densité variable du réseau, la surcharge en informations à envoyer et l'étendue des zones géographiques à couvrir. En effet, la problématique de diffusion des données dans les VANETs s'avère non-triviale et de nombreux verrous scientifiques doivent être levés pour permettre un support efficace, collaboratif et fiable pour les applications de sûreté et de sécurité routière.Plus précisément, nous aborderons la problématique de la dissémination collaborative en se posant trois questions : “comment disséminer les données ? À quel moment le faire ? Mais aussi quoi disséminer et comment inciter à le faire ? ” Nous avons apporté des réponses à travers les trois contributions de cette thèse. La première consiste à proposer une stratégie de dissémination efficace, qui soit adaptée à l'importance de l'information échangée et à sa durée de vie, permettant ainsi d'éviter un processus de diffusion intensif. Celui-ci est inapproprié dans ce cas de figure, car il génère de la congestion et beaucoup de redondance. Une étude de performances par simulation est réalisée, laquelle montre une diminution de 90% du taux de messages redondants par rapport au cas de la diffusion par inondation. Afin d'améliorer plus encore les performances du processus de diffusion des messages de sûreté, nous proposons, dans un second temps, un ordonnanceur pour l'accès au canal de communication qui a pour objectif de réduire le nombre de collisions dues aux synchronisations afférentes à l'utilisation du multi-canal dans le standard IEEE 802.11p/1609.4 et donc élever le taux de réception des données. Nous basons notre proposition sur la théorie de l'arrêt optimal, qui décide du moment opportun pour l'envoi d'une information en conciliant occupation du canal, efficacité de l'envoi et délai d'ajournement toléré par une information. Dans notre cas, la théorie de l'arrêt optimal est formulée par un processus de décision Markovien (MDP). Nous montrons ainsi par simulation une amélioration substantielle du taux de réception (de 25%) et une diminution importante des pertes (de 47%).Après s'être intéressé à l'aspect quantitatif des performances du réseau, nous nous intéresserons ensuite à l'amélioration de la fiabilité du processus de diffusion. Cette fiabilité est obtenue grâce à l'incitation des véhicules à la coopération et à l'exclusion des véhicules malicieux de celui-ci. Ceci est réalisé au travers de la proposition d'un modèle de confiance, inspiré des jeux de signaux. Le modèle crée une situation d'équilibre, tel que les différentes parties le composant ne soient pas tentées de le contourner, ainsi découle une auto-sélection des véhicules, laquelle est rapide et peu coûteuse. À notre connaissance, notre modèle est le seul à s'attaquer aux effets néfastes des deux types de véhicules, malicieux et égoïstes, en même temps. Comme précédemment, nous évaluons les performances de notre solution au travers d'une modélisation par une chaîne de Markov et divers jeux de simulation. Ceci a permis de montrer que 100% des véhicules malicieux sont exclus, avec le maintien d'un taux de coopération élevé dans le réseau, soit une amélioration de 42%Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) allow sharing different kinds of data between vehicles in a collaborative way. In this thesis, we are particularly interested in road safety applications, designed for the exchange of information on road traffic and conditions. This kind of applications have strict Quality of Service (QoS) requirements, as data must be routed thoroughly and without any delays so for assuring the timely delivery of useful information to the drivers. In this context, data routing must face several issues raised by the high mobility and dispersion of vehicles, inadequate or completely lacking infrastructure, a variable network density, network saturation due to the large of information to deliver, and the size of the geographical areas to cover. Indeed, the problem of data dissemination in VANETs is non-trivial, and several research challenges must be solved in order to provide an efficient, collaborative, and reliable support for road safety applications. Specifically, we will address the problem of collaborative data dissemination through the following three questions: “How to perform data dissemination?”, “When should we do it?”, and “What must be disseminated?” We have provided answers to these questions through the three contributions of this thesis. Our first contribution is an efficient dissemination strategy, specifically tailored to the importance of the exchanged information as well as its lifespan, which is able to avoid the intensive dissemination process that generates network congestion and data redundancy. We confirm our statements and validate the performance of our solution by modeling it using a discrete-time Markov chain, which demonstrates the number of necessary retransmissions for all concerned vehicles to receive information. Moreover, we performed extensive simulations that show a reduction of up to 90% of redundant messages with respect to message flooding dissemination strategies. Next, in order to further improve the road safety message dissemination process, we propose a communications channel access scheduler, which aims at reducing the number of collisions caused by IEEE 802.11p/1609.4 multi-channel synchronizations, and thus improving the data reception rate. We base our solution on the optimal stopping theory, which chooses the right moment to send information by balancing the channel occupancy rate, the data delivery efficiency, and the maximum deferment delay tolerated by the information. To this end, we formulate the optimal stopping theory through a Markov decision process (MDP). We show through simulation-based evaluations an improvement of the reception rate of up to 25% and a reduction of up to 47% of message losses. Finally, after being interested in the quantitative aspect of network performance, we centered our efforts on improving the reliability of the dissemination process, which is obtained by motivating vehicles to cooperate and evicting malicious vehicles from the process. To this end, we propose a trust model inspired on signaling games, which are a type of dynamic Bayesian games. Through the use of our model, equilibrium is achieved, thus resulting in a fast and low-cost vehicle self-selection process. We define the parameters of our trust model through a discrete-time Markov chain model. To the best of our knowledge, our solution is the only existing solution that tackles the negative effects introduced by the presence of both malicious and selfish vehicles in a VANET. We evaluated the performance of our solution by modeling it using a Markov chain, and a set of simulations. Our results show that up to 100% of malicious vehicles are evicted while keeping a high cooperation rate, thus achieving an improvement of 42% when compared to other similar solutions
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Ton, That Dai Hai. "Gestion efficace et partage sécurisé des traces de mobilité." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV003/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aujourd'hui, les progrès dans le développement d'appareils mobiles et des capteurs embarqués ont permis un essor sans précédent de services à l'utilisateur. Dans le même temps, la plupart des appareils mobiles génèrent, enregistrent et de communiquent une grande quantité de données personnelles de manière continue. La gestion sécurisée des données personnelles dans les appareils mobiles reste un défi aujourd’hui, que ce soit vis-à-vis des contraintes inhérentes à ces appareils, ou par rapport à l’accès et au partage sûrs et sécurisés de ces informations. Cette thèse adresse ces défis et se focalise sur les traces de localisation. En particulier, s’appuyant sur un serveur de données relationnel embarqué dans des appareils mobiles sécurisés, cette thèse offre une extension de ce serveur à la gestion des données spatio-temporelles (types et operateurs). Et surtout, elle propose une méthode d'indexation spatio-temporelle (TRIFL) efficace et adaptée au modèle de stockage en mémoire flash. Par ailleurs, afin de protéger les traces de localisation personnelles de l'utilisateur, une architecture distribuée et un protocole de collecte participative préservant les données de localisation ont été proposés dans PAMPAS. Cette architecture se base sur des dispositifs hautement sécurisés pour le calcul distribué des agrégats spatio-temporels sur les données privées collectéesNowadays, the advances in the development of mobile devices, as well as embedded sensors have permitted an unprecedented number of services to the user. At the same time, most mobile devices generate, store and communicate a large amount of personal information continuously. While managing personal information on the mobile devices is still a big challenge, sharing and accessing these information in a safe and secure way is always an open and hot topic. Personal mobile devices may have various form factors such as mobile phones, smart devices, stick computers, secure tokens or etc. It could be used to record, sense, store data of user's context or environment surrounding him. The most common contextual information is user's location. Personal data generated and stored on these devices is valuable for many applications or services to user, but it is sensitive and needs to be protected in order to ensure the individual privacy. In particular, most mobile applications have access to accurate and real-time location information, raising serious privacy concerns for their users.In this dissertation, we dedicate the two parts to manage the location traces, i.e. the spatio-temporal data on mobile devices. In particular, we offer an extension of spatio-temporal data types and operators for embedded environments. These data types reconcile the features of spatio-temporal data with the embedded requirements by offering an optimal data presentation called Spatio-temporal object (STOB) dedicated for embedded devices. More importantly, in order to optimize the query processing, we also propose an efficient indexing technique for spatio-temporal data called TRIFL designed for flash storage. TRIFL stands for TRajectory Index for Flash memory. It exploits unique properties of trajectory insertion, and optimizes the data structure for the behavior of flash and the buffer cache. These ideas allow TRIFL to archive much better performance in both Flash and magnetic storage compared to its competitors.Additionally, we also investigate the protect user's sensitive information in the remaining part of this thesis by offering a privacy-aware protocol for participatory sensing applications called PAMPAS. PAMPAS relies on secure hardware solutions and proposes a user-centric privacy-aware protocol that fully protects personal data while taking advantage of distributed computing. For this to be done, we also propose a partitioning algorithm an aggregate algorithm in PAMPAS. This combination drastically reduces the overall costs making it possible to run the protocol in near real-time at a large scale of participants, without any personal information leakage
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Hamidouche, Lyes. "Vers une dissémination efficace de données volumineuses sur des réseaux wi-fi denses." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS188/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Face à la prolifération des technologies mobiles et à l’augmentation du volume des données utilisées par les applications mobiles, les périphériques consomment de plus en plus de bande passante. Dans cette thèse, nous nous concentrons sur les réseaux Wi-Fi denses comme cela peut être le cas lors d’événements à grande échelle (ex: conférences, séminaire, etc.) où un serveur doit acheminer des données à un grand nombre de périphériques dans une fenêtre temporelle réduite. Dans ce contexte, la consommation de bande passante et les interférences engendrées par les téléchargements parallèles d’une donnée volumineuse par plusieurs périphériques connectés au même réseau dégradent les performances. Les technologies de communication Device-to-Device (D2D) comme Bluetooth ou Wi-Fi Direct permettent de mieux exploiter les ressources du réseau et d’améliorer les performances pour offrir une meilleure qualité d’expérience (QoE) aux utilisateurs. Dans cette thèse nous proposons deux approches pour l’amélioration des performances de la dissémination de données. La première approche, plus adaptée à une configuration mobile, consiste à utiliser des connexions D2D en point-à-point sur une topologie plate pour les échanges de données. Nos évaluations montrent que notre approche permet de réduire les temps de dissémination jusqu’à 60% par rapport à l’utilisation du Wi-Fi seul. De plus, nous veillons à avoir une répartition équitable de la charge énergétique sur les périphériques afin de préserver les batteries les plus faibles du réseau. Nous avons pu voir qu’avec la prise en compte de l’autonomie des batteries et de la bande passante, la sollicitation des batteries les plus faibles peut être réduite de manière conséquente. La deuxième approche, plus adaptée à des configurations statiques, consiste à mettre en place des topologies hiérarchiques dans lesquelles on regroupe les périphériques par clusters. Dans chaque cluster, un périphérique est élu pour être le relais des données qu’il recevra depuis le serveur et qu’il transmettra à ses voisins. Cette approche permet de gérer plus efficacement les interférences en adaptant la puissance du signal afin de limiter la portée des clusters. Dans ce cas, nous avons observé jusqu’à 30 % de gains en temps de dissémination. Dans la continuité des travaux de cette thèse, nous discutons de plusieurs perspectives qu’il serait intéressant d’entreprendre par la suite, notamment l’adaptation automatique du protocole de dissémination à l’état du réseau et l’utilisation simultanée des deux types de topologie plate et hiérarchiqueWe are witnessing a proliferation of mobile technologies and an increasing volume of data used by mobile applications. Devices consume thus more and more bandwidth. In this thesis, we focus on dense Wi-Fi networks during large-scale events (such as conferences). In this context, the bandwidth consumption and the interferences caused by the parallel downloads of a large volume of data by several mobile devices that are connected to the same Wi-Fi network degrade the performance of the dissemination. Device-to-Device (D2D) communication technologies such as Bluetooth or Wi-Fi Direct can be used in order to improve network performance to deliver better QoE to users. In this thesis we propose two approaches for improving the performance of data dissemination. The first approach, more suited to a dynamic configuration, is to use point-to-point D2D connections on a flat topology for data exchange. Our evaluations show that our approach can reduce dissemination times by up to 60% compared to using Wi-Fi alone. In addition, we ensure a fair distribution of the energy load on the devices to preserve the weakest batteries in the network. We have observed that by taking into account the battery life and the bandwidth of mobile devices, the solicitation of the weakest batteries can be reduced significantly. The second approach, more adapted to static configurations, consists in setting up hierarchical topologies by gathering mobile devices in small clusters. In each cluster, a device is chosen to relay the data that it receives from the server and forwards it to its neighbors. This approach helps to manage interference more efficiently by adjusting the signal strength in order to limit cluster reach. In this case, we observed up to 30% gains in dissemination time. In the continuity of this thesis work, we discuss three perspectives which would be interesting to be undertaken, in particular the automatic adaptation of the dissemination to the state of the network and the simultaneous use of both topology types, flat and hierarchical
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Fotue, Fotso David Bertrand. "Agrégation et routage efficace de données dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fils." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0066/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les Réseaux de Capteurs Sans Fils (RCSFs) ont pris beaucoup d'importance dans plusieurs domaines tels que l'industrie, l'armée, la pollution atmosphérique etc. Les capteurs sont alimentés par des batteries qui ne sont pas faciles à remplacer surtout dans les environnements peu accessibles. L'énergie de chaque capteur est considérée comme la source première d'augmentation de la durée de vie des RCSFs. Puisque la transmission de données est plus coûteuse en consommation d'énergie, notre préoccupation première est de proposer une technique efficace de transmission des données de tous les capteurs vers le sink tout en réduisant la consommation en énergie. Nous suggérons trois trois algorithmes d'agrégation de données basé sur la construction d'arbres : Depth-First Search Aggregation (DFSA), Flooding Aggregation (FA) et Well-Connected Dominating Set Aggregation (WCDSA) qui permettront de réduire le nombre de transmissions de chaque capteur vers le sink. L'agrégation des données basée sur la construction d'arbres souffre du délai de délivrance de données parce que les parents doivent attendre de recevoir les données de leurs feuilles. Certains parents pourraient avoir beaucoup de feuilles, et il serait alors assez coûteux pour un parent de stocker toutes les données entrantes dans sa mémoire. Ainsi, nous devons déterminer le temps que chaque parent doit mettre pour agréger et traiter les données de ses feuilles. Nous proposons un algorithme, Efficient Tree-based Aggregation and Processing Time (ETAPT) qui utilise la métrique Appropriate Data Aggregation and Processing Time (ADAPT). Etant donné la durée maximale acceptable, l'algorithme ETAPT prend en compte la position des parents, le nombre de feuilles et la profondeur de l'arbre pour calculer l'ADAPT optimal. A n'importe quel moment pendant l'agrégation des données par les parents, il peut arriver que la quantité de données collectées soit très grande et dépasse la quantité de stockage maximale de données que peut contenir leurs mémoires. Nous proposons l'introduction dans le réseau de plusieurs collecteurs de données appelés Mini-Sinks (MSs). Ces MSs sont mobiles et se déplacent selon un modèle de mobilité aléatoire dans le réseau pour maintenir la connexité afin d'assurer la collecte contrôlée des données basée sur le protocole de routage Mulipath Energy Conserving Routing Protocol (MECRP). Les capteurs peuvent être équipés de plusieurs interfaces radios partageant un seul canal sans fil avec lequel ils peuvent communiquer avec plusieurs voisins. La transmission des données à travers une liaison de communication entre deux parents peut interférer avec les transmissions d'autres liaisons si elles transmettent à travers le même canal. Nous avons besoin de savoir quel canal utiliser en présence de plusieurs canaux pour une transmission donnée. Nous proposons une méthode distribuée appelée: Well Connected Dominating Set Channel Assignement (WCDS-CA), pour calculer le nombre de canaux qui seront alloués à tous les capteurs de telle sorte que les capteurs adjacents se voient attribués des canaux différentsWireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have gained much attention in a large range of technical fields such as industrial, military, environmental monitoring etc. Sensors are powered by batteries, which are not easy to replace in harsh environments. The energy stored by each sensor is the greatest impediment for increasing WSN lifetime. Since data transmission consumes more energy, our major concern is how to efficiently transmit the data from all sensors towards a sink. We suggest three tree-based data aggregation algorithms: Depth-First Search Aggregation (DFSA), Flooding Aggregation (FA) and Well-Connected Dominating Set Aggregation (WCDSA) to reduce the number of transmissions from each sensor towards the sink. Tree-based data aggregation suffers from increased data delivery time because the parents must wait for the data from their leaves. Some parents might have many leaves, making it very expensive for a parent to store all incoming data in its buffer. We need to determine the aggregation time each parent in the tree has to spend in aggregating and processing the data from its leaves. We propose an Efficient Tree-based Aggregation and Processing Time (ETAPT) algorithm using Appropriate Data Aggregation and Processing Time (ADAPT) metric. Given the maximum acceptable latency, ETAPT's algorithm takes into account the position of parents, their number of leaves and the depth of the tree, in order to compute an optimal ADAPT time. At any time, the amount of data aggregated by parents may become greater than the amount of data that can be forwarded. We propose the introduction into the network of many data aggregators called Mini-Sinks (MSs). MSs are mobile and move according to a random mobility model inside the sensor field to maintain the fully-connected network in order to aggregate the data based on the controlled Multipath Energy Conserving Routing Protocol (MECRP). Sensors may use many radio interfaces sharing a single wireless channel, which they may use to communicate with several neighbours. Two sensors operating on the same wireless channel may interfere with each other during the transmission of data. We need to know which channel to use in the presence of multiple channels for a given transmission. We propose a distributed Well-Connected Dominating Set Channel Assignment (WCDS-CA) approach, in which the number of channels that are needed over all sensor nodes in the network in such a way that adjacent sensor nodes are assigned to distinct channels
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Van, Den Berg Cindy. "Quels leviers pour une collaboration efficace ? : le rôle de la confiance et de la culture : le cas de la fusion-acquisition entre Air-France et KLM." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Le mode de développement externe le plus répandu pour faire face à l’environnement changeant des entreprises (Jacob et Poitras, 2015) est la fusion-acquisition (Meier et Schier, 2012). L’objectif principal des fusions-acquisitions est souvent la recherche de synergies. Or, pour réaliser les objectifs de la nouvelle entité, les individus doivent collaborer afin de créer l’efficacité collective qui permettra d’ajouter de la valeur au travail réalisé (Morin, 2015). Néanmoins, dans la littérature scientifique, nous ne retrouvons pas les déterminants de la collaboration interindividuelle.Cette thèse propose un modèle de recherche intégrant les différents déterminants de la collaboration. Elle accorde une attention particulière à la mesure de l’influence de la confiance et de la culture sur l’efficacité de la collaboration. À l’appui d’une étude empirique qualitative fondée sur 44 entretiens et d'une étude quantitative reposant sur 301 réponses, les deux effectuées au sein d’Air France-KLM, nous avons pu montrer que la confiance et la culture ont une influence particulière lorsqu’il s’agit de l’efficacité de la collaboration.Notre étude confirme, dans un premier temps, l’importance de l’efficacité de la collaboration en montrant qu’elle détermine pour 68 % la réalisation des objectifs. Ensuite, nous observons que la confiance est l’élément essentiel pour une bonne communication et une forte cohésion sociale, qui expliquent à leur tour ensemble 58 % de l’efficacité de la collaboration. Ainsi, nous constatons que la confiance interpersonnelle influence l’efficacité de la collaboration de manière indirecte. Cela est aussi le cas pour la culture. La distance hiérarchique au sein de la culture d’entreprise et l’évitement de l’incertitude au niveau de la culture nationale ont une influence négative sur la confiance et la cohésion sociale. De même, nous remarquons qu’il existe également une influence indirecte de la culture des individus sur l’efficacité de la collaborationMerger-acquisition is the most widespread mode of external development for dealing with the changing environment of business (Jacob and Poitras, 2015). The main objective of a merger-acquisition is most often seeking for synergies. However, in order to achieve the objectives of the new entity, individuals must work together to create collective efficiency that adds value to the work they realize (Morin, 2015). Nevertheless, we find no studies in the scientific literature on how to promote effective inter-individual collaboration after a merger-acquisition.This PhD proposes a research model integrating the various determinants of collaboration and pays particular attention to the extent of the influence of trust and culture that play, according to the existing literature, an important role in the effectiveness of inter-individual collaboration. The results of a qualitative study, based on 44 interviews, and a quantitative study, based on 301 questionnaires, that are both realized at Air France-KLM, allow us to see that trust and culture have an important and indirect influence on the effectiveness of collaboration.Our study confirms firstly the importance of studying inter-individual collaboration by showing that its effectiveness determines 68% of the realization of the objectives of the organization. Secondly, we observe that trust is essential for good communication and strong social cohesion, which in turn account for 58% of the effectiveness of collaboration. Thus, we remark that interpersonal trust influences the effectiveness of collaboration indirectly. This is also the case for culture. Power distances in corporate culture and avoidance of uncertainty in national culture have a negative impact on trust and social cohesion. Since social cohesion and communication determine the effectiveness of collaboration, we could conclude that cultural aspects influence the effectiveness of collaboration indirectly
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Tremblay, Marie-Claude. "Effets des appels émotionnels et rationnels sur l'évaluation affective des publicités électorales télévisées." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25078/25078.pdf.
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Uznanski, Przemyslaw. "Large scale platform : Instantiable models and algorithmic design of communication schemes." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00878837.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The increasing popularity of Internet bandwidth-intensive applications prompts us to consider followingproblem: How to compute efficient collective communication schemes on large-scale platform?The issue of designing a collective communication in the context of a large scale distributed networkis a difficult and a multi-level problem. A lot of solutions have been extensively studied andproposed. But a new, comprehensive and systematic approach is required, that combines networkmodels and algorithmic design of solutions.In this work we advocate the use of models that are able to capture real-life network behavior,but also are simple enough that a mathematical analysis of their properties and the design of optimalalgorithms is achievable.First, we consider the problem of the measuring available bandwidth for a given point-topointconnection. We discuss how to obtain reliable datasets of bandwidth measurements usingPlanetLab platform, and we provide our own datasets together with the distributed software usedto obtain it. While those datasets are not a part of our model per se, they are necessary whenevaluating the performance of various network algorithms. Such datasets are common for latencyrelatedproblems, but very rare when dealing with bandwidth-related ones.Then, we advocate for a model that tries to accurately capture the capabilities of a network,named LastMile model. This model assumes that essentially the congestion happens at the edgesconnecting machines to the wide Internet. It has a natural consequence in a bandwidth predictionalgorithm based on this model. Using datasets described earlier, we prove that this algorithm is ableto predict with an accuracy comparable to best known network prediction algorithm (DistributedMatrix Factorization) available bandwidth between two given nodes. While we were unable toimprove upon DMF algorithm in the field of point-to-point prediction, we show that our algorithmhas a clear advantage coming from its simplicity, i.e. it naturally extends to the network predictionsunder congestion scenario (multiple connections sharing a bandwidth over a single link). We areactually able to show, using PlanetLab datasets, that LastMile prediction is better in such scenarios.In the third chapter, we propose new algorithms for solving the large scale broadcast problem.We assume that the network is modeled by the LastMile model. We show that under thisassumption, we are able to provide algorithms with provable, strong approximation ratios. Takingadvantage of the simplicity and elasticity of the model, we can even extend it, so that it captures theidea of connectivity artifacts, in our case firewalls preventing some nodes to communicate directlybetween each other. In the extended case we are also able to provide approximation algorithmswith provable performance.The chapters 1 to 3 form three successful steps of our program to develop from scratch amathematical network communication model, prove it experimentally, and show that it can beapplied to develop algorithms solving hard problems related to design of communication schemesin networks.In the chapter 4 we show how under different network cost models, using some simplifyingassumptions on the structure of network and queries, one can design very efficient communicationschemes using simple combinatorial techniques. This work is complementary to the previous chapter in the sense that previously when designing communication schemes, we assumed atomicityof connections, i.e. that we have no control over routing of simple connections. In chapter 4 weshow how to solve the problem of an efficient routing of network request, given that we know thetopology of the network. It shows the importance of instantiating the parameters and the structureof the network in the context of designing efficient communication schemes.
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El, Oued Besma. "Les enjeux des spots télévisés pour la lutte contre le sida en France de 1986 à 2005, entre fiction et réalité : quête d'une méthode efficace d'influence." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010501.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A la lumière d'une étude sociologique menée sur trois périodes du sida: la construction de l'événement, la ritualisation du phénomène transforme en une sorte d'épidémie ou en «mort collective », puis la période durant laquelle le sida est enfin conçu comme maladie, notre thèse portera sur l'analyse des spots a titre de prévention, il nous sera important de relever chez les metteurs en scène le choix d'éviter le modeler publicitaire. Ils ont désormais tendance à profiter surtout de l'apport cinématographique et documentaire. Cette stratégie n'est autre que celle de la banalisation de la question sida, soit à travers la transmission intégrale de la quotidienneté soit par la simulation du réel, ou alors en introduisant des éléments referant au quotidien que ce soit à travers un ouvrage symbolique ou même publicitaire.
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Crépé-Renaudin, S. "Outils et analyse en physique des particules : morceaux choisis La grille de calcul et de stockage pour le LHC : de la mise en place d'un nœud de grille à l'utilisation de la grille par l'expérience ATLAS Mesure de la section efficace de production top-antitop avec l'expérience d0 auprès du Tevatron." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00919967.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La recherche en physique des particules recouvre des activités diverses depuis la conception des expériences, la mise en route et le suivi des détecteurs, le traitement des données et leur analyse, jusqu'à la communication des résultats aux scientifiques et au grand public. Le document illustre différentes facettes de cette recherche via: la description de la grille de calcul et de stockage qui permet le traitement des données enregistrées par les expériences du LHC et en particulier par l'expérience ATLAS; une mesure de la section efficace top-antitop avec l'expérience D0 auprès du Tevatron; la description de quelques actions de diffusion des connaissances auprès du grand public.
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Qabur, Ibrahim. "FACTORS INFLUENCING EFFICACY OF CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENT IN SAUDI ARABIA." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1528220206039982.
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Berthou, Gautier. "Vers des communications anonymes et efficaces." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENM029/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cette thèse porte sur la transmission d'informations dans les réseaux d'ordinateurs. Nous nous sommes plus particulièrement penchés sur deux aspects de ce problème : les communications anonymes sur Internet en présence de nœuds rationnels (aussi appelés “égoïstes") et la diffusion à ordre uniformément total dans le cadre d'une grappe de machines. Concernant le premier aspect, nous avons constaté qu'il n'existait pas de protocole de communications anonymes fonctionnant en présence de nœuds rationnels et capable de monter en charge (c'est à dire de fonctionner efficacement en présence d'un grand nombre de noeuds). Nous avons donc proposé RAC, le premier protocole de communications anonymes capable de monter en charge et fonctionnant en présence de nœuds rationnels. Concernant le deuxième aspect, nous avons constaté qu'il n'existait pas de protocole de diffusion à ordre uniformément total assurant à la fois un débit optimal et une latence faible. Nous avons donc proposé FastCast, le premier protocole de diffusion à ordre uniformément total garantissant un débit optimal tout en assurant une latence faibleThis theses focuses on information dissemination in computer networks. We study two aspects of this topic : anonymous communication on Internet in presence of rational nodes and uniform total order broadcast in a computer cluster. Concerning the first aspect, we observed that no anonymous communication protocol is capable of working in presence of rational nodes while scaling existed. Therefore, we proposed RAC, the first anonymous communication protocol functioning in presence of rational nodes and able of scaling. Concerning the second aspect, we observed that no existing uniform total order broadcast protocol is capable of ensuring both a good latency and an optimal throughput. In order to fill this lack we proposed FastCast, the first uniform total order
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Alhassan, Mustapha [Verfasser], Stefan [Gutachter] Wilm, and Andrea [Gutachter] Icks. "Communication skills training (CST) to enhance nursing and midwifery students’ empathy, communicative competence, communication skills attitude, and self-efficacy / Mustapha Alhassan. Gutachter: Stefan Wilm ; Andrea Icks." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1104367041/34.
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Kandies, Jerry T. "Electronic mail: attitudes, self-efficacy, and effective communication." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39999.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this study was (a) to investigate the functional use of e-mail in a university setting and the relationship of attitudes toward and self-efficacy with email technology, and (b) to evaluate writing effectiveness in an electronic medium. The study also sought to determine if certain personal characteristics could serve as predictor variables for explaining e-mail use, attitudes toward email, and self-efficacy with e-mail technology.
The population of interest was the teaching faculty at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University who had a published e-mail address. A random sample of 500 faculty were sent a survey via campus mail. A total of 262 usable responses provided data for statistical treatment which included factor analysis and multiple regression. Additionally, 30 self-selected respondents provided copies of e-mail messages they had written. These messages were rated holistically for writing effectiveness, and the ratings were examined for their relationship with the extent of e-mail use, attitudes toward e-mail, and self-efficacy with e-mail technology.
The items on the attitude toward e-mail scale clustered into two factors, "Usefulness," and "Comfort/Anxiety." The items on the e-mail purposes of use scale also clustered into two factors, "Task Use," and "Social Use." These factors were similar to the ones on the instruments from which this study's instrument was adapted.
The results of the regression analyses indicated that several of the variables were significant predictors of e-mail use, attitudes toward e-mail, and self-efficacy with e-mail technology. An attitude of e-mail's usefulness and self-efficacy with e-mail technology were significant predictors of the extent of e-mail task and social use. Self-efficacy was a significant predictor of positive attitudes of usefulness and comfort. Age was a significant predictor of social use of e-mail as well as of a positive attitude of e-mail's usefulness. Years e-mail had been used was a significant predictor of the extent of e-mail use and of self-efficacy. Higher ranking teaching faculty had more positive attitudes of e-mail's usefulness.
The results of analyses of holistic ratings indicate no significant correlations existed among the variables. Recommendations for instruction and for further research are described.Ph. D.
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Kandies, Jerry. "Electronic mail : attitudes, self-efficacy, and effective communication /." This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10192006-115608/.
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Achouri, Youssef. "Implémentation efficace de la FFT pour des communications OFDM." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2010. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1524/1/030165865.pdf.
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Watson, Brendan R. "Speaking up in the 21st century the effects of communication apprehension and internet self-efficacy on use of social networking websites /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4951.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on April 7, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.
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DeSilva, Malini. "Efficacy of Print Media Risk Communication About Antibiotic Resistance." Thesis, Boston College, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/427.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis advisor: Roche P. JohnThe growing threat of antibiotic resistance makes it extremely important that citizens be informed about the risks posed by antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and measures with which they can reduce these risks. The print media are major sources of such information for members of the public. In the present study, articles from major newspapers in the United States and Canada appearing between 1998 and 2002 were surveyed to determine the extent to which mention was made of antibiotic resistance and the risks associated with antibiotic resistance, the contextual precision with which this information was communicated, and the extent to which information was presented about causes, and risk-reduction measures, associated with antibiotic resistance. The majority of articles surveyed mentioned antibiotic resistance, but most failed to mention associated risks (i.e., the risk of illness and/or the risk of mortality). Articles that did report risks, did so only at a low level of contextual precision. A relatively low percentage of articles mentioned causes of antibiotic resistance, and even fewer mentioned risk reduction measures. These findings suggest that the print media could improve the efficacy with which they inform the public about issues associated with antibiotic resistance
Thesis (BS) — Boston College, 2003
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Biology
Discipline: College Honors Program
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Brunner, Jason. "Communication medium : effects on affect, self-efficacy, and goals." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1001.
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XAVIER, ADRIANA NOGUEIRA. "COMMUNICATION AND PROMOTIONS: THE SYMBOLIC EFFICACY IN THE CONTEMPORARY CONSUMPTION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2015. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=26128@1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
Este trabalho tem por objetivo realizar uma reflexão acerca do consumo de bens em promoções de vendas, estratégia comercial muito utilizada no varejo, para estimular compras com promessas de vantagens e benefícios aos consumidores. A promoção é observada aqui como um fato social, culturalmente constituído, como um fenômeno generalizado e social. Estamos, pois, diante de uma maneira coletiva de ação, de pensamentos, de crenças e de sentimentos que apresentam como propriedade marcante algo que move e torna os indivíduos propensos a comprar. A partir da análise de narrativas midiáticas e dos discursos de um grupo estudado – mulheres das camadas médias do Rio de Janeiro –, informantes de uma pesquisa qualitativa, observam-se as motivações simbólicas que se fundem às motivações práticas e que levam ao consumo em ações promocionais. A razão simbólica é identificada aqui operando também em sistemas cujas características centrais seriam a razão e o utilitarismo prático. Nesse ponto, captamos o caráter mágico das promoções e a sua eficácia simbólica no campo do consumo.
This study aims to develop a reflection on the consumer goods sales promotions, a business strategy widely used in retail to stimulate purchases with promises of advantages and benefits to consumers. The promotion is seen here as a social fact, culturally constituted, as a generalized and social phenomenon. We are therefore faced with a collective way of action, thoughts, beliefs and feelings that move and make individuals likely to buy. From the media narratives and discourses analysis of a study group – women of the middle classes of Rio de Janeiro – informants of a qualitative research, we observe the merging of symbolic motivations with practical motivations that lead to consumption during promotional activities. The symbolic reason ends up operating in systems which have reason and practical utilitarianism as central features. At this point we capture the magical character of deals and their symbolic efficacy in the consumption field.
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Gerdes, Julie Marie. "Risk of Compliance: Tracing Safety and Efficacy in Mef-Lariam's Licensure." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5222.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Walter Reed Institute of Army Research developed the antimalarial drug mefloquine then collaborated with Hoffman-La Roche to produce the drug under its brand name "Lariam," after Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved licensure in 1989. For over twenty years, the Army used this pill as its "drug of choice" for soldiers deployed to endemic regions until 2009, and in 2013 the Food and Drug Administration warned that the drug's neurotoxic effects could be lasting, if not permanent. The sociopolitical exigence of developing a new biochemical antimalarial drug rushed the development and licensure processes, and the modern craving for certainty in the New Drug Application (NDA) process led to a biomedical disaster-- economically, politically, and interpersonally. In this paper, I present the factors contributing to uncertainty and heightened exigence in the development of what I call "mef-Lariam" in a nod to Latourian hybridization. By tracing the history of the drug's development process, I argue that definitional stasis around the NDA genre's terms safe and effective undergird a dangerous ontological orientation to medicine that privileges an ethic of expediency. Finally, I argue that actor-network theory can help medical rhetors apply a more ethical, multiple view of medical research that could prevent the future licensure of toxic pharmaceuticals.
27
Wermer, Lauryn. "Efficacy of Coaching a Paraprofessional to Promote Communication for a Student with Autism and Complex Communication Needs." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1461272022.
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28
Hagemeier, Nicholas E., Rick Hess, Kyle S. Hagen, and Emily L. Sorah. "Impact of an Interprofessional Communication Course on Nursing, Medical, and Pharmacy Students’ Communication Skill Self-Efficacy Beliefs." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1475.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective. To describe an interprofessional communication course in an academic health sciences center and to evaluate and compare interpersonal and interprofessional communication self-efficacy beliefs of medical, nursing, and pharmacy students before and after course participation, using Bandura’s self-efficacy theory as a guiding framework.
Design. First-year nursing (n=36), first-year medical (n=73), and second-year pharmacy students (n=83) enrolled in an interprofessional communication skills development course voluntarily completed a 33-item survey instrument based on Interprofessional Education Collaborative (IPEC) core competencies prior to and upon completion of the course during the fall semester of 2012.
Assessment. Nursing students entered the course with higher interpersonal and interprofessional communication self-efficacy beliefs compared to medical and pharmacy students. Pharmacy students, in particular, noted significant improvements in communication self-efficacy beliefs across multiple domains postcourse.
Conclusion. Completion of an interprofessional communications course was associated with a positive impact on health professions students’ interpersonal and interprofessional communication self-efficacy beliefs.
29
Ginzburg, Ilan. "Athapascan-0b : intégration efficace et portable de multiprogrammation légère et de communications." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004946.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Athapascan-0b est un noyau exécutif pour machines parallèles supportant la multiprogrammation légère. Athapascan-0b permet un développement portable d'applications parallèles irrégulières et une exécution efficace de celles-ci sur un grand nombre de plates-formes. Ce document commence par la présentation du cadre dans lequel s'inscrit Athapascan-0b, à savoir les communications, la multiprogrammation légère et l'intégration de ces deux fonctionnalités. Sont ensuite présentes les concepts structurant Athapascan-0b ainsi que son interface de programmation. La problématique d'une intégration de communications et de multiprogrammation légère est posée, la réalisation d'Athapascan-0b est décrite et plus précisement le choix d'implantation, à savoir un mariage de bibliothèques existantes de multiprogrammation légère et de communications. Enfin, la performance d'Athapascan-0b est evaluée, comparée à la performance des bibliothèques au dessus desquelles il a été développé. L'exécution de quelques exemples est analysée afin de mieux comprendre les mécanismes en jeu.
30
Folck, Alcinda L. "Trouble in the air: Farmers’ perceptions of risk, self-efficacy, and response efficacy regarding herbicide drift." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1512135233700015.
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31
Brannon, Laura Ann. "Cognitive mediation of the efficacy of scarcity appeals in compliance-seeking communication /." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487844485899026.
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32
Peterson, Tina. "Seeing, believing and cooking: Visual communication, food-media literacy, and self-efficacy." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2012. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/181001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mass Media and CommunicationPh.D.
Food media such as cookbooks, magazines, and television programs have become enormously popular in the last 15 to 20 years, but they have remained relatively unexamined in empirical media research. The focus of this project is the audience's perception of visual food media, specifically the capacity for critical evaluation of such media by adult women. `Food-media literacy' is the term coined in this work to describe such critical competence. The first phase of this project began to conceptualize food-media literacy with a pair of focus groups in which participants examined a series of print food advertisements. Discussion in the groups was guided by several of the core questions of media literacy. In the second phase, an experiment was conducted to examine the influence of a slick, professionally styled photo on an adult woman's interpretation of the recipe it illustrated. The primary hypothesis was that such an image would make the subject less likely to respond with confidence that she could follow the recipe and produce a similar result - a self-efficacious response. Other data collected in the experiment were the subjects' food-media literacy, cooking experience, food media use, experience using digital imaging technology, and cognitive style. The primary statistical analysis did not detect a significant relationship between the quality of the photo illustration and the subjects' self-efficacious response. Secondary analysis revealed that cooking experience was the only factor that influenced self-efficacy. Additional analyses confirmed the validity of the food-media literacy scale, and revealed important insights regarding the role of experience with digital imaging technology, and subjects' perception of food media as a genre.
Temple University--Theses
33
Roberts, Martin. "An investigation into communication apprehension and self-efficacy of first year accountancy students." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2017. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/16550/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It has been identified by research as early as 1986 (AAA's Bedford Report) that the business community requires accountants to display a wide range of vocational skills beyond the traditional requirement of just being good at the numbers. Denna et al. in 1993 identified that due to the increasing influence of Information Technology, accountants needed to possess a strong understanding of business, have significant interpersonal skills and leadership skills. The key vocational skill needed for this new philosophy that enables businesses to continually respond to a constantly changing world is communication (Stout and DaCrema 2004), but it has been noted that this skill is particularly lacking amongst accountants in either a written or verbal manner (Dagget and Liu 1997, Hirsch and Collins 1988, Borzi and Mills 2001, O'Connell 2015, Ireland 2016). The testing and results for one-hundred and thirty-one first year undergraduate accounting students indicate that many students possess high levels of communication apprehension (as first defined by McCroskey 1970). McCroskey's intervention to help reduce communication apprehension is too expensive both in terms of time and resources required. Therefore this thesis investigates the use of self-efficacy techniques (as advocated by Bandura 1977, 1986, 2006) in the first year accounting pedagogy at Sheffield Hallam University. The investigation into communication self-efficacy techniques may be limited to Sheffield Hallam University's first year undergraduate accounting and business studies students but it does indicate that different pedagogical interventions must be created to help male and female accounting students. Both and male and female accounting students indicated that the technique which had the strongest influence on their communication self-efficacy was that of personal mastery (practice). Male accounting students went on to suggest that support by their class colleagues and their tutor acting as a mentor had a significant influence. For female accounting students what has come through strongly is the need for more female accounting role models. There is a call for female professional accountants to get involved with universities. This involvement needs to be in the form of influencing the curriculum and giving guest lectures. This involvement will hopefully allow the female students to vicariously experience (observe) and gain inspiration to be the next future generation of female professional accountants.
34
Hess, Richard, Nicholas E. Hagemeier, Kyle S. Hagen, and Emily L. Sorah. "Interprofessional and Interpersonal Communication: Self-Efficacy Beliefs of Academic Health Science Center Students." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1460.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objectives: To assess and compare interprofessional and interpersonal communication self-efficacy beliefs of medical, nursing and pharmacy students before and after participation in a communication skills course. Method: Using self-efficacy as a theoretical framework, a 37-item survey instrument was developed based on Interprofessional Education Collaborative (IPEC) Core Competencies and course learning objectives. Medical, nursing, and pharmacy students voluntarily completed the survey instrument before and after the required course. Nonparametric tests were employed to examine matched pre- and post-assessments within colleges and to explore differences in self-efficacy beliefs across college. Results: A response rate of 87% (168/193) was achieved. Overall, nursing students entered the course with higher self-efficacy beliefs as compared to medical and pharmacy students. Pharmacy students indicated particularly low self-efficacy beliefs regarding their ability to communicate with other health professionals (p=0.009) and contribute to healthcare teams (p=0.002). Matched pre/post analyses indicated statically significant increases in student self-efficacy beliefs across all colleges. After the course, pharmacy students continued to perceive a relative lack of confidence in their ability to develop positive relationships with other health care providers as compared to medical and nursing students (p=0.02). Implications: Our findings suggest that completion of an interprofessional communications course was associated with a positive effect on self-efficacy beliefs aligned with IPEC competencies across all colleges. Pharmacy students, in particular, noted significant improvements in self-efficacy beliefs across multiple domains. Research is being conducted to examine relationships between validated observational assessments and student self-perceptions.
35
Donohue, John J. "Impact of descriptive versus evaluative constructive feedback on public speakers' performance self-efficacy." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ66146.pdf.
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36
LIU, KAIYA. "Regulatory Focus and Reliance on Response Efficacy and Self-Efficacy in Health Attitude Change." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1218564564.
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Edgar, Don Wayne. "Structured communication: effects on teaching efficacy of student teachers and student teacher - cooperating teacher relationships." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5975.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Teaching efficacy beliefs of agricultural science student teachers, and their relationship with their cooperating teachers during field experiences, are variables that may affect the number of student teachers entering the profession. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects implementing structured communication between student teachers and cooperating teachers would have on student teachersâ self-perceived teaching efficacy, and the relationship between the student teacher and cooperating teacher during the student teaching experience. The learning environment of these field experiences must be more fully understood to explain why some student teachers enter the profession of agriculture science teaching, and others do not. A conceptual model guiding this study, based upon a thorough review of the literature, explains the role of constructivism, teaching efficacy, and communication theory. This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a non-random sample in a multiple time-series design. The average respondent in this study was a 23 year old white undergraduate female placed at a multiple placement cooperating center. Respondents in an environment where the amount and type of communication between student teachers and cooperating teachers was structured were less efficacious when compared to those respondents who were not in a structured communication setting. In addition, student teachers in a structured communication environment declined in their teaching efficacy measurements overall, whereas student teachers who were not involved in structured communication increased in their self-perceived teaching efficacy levels. Through contrast analysis, the age and academic standing of student teachers significantly affected their perception of the value cooperating teachers placed upon student teacher â cooperating teacher relationships. Structured communication influences student teachersâ beliefs regarding their ability to teach and their perception of their relationship with the cooperating teacher. In order to better understand the perceptions of student teachers regarding their teaching efficacy levels, and the student teacher â cooperating teacher relationship, additional research should be conducted in these identified areas. In addition, further research should be conducted on these variables at other institutions of higher education with teacher preparation programs in agricultural education.
38
Ameur, Hocine Abdelhakim. "Vers des réseaux hétérogènes sans fil efficaces en consommation énergétique." Thesis, Troyes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TROY0034.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L’environnement subit des dégradations importantes causées par l’utilisation des énergies non renouvelables. Plus particulièrement, le secteur des technologies de l’information et de la communication est responsable de l’émission de 2% du taux mondial de carbone. Les statistiques montrent que l’énergie consommée par les réseaux sans fil constitue 10% de l’énergie globale consommée annuellement. Avec la prolifération des objets connectés, les réseaux cellulaires deviennent le moyen de communication le plus utilisé. De ce fait, ces réseaux commencent à adopter un déploiement hétérogène afin de faire face au manque de capacité dans les infrastructures actuelles.Dans cette thèse, nous nous concentrons principalement sur l’étude de l’économie d’énergie dans les réseaux cellulaires et en particulier, l’énergie consommée par les réseaux cellulaires hétérogènes (Heterogeneous Networks, HetNet), connus pour leur rôle principal dans les futures architectures de communication, à savoir la 5G. Les HetNets se distinguent par l’utilisation de différents moyens et technologies d’accès. En plus des stations de base conventionnelles, ces réseaux introduisent le concept des «Small Cells» qui se caractérise par l’utilisation de Microcells, Picocells et/ou Femtocells. Cette diversité offre plusieurs avantages au niveau de l’efficacité spectrale, de la capacité et de la couverture réseauThe environment is undergoing a significant damage caused by the use of non-renewable energy sources. The information and communications technology sector is responsible for 2% of the global carbon footprint. Statistics show also that the energy consumed by wireless networks represents around 10% of the annual energy consumption. With the widespread of the Internet of Things, cellular networks are becoming the most used communication technology. Therefore, these networks start using heterogeneous infrastructures to address the lack of capacity.In this thesis, we focus on studying the energy saving problem within cellular networks. In particular, the energy consumed by heterogeneous cellular networks, which are known by their main importance in the future communication architectures namely, 5G networks. Heterogeneous networks (HetNets) use different types of access technologies. In addition to the conventional base stations, these networks introduce the concept of small cells which is characterized by the use of Microcells, Picocells and Femtocells. This diversity offers several advantages in terms of spectral efficiency, network coverage and capacity
39
Johansson, Emelie. "Students' Motivation for Verbal Communication in the Classroom." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-34840.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this dissertation is to explore what underlying factors play into students´ motivation towards participating in verbal communication in the classroom. The first aim is to find out what the students themselves express and believe motivates them to learn spoken English, and the second aim is to find out what the students feel hinders them from engaging in verbal communication in the classroom. This qualitative study is based on questionnaires followed by group interviews with students who were selected as a result of the survey. The study was carried out at an upper secondary school in southern Sweden in the courses English A and B. The results show that the students are motivated both by the relevance of English for their future studies and professions as well as the will to identify with English speaking cultures, thus showing a combination of instrumental and integrative motivation. The students also express elements such as speaking anxiety and group size to be a hindrance in their language learning. In addition, several points were made regarding how the teacher might help the students participate more in oral communication through for example arranging smaller groups, only allowing English and having more speaking exercises in class.
40
Piasecki, Kristen. "ANALYZING ORGANIZATIONAL MISSION STATEMENT EFFICACY COMPARING NARRATIVE AND NON-NARRATIVE AUDIO VISUAL AND TEXTUAL TRANSMISSION." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1505817556324649.
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41
Herbert, Morgan E. "Efficacy of Peer Network Interventions for Students with Severe Disabilities and Complex Communication Challenges." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1542206024262607.
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42
Wolfersberger-Melcher, Deborah Rae. "Children's self-efficacy and perceived problem-solving skills, an investigation of parental communication styles." Scholarly Commons, 1988. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2164.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A number of studies have investigated the factors that lead to peer acceptance in children. Particularly, the problem-solving skills of accepted and unaccepted children have been examined, with differences being substantiated. The present study investigated the possibility that problem-solving skill differences may be attributed to varying self-efficacy levels in children. Further, the communication styles of parents of high vs. low self-efficacy children were examined by observing parent/child interactions in a problem-solving situation. The results indicated that children did not differ in their ability to identify effective solutions to problems; rather, they did differ in their perceived ability to engage in effective solutions, with high self-efficacy children choosing more appropriate solutions as those that they would actually enact. Low self-efficacy children, on the other hand, chose less appropriate solutions as those that they would engage in. Finally, it was discovered that parents of high self-efficacy children utilized more positive types of messages (praise and modeling) than did those parents of low self-efficacy children. Low self-efficacy children had parents who utilized more controlling and negative types of communication styles. This study supports the motion that parents may be a significant contributing factor in the development of their child’s self-efficacy, which in turn affects the social problem-solving skills of children.
43
Allen, Marissa. "Evaluating the Efficacy of Auditory and Visual Signals on Functional Communication Under Escape Conditions." OpenSIUC, 2012. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/785.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Individuals with developmental disabilities often have limited verbal repertoires and may engage in maladaptive behaviors in lieu of appropriate behaviors to access preferred stimuli. Functional Communication Training (FCT), although an efficacious treatment to reduce occurrences of maladaptive behavior, may result in unmanageable rates of the communicative response. Research has shown that gradually introducing a multiple schedule of reinforcement can ameliorate these high rates. To date, no studies have attempted the gradual introduction of a multiple schedule with behavior sensitive to negative reinforcement. Moreover, although evidence exists in the basic literature for the use of auditory stimuli as discriminative stimuli for the components of a multiple schedule, there is a paucity of applied research on multiple schedules with auditory signals. In the current study, two participants with developmental disabilities and intact vision and hearing received FCT to teach a functionally communicative response (e.g., touching a "break" card). Once the participants acquired the response, they were exposed to a multiple schedule condition, in which either auditory or visual signals were arranged to signal the components, and a mixed schedule (control) condition in which neither component was signaled
44
Perez-Leahy, Carmen. "The Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Intensive Program for Adolescents Who Stutter: A Qualitative and Quantitative Approach." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/465045.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Communication SciencesM.A.
The primary purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of Speak Now, a five-day intensive CBT-based summer camp for adolescents who stutter, in improving communicative self-efficacy and reducing the impact of stuttering. It was predicted that attending Speak Now would lead to an increase in self-efficacy in communication situations as measured the Self Efficacy for Adolescents Scale (SEA-Scale) and a reduction in the impact of stuttering as measured by the Overall Assessment of Speakers Experience of Stuttering (OASES). Phenomenological analysis was performed of parent interviews regarding their child’s experience at camp to determine what themes emerged. Scores decreased in the sections of the OASES that measured general knowledge, reactions to stuttering, and overall quality of life, although subject variables and a small sample size probably contributed to a lack of statistical significance in the results. Phenomenological analysis of parent interviews revealed six themes: 1) campers benefitted from peer engagement with other children who stutter; 2) campers were anxious before starting camp; 3) parents benefitted from the experience of interacting with other parents of children who stutter; 4) parents benefitted from hearing the thoughts and feelings of other children who stutter; 5) parents observed an increase in confidence and relaxation for their children in speaking situations following camp; 6) parents learned about stuttering and how to help their child from camp. Clinical implications as well as directions for future research are discussed.
Temple University--Theses
45
Warren, Jami Leigh. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SERVICE LEARNING AND PUBLIC SPEAKING SELF-EFFICACY: TOWARD ENGAGING TODAY’S UNDERGRADUATES." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/comm_etds/1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study examined the role service learning might play in increasing students’ public speaking self-efficacy in a required public speaking course. By increasing students’ public speaking mastery experiences with real world audiences and by providing them with additional feedback from community professionals in the audience, a service learning approach might potentially raise students’ perceptions of public speaking selfefficacy beyond what is gained from a public speaking course taught in a traditional way. A repeated measures, quasi-experimental study design with a comparison group was utilized in this study. Participants included 274 students enrolled in service learning public speaking courses and 328 students enrolled in traditionally taught public speaking courses at the University of Kentucky during the fall 2010 semester. Students enrolled in the service learning sections participated in at least 10 hours of service at a local nonprofit agency in lieu of classroom “seat time” over the course of the semester and developed their speech assignments around the experiences they had at the agency. First, this study attempted to provide support for a new measure of public speaking selfefficacy. In addition, it examined the relationship between students’ public speaking selfefficacy and their public speaking skill, as well as whether students enrolled in the service learning sections experienced different levels of public speaking self-efficacy than their non-service learning counterparts. This study also aimed to discover which sources of self-efficacy are most influential for students in developing their public speaking self-efficacy. Finally, this study compared speech performance ratings (including overall speech performance generally and delivery, structure, and content specifically) of students enrolled in service learning sections and students enrolled in traditional sections. Overall, results provided support for a new public speaking selfefficacy scale. In addition, public speaking self-efficacy and skill were weakly correlated. Next, service-learning and non-service learning students did not differ significantly on measures of public speaking self-efficacy or skill. Finally, mastery experiences seemed to have a larger impact on public speaking self-efficacy for servicelearning students than for non-service learning students.
46
Mathew, Nishi Mary. "The effect of electronic networking on preservice elementary teachers' science teaching self-efficacy and attitude towards science teaching /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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47
Streuders, Catharina. "Communication efficacy of South African National Parks : a case study of the Karoo National Park / C. Streuders." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2139.
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48
Jorgensen, Peter Francis. "Investigating the nature of emotional appeals: An expectancy violations interpretation of the persuasive efficacy of emotional appeals." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284213.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The primary objective of this research was to investigate whether the principles of Expectancy Violations Theory could be applied to the study of emotional appeals so as to gain an alternative interpretation of the persuasive efficacy of affective messages in the social influence process. Central to this approach is the assumption that certain culturally-based norms guiding the expression of emotion exist at a societal level, and that the violations of these expectancy norms carry implications for the efficacy of persuasive attempts. Specifically, the tenets of EVT suggest that when these violations occur, message recipients will look to the perceived rewardingness of the source of the message, and then interpret the violations as positive or negative. It was posited that these evaluations, in turn, would either facilitate (in the case of positive violations) or inhibit (negative violations) the persuasion process. However, due to a number of methodological confounds in the design of the emotional messages used in this research, this study could not provide a fair test of the predictions suggested by EVT. A significant confederate by actor sex interaction described an experimental situation wherein expectancy violation or confirmation was idiosyncratic to the confederates, which is inconsistent both with the premises of EVT as well as the hypotheses stated in this research. Instead, a series of secondary analyses within confederates was undertaken in an attempt to explore the relationships between source rewardingness and message expectedness on attitude change. However, no significant relationships were found to exist. The discussion section focuses heavily on an analysis of the confounds that existed in this research, and suggestions are made for providing a remedy for similar situations in future research. Finally, directions for future research using expectancy violations theory and emotion are discussed.
49
Mulvihill, Daniel William. "A study of the self-reported patterns of physical self-efficacy and touch communication attitudes." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/834527.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this investigation was to describe patterns of physical self-efficacy and touch communication attitudes, by gender. The understanding of these two cognitive measures may contribute to the foundation for explaining the dynamics of physical, social, and emotional wellness or at least contribute to the current literature and serve as a guide for future research. Two undergraduate health science classes, consisting of 130 males and 158 females, were surveyed with a combined instrument that measured physical self-efficacy, using the Physical Self-Efficacy Inventory developed by Ryckman and colleagues (1982), and touch communication, using the TACTYPE instrument developed by Hines (1978). A secondary purpose of this study was to describe the subscale relationships between the two aforementioned instruments. Frequency tables and summary statistics were computed to describe physical self-efficacy and touch communication total scores. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to describe subscale relationships. A gender difference for total physical self-efficacy was noted. In addition, some significant, but relatively weak, correlations were described between the two instruments' subscales. This writing includes: (a) An introduction, (b) a literature review that introduces wellness, explains physical self-efficacy and touch communication, and describes their relationship to health, (c) a synopsis of the research method, (d) a descriptive report of the findings, and (e) a summary with discussion, conclusions and recommendations for future study.Department of Physiology and Health Science
50
Davis-McShan, Melaney Laine. "Impact of Computer-Mediated Communication Duration on Adolescent Social Self-Efficacy, Social Anxiety, and Depression." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/294.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Research suggests that Internet and cell phone overuse may result in lower levels of social skills and encourage isolation from peers. Less clear is whether the duration of computer-mediated communication (CMC) influences adolescent perception of their social skills competency or emotional health. This research was guided by the social cognitive theory, which suggests that social self-efficacy (SSE), the belief that they have the skills to engage successfully with others in conversation and social activities, develops from mastery experiences that regulate thought, motivation, and action. This quantitative cross-sectional survey design utilized a convenience sample of 49 adolescents ages 11-19, living in Austin County, TX, to examine the impact of CMC duration on adolescent SSE, social anxiety, and depression. Regression analyses indicated CMC duration did not significantly affect SSE, social anxiety, or depression at the p <. 05 level. Computer-mediated communication duration did influence SSE at the p = .07 level, suggesting a trend toward statistical significance. Post hoc analysis revealed a significant interaction at the p < .05 level when CMC restriction severity was tested as a moderator in the CMC duration-SSE relationship. These findings suggest that the interaction between CMC duration and restrictions may influence social self-efficacy. Additional research on the relationship between CMC and adolescent psychosocial health would be helpful, particularly using larger and more generalizable samples. This study may inform the efforts of authority figures to adolescents, specifically, on the ways in which technological changes affect adolescent social development and will help to ensure that adolescents are safe, psychologically healthy, and able to maintain healthy relationships.