Дисертації: "Communication accountability"

1

De, Benedictis-Kessner Justin. "Local accountability : the role of attribution, institutions, and communication." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/113491.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Political Science, 2017.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages A61-A75).
How do people hold local governments accountable? My dissertation shows how cognitive and perceptual biases, as well as electoral institutions and strategic communication, can hinder voters' ability to hold government accountable. I gather data on local politics -- a level of government that people interact with on a daily basis, and one that encompasses the vast majority of elected officials and elections in the United States. My evidence comes from large-scale elections and communications data, surveys, and partnerships with governments and service providers. My findings indicate that widespread confusion around government responsibilities and a cognitive bias favoring recent information shape how voters evaluate government for performance, that election timing can prevent voters from effectively holding their incumbent politicians accountable, and that strategic communication by municipal governments can further bias the balance of information that citizens rely on to judge government. Together, these papers demonstrate how three facets of politics can frustrate accountability in cities. This work contributes to theoretical knowledge on political behavior and political institutions, as well as the urban politics literature, and does so using three independent sources of data that provide fertile ground for future extensions of this work.
by Justin de Benedictis-Kessner.
Ph. D.

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2

Ngwashi, Evangeline Asafor. "Financial Accountability in U.S. Nonprofit Organizations." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7414.

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Financial accountability is a pressing issue in United States NPOs because there is a demand, by donors and the public they serve, to implement clear accountability practices. The purpose of this study was to explore and document the financial oversight and accountability policies and procedures that successful NPOs employ to maintain clear financial accountability practices. The theoretical framework underlining this qualitative phenomenological study was a combination of social construction theory and institutional rational choice theory. The research question was focused on understanding essential financial oversight and accountability policies and procedures that should be designed for NPOs to create and maintain financial accountability. Interview data were collected from 6 participants from 4 successful emerging organizations, less than 5 years in business, and 8 participants from organizations that have a longer history, more than 5 years in business. Data were coded using the basic NVivo software package and analyzed thematically. Findings regarding the tools needed to create and maintain vital accountability policies and procedures in NPOs were as follows; need for accountability, importance of appropriate disclosure, impact of dashboard tool, expense projection, financial manager, financial misappropriation reporting, oversight policies, revenue forecasts, board members and supportive culture. The potential impact of this qualitative study for social change is that the policies, practices, and procedures of successful NPOs were identified and documented for those old, new and emerging NPOs not using them. The critical finding of this study shows the need for continued research to bring positive social change through nonprofit financial accountability policy improvement.

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3

Gazali, Effendi. "Communication of politics and politics of communication in Indonesia : a study on media performance, responsibility and accountability /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40078108w.

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Proefschrift--Universiteit Nijmegen, 2004.
Mention parallèle de titre ou de responsabilité : Politieke communicatie en communicatiepolitiek in Indonesië : een studie over media, verantwoordelijkheid en verantwoording. Textes en anglais, résumé en néerlandais. Bibliogr. p. 128-140.

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4

Baker-Jones, Melanie K. "Social media in emergencies: An examination of government accountability for risk communication and warning." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/108031/1/Melanie_Baker-Jones_Thesis.pdf.

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Emergency management agencies and government authorities increasingly use social media to warn the public of emergencies. The aim of this thesis is to provide clarification where there is uncertainty about liability, and to address concerns as to how the law will be applied. It does this by examining the responsibility of those entities to warn. It considers whether they are likely to be held legally accountable for their acts or omissions when using social media. The thesis also seeks to provide good practice principles for the use of emerging communication technologies.

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5

Gonzalez-Watty, Andres. "The quest for accountability in transnational regulatory networks : the case of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e1c06b02-c0b2-455e-b443-dc1abe9b6c0e.

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This thesis focuses on the search for accountability processes related to the standard setting powers of a transnational regulatory network that operates in the highly complex and uncertain environment of global finance: the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS). The thesis draws upon and builds on two main resources: the academic literature from international law, political science, international relations and public administration about the concept of accountability and- as a theoretical framework - Niklas Luhmann's idea of communication which suggests that communication is a selection process rather than a process of transmission. In this selection process the idea of meaning in the sense of a common understanding is paramount. The analysis focuses on the key milestones of the Basel Committee's work: the Concordat, as well as the Basel I, Basel II and Basel III accords. The thesis also draws on a qualitative original data set compiled by the author, made up of extracts of discussions of the Basel Committee's work in the international financial journalistic press. Additionally, official documents and press releases from the BCBS were coded by classifying them into common themes (such as minimum capital standards or the delay on the implementation timetable of Basel III) and the thesis' analysis assessed whether they formed part of an accountability process (i.e., whether they asked for an account, responded to an accountability claim, judged an accountability claim and referred to which consequences should follow the judgement). On the basis of this thematic analysis the thesis identifies five accountability processes in relation to the work of the Basel Committee based on communication. These revolve around the standards for minimum capital requirements in Basel II, the standards for debt exposures of banks lending to small and medium size enterprises, the over complexity of the Basel III accord, the alleged detrimental effects of the Basel accord for US banks, and the delay in the schedule to implement Basel III. Drawing on Luhmann's ideas about communicative events, the thesis develops a novel account of communicative accountability that explains accountability as the decentred and flexible communicative interaction between an accountor and an accountee whose communications have to resonate with an epistemic community. This epistemic community plays the role of a social system in which expectations about the exercise of regulatory powers of the Basel Committee are managed. The thesis argues that this process of communicative accountability can be empirically traced and that it is significantly facilitated by reliance on a shared language and expertise of a common professional community to which both the Basel Committee and a wider professional community belong to. The thesis argues that while the concept of communicative accountability developed through the research can be used to identify processes which seek to render TRNs like the BCBS accountable, these processes may also lack sufficient legitimacy, in the sense of formal power from a recognized source such as a state or an international organization underpinning these accountability processes. Increased legitimacy matters because it would enhance certainty in an accountability process and therefore, help to identify more clearly the legitimate accountor and to uphold his or her authority to ask for the account. Hence, as a whole, this thesis contributes towards the quest for alternative ways of understanding and improving accountability mechanisms in relation to the exercise of regulatory powers by globalized regulatory institutions in a transnational sphere such as the BCBS.

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6

Dooge-Strampp, Gwendolyn L. "Empirical quantitative content analysis of Wisconsin newspaper school quality reporting| Social accountability and social responsibility." Thesis, Saint Mary's University of Minnesota, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10164923.

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The communication of school quality in the print media was examined through an empirical quantitative content analysis research design and computer assisted content coding approach. This focus was selected due to the importance of school quality information for parents and a community. The purpose of the research was the identification of the message communicated through the media frames selected by journalists reporting on school quality and education accountability. The content sample was composed of 130 news articles published in Wisconsin daily newspapers, 2012 through 2014. Using the empirical quantitative content analysis method developed by Harold D. Lasswell, Ph.D., the standardized statistical tests for trend, interaction, and covariance were conducted to identify the dominant frames, the semantic meaning, and the message. Tests for validity and reliability of the content, coding, correlations, and design were conducted. The result of the media frame analysis demonstrated significant relationships between the media frame, state events, and the treatment of public education during each of the three years. The research addressed three gaps found in the literature and surfaced a paradox indicator of social change. The importance of the local newspaper was demonstrated, along with evidence that the interaction of the newspaper network impacts access to balanced coverage of this critical topic. The research created an accessible and reliable body of content from which to conduct future research on audience and message impact analysis. Keywords: education accountability, frame analysis, mass media communication research, public education, quantitative content analysis, school quality, school report card, social accountability, social change, social responsibility, Wisconsin

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7

Silveira, Wennergren Tove. "Access and Accountability - A Study of Open Data in Kenya." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23366.

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This study explores Open Data actors in Kenya, focusing on the issue of transparency and accountability. Drawing on an exploratory quantitative analysis of existing statistical material of usage of the Kenya Open Data Initiative website and 15 qualitative interviews conducted primarily in Nairobi, the study analyses key factors – both enabling and disabling – that shape transparency initiatives connected to Open Data in Kenya. The material is analysed from three perspectives: a) a review based on existing research around impact and effectiveness of transparency and accountability initiatives; b) based on theories on human behaviour in connection to transparency and accountability; and c) introducing a critical perspective on power relations based on Michel Foucault’s concept of ‘governmentality’. The study shows that the Kenya Open Data Initiative has potential to become an effective transparency and accountability initiative in Kenya, but that its future is heavily dependent on current trends within the political context and fluctuations in power relations. Applying a stronger user-perspective and participatory approach is critical.Open Data is a relatively new area within the governance and development field, and academia can play an important role in enhancing methodology and impact assessments to create more effective and sustainable initiatives and ensure that future Open Data initiatives can be both accessible and constitute a base for accountability.

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8

Mattsson, Emma, and Katarina Ohlsson. "Hållbarhetsredovisning : - ur ett trovärdighetsperspektiv -." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-9358.

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Bakgrund: Hållbarhetsredovisning är ett relativt nytt område och den är frivillig för företagen att upprätta. Den regleras inte av några lagar och har heller inte krav på extern granskning, vilket den finansiella redovisningen har. Detta gör att företag kan skriva i stort sett vad som helst. Trovärdigheten i detta sammanhang är ifrågasatt och det finns oklarheter kring vad den innebär, vilket gör det till ett intressant ämne att titta närmare på.

Syfte: Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka vilka egenskaper som kännetecknar trovärdighet i en hållbarhetsredovisning och därmed bidra med kunskap som kan hjälpa till att öka trovärdigheten i företags hållbarhetsredovisningar.

Avgränsningar: Undersökningen begränsas till att utreda trovärdigheten kring den hållbarhetsredovisning som upprättas frivilligt av företagen, inte den som är obligatorisk enligt Årsredovisningslagen. Detta på grund av att den omfattas av den finansiella redovisningens lagar och regler.

Genomförande: Uppsatsens empiri har samlats in genom en kvalitativ metod där åtta intervjuer genomförts med företag, intressenter och granskare för att få olika perspektiv på trovärdigheten i hållbarhetsredovisningar.

Resultat: Studiens resultat visar att viktiga egenskaper för trovärdighet är öppenhet och ärlighet, vilket innebär att ge ut rätt mängd information samt redovisa både positiva och negativa delar av företagets verksamhet. Att upprätta redovisningen på ett konsekvent sätt och arbeta enhetligt med hållbarhetsfrågor inom företaget ger också en bra grund för att skapa trovärdighet. Företagets integritet kan stärkas genom en extern verifiering av informationen, dock behöver granskaren få en tydligare roll. För att göra hållbarhetsredovisningen användbar samt relevant och därmed mer trovärdig är det viktigt för företaget att identifiera sina intressentgrupper.

Background: Sustainability reporting is a relative new discipline and it is voluntary for the companies to produce this kind of report. The report is not regulated by any laws and an external verification is not required, as it is for the financial annual report. The effect of this is that the companies can write whatever they want. The credibility in this context is questioned and it is not clear what it means, which makes it an interesting subject to look closer into.

Purpose: The purpose of this report is to examine the credibility characteristics in a sustainability report and contribute with knowledge which can help companies to strength the credibility in their sustainability reports.

Demarcation: This survey is limited to only examine the voluntary sustainability reports and their credibility, not the one which is required by the law. The reason is that this sustainability information is included in the regulations of the financial annual report.

Methods: The report use a qualitative method and the primary source of this survey are eight interviews. These interviews are made with companies, stakeholders and auditors to get different views of what credibility means in a sustainability report.

Results: The results of the survey show that important credibility characteristics are openness and honesty. This means to produce right amount of information and present both positive and negative information of the company’s activities. To be consequent and have a uniform way to work with sustainability questions is important and creates a good ground for credibility. The integrity of the company can be strength by an external verification, but the one who checks the report needs to have a clearer role. To make the sustainability report useful and relevant and thereby more credible is it important that the company identify their stakeholders.

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9

Bonfim, Marcus Vinicius de Jesus. "Transparência e accountability na comunicação pública: impactos da lei de acesso à informação nos órgãos públicos paulistas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27154/tde-27012016-134439/.

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Esta dissertação busca refletir sobre os impactos na cultura organizacional do setor público, após três anos da regulamentação da lei federal nº 12.527/2011, a chamada Lei de Acesso à Informação (LAI) no Brasil determinou aos órgãos públicos nos três níveis e nas três esferas de poder a organização de Sistemas de Informação ao Cidadão (SIC), de forma presencial e virtual. Assim, a LAI permite que diversos atores da sociedade civil possam consultar qualquer órgão público sobre informações e dados de seu interesse, propiciando um maior envolvimento democrático dos cidadãos com estas organizações, seja presencialmente ou através de interações mediadas pelas tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TICs), um novo habitar em um ecossistema evolutivo, como preconiza Di Felice (2012). Nossa investigação tomou uma legislação específica, que interfere na esfera pública, possibilitando aos comunicadores meios para (re)construir políticas, processos e estratégias de comunicação que podem influenciar o modo como a sociedade pode interagir com as organizações estatais e propiciar práticas comunicativas que aproximem a sociedade civil do Poder Público e orientar a formação de redes de relacionamento com valor organizacional e como valor para a cidadania. Tais mudanças trazem aos gestores públicos a necessidade de revisão de seus processos, admitindo a complexidade na gestão dos relacionamentos a partir dos SICs, cuja perspectiva dialógica e relacional a partir dos dados abertos e disponibilizados corrobora com os esforços do Estado a partir de iniciativas de e-government, da lógica do cidadão como usuário de serviços públicos e da nova gestão pública. Sobretudo, traz à comunicação pública fatores que carregam um potencial para ampliar do discurso à ação concreta os conceitos de transparência pública e accountability, isto é, viabilizar à população o controle e a intervenção nas ações do Poder Público, como aponta Haswani (2013) ao colocar em sua obra a comunicação pública governamental como garantia de direitos. No momento em que o Estado brasileiro promulga legislações como a LAI se obriga a inovar, criar setores, sistemas e a desenvolver uma cultura dentro dos órgãos públicos que dê aos servidores a qualidade e a condição necessárias para dar ao agora cidadão-em-rede maior autonomia e condições de interferir e interpelar construindo um capital político e social, como apresenta Matos (2006) a partir da participação social, encontrando no servidor também um cidadão que está apto a traduzir o que está sendo buscando pelo cidadão, antecipar e co-criar as demandas de informação via SICs.
This paper aims to reflect on the impact the organizational culture of the public sector, after three years of regulation of Federal Law 12.527/2011, called the Access to Information Act (LAI) in Brazil determined to government agencies at all three levels and at all three levels power to organize Information Systems Citizen (SIC) in person and virtually. Thus, LAI allows diverse actors of civil society to consult any public agency on information and data of interest, providing greater democratic involvement of citizens with these organizations, either in person or through interactions mediated by information and communication technologies (ICTs), a new live in an evolving ecosystem, as stated Di Felice (2012). Our investigation took specific legislation that interferes in the public sphere, enabling media communicators to (re) build policies, processes and communication strategies that can influence the way society can interact with state organizations and provide communicative practices that bring the civil society Government and guide the formation of networks with organizational value and how value for citizenship. Such changes bring to public managers need to review their processes, admitting the complexity of managing relationships from the SICs, whose dialogical and relational perspective from open and available data confirms the state\'s efforts from e-government initiatives, citizen logic as utility user and the new public management. Above all, brings to public communication factors that carry a potential to broaden the discourse to concrete action the concepts of public transparency and accountability, that is, enable the population control and intervention in the actions of the government, as pointed Haswani (2013) to putting in his work the government public communication rights as collateral. By the time the Brazilian State promulgates laws as the LAI is obliged to innovate, create sectors, systems and to develop a culture within the public agencies that gives servers the quality and condition necessary to give the citizen now in network-largest autonomy and able to interfere and question building a political and social capital, as has Matos (2006) from the social participation, finding the server also a citizen who is able to translate what is being seeking the citizen, anticipate and co-create the demands of information by SICs.

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10

Brettell, Grip Anna-Karin. "Funding and accountability : studies of a Swedish and a British chamber orchestra." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Redovisning och Finansiering (B), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-428.

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The need to deal with accountability is fundamental in every organisation’s struggle to survive. When external demands must be fulfilled in order to receive necessary funding, the organization continuously has to adapt internal processes and outputs to meet those demands. This thesis seeks to explore such adaptations and their short and long term effects. Funding and Accountability: Studies of a Swedish and a British Chamber Orchestra examines two organizations with an unusually complex context of stakeholders with diverse and conflicting interests. Adding to the unusualness of an orchestra is the nature of the orchestra’s basic output: autonomous music cannot be measured in quantified terms, rendering accountability a more difficult and elusive idea than ever. In addition, the orchestra is characterized by the performance of highly specialised skills executed collectively and with exceptional simultaneity, requiring particularly stable and predictable working frames. With two intriguing cases and with an innovative combination of theoretical perspectives, this thesis illustrates how external accountabilities influence an organisation’s core through internal adaptations over time, and highlights issues of organisational identity and future possible directions.
Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 2009

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11

Paulsen, Harling Nina. ""Red Cross-Listen In!" : A case study of how beneficiary communication and accountability contribute to reaching and measuring results." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för geografi, medier och kommunikation, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-36996.

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While aiming to reach results (such as improved health status) humanitarian workers in aid organizations such as Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (RCRCM)[1], make use of outcomes in related global forums, standards and networks. Common concepts discussed related to humanitarian action are the following ones: effectiveness, local ownership and mutual accountability. In addition, concepts such as Results Based Management (RBM), highlighting the importance of delivering and accounting for results influences humanitarian organizations. Donors such as governments are pushing for RBM. The RBM reform impacts Swedish aid policy and RCRCM in Sweden, represented by Swedish Red Cross. However researchers and civil society actors find that RBM is not a silver bullet to facilitate results. Dialogue with beneficiaries goes back to the beginnings of humanitarian action, but dialogue using social media to capture beneficiaries’ views started only around a decade back. In this case study, I investigate RCRCM and focus on Swedish Red Cross. In particular I explore the following research problem: how does beneficiary communication and accountability using social media contribute to reaching and measuring results? My data includes individual and focus group interviews and RCRCM guiding documents. Conclusions include that: indeed beneficiary communication and accountability contributes to reaching results and have potential to better capture results. Direct RCRCM organizational benefits are potentially huge given RCRCMs extensive worldwide community level network. The benefits include better access, more relevant activities and funding opportunities. However challenges include perceived lack of expertize, management commitment and generally slow change of mind set with regards to downward accountability. [1] A) The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), B) the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) and C) national societies in 189 countries around the world (see section 2.1)
När biståndsarbetare i hjälporganisationer som rödakorsrörelsen (RCRCM)[1], arbetar för att nå resultat (såsom bättre hälsa för utsatta människor) använder de sig ofta av de ambitioner som vuxit fram i biståndsrelaterade globala fora, nätverk och standards såsom: effektivitet, lokalt ägarskap samt ömsesidigt ansvarsskyldighet och ansvarsutkrävande. Samtidigt har begrepp som ”result based management” (RBM) fått stort inflytande på humanitära organisationer när det gäller vikten av att nå och visa på konkreta resultat. Finansiärer, såsom regeringar, ställer allt tuffare krav på RBM metodik används genom ett starkt inflytande på svenskt bistånd och därmed på RCRCM i Sverige, företrätt av Svenska Röda Korset. Dock finns både forskare och humanitära organisationer civila som hävdar att RBM knappast är någon patentlösning vare sig för att nå eller visa på resultat. Medan dialog med biståndsmottagare funnits så länge bistånd funnits har systematisk dialog med hjälp av sociala medier för att få förmånstagarnas synpunkter bara skett ett tiotal år. I denna fallstudie undersöker jag RCRCM med fokus på Svenska Röda Korset. I synnerhet studerar jag följande forskningsproblem: hur bidrar dialog med och ansvarighet gentemot förmånstagare som sker med sociala medier till att nå och mäta resultat?Mitt material inkluderar individuella- och fokusgruppsintervjuer samt studier av RCRCMs styrdokument. Slutsatser inkluderar att: direkta organisatoriska fördelar för RCRCM av dialog med mottagare är potentiellt enorma givet RCRCM världsomspännande lokala nätverk. Fördelarna inkluderar ökad möjlighet att nå de mest utsatta, mer relevanta insatser och bättre finansiering. Bland utmaningarna som lyfts är brist på expertis och ägarskap hos organisatio-nens ledning och svårighet till byte av ’mind set’ vad gäller nedåtgående ansvarighet. [1] A) Internationella rödakorskommittén (ICRC), B) Internationella rödakors-och rödahalvmånefederationen (IFRC) och C) nationella föreningar in 189 länder i världen (se sektion 2.1)

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12

Sowell, Richard M. "Improving satisfaction in marital relationships at Choctaw Road Baptist Church through participation in a communication workshop which implements accountability." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2002. http://www.tren.com.

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13

Mdekazi, Mphumzi Julius. "Finding nexus between sport sponsorship transaction and corporate governance principles, namely (accountability and transparency)." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3991_1354615391.

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In South Africa today those who lead sport are facing increasing scrutiny which has inevitably resulted in questioning governance practices. The transition of many sports from
predominantly volunteer administered organizations anchored in an amateur ethos, to professionally managed entities catering to a more sophisticated market place has created
unique challenges for the governance of sport sponsorship. This evolution gives rise to possible conceptual linkage between sport sponsorship and corporate governance or none
thereof. This study focuses on the ABSA-Premier Soccer League (PSL) sponsorship transaction as a case study to explore this linkage. The research is aimed at finding the nexus
between sport sponsorship and corporate governance principles, namely accountability and transparency in the conclusion of this transaction.

The research consists of four phases
literature review which provides a detailed analysis of all primary and secondary material available on this topic. The second phase is a qualitative
case study research methodology which comprises of in-depth interviews with targeted stakeholders. The third part presents the research findings and discussion section, and lastly
the way forward through reflections and recommendations including highlighting potential future research areas.

This work is timely when there has been generally a heightened evolution in sport sponsorship and its focus was to explore the nexus and compliance to the founding principles
of the organizations (laws of governance). Factually, good corporate governance aims at ensuring a higher degree of transparency in an organization by encouraging full disclosure of
transactions in the company accounts as well as accountability. Academics have been exploring the notion of sports sponsorship and corporate governance with much of the
debates grounded on understanding its commercial value.

The focus for this study is on the conceptual nexus or non-thereof, between sponsorship and corporate governance. Information was collected through in-depth and experience interviews,
documented reviews and analysis (such as the review and analysis of the constitution of the South Africa football Association, PSL, financial/banking sector policy regulations, South
African Sports Act, corporate governance reports, annual reports, scholarly journals, academic books, conference papers and Parliamentary Monitoring Group documents etc. to
mention but a few.

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14

Daleke, Sarah. "Communicative Democracy: Developing leadership accountability through ICTs : A qualitative case study from the Rwenzori region in western Uganda." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för geografi, medier och kommunikation, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-33235.

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There is a growing interest in the use of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) for citizen engagement in democracy around the world today, especially in the developing world. Events such as the Arab Spring show the potential ICTs can have on citizen engagement with those in leadership positions. Many studies have been conducted within the field of ICT4D (Information Communication Technologies for Development) in many different areas. But few studies have been done within the field of ICT4D that have focused on what happens with the local politicians´ situation in developing countries, when the citizens in these areas become digitally engaged. For a community to develop all levels within the community need to be developed and empowered, because if the local leaders do not have the tools or the incentive to meet the citizens demands then the wanted requirements cannot take place. Effective democratic and open government depends on closing the feedback loop between citizens and government (Making All Voices Count, 2014). The aim of this study is to get an understanding of the local politicians´ situation in Rwenzori region in western Uganda, as the citizens in this region successively have started to demand much more accountability from their leaders through ICTs. The main question guiding this study is: How are local political leaders in developing countries coping with citizens who are increasingly using ICT4D tools for leadership accountability? With the sub-questions being: How have ICTs changed the communication between the local political leaders and the citizens? Do the local political leaders have the ICT skills, tools and means they need to meet the digitally engaged citizens? Is leadership accountability improved through the use of ICTs? To conduct this study I have used qualitative interviews. And the main theory applied is Jürgen Habermas´s theory of communicative action. In essence Habermas’s theory tries to explain the social structures through an understanding of the ways in which communication is framed and organized (Unwin, 2009). The results are presented in form of selected quotes that reflect and represent the findings of this research, which are analyzed through the lens of the theory of communicative action. This research shows that the local political leaders in the Rwenzori region appreciate the increased demands from the citizens through ICTs. The research also reveals that ICTs have eased the communication between the local political leaders and their communities and therefore have contributed greatly to increase two-way-communication between the leaders and the citizens. But at the same time these local political leaders are also facing challenges when it comes to holding themselves accountable through the same channels. Some of these challenges are weak infrastructure, lack of skills and access to the ICTs themselves. One of the most notable findings that this research came across is the fact that hardly any of the local politician offices in the Rwenzori region has a budget targeted for communication with their communities. In conclusion this study reveals that leadership accountability in the Rwenzori region is improved through the use of ICTs, but an enabling environment is necessary if leadership accountability through ICTs is to be fully realized. Looking at the results from this research through Habermas´s theory of communicative action has helped making visible not only the prospects of ICTs in democratic development, but also the challenges of using the same mediums.
Det finns ett växande intresse kring användning av informations kommunikationsteknik (IKT) för medborgarengagemang runt om i världen i dag, framför allt i utvecklingsländerna. Händelser som den arabiska våren visar potentialen som IKT kan ha när medborgare använder dem mot personer i ledande positioner. Många studier har gjorts inom området ICT4D (Information Communication Technologies for Development) inom många olika områden. Men få studier har gjorts inom ICT4D som har fokuserat på vad som händer med de lokala politikernas situation i utvecklingsländer när medborgarna i dessa områden blir digitalt engagerade. För att ett samhälle ska utvecklas måste alla nivåer i samhället utvecklas, stärkas och utbildas. För om de lokala ledarna inte har de verktyg eller incitament de behöver för att möta medborgarnas krav, då kan de önskade kraven inte uppfyllas. Effektiv demokrati och öppen förvaltning kräver att kommunikationen/återkopplingen mellan medborgare och staten fungerar (Making All Voices Count, 2014). Syftet med denna studie är att få en förståelse för de lokala politikernas situation i Rwenzori regionen i västra Uganda, då medborgarna i denna region successivt har börjat begära mer av sina ledare genom IKT. Frågan som i huvudsak vägleder denna studie är: Hur hanterar de lokala politiska ledarna i utvecklingsländer att medborgare i allt större utsträckning använder IKT verktyg för att begära ansvarsfullt ledarskap från dem? Studien ämnar även besvara följande underfrågor: Hur har IKT verktyg förändrat kommunikationen mellan de lokala politiska ledarna och medborgarna? Har de lokala politiska ledarna de IKT kunskaper, verktyg och medel de behöver för att möta de digitalt engagerade medborgarna? Är det ansvarsfulla ledarskapet förbättrat genom användandet av IKT verktyg? Jag har använt mig av kvalitativa forskningsintervjuer för att genomföra denna studie. Den huvudsakliga teorin som applicerats är Habermas kommunikationsteori: the theory of communicative action. Sammanfattningsvis försöker Habermas teori förklara den sociala strukturen genom en förståelse av de sätt på vilka kommunikationen är utformad och organiserad (Unwin, 2009). Resultaten är presenterade i form av utvalda citat som reflekterar och representerar resultaten av denna studie, och de är analyserade i ljuset av Habermas theory of communicative action. Denna studie visar att de lokala politiska ledarna i Rwenzori regionen uppskattar de ökade kraven från medborgarna genom IKT. Studien visar också att IKT har underlättat kommunikationen mellan de lokala politiska ledarna och medborgarna, och också i hög grad bidragit till att förbättra tvåvägskommunikation mellan dem. Men samtidigt kämpar de lokala politiska ledarna med många utmaningar när de försöker hålla sig ansvariga genom samma IKT kanaler. Några av utmaningarna som de kämpar med är dålig infrastruktur, brist på kompetens och tillgång till själva IKT redskapen. En av de mest anmärkningsvärda upptäckterna som denna studie gjort är insikten om att nästan inga av de lokala politikerna i Rwenzori regionen har en budget som är avsedd för kommunikation med sina medborgare. Avslutningsvis visar denna studie att politiskt ansvarsfullt ledarskap i Rwenzori regionen har förbättrats genom användandet av IKT verktyg, men att gynnsam arbetsförhållanden är nödvändig om ansvarsfullt ledarskap genom användandet av IKT verktyg till fullo ska kunna förverkligas och nå full potential. Genom att analysera resultaten från denna forskning i ljuset av Habermas kommunikationsteori (Theory of communicative action) så har inte bara fördelarna med IKT i demokratisk utveckling synliggjorts, utan också utmaningarna med dem.

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15

Georgakopoulos, Georgios. "Exploring accounting and accountability in Scottish salmon farming : an industry in crisis : the importance of risk perception, risk communication and reflexivity." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2005. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21599.

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The thesis draws upon an arena study on the accounting and accountability processes used within a business sector under intense public and regulatory scrutiny in terms of its social, economic and ecological risks. It investigates the importance risk perception and Social and Environmental Accounting had on the business decisions made in the context of operations of the salmon farming industry in Scotland and specifically how these affected the decision making criteria of some salmon farmers to switch into organic forms of production. Risk is conventionally defined as the product of the probability and the utility of some future event. Objective measures of risk obey all the formal laws of combining probabilities. Perceptions of risk, however, are inherently subjective and subject to cultural shaping and do not necessarily accord with objective measures. Social and psychological factors are clearly important considerations when translating technical assessments of risk into the terms of everyday language and experience and when formulating procedures for controlling risks in the domain of public policy. Some subjective perceptions are incorrect. Others however reflect real differences in political or ethical positions, or in the choice of the desired balance of risk and reward. Some objective measures, on the other hand, have been shown to be statistical artefacts or the results of unconscious experimental bias. In this light this research builds upon previous findings, which highlight the influence of culture, communication and reflexivity in risk perception in contemporary societies. The research took the form of an arena case-study on the salmon fariiiing industry in a certain geographic area of Scotland and examined the inter/intra-relationships of the industry with the regulatory bodies involved and the other stakeholders in order to explore the accountability practices. The interviews and documentary analysis revealed an active accountability network and a set of discourses ripe for Social and Environmental Accounting which is not there. However, the accountability network was far from reflexive and could be seen as legitimating the status quo rather than governing the risks associated with salmon farming. This evaluation of accounting and accountability processes within this specific context demonstrated the importance of locating social and environmental accounting responses within wider accountability discourses. It is suggested that all accounting practices should become more reflexive in nature if they are to remain relevant in these wider societal accountability discourses.

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Karlsson, Felicia. "Retorik i reklam." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för teknik och estetik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-15824.

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Jag vill med det här kandidatarbetet undersöka om Aristoteles retoriska element är relevanta idag i reklam på digitala plattformar. Hans element är ethos, logos och pathos. Ethos handlar om karaktärer, t.ex. att en person kan övertyga med ett leende. Personen verkar trevlig när hon eller han ler. Logos är information och argument, både det som är skrivet i text och vad bilder berättar och även vad typografi och färger kommunicerar till oss. I min undersökning använder jag situerad kunskap som metod. För att situera mig så analyserar jag några hemsidor, jag intervjuar tre personer och frågade då dem om de övertygas av hemsidorna och jag ska läsa texter om retorik och visuell kommunikation. Orsaken till att jag använder denna metoden är för att reklamen ska vara accountable. Med andra ord. reklamen behöver vara användbar. Den ska övertyga konsumenterna. I min undersökning kom jag fram till att mycket information och bilder på företagets sortiment och på karaktärer när de ler, har arbetskläder eller är med djur övertygar. Typografin på en logotyp till en matbutik ska se fint ut och text ska vara lättläst. Den rätta färgen till en matbutik är grön på grund av att den associerar till naturen och en del mat är grön. En hel del mat kommer ifrån naturen.
In this Bachelor thesis I want to find out if Aristoteles rhetorical elements still is relevant in advertising on digital platforms. His element is Ethos, Pathos och Logos. Ethos is about the characters. For example, a person can convince with a smile. The person seem to be nice when she or he smile. Logos is information and arguments, both what is written in text and what pictures told us and also what the typography and colours communicate to us. In my investigation I use situated knowledge as a method. For situating I make some analysis of websites, I interviewing three persons and then ask if they were convinced of the websites and I read some text about rhetoric and visual communication. The reason why I use this method is because the advertising have to be accountable. With other words, the advertising have to be useful. It have to convince the consumers. In my survey I found out that Aristoteles rhetorical elements are used today and that they convince. A lot of information and pictures on the company's range and on characters when they smile, have fatigues or is with animals convince. The typography on a logotype to a foodstore have to be nicely and the text have to be legible. The right colour to a foodstore is green because is associates to the nature and some food is green. A lot of food come from the nature.

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17

Hedström, Eric. "Fragmenterade ledarskapsutmaningar inom svensk försvarsindustri på den internationella marknaden : En kvalitativ studie om ledarskapsutmaningarna kopplade till internationalisering av svensk försvarsindustri." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-7222.

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Because defence industry companies today act in a market characterized by international cooperation and export, higher demands on cultural competence and diversity is placed in the organization. Due to this, cross-cultural demands on leaders in defence industry companies increase. However, it is difficult to build the paper on previously established theory as the scenario is new for the industry. Therefore, the purpose of the survey is to through a grounded theoretical approach investigate the leadership challenges facing Swedish defence industry companies as they move towards a more international market. As a research object, SAAB was chosen. The result showed that five themes could be identified. These are motivation, change in organizational focus, diversification, communication and planning, as well as the complexity of the defence industry. A core variable was identified as fragmentation of leadership challenges in internationalization. This means that leadership issues change focus, change or in other ways are challenged when the company is on the international market. Analysis of the interviews indicate that the most pressing leadership issues with moving abroad is motivation, gender equality, trust, communication and accountability. These five parameters are all inherent in the business and are based on the way in which the business has been identified previously and the surrounding characteristics that affect the organization.
Eftersom försvarsindustriföretag idag agerar på en marknad som kännetecknas av internationellt samarbete och export ställer detta större krav på kulturell kompetens och mångfald i organisationen. Detta innebär att korskulturella kraven på ledare i försvarsindustriella företag ökar. Det är dock svårt att bygga uppsatsen på tidigare etablerad teori då detta är ett nytt scenario för branschen. Därför blir syftet med undersökningen att genom en grundad teoretisk ansats undersöka vilka ledarskapsutmaningar svenska försvarsindustriföretag står inför när de rör sig mot en mer internationell marknad. Som forskningsobjekt valdes SAAB. Detta då företaget kan ses som ett lämpligt objekt för att undersöka syftet. Resultatet visade att fem teman kunde identifieras. Dessa är motivation, förändring i organisationsfokus, diversifiering, kommunikation och planering samt försvarsindustrins komplexitet. En kärnvariabel identifierades som fragmentering av ledarskapsutmaningar vid internationalisering. Detta innebär att ledarskapsproblematik skiftar fokus från nationell till internationell marknad, förändras eller på något annat sätt utmanas när företaget globaliseras. Analyser av resultatet visar på att det den största ledarskapsproblematiken med att ha verksamhet utomlands är motivation, jämställdhet, tillit, kommunikation och resultatansvar. Dessa fem parametrar är alla inneboende i verksamheten och grundar sig i hur verksamheten sett ut tidigare samt omgivningskarakteristika som påverkar organisationen.

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Wang, Sheng. "To share or not to share an examination of the determinants of sharing knowledge via knowledge management systems /." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1117177005.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xv, 290 p.; also includes graphics (some col.) Includes bibliographical references (p. 217-233). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

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Putnam, Emily Ruth Smith. "Utilizing Focus Groups to Determine Clinical Perceptions of Assessment Needs." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2804.

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There has been a recent trend towards increasing accountability of mental health care providers through the use of treatment outcome measures, in order to reduce spending and improve patient care. This qualitative study utilized focus groups to elicit input regarding the need and possible content involved in creating an improved outcome measure specifically designed for severe emotionally disturbed (SED) children and adolescents. We conducted 60-90 minute focus groups with each of the following three separate constituent groups who are regularly involved in the care of SED youth at the Utah State Hospital (USH), including a) hospital clinical staff, b) affiliated education staff, and c) parents/primary caregivers; as well as clinical staff at a community mental health youth outpatient clinic, the Wasatch Mental Health (WMH) Youth Outpatient Program. While the groups agreed that a new unified system of tracking outcomes could be beneficial as an aid in improving outcomes, their greater concern is about a lack of communication between disciplines and between levels of care. Six broad domains were divided between two sections of Internal versus External Locus of Control (Internal: Behavior, Social/Emotional, Academic/Cognitive, and Strength-Based Assessment; External: Collaboration among Care Providers and Family) and 23 subdomains were generated based on themes identified from the focus groups' responses. We also compared these domains and subdomains to ones previously generated by a USH pilot study and found some overarching similarities, but also some notable differences and both should be considered in any future outcome measure created. However, the most prevalent theme we found was a desire for an increase in collaboration and communication between constituencies and throughout levels of care, which is vitally important to improve care and long-term outcomes of SED youth.

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20

Bergman, Anneli, and Björn Stjernqvist. "Användbara filterbubblor : En undersökning om filterbubblor och ansvarstagande på sociala medier." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-14779.

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I detta kandidatarbete diskuterar vi ansvar hos utvecklare samt användare när det gäller spridningen av media och filtrering på sociala medier. Med sociala mediers ökade popularitet växer utvecklarnas och användarens ansvarstagande. Många användare uppmanas indirekt till att sprida falsk media för en större publicitet. Vi utgår från Donna Haraway’s begrepp situerad kunskap för att utforska hur media samspelar med användare. Vi använder oss även utav Lucy Suchmans begrepp accountability för att diskutera hur vi som webbutvecklare bär ansvar för hur vår plattform används och hur användare är accountable för källkritik och den spridning de utför. Vår gestaltning undersöker hur utvecklare och användare inom sociala medier kan fördjupa sin förståelse för olika typer av källor på sociala medier. Gestaltningen är utformad som ett socialt medium och ska ge användarna en tankeställare om filterbubblan. För att utveckla vidare på gestaltningen har vi gjort användartester. Resultatet och diskussionen av användartesterna visar hur bra användare förstår det budskap om filterbubblan och filtrering som sker på sociala medier.

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21

Žvirblytė, Inga. "Regioninės žiniasklaidos atskaitingumo sistemos analizė pagal C.-J. Bertrand: Kauno, Klaipėdos, Šiaulių, Panevėžio, Utenos ir Alytaus atvejai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110218_090913-66732.

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Žiniasklaidos atskaitingumas – prieš pusšimtį metų Jungtinėse Amerikos valstijose užgimusi idėja apie žiniasklaidos priemonių socialinę atsakomybę ir atskaitingumą visuomenei, tapo daugelio visuomenės informavimo priemonių bei komunikacijos tyrinėtojų, mokslininkų diskusijų objektu. Demokratinėse valstybėse žiniasklaidos atskaitingumo procesas yra lyg pusiausvyros taškas tarp žiniasklaidos laisvės ir kontrolės, kuris užtikrina žiniasklaidos turinio kokybę. Lietuvos viešojoje erdvėje žiniasklaidos atskaitingumas nėra plačiai diskutuojama tema. Žiniasklaidos atskaitingumo tyrimai Lietuvoje taip pat nėra vykdomi. Iki šios dienos yra atliktas tik vienas žiniasklaidos atskaitingumo tyrimas palietęs Lietuvą, o tiksliau tik didžiausius šalies leidinius. Tai paskatino atlikti mažesnių šalies žiniasklaidos priemonių atskaitingumo tyrimą. Empirinis darbo tyrimas buvo orientuotas į didžiausių Lietuvos regionų centrų žiniasklaidos priemones. Pagrindinis tyrimo tikslas buvo ištirti regioninės žiniasklaidos organizacijų atskaitingumą ir nustatyti, kokias žiniasklaidos atskaitingumo priemones savo veikloje integruoja tiriamų Lietuvos regionų – Kauno, Klaipėdos, Šiaulių, Panevėžio, Utenos ir Alytaus, žiniasklaidos organizacijos. Tyrimo metu buvo apklausta 10 regioninės žiniasklaidos priemonių ir atlikti 2 pusiau struktūruoti interviu su žiniasklaidos ekspertais. Apklausos metu buvo siekiama išsiaiškinti, kokias atskaitingumo priemones savo veikloje integruoja regioninės žiniasklaidos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Media accountability is the idea of media accountability and social responsibility to the public that have born in the United States of America half a century ago. The idea of media accountability became the subject of discussion among many media communication researches and academics. In democratic countries the media accountability process is like a point of balance between media freedom and control that ensures the quality of media content. Media accountability is not a widely discussed subject in the Lithuanian public sphere. There are not many researches which concern media accountability as well. Up to this day, there is developed only one media accountability research in Lithuania. The accountability research concerned only the main publications of the country. Hence, it encouraged to develop the research of regional media accountability. Empirical research was focused on the regional media organizations of the largest regions of Lithuania. The aim of the research was to explore the accountability of regional media and to find out which media accountability tools are integrated in to the activities of Kaunas, Klaipėda, Šiauliai, Panevėžys, Utena ir Alytus regional media organizations. The research was based on a survey of 10 regional media organizations and a semi-structured interview with two media experts. The research was intended to clarify which media accountability tools are integrated in the activities of regional media organizations and to find out which... [to full text]

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Almeida, Pedro Fontes Barbosa de. "Estratégias e ações de marketing e comunicação em instituições particulares de solidariedade social : estudo de caso : Associação Casapiana de Solidariedade." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14169.

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Mestrado em Ciências Empresariais
A presente dissertação enquadra as estratégias e ações de marketing e comunicação, e outras práticas de gestão nas IPSS. Estas são organizações sem fins lucrativos que pertencem, mas não esgotam o Terceiro Setor, tendo atualmente uma elevada importância para a sociedade, facilmente comprovada pela relevância que a Economia Social tem na economia do país. A redução dos financiamentos por parte do Estado, e as dificuldades sentidas por este tipo de instituições, despoletaram a necessidade da sua profissionalização. O presente trabalho foca-se no caso empírico de uma IPSS, a ACS, que tem já implementadas práticas de gestão geralmente utilizadas no setor lucrativo. Deste modo, a presente dissertação tem como principais objetivos compreender qual a relevância para os gestores da ACS, das estratégias e ações de marketing e comunicação para a instituição, de que forma são utilizadas, e qual a importância da introdução de práticas de gestão neste tipo de organizações. A escolha do Estudo de Caso como metodologia foi muito importante, possibilitando através da consulta de várias fontes de dados disponíveis assegurar diferentes perspetivas, permitindo a análise e compreensão da importância que a profissionalização e as práticas de gestão têm para as organizações sem fins lucrativos, neste caso, para a ACS como IPSS escolhida para o estudo. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que a introdução de práticas de gestão, utilizadas no setor lucrativo, nas IPSS têm um importante papel no seu dia-a-dia.
This work addresses the communication and marketing strategies and actions, as well as management best practices, within the IPSS. These not-for-profit organizations belong to the third sector, playing an important role in society that can be easily perceived from the impact that social economy has in the country's national economy. The difficulties of these entities, with particular relevance to the reduction of the public funding, have raised the need of turning into professionally run entities. The main goals of this work are to understand how relevant are the marketing actions and communication strategies for the institution, how are they employed and what is the importance of the introduction of management best practices within this type of organizations. The choice of the Case Study approach as a methodology was very important, not only allowing to know different perspectives by consulting several sources of information, but also to analyse and understand how important the professionalization and management best practices are for the not-for-profit organizations (specifically for ACS as the chosen IPSS for the current study). The results achieved with this work suggest that the introduction of management best practices by the IPSS, having the ACS as an empirical case, already in use in the for-profit sector, have a verified importance in their day to day work.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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Melo, Paulo Victor Purificação. "Estado e comunicação : uma análise das TVs Legislativas estaduais no Brasil." Pós-Graduação em Comunicação, 2014. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/4037.

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The purpose of this presente essay is to investigate the segment of State´s Legislative Televisions in Brazil, establishing as specific object of study the analysis of the technology offered to acess the schedule, models of management and the schedule profile of these broadcast TVs. The research focuses on the structure and organization of the TVs, extending them as a part of a complex public communication system which had its historic development imprinted by a minor complementary condition facing the brazilian State´s attempt to privilege the private initiative´s exploitation of the broadcasting service. The Legislative TVs in Brazil were created less than 20 years ago and have been one of the most important instruments used by the parliament in approximation and dialogue with society. It, furthermore, represents an improvement of the perspective of communication democracy´s systems, especially because it has distinct content in comparison to comercial media. The State´s Legislative TVs, specially mentioning the models of management, are also configured as space property of the Legislative Assembly Directors Table, where the guarantee of social participation determinant for the accountability and its conditions as vehicle of public communication is revealed as a necessary challenge. This aspect is intensified by the absence of a legislature to establish conditions for functionality, management and use of these TVs, either federal, state or municipal, becoming even more difficult to be supervised and controlled by society.
A presente dissertação investiga o segmento das TVs Legislativas estaduais no Brasil, estabelecendo como objeto específico a análise do tipo de tecnologia disponibilizada para o acesso à programação, os modelos de gestão e o perfil de programação dessas emissoras. A pesquisa se detém sobre a estrutura e organização dessas TVs, entendendo-as como parte de um complexo sistema de comunicação pública, que teve o seu desenvolvimento histórico marcado por uma condição de complementaridade marginal frente à opção do Estado brasileiro em privilegiar a iniciativa privada na exploração do serviço de radiodifusão. Com menos de 20 anos de existência no país, as TVs Legislativas têm se constituído como importantes instrumentos de aproximação e diálogo dos parlamentos com a sociedade, além de representarem um avanço na perspectiva da democratização dos meios de comunicação, especialmente por possibilitar conteúdos distintos dos veiculados na mídia comercial. Além disso, especialmente no que diz respeito às instâncias de gestão, as TVs Legislativas estaduais ainda se configuram como espaços de propriedade das Mesas Diretoras das Assembleias Legislativas, em que a garantia da participação social, elemento determinante para o cumprimento do seu papel de accountability e a sua condição de veículo do campo público de comunicação, ainda se revela como um desafio necessário. Isso se agrava com a ausência de uma legislação que estabeleça as condições de funcionamento, gestão e utilização dessas TVs, sejam elas federais, estaduais ou municipais, o que dificulta as possibilidades de acompanhamento e controle por parte da sociedade.

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Bonin, Geneviève. "Accountability and the CRTC: an evaluation of the Canadian commercial radio licence renewal process (1997-2007)." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=95102.

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In most areas of public policy, where regulation is expected to exhibit transparency and accountability, evaluation is recognized as necessary. Broadcasting is no different. Nevertheless, recently published reports repeatedly argue that a new evaluative approach for broadcasting processes and policies is required not only because current Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) policies and programs are inadequate, but also because past assessments are outdated and new methodologies should be adopted. Evidence is provided by numerous scholarly articles and public forum testimonies in recent years. In this context, the objective of this dissertation is to determine how and to what extent the CRTC holds radio station owners accountable to the objectives of the Broadcasting Act, 1991 through the application of the Radio regulations, 1986, the Commercial Radio Policy, 1998 and the Commercial Radio Policy, 2006, as well as broadcasters' conditions of licence. Using a normative evaluation approach, the methodology for this research involved documentary analysis of 141 radio station licence renewal decisions from the perspective of the law, policies, regulations and CRTC annual reports, to determine the extent to which the objectives of the Broadcasting Act, 1991 are met. Measurements and criteria for this study were based on an extensive literature review and an understanding of the process itself. This analysis was complemented by information obtained through interviews with relevant stakeholders. Findings yield compelling distinctions between the formal licence renewal process and what actually takes place. Although the CRTC seems to have criteria to evaluate stations and has been moving toward streamlining in recent years, it is apparent that case by case approaches are still employed. Information concerning the types of mistakes' the CRTC considers when evaluating a file and their consequences are also relevant results of the study. An
Dans la plupart des secteurs de politiques publiques, où la réglementation est censée assurer transparence et responsabilisation, il est reconnu que l'évaluation est nécessaire. Le secteur de la radiodiffusion n'est pas différent. Toutefois, de récents rapports plaident sans cesse en faveur d'une nouvelle approche pour évaluer le système de radiodiffusion et ses politiques non seulement parce que les politiques et programmes du Conseil de la radiodiffusion et des télécommunications canadiennes (CRTC) sont inadéquats, mais aussi, car les systèmes d'évaluations antérieurs sont périmés et de nouvelles méthodologies devraient être adoptées. La preuve est fournie par les multiples articles et témoignages dans les forums publics mis à notre disposition dans les dernières années. Dans ce contexte, l'objectif de cette recherche est de déterminer comment et à quel point le CRTC assure l'imputabilité des propriétaires de stations vis-à-vis les objectifs de la Loi sur la radiodiffusion, 1991, et son application dans le règlement de 1986 sur la radio, la politique de 1998 sur la radio commerciale et celle de 2006, en plus des conditions de licence des radiodiffuseurs. En utilisant une approche normative d'évaluation, cette recherche comprend une analyse de la loi et des politiques, des rapports annuels du CRTC et des décisions de renouvellements de 141 stations de radio pour déterminer jusqu'à quel point les objectifs de la Loi sur la radiodiffusion, 1991 sont atteints. Les mesures et les critères pour cette partie de l'étude ont été établis en fonction d'une analyse documentaire exhaustive et une compréhension du processus lui-même. Cette analyse est soutenue par les informations obtenues durant des entrevues avec des parties prenantes pertinentes. Les résultats ont fourni des informations intéressantes au sujet des différences entre les politiques écrites du renouvellement de licences et les procédures réelles. Même si le CR

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Mshana, Hawa Yatera. "Community Public-Private Partnership Leadership Synergy in Tanzania." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4807.

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Although the public-private partnership (PPP) concept in health and social health has been politically accepted as the best pathway to improving health outcomes in many developing nations, implementation lacks leadership synergy. Lack of awareness and engagement of community leaders about PPP interventions and their benefits affect accountability and ownership of health and social care interventions. The purpose of this study was to better understand factors that could promote partnership leadership synergy to enhance ownership and accountability for community health and social welfare initiatives in Tanzania. A qualitative empirical case study design was used; diffusion of innovation and the public-private integrated partnership module constituted the theoretical framework. A purposeful sample of 26 participants responded to in-depth, 1-on-1 interviews; they were guided with semi-structured questions; the related document was reviewed. NVivo software was used to facilitated data management and content analysis. The key findings indicated that integrated supportive supervision, teamwork, and strategic communications promote partnership leadership synergy. Also, findings show that a lack of clear roles and responsibilities, poor quality data, a lack of understanding the benefits of PPP in health at the community level hinder ownership and accountability in the implementation of PPP health interventions. The results of this study yield insight into the national PPP technical and leadership team that could support the priorities in the implementation of the partnership projects. These results may contribute to social change through an increase in awareness and understanding of PPP in health at the community level and, in turn, promote ownership and accountability.

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Schlosberg, Justin. "Power in the dock : media and accountability in the digital age." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2012. http://research.gold.ac.uk/8029/.

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Contemporary democratic discourse places emphasis on accountability as the basis of power legitimacy and the scholarly literature across disciplines has reserved a special space for the media in that process, for better or for worse. But exactly who is held to account, when, how and by whom, remain troubling questions in the study of media, politics and power. Amidst displays of adversarial journalism without fear or favour, how far are powerful interests still able to control the agenda and manipulate outcomes? The research undertaken here set out to interrogate the notion of media spectacle in a different way from which it has been commonly applied in critical media theory. In particular, its intimate association with sensationalism and tabloidisation threatens to obscure the role of spectacle in what are considered the mainstays of ‘serious’ or responsible news. The Sun might still be the most popular newspaper in Britain, and online news the fastest growing platform, but it is the serious news outlets of traditional media – public service broadcasting, broadsheets, weeklies etc – which remain by far the most credible sources of news and information. And it is credibility which holds the key to ideological power. The research involved extensive analysis of archived television news programmes, supplemented by 50 interviews with a cross section of news producers and actors including journalists, news executives, politicians, campaigners, press officers, lawyers and civil servants. The core subject is terrestrial television news in the UK – a public service regulated platform with a longstanding reputation for high quality journalism. My overall concern is not so much with scandal involving official misconduct or misdemeanour, but rather controversies that point to systemic institutional corruption of the kind that transcends individuals and party politics. These controversies are no longer rare exceptions in the contemporary newscape and their existence raises profound questions about the scope of accountability through the media. There has, however, been surprisingly little critical assessment of such coverage. This provided the overarching motivation for the research; a core premise being that only by examining those instances where mechanisms of accountability appear most far reaching, can we gain a new understanding of ideological power in the age of transparency.

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Bresolin, Jenna. "Social Networks for Social Change: Looking into Morality and Accountability during times of National Crises in the United States." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28719.

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The thesis explores the ways in which Americans on two popular social network sites, Facebook and YouTube, conceptualize the issues of crises, specifically financial, health care, and war, in the name of achieving social change and investigates the two-way flow of communication between the government and its citizens through social network sites. The thesis epistemologically feeds from the works of Thomas Hobbes' (1651) theory of government responsibility to society, William James' (1910) theory on crisis and social change, and Hannah Arendt's (1958) theory on collective action and is further guided by the theoretical frameworks of Jurgen Habermas' (1976; 1989) undistorted communication and public sphere theories and Manuel Castells' (1996; 2007) network and mass self-communication theories. Qualitative content analysis through purposive, quota, and sequential sampling of the comments posted on the White House's social media pages is conducted to gauge citizens' sentiments and conceptualizations. The findings show that Americans desire change through increased citizen participation in both politics and the community in addition to higher standards of government accountability. Social network sites contribute by providing a method to facilitate government two-way communication through an unprecedented level of speed and accessibility, which is imperative for social change to occur in the new digital age. Social media sites are conducive to social change because they allow for near-universal access despite geographic limitations, promote government accountability and transparency, and provide a public sphere-like environment for debate and conversation, all of which allow for the betterment of society and provide the method through which crises can be assuaged.

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Skaar, Christofer. "Accountability in the Value Chain: Product Declarations as a Tool for Measuring, Managing and Communicating CSR Performance." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for industriell økonomi og teknologiledelse, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-20229.

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Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a concept applied to business organisations that choose to behave beyond the legal requirements for their impacts on society and the environment. A central activity of CSR is to communicate with society, i.e. through credible reporting the organisation makes itself accountable to the public. The scope of accountability is not limited to single organisations or single aspects. Social and environmental aspects in the whole value chain must be addressed. The purpose of this research is to develop and present a framework for managing and communicating on CSR aspects in the value chain; appropriately called the framework for Management and Communication of Environmental and Social aspects (MCES). The theoretical background of the research is systems thinking, CSR and Industrial Ecology (IE). The framework integrates product reporting with a management system based on the principle of continual improvement. Economic aspects are not included. A literature review of management, certification and reporting approaches identified two gaps in current practices. The first is that there are no globally recognised reporting approaches that deal with both the processes and the organisations that together constitute the value chain. The second is that there are no reporting approaches that deal with both social and environmental aspects in the value chain. The literature review suggests that there is a need for such an integrated approach. This is the first contribution of the research. An exploratory case study was conducted in the Norwegian furniture industry in the period between 2005 and 2010. The case study was divided into four phases. Practical results include the DATSUPI software and a verified LCA database, which can be used together for documenting environmental and social performance of products and for creating Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs). The assessment of social performance in the case study is limited to chemical use in the production phase and emissions from products in the use phase. From this comes the second contribution of the thesis, integrating product emissions in the use phase into a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), which can in turn be included in a product declaration. The third contribution of the research is the MCES framework, which integrates product reporting with a plan-do-check-act management system. The framework is based on product reporting as a central activity in a continual improvement perspective, where improvement can be for a product, for a reporting system, for an organisation or for a value chain. The framework relies on the use of performance indicators with the intention of including both environmental and social aspects. The results of the case study indicate that the main challenge when applying such a framework is that of finding indicators that can be allocated and aggregated throughout the value chain and remain meaningful. This supports the initial findings of the literature review. Future progress depends on a scientific consensus on indicators and aggregation methods, which means that in the near term transparency in reporting is critical for CSR.

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Heinzen, Alice B. "Development of a train-the-trainer manual for an abstinence-only program called Family Accountability Communicating Teen Sexuality." Online version, 1998. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1998/1998heinzena.pdf.

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Augustinho, Sônia Maria. "A nova contabilidade pública brasileira como instrumento de controle social para a "governança" do estado: um estudo sobre a compreensão da evidenciação das demonstrações contábeis públicas pelos líderes comunitários da cidade de Curitiba no ano de 2013." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2013. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/726.

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As mudanças introduzidas pela nova contabilidade aplicada ao setor público possuem como um dos seus pressupostos, a melhoria da transparência e evidenciação da gestão governamental, sendo um dos seus objetivos suportar a instrumentalização do controle social. Neste contexto, é imprescindível que as mensagens transmitidas pelos relatórios contábeis públicos sejam compreendidas pelo cidadão. Com efeito, este trabalho tem por norte discutir: como melhorar a compreensibilidade, pelo cidadão médio, sobre a informação contábil contida nas demonstrações contábeis públicas, parte integrante das prestações de contas dos agentes públicos? Para dar o primeiro passo nessa discussão, colocou-se como objetivo geral do estudo conhecer o nível de entendimento e de interesse dos líderes comunitários da cidade de Curitiba pela prestação de contas dos agentes públicos a partir das informações extraídas das demonstrações contábeis públicas. A pesquisa se valeu do questionário como instrumento de coleta de dados em campo. A metodologia da análise de dados aplicada ao questionário se utilizou das análises univariada e bivariada, esta última realizada com o auxilio do teste quiquadrado. Desvenda-se, por intermédio da pesquisa de campo, aliada ao referencial teórico, apoiado pelas pesquisas bibliográfica e documental que, embora grande parte dos pesquisados (respondentes) não procurem se informar sobre a utilização do dinheiro público, a sua grande maioria, afirma ter muito ou médio interesse em conhecer o conteúdo da prestação de contas. Sustenta-se que a dificuldade na busca pela informação está justamente na falta de entendimento da terminologia contábil pública. Como resultado, nota-se, que as restrições na comunicação contábil, podem ser reduzidas quando esta é sucedida de análise e interpretação e exposta em linguagem de fácil compreensão.
Improvements on transparency and substantiation of Public Administration are in the core of changes brought in by New Accounting to the Public Sector, given that one of its goals is to accomplish social control. In this context, it is undisputed that citizens must understand the message enclosed in government financial statements. This paper is aimed at discussing how to make average citizens have a better understanding of accounting information enclosed in government financial statements, which are essential to account-giving by public agents. First step was set the objective as uncovering how much local volunteer leaders in the city of Curitiba, Brazil, knew about and were interested in account-giving by public agents, from the information extracted from government financial statements. The research made use of the questionnaire as a tool for data collection in the field. The methodology of data analysis applied to the questionnaire was used univariate and bivariate analyzes of, the latter performed with the aid of the chi-square test. Based on field research, theoretical references, literature review and documentary research, it was discovered that most of the respondents don’t seek out information about public expenditure, even though the vast majority is highly or averagely interested in the contents of account-giving. It is stated that what makes seeking out information difficult is precisely the lack of knowledge in public accounting terminology. As a result, it is perceptible that restrictions on financial communication may be reduced with previous analysis and elucidation and with the use of uncomplicated language.

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Mouchard, Emilie. "L’accountability ou le principe de responsabilité en matière de protection des renseignements personnels." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS116.

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Entre terme anglophone et concept transversal, l’accountability pose la question du principe de responsabilité et de sa réalisation dans la protection des renseignements personnels. Résultat d’un cheminement à la fois social et législatif, l’imputabilité qui ressort du concept fait de la protection des renseignements personnels un processus à la fois collaboratif et individuel de régulation au service de la responsabilité et des risques nouveaux générés par les technologies de l’information et le déploiement des théories de la responsabilité sociale des entreprises.À la fois objectif, mécanisme et instrument d’une protection des renseignements personnels efficace et efficiente, le principe d’accountability est un principe de droit et de gestion, souvent compris par les entreprises comme une technique de management interne. La mise en action de l’accountability project, par le biais de la reconnaissance du principe par l’OCDE, a mis en lumière l’idée d’une accountability comme un standard essentiel, un mécanisme nécessaire, et un besoin de moralisation à intégrer au regard des risques engendrés par les évolutions sociales et technologiques sur le droit fondamental à la vie privée et la protection des renseignements personnels
Between anglophone word and transversal concept, accountability ask about the responsability and the enforcement of its principle in privacy laws. Result of a social and legislative path, the imputabilité, who came throught the concept, shows privacy laws as a collaborative and individual regulation process, serving the responsability and the risks that cames with the information technologies and the achievement of the corporate social responsability.In the same time seeing as a goal, a mechanism and an instrument of an effective and efficient privacy, the accountability principle is a legal and a management principle, used by companies as an intern management technic. The realisation of the accountability project take place with the acknoledgement of the principle by the OECD, who highlight the accountability as an essential standard, a necessary mecanism and a moralization requirement according the risks that came throught social and technological evolutions on the right to privacy and its laws

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Urniaz, Piotr. "Redigering och skuld : Ett kognitivt perspektiv på redigeringensfunktioner i ansvarsutkrävande tv-reportage." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kultur- och medievetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-66907.

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Abstract: During the past decade, media researchers have intensified the study of media scandals and the role of journalism as an institution that holds social actors responsible for malfeasance and wrongdoings. On a micro level of analysis, the main attention has beendirected towards the journalistic interview and its use to promote the impression of guilt and journalistic neutrality. However, such studies have not been able to address the editing dimension of TV journalism that transforms conversation to another type of communicativepractice – that of communication through TV-flows composed of speech sequences, pictures,and sounds. This doctoral thesis develops a theoretical framework for analysis of the functions of editing inthe process of guilt attribution by journalistic TV-flows – e.g. investigative TV reporting. The purpose is also to contribute to an understanding of the relationship between the communicative competences of viewers and the contextualization of speech acts through the composition of TV-flows. The developed perspective consists of three parts: 1) A division of viewers’ reception of TV-flows in two types of interpersonal relations (to a speaker and to the composer) that involves six levels of cognitive activities. This division is based on the Habermasian notion of communicative rationality; 2) An intent-model, that lists communicative intentions expressed by the composer when speech sequences are merged and pictures are inserted; 3) A guilt-model, that encompasses guilt as a mental structure of ontologically separated elements (e.g. deed,intention, norm) and the associative relations that the viewer uses to create a meaningful whole– a fabula of guilt. The conveyed analysis of three cases of investigative reporting illustrates how the developed framework can be applied in the study of guilt attribution. The analyses also describe several compositional strategies by which the viewer is encouraged to make certain meaning, evaluate, and judge. The strategies concern the following areas: promotion of certain understanding of speech, promotion of certain evaluation of the validity claims, and promotion of certain understanding of the speaker’s intentions. Also strategies of positioning of the reporter in constructed discourses, that enhance the impression of her performances and argumentation, are explored. Furthermore, the composer’s strategies for masking intentions to interfere with the speech acts, by increasing intent ambiguity, are described. The guilt-model is used to understand the workings of the TV-flow on an overreaching level of meaning (the fabula level). Here, the analysis explains the interplay between portrayed intentions and acts, and the different ways in which condemning norms can be activated and highlighted. Furthermore, the model explores the possible employment of categorization in theprocess of guilt attribution (e.g. when properties of an individual are transferred to a group). In sum, this thesis contributes to a new way of understanding the reception of current affairs programs and TV journalism, as relation building between composer and viewer, by means of contextualization of speech acts.

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Tavares, Bruno da Silva. "Pluralidade na cobertura do Jornal Nacional sobre os preparativos para a Copa do Mundo 2014 : avaliação da conformidade do conteúdo jornalístico com as garantias do documento editorial das Organizações Globo." Pós-Graduação em Comunicação, 2014. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/4022.

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This research aims to assess the degree of compliance of |Jornal Nacional| TV News, with the requirements of plurality ensured in the document |Editorial Principles of Globo Organizations|, on the cover of the preparations for the FIFA World Cup and Confederations Cup events. The work is divided into two parts: In the first, it is discussed the concept of plurality in journalism; how this value is related to the pluralist model of democratic theories; in which political circumstances this requirement of the journalistic activity helps to legitimize the journalism as a mediation forum of antagonistics and various positions. In parallel, we identified the editorial guidance document of |Rede Globo| Network as a tool for accountability processes, which enables the monitoring of journalistic content on the part of users, in order to check if the company delivers what ensures produce. The oriented devices to charge the journalistic processes for advertising and responsability of those who produce a public service are understood as a way of strengthening the producer-audience relationship, which competes for the extension of the social responsibility´s activity. In the second part, it´s presented the evaluation of plurality, in which was employed a methodology, developed in the framework of |Program of Research on Quality, Innovation and Technology Applied to Journalism| (Qualijor), which evaluated two aspects of the company: the editorial principles document of Globo Organizations; And the coverage of Jornal Nacional| TV News on the preparations of the mentioned events, with regard to compliance with the requirements for a plural coverage: 1) media autonomy in relation to the parties; 2) debate accessibility by agents potentially involved and 3) balance in the involved participation. The |Rede Globo| Network, as a FIFA´s partner and promoter of the World Cup, hosts the debate about the event in its TV News, but it is also interested party, setting up as well, a situation of conflict of interest that puts into question the basic condition for promotion of a plural coverage, contradicting guarantees provided in its document. In this scenario, this search looks for signs of asymmetry between what is guaranteed and what, in fact, is offered by the journalism of the broadcaster in relation to the plurality; suggesting as well, the increase in the debate on supervision mechanisms of journalistic content, in reason of the quality desired by its producers.
Esta dissertação tem como objetivo avaliar o grau de conformidade da cobertura do Jornal Nacional com requisitos de pluralidade, assegurados tanto no documento Princípios Editoriais das Organizações Globo, quanto no referencial teórico proposto. A temática da cobertura observada consistiu nos preparativos para os eventos Copa do Mundo e Copa das Confederações. O trabalho está dividido em duas partes: na primeira é discutida a noção de pluralidade no jornalismo; como este valor está relacionado com o modelo pluralista das teorias democráticas; em qual conjuntura política esta exigência da atividade jornalística ajuda a legitimar o jornalismo como fórum de mediação de posicionamentos diversos e antagônicos. Em paralelo, identificamos o documento de orientação editorial da Rede Globo como possível ferramenta de accountability, que possibilita a fiscalização do conteúdo jornalístico por parte dos usuários, de modo a verificar se a empresa entrega aquilo que assegura produzir. Os dispositivos orientados para cobrar publicidade dos processos jornalísticos e responsabilização dos que produzem um serviço de natureza pública são entendidos como uma via de fortalecimento da relação produtor-usuário, que concorre para ampliação da responsabilidade social da atividade. Na segunda parte, é apresentada a avaliação da pluralidade, na qual foi empregada uma metodologia, desenvolvida no âmbito do Programa de Pesquisa em Qualidade, Inovação e Tecnologia Aplicadas ao Jornalismo (Qualijor), que avaliou dois aspectos da empresa: o documento de princípios editoriais da Globo; e a cobertura do Jornal Nacional sobre os preparativos dos eventos citados, no tocante ao respeito aos requisitos para uma cobertura plural: 1) autonomia do veículo em relação às partes envolvidas na cobertura; 2) acessibilidade ao debate pelos agentes potencialmente envolvidos e 3) equilíbrio na participação dos envolvidos. Foram analisadas 84 matérias, veiculadas entre 15/06/2012 e 15/06/2013. A Rede Globo, enquanto parceira da FIFA e promotora da realização da Copa do Mundo, sedia o debate sobre o evento em seu telejornal, mas é também parte interessada, configurando assim uma situação de conflito de interesse que põe em xeque a condição elementar para promoção de uma cobertura plural, contradizendo garantias previstas em seu documento. Neste cenário, a pesquisa apura indícios de assimetria entre o que é prometido e o que, de fato, é oferecido pelo jornalismo da emissora no tocante à pluralidade, sugerindo assim, a ampliação no debate sobre mecanismos de fiscalização do conteúdo jornalístico em razão da qualidade pretendida por seus produtores.

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Coelho, Jose Flavio Guerra Machado, and f. coelho@bigpond com. "SUSTAINABILITY PERFORMANCE EVALUATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS MODEL FOR INDIVIDUAL ORGANIZATIONS AND SUPPLY CHAINS." Central Queensland University, 2006. http://library-resources.cqu.edu.au./thesis/adt-QCQU/public/adt-QCQU20060720.094327.

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The title of the research is Sustainability Performance Evaluation Management Systems Model for Individual Organizations and Supply Chains. This research has achieved its aim to develop and demonstrate the practical implementation of a simple and objective sustainability performance evaluation management system model for individual organizations and supply chains. It has resulted in the recognition that a new concept Network of Interested Partners underpins the achievement of sustainability. The term acknowledges the interdependence and reflects the essential cooperation that must be achieved between business organisations, their commercially related entities and the local community if progress towards sustainability is to be achieved. It therefore encompasses and extends the concept of a supply chain as currently used. Sustainable Development is defined by the World Commission on Environment and Development as development, which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future societies to meet their own needs. Organizations, as part of human activities, also have to be sustainable. The sustainability of organizations is directly linked to the continual improvement of business performance. Many organizations have found a way to improve performance through the establishment of management systems. International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards are recognized worldwide as reliable and efficient tools for the implementation of management systems. However, they do not always result in the desired improvement in outcomes. Therefore, if the required improvement of business performance is to be achieved, improved methodologies for development and implementation of performance evaluation (PE) processes are necessary. These methodologies must take into consideration sustainability principles. They also have to be applicable to individual entities and supply chains, with or without management systems in place. Supply chains are important because it is being increasingly recognized that overall supply chain performance is a means of adding value and competitive advantage to all businesses. In the first part of the research a performance evaluation model or PE (version 1 model) was developed. This was used as criteria to compare and evaluate existing performance evaluation processes and outcomes of individual organisations and their respective supply chain within the Gladstone region, Australia. Questionnaires have also been used to identify and evaluate the needs of the interested parties in relation to the organizations and supply chains business performance and processes of performance evaluation. All the information provided in the first part of the research was used by the researcher to develop the Sustainability Performance Evaluation Management Systems model or SPEMS (version 2 model). This incorporates the concepts of Network of Interested Parties/Partners. In particular, one of the outcomes is recognition that organizations need to establish partnerships if effective supply chain performance improvement is to be achieved. Therefore the establishment of partnerships has become a key requirement for the implementation of SPEMS. The establishment of partnership among participants of a supply chain of Gladstone and implementation of the eight first steps of the SPEMS (version 2 model) in this supply chain was commenced successfully through workshops. The supply chain was formed by commercial organizations, government entities and interested parties from the community. SPEMS requires that partners all have the same level of ownership and authority in the decisions of the supply chain. Some new terms and their definitions have been created within the research to support the new SPEMS model. They include: Network of Interested Partners, sustainability for organizations, sustainability KPI and sustainability friendly organizations. All of the above are encompassed within the final SPEMS (version 3 model).

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Storm, Frida. "RISK, RESPECT & UNSPEAKABLE ACTS : Untangling Intimate-Sexual Consent through 'Intuitive Inquiry' & 'Agential Realism'." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Centrum för genusforskning (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-83220.

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Анотація:

In an attempt to address the issues in research and theory on consent, this thesis explores what consent can be seen as "doing" through an 'Intuitive Inquiry' (Anderson 2011a) and 'Agential Realism' (Barad 2007). Various manifestations of consent appears through: the experience of the researcher, consent research and theory, consent legislation, interviews with professionals in intimate-sexual consent, and, feminist fanzines. Consent evokes issues around agency, power, communication, respect, violence, risk, morals and ethics that go beyond sexual-intimate negotiation. Consent emerges as multiple, complex and fluid in 'intra-action' (ibid.) with the context. Entanglements and paradoxes of consent are further explored in 'diffractive analysis' (ibid.) through "bodily autonomy" and"rights/obligations". As a phenomenon, consent appears to make agency and power intelligible (to different degrees), but, can not be said to provide a viable strategy against sexual violence. The tenets of consent discourse risk (re)producing anxieties around intimacy and sex, responsibilizing survivors and obfuscating sexual violence. Further and improved research on communication in everyday sexual negotiation, sexual violence, consent legislation and what consent "does" is urgently needed.Through creative method and new epistemology the thesis (re)presents a knowledge process true to lived experience, as well as, an invitation to pull the terrible wonderful world, it's complexities, and us in it, closer.
I ett försök att ta itu med problem inom forskning och teori om 'consent' undersöker denna avhandling vad samtycke kan ses som ”göra” genom 'Intuitiv Inquiry' (Anderson 2011a) och'Agential Realism' (Barad 2007). Olika manifestationer av 'consent' framträder genom: forskarens erfarenheter, samtyckes-forskning och teori, samtyckelagstiftning, intervjuer med professionella inom samtycke, och, feministiska fanzines. Samtycke väcker frågor kring agens, makt, kommunikation, respekt, våld, risk, moral och etik som går bortom sexuella-intima förhandlingar. Samtycke framträder som multipelt, komplext och rörligt i 'intra-action' (ibid.) med kontexten. 'Entanglements' och paradoxer inom samtycke undersöks vidare i 'diffraktiv analys' (ibid.) genom "kroppslig autonomi" och"rättigheter/skyldigheter". Som ett fenomen gör samtycke agens och makt möjlig att tänka (iolika grad), men kan inte sägas bidra med en hållbar strategi mot sexuellt våld. Grundsatserna i samtyckesdiskursen riskerar att (re)producera ängsla kring intima-sexuella situationer, responsibilisera offer och dölja sexuellt våld. Ytterligare och förbättrad forskning är i akut behov kring kommunikation i vardagliga sexuella förhandlingar, sexuellt våld, samtyckeslagstiftning och vad samtycke "gör". Genom kreativ metod och ny epistemologi (re)presenterar avhandlingen en kunskapsprocesssom är trogen till levd verklighet, samt en inbjudan att närma sig, den fruktansvärda underbara världen, dess komplexitet, och oss inom den.

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36

Fullana, Blanca. "Brand patrimony: on the hypertext of the brand asset and its corporate culture and identity principles accountability: a new context-paradigm perspective about one of today's most valuable organizational assets, the managing responsability it conveys and a recommended guide for relevant corporate communications functions and activity." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/401586.

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Анотація:

The present investigation is an approach to brand value from a top-management perspective, asserting that a brand is not merely a commercial value portrayed by a product placed in a market; even less so, a public relations rhetoric avowing a political correctness, but rather a full-length ascribed patrimonial asset that conveys an organization’s cultural response to the societal issues within its activity-bound. In such, considering the brand as an intangible in-management attribute that is portrayed across the entire chain of productivity whilst influencing current and future innovation processes, in return. Operating under a new context paradigm, the brand becomes patrimony (overall value), beyond –and not excluding- (financial) equity. In all, a hypertext practical vision on the attributions of the brand to signify knowledge-based corporate culture responsibility, amidst identity acknowledgement, multi-stakeholders engagement and reputation’s risk management and anticipation. Focus of this research, sets forth to upgrade the brand as a significant element of business management, and not just of marketing, and shares guided contribution to the key tasks and tools currently at stake in the development of well-grounded corporate communications.
La present investigació és un acostament al valor de la marca des de la perspectiva de la direcció general, afirmant que una marca no és un simple valor comercial; el d’un producte adreçat a un mercat -menys encara, una retòrica pública de correcció política- sinó més aviat un actiu patrimonial transversal que dona resposta, a través d’una identitat pròpia i d’una cultura d'organització -i per tant dins del seu àmbit d’actuació-, als debats i reptes de la societat local, però també global. En aquest sentit, considerant la marca com un intangible en la gestió, que es troba al llarg de tota la cadena de valor i productivitat i que té influència sobre els processos d'innovació actuals i de futur, que alhora en redundaran. Operant sota un nou paradigma de context, la marca es converteix en patrimoni (valor total), més enllà -i sense excloure- el brand equity1 (valor financer); ampliant les atribucions de la marca per significar-la sota una responsabilitat cultural corporativa (RCC)2 basada en el coneixement, en el reconeixement de la pròpia identitat corporativa, i involucrant i fent partícips a múltiples agents externs que permeten anticipar-se i gestionar els riscos que actuen sobre la reputació. L’aportació principal, fruit de la investigació, i basat en l’experiència empírica, situa a la marca com un element clau de la gestió empresarial, i no només del màrqueting, alhora que contribueix a donar pautes sobre les funcions practiques essencials que cal assolir des de la disciplina de la comunicació corporativa.
La presente investigación es una aproximación al valor de la marca desde la perspectiva de la dirección general, afirmando que una marca no es un simple valor comercial: el de un producto dirigido a un mercado; menos aún, el de una retórica pública, sino más bien, un activo patrimonial transversal que da respuesta, a través de una identidad propia y una cultura de organización (y por lo tanto dentro de un ámbito concreto de actuación), a los debates y retos pertinentes de la sociedad local, pero también global. En este sentido, considerando a la marca como un activo intangible en la gestión, que se encuentra a lo largo de toda la cadena de productividad y que tiene influencia sobre los procesos de innovación actuales y de futuro, que a su vez le redundarán. Operando bajo un nuevo paradigma de contexto, la marca se convierte en patrimonio (valor total), más allá -y sin exclusión del brand equity3 (valor financiero), ampliando las atribuciones de la marca para significarse bajo una responsabilidad cultural corporativa (RCC)4 basada en el conocimiento, en el reconocimiento de la propia identidad corporativa e involucrando y haciendo participes a múltiples agentes externos que permiten anticiparse y gestionar los riesgos que actúan sobre la reputación. La aportación principal, fruto de la investigación y basado en la experiencia empírica, sitúa a la marca como un elemento clave de la gestión empresarial, y no sólo del marketing, al tiempo que contribuye a dar pautas sobre las funciones prácticas esenciales que cabe desarrollar desde la disciplina de la comunicación corporativa.

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37

Baron, Elisa. "La coaction en droit pénal." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40049/document.

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Анотація:

Le coauteur est traditionnellement défini en droit pénal comme l’individu qui, agissant avec un autre, réunit sur sa tête l’ensemble des éléments constitutifs de l’infraction. Pourtant, il est permis de douter de la pertinence de cette affirmation tant la jurisprudence comme la doctrine en dévoient le sens.En réalité, loin d’être cantonnée à une simple juxtaposition d’actions, la coaction doit être appréhendée comme un mode à part entière de participation à l’infraction. En effet, elle apparaît comme un titre d’imputation à mi-chemin entre l’action et la complicité, auxquelles elle emprunte certains caractères. Autrement dit, elle se révèle être un mode de participation à sa propre infraction. Surtout, son particularisme est assuré par l’interdépendance unissant les coauteurs : parce que chacun s’associe à son alter ego, tous sont placés sur un pied d’égalité. Ces différents éléments, qui se retrouvent dans sa notion et dans son régime, permettent ainsi d’affirmer la spécificité de la coaction tout en renforçant la cohérence entre les différents modes de participation criminelle
In criminal law, the co-perpetrator is classically presented as an individual who, acting jointly with another, gathers all the constitutive elements of the offence. However, one may harbor doubts concerning the relevance of this assertion since both case law and legal scholars denature its meaning.Actually, far from being limited to a mere juxtaposition of perpetrations, co-perpetration must be understood as a full mode of participation in the offence. Indeed, it appears as a form of imputation halfway between perpetration and complicity, from which it borrows some characteristics. In other words, it proves to be a mode of participation in one’s own offence. Above all, its particularism is provided by the interdependence between the co-perpetrators : because each of them joins forces with his alter ego, all are placed on an equal footing. These elements, which are found both in it’s concept and in it’s regime, demonstrate thereby the specificity of co-perpetration while strengthening the coherence of the different modes of criminal participation

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38

Baron, Elisa. "La coaction en droit pénal." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40049.

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Анотація:

Le coauteur est traditionnellement défini en droit pénal comme l’individu qui, agissant avec un autre, réunit sur sa tête l’ensemble des éléments constitutifs de l’infraction. Pourtant, il est permis de douter de la pertinence de cette affirmation tant la jurisprudence comme la doctrine en dévoient le sens.En réalité, loin d’être cantonnée à une simple juxtaposition d’actions, la coaction doit être appréhendée comme un mode à part entière de participation à l’infraction. En effet, elle apparaît comme un titre d’imputation à mi-chemin entre l’action et la complicité, auxquelles elle emprunte certains caractères. Autrement dit, elle se révèle être un mode de participation à sa propre infraction. Surtout, son particularisme est assuré par l’interdépendance unissant les coauteurs : parce que chacun s’associe à son alter ego, tous sont placés sur un pied d’égalité. Ces différents éléments, qui se retrouvent dans sa notion et dans son régime, permettent ainsi d’affirmer la spécificité de la coaction tout en renforçant la cohérence entre les différents modes de participation criminelle
In criminal law, the co-perpetrator is classically presented as an individual who, acting jointly with another, gathers all the constitutive elements of the offence. However, one may harbor doubts concerning the relevance of this assertion since both case law and legal scholars denature its meaning.Actually, far from being limited to a mere juxtaposition of perpetrations, co-perpetration must be understood as a full mode of participation in the offence. Indeed, it appears as a form of imputation halfway between perpetration and complicity, from which it borrows some characteristics. In other words, it proves to be a mode of participation in one’s own offence. Above all, its particularism is provided by the interdependence between the co-perpetrators : because each of them joins forces with his alter ego, all are placed on an equal footing. These elements, which are found both in it’s concept and in it’s regime, demonstrate thereby the specificity of co-perpetration while strengthening the coherence of the different modes of criminal participation

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39

Mozayani, John. "Internet of Things : The Potential Influence of Enterprise Buyers on the Security of IoT." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254890.

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Анотація:

While IoT safety and security incidents continue to increase in frequency, scope and severity, there remains a gap in how the issue will be addressed. While the debate continues within academia, industry standards bodies, government and industry media, new entrants continue to rapidly enter the market with cheaper more powerful products with little incentive to address information security issues. In a free market economy, the supply and the demand would determine the product and services and the associated prices without intervention. Manufacturers are free to innovate, consumers drive choice and competition brings these opposing forces to an equilibrium of market price. But how does this economic system factor in the risk of an event that neither party may ever consider and, yet, it may impact not only impact those involved, but has the potential to have catastrophic harm to others? The downside, the system does not consider “external factors”, i.e. a compromise to accommodate what consumers need. Economists often urge governments to adopt policies that "internalize" an externality, so that costs and benefits will affect mainly parties who choose to incur them. Such an intervention, however, often comes with many challenges and consequences. Even with the added urgency of growing risk to human safety, regulatory intervention takes time. Likewise, a self-regulating market would undoubtedly also take a significant amount of time to take the necessary actions to address such an externality, even if incentivized. While it continues to be all too easy to defer the blame and risk on consumer, like the industrial revolution, this industry must overcome its own safety challenges like the auto, transportation or energy industries before it. While, consumers must inevitably take some reasonable measures to protect their interests, clearly the accountability must reside elsewhere. There is a potentially increasingly significant influential subset of consumers in the IoT ecosystem, the Enterprise Buyer, specifically marketing and technology executives, who champion consumer needs within their organization’s broader products and services that incorporate IoT. In this thesis, we aim to investigate the following issue: What are the attitudes and potential role for Enterprise Buyers in influencing negative externalities, i.e. IoT security in the IoT market, specifically from the perspective of marketing and technology executives? We believe that this group is uniquely positioned to understand a consumer first mindset and how to articulate value in otherwise negatively perceived field of information security by examining context, business/technical challenges and opportunities and reveal awareness, attitude and accountability. The results of our survey show the majority of marketing and technology executives who responded believe information security awareness is increasingly an executive accountability and priority and Enterprise Buyers hold a highly influential position in their ability to influence the IoT market and its security development and maturation.
Medan IoT- säkerhetsincidenter fortsätter att öka i frekvens, omfattning och svårighetsgrad, finns det fortfarande ett gap i hur problemet ska hanteras. Samtidigt som debatten fortsätter inom akademin, branschstandardorganen, myndigheter i regeringen och industrin fortsätter nya aktörer att snabbt komma in på marknaden med billigare, kraftfullare produkter med få incitament att ta itu med informationssäkerhetsfrågor. I en öppen marknadsekonomi skulle utbud och efterfrågan avgöra produkt och tjänster och tillhörande priser utan intervention. Tillverkare kan obehindrat driva innovation, konsumenterna driver urval och konkurrens ger dessa motstridiga krafter jämvikt genom marknadspriset. Men hur påverkar detta ekonomiska system risken för en händelse som ingen av parterna någonsin kan överväga och som ändå kan påverka inte bara de inblandade som berörs utan även har potential att få katastrofala skador på andra? Nersidan är att systemet inte beaktar "yttre faktorer", det vill säga gör en kompromiss för att leverera vad konsumenterna behöver. Ekonomer uppmanar ofta regeringar att anta policies som "internaliserar" något externt, så att kostnader och fördelar kommer att påverka främst parter som väljer att ådra sig dem. Ett sådant ingrepp kommer emellertid ofta med många utmaningar och konsekvenser. Trots att förhöjda hot mot människors säkerhet ökar angelägenheten tar uppdatering av regelverken tid. På samma sätt skulle en självreglerande marknad utan tvivel också ta väldigt mycket tid på sig för att vidta nödvändiga åtgärder för att hantera en sådan extern faktor, även om det fanns incitament för att göra det. Medan det fortsätter att vara alltför lätt att överlåta ansvaret och risken till konsumenten, såsom under den industriella revolutionen, måste denna industri övervinna sina egna säkerhetsutmaningar såsom bil-, transport- eller energibranschen gjort före den. Samtidigt som konsumenter oundvikligen behöver vidta rimliga åtgärder för att skydda sina intressen, måste yttersta ansvaret ligga någon annanstans. Det finns en potentiellt allt större inflytelserik delmängd av konsumenter i IoT-ekosystemet; företagsköpare, specifikt ledare inom marknadsföring och teknologi, som driver konsumentbehov inom sin organisations bredare produkter och tjänster som innehåller IoT. I denna avhandling strävar vi efter att undersöka följande problem: Vad är företagsköparnas attityder och möjliga roll för att påverka negativa externa effekter, det vill säga IoT-säkerhet på IoT-marknaden, särskilt ur marknadsförings- och teknikledarens perspektiv? Vi tror att denna grupp är unik positionerad för att förstå en konsumenternas första tankegång och hur man kan uttrycka värdet i ett annars negativt uppfattat område för informationssäkerhet genom att undersöka kontext, affärs- / tekniska utmaningar och möjligheter och avslöja medvetenhet, attityd och ansvar. Resultaten av vår undersökning visar de flesta marknadsförings- och teknikchefer som svarade tror att informationssäkerhet blir del av ledningens ansvar och prioriteringar och att företagsköpare har en mycket inflytelserik position i deras förmåga att påverka IoT- marknaden och dess säkerhetsutveckling och mognad.

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40

Liao, Xiang-Jing, and 廖享進. "Designing a Peer-to-Peer Network for Anonymous Communication With Accountability." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75729798419554787124.

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Анотація:

碩士
長庚大學
資訊管理研究所
94
With the blooming of key applications, people pay more and more attention to their privacy of communication on the network. Therefore, many network communication systems that can provide anonymous communication service often pay a lot of extra loading for protecting user’s privacy. So, how to design a network architecture that could distribute these overhead effectively is an important topic. However, some malicious users abuse anonymity services to cheat or to revenge others, due to the untraceability inherent of anonymity. This phenomenon leads to the birth of revocable anonymity methods. As enhanced privacy protection may promote user engagement in the Internet, this thesis proposes a peer-to-peer network, AnCORE, for accountable and anonymous communication. This P2P network employs distributed peers to reduce the cost of anonymous communications. Meanwhile, in order to avoid malicious nodes from utilizing anonymity mechanisms to misbehave, AnCORE also designs a referee system which can revoke anonymity as long as most of the responsible routing nodes agree. It can be expected that AnCORE can be an effective P2P network when the democratic design functions well. In order to compare the performance and degree of anonymity with the proposed systems in the literature, this thesis conducts some simulation experiments. The results show that AnCORE is efficient with regard to the degree of anonymity it provides. Furthremore, AnCORE offers higher anonymity degree than other existing anonymous communication systems.

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41

Childs, Fiona. "Government communication in the new millenium : accountability and the government departmental spokesperson in Australia, Britain and America." Phd thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150858.

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42

Coulter-Kern, Paige E. "EXAMINING THE FEEDBACK ENVIRONMENT AND ACCOUNTABILITY IN INFORMAL PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/3245.

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Анотація:

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
Improving performance management is a high priority for many organizations that want to improve the performance of their employees. Recently, researchers have focused on the social context to promote behavioral change, and have created new scales to examine context, such as the feedback environment. The current study examined internal and external accountability as mediators of the relationship between the feedback environment and developmental behaviors. Participants each completed three scales measuring the feedback environment, internal and external accountability, and developmental behaviors. Results suggested that internal and external accountability both mediate the relationship between the feedback environment and developmental behaviors, but neither is a stronger mediator than the other. In addition, internal and external accountability both mediate the relationship between each component of the feedback environment and developmental behaviors, but again neither is a stronger mediator than the other. This study contributed to the literature on performance management, and emphasized the importance of training supervisors to use the feedback environment to increase perceptions of accountability for employees.

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43

Ramodibe, Mohau Armatto. "From communication to communigation: a conceptual model to strengthen South Africa’s government communication system – the case of Mpumalanga Province." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25706.

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Text in English
This study adopted a quantitative approach in order to produce numbers in relation to the diffusion of the new media. A descriptive quantitative survey was conducted – with sampling done in multi-stage probability – which comprised clustering, simple random, systematic, stratified sampling techniques, convenience and census sampling. A sample size of 379 respondents was selected, comprising 347 citizen-respondents and 32 government communicators (heads of communication). Data was collected utilising two (2) standardised questionnaires – one tailor-made for the citizens and the other for government communicators. Informed by the Diffusion of Innovations theory, this study has established that new media channels have difussed extensively within communities in the Province of Mpumalanga. This has provided a strong motivation to recommend that the communication policy of the South African government be amended, to include new media channels, like social media, as official government communication channels.
Communication Science
D. Litt. et Phil. (Communication)

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44

Esteves, Ana Mafalda de Magalhães e. Menezes Nunes Pereira Kopke. "A plataforma de apoio às entidades e gabinetes da Presidência do Conselho de Ministros." Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/2606.

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Constata-se que as preocupações com a modernização administrativa têm estado na agenda dos governos de praticamente todos os países desenvolvidos. Estas preocupações têm-se movido do campo puramente gestionário para questões também de ordem política. Na verdade, se anteriormente se exigia da administração pública eficiência e produtividade, uma vez que a subordinação da administração pública aos princípios do Estado de direito e da legalidade deixaram de ser aceites como suficientes, hoje exige-se também, a participação dos cidadãos, a transparência da actividade administrativa e a accountability. São estes os desafios actuais que as Administrações Públicas devem abraçar, lançando mão das tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC) como instrumento central para a sua realização. Partindo destas premissas, sugere-se a apresentação de um projecto estruturado de modernização administrativa na Secretaria-Geral da Presidência do Conselho de Ministros (SGPCM), no qual se destaca a construção de uma plataforma, através da qual os clientes da SGPCM terão acesso a um conjunto de serviços on-line e que nela são centralizados. O projecto assenta nos pilares da simplificação, desmaterialização e preocupação com a qualidade do serviço, visando transformar substancialmente o modo de prestação dos serviços aos clientes. Assenta igualmente no pilar da aproximação ao cidadão, pois pretende prestar a este informação quanto às actividades desenvolvidas pela SGPCM. Este objectivo concretiza-se através da interligação da plataforma ao site institucional da organização, acessível ao cidadão pela internet, procedendo-se ao reforço de valores do serviço público como a transparência e a accountability.
The concerns about administrative modernization have been one of the main issues on the agenda of governments in almost all developed countries. These concerns have been moving from the purely management aspect also to questions of political order. In fact, if earlier it was only demanded efficiency and productivity to Public Administration, since the subordination of the Administration to the principles of a State of right and legality are no longer accepted as enough, today it is also required the participation of the citizens, the administrative activity’s transparency and accountability. These are the actual challenges that Public Administrations must embrace through the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) as the central instrument for their achievement. From these premises, it is suggested a structured administrative modernization project in the General Secretary of the Presidency of Council Ministers (GSPCM) in which stands the building of a platform through which the GSPCM customers will have access to a set of on-line services. The project is based on the pillars of simplification, dematerialization and the concern about service quality, aiming to transform substantially the way of providing services to their customers. It also relies on the pillar of getting closer to the citizen, giving information on the activities undertaken by the GSPCM. This objective involves the interconnection of the platform with the institutional site of the Organization, accessible by the internet, strengthening public service values like transparency and accountability.

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45

Mahlangu, Vimbi Petrus. "The relationship between the School Principal and the School Governing Body." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23178.

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In some schools in Gauteng the School Governing Bodies operate in such a way that some principals dominate them and impose rules upon teachers and pretend as if the directives are instructions from the SGBs whereas they are not. According to Heystek (in De Groof, Heystek, Malherbe and Squelch, 1997:152), in many cases, the true focus of power and authority remains where it has always been. This simply means that sometimes conflict will arise between the school principal and the School Governing Body (SGB) because some school principals will try by all means to cling to power even if the South African Schools Act tries to decentralise the power of school governance. The thesis focuses on aspects of the relationship between the school principals and the School Governing Bodies (SGBs), their duties and responsibilities, and the effects of their relationship on the learners, teachers and parents. A proper demarcation of duties and responsibilities of the School Governing Bodies and those of school principals will help them to govern and manage the schools harmoniously and effectively. The irony is that principals must empower and train their SGBs who are supposed to be their partners but who sometimes become their competitors and the contradiction is how can one empower his/her competitor.
Thesis (PhD (Education Management and Policy Studies))--University of Pretoria, 2006.
Education Management and Policy Studies
PhD
Unrestricted

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46

Ker, Walsh Jean. "Do you hear what I hear? Reception in Australian political discourse and effects on engagement with democracy." Thesis, 2016. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/31035/.

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This thesis in political communication details a qualitative investigation into how citizens receive and make sense of political discourse in a twenty-first century democracy. Recognising criticism of the national discourse as ‘dumbed down’, it explores with a cohort of Australian citizens what meaning they receive from contemporary discourse and how it affects their engagement with democracy. The project employs an innovative method of recruiting participants at a polling booth in Australia’s most typical suburb, followed a month later by same day data collection from three wide-scope groups in facilitated discussion. Analysis of the data finds citizens diagnose the discourse as negative and of poor quality, for which they first blame the media. There is an expressed fear that the shallowness of discourse is dumbing them down. In contradiction to their expectations of democratic citizenship, they are powerless to make themselves heard within a discourse which neither recognises nor respects them. They find the discourse alienating, although overwhelming support for compulsory voting militates against democratic dis-engagement. Digital age communications are used to support unstructured democratic engagement and circumvent the banality of local political discourse.

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47

Moloi, Makgala Alina. "The usefulness of the annual report for public entities in South Africa with specific reference to the Africa Institute of South Africa." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19047.

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Public entities are faced with the problem of increasing the interest of stakeholders in their annual reports. The aim of this study was to identify the stakeholders of AISA who use the annual report, to investigate their perceptions of the AISA annual report and to determine whether it is used for decision making or accountability purposes. Data was collected by using questionnaires sent to a representative sample of the stakeholders and minutes of meetings and audio recordings of the interrogation of the annual report by the parliamentary accountability and oversight body over DST. The study found that the AISA stakeholders use the annual report for accountability purposes and not for decision making and it has a small readership as it is read mainly by internal stakeholders. The study recommends that public entities need to do much to inform the stakeholders of the availability of their annual reports.
Business Management
M. Com. (Accounting)

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48

Naidoo, Calvin. "A framework to optimise public participation for effective municipal service delivery." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23106.

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The purpose of this study was to identify the relevant factors to develop a framework for optimising public participation to improve service delivery in a metropolitan municipality in South Africa. This approach was undertaken with a view to identify the gaps created through the expectations generated among citizens by the national government and the weaknesses in the capacity of the local government to deliver through its supply chain processes, and hence develop strategies to close the existing gaps as much as possible. There were four samples in the study namely: citizens, managers, businesses and ward committee members (WCM). The data that were collected for citizens were conducted at each Customer Care Centres (CCC). For the other three sets of respondents, it was conducted through email. The research approach was quantitative. Factor analysis was applied in this research study in order to identify significant factors that drive public participation in service delivery by local government. Findings of this study showed that there are two major perceptions of the respondents perceived to affect the optimisation of effective service delivery: 1) the facilitating factor and 2) the impeding factor. This was assisted by Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) where a model was designed which resulted in the development of the public participation framework for effective municipal service delivery. These findings will inform the management of local governments to prioritise inclusion of all citizens by optimising their participation for effective service delivery. Areas where participation in local government was lacking were identified and this study presents well-informed strategies for local governments and for their possible implementation.
Business Management
D.B.L.

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49

Kovalski, Simão Luiz. "Compras públicas brasileiras: comércio eletrônico." Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/4560.

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O Presente trabalho de dissertação contextualiza a evolução e as reformas da administração pública, passando pelos novos conceitos e modelos, como a New Public Management (Nova Gestão Pública), baseada nas orientações gestionárias das organizações privadas e o New Public Service (Nova Administração Pública), orientada nas transformações da gestão profissional e da organização institucional do modelo de administração Weberiano dos Estados democráticos europeus. Também são abordados os conceitos de Governança e Accountability, que reforçam as formas democráticas de relacionamento, entre o Estado e a sociedade, principalmente em países recém saídos de longos períodos de ditaduras, como o Brasil. Em seguida, contextualiza-se o Governo Eletrônico, passando pelas iniciativas que contribuíram para a origem da Sociedade da Informação; com destaque para as Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação – TICs, nos avanços do governo e comércio eletrônicos. O foco do trabalho está na análise da legislação brasileira de compras públicas, no tocante a regulamentação do pregão eletrônico, cuja implantação permitiu, ao Governo Federal, criar um sistema de Comércio Eletrônico visando à realização de compras públicas. Por fim, os estudos são sumarizados com uma análise comparativa dos dois maiores portais de compras públicas: o “Comprasnet” do Governo Federal e o “Licitações-e” do Banco do Brasil, onde estão elencados os históricos, quantidades de usuários, volumes negociados, modelos de receitas e custos, certificações e reconhecimentos recebidos e, em última análise, a existência ou não de maior transparência e redução de custos para a administração pública na utilização de um portal integrado de compras públicas.
The Present dissertation contextualizes the evolution and reform of public administration, through the new concepts and models such as the New Publical Management, based on the main guide of private organizations and New Public Servic, focused on changes in professional management and institutional organization of the Weberian model os European States’ administration and democracy. There is also a following description about concepts in government and accountability to strengthen the democratic forms of relationship between state and society, especially in countries which are increasing after a long period of dictatorships, such as Brazil. Moreover, “e-government” is then contextualized through the initiatives that contributed to the origin of the information society with emphasis on Information and Communication Technologies – ICTs - in advancing electronic government and electronic trading. The focus of the work is an analysis in Brazilian laws for public bids, concerning the electronic tradings’ regulations, which allowed the Federal Government to implement a system of electronic commerce, in order to conduct bids. Tom summarize, there will be a comparative analysis of the two major publical “e-commerces”, such as: “Comprasnet”, from the Federal Government Bids, and the “licitaçoes-e” from Banco do Brasil. Both of them bring the main methods of bidding, the amount of users, the trading volumes, and the revenue models. They also aim to analysis about the existence or not of greater transparency and lower costs for public administration in the use of an integrated portal for publical electronic trading.

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50

Hlungwani, Freddy. "An evaluation of the implementation of sector policing in Tembisa." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/14226.

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The research problem that was investigated in this research study was to evaluate the implementation of sector policing in Tembisa policing precinct. Even though there are policies and directives on how to implement it, there is still some challenges because it is yet to yield the intended results. Data was collected from focus group interviews, literature studies and polices. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in the form of focus group interviews. Moreover, a literature study including material such as official SAPS documents, library sources and National Legislation regarding community policing has been presented. Data was also collected from sector managers, sector teams, CPF members and pastors who participated in four focus group interviews in Tembisa police station. The sample was chosen on the basis of what the researcher considers to be typical units. Participants were interviewed in stages. The collected data was broken into themes, patterns, trends and relationships. Data analysis followed verbatim transcription of interviews, that’s why the researcher followed Tesch’s approach of descriptive analysis. The research conducted indicated that although progress has been made in the implementation of sector policing In Tembisa, there still more which needs to be done. Specific concerns which require the attention of SAPS management were raised. It is clear that internal communication and consultation are a necessity. It is also clear that members on the ground are not well trained because they lack the actual knowledge on how to implement it. Training and development of all role players need to be prioritised to enhance their knowledge. All the role players need to be motivated during the implementation of sector policing to ensure that they are ready for the job ahead. The recommendations drawn from the conclusions made in this study may provide a proper direction on how to implement sector policing in the Republic.
Police Practice
M.Tech. (Policing)

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Дисертації з теми "Communication accountability"

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