Дисертації з теми "Communes rurales – Histoire – 19e siècle"
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Pisano, Jean-Baptiste. "Histoire, histoires et outil informatique : l'application Tabellion pour l'étude du Sartenais : une région périphérique de la France bourgeoise, d'après les actes notariés : dynamique interne, permanences, et mutations socio-économiques." Nice, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NICE2043.
Повний текст джерелаTentoni, Justine. "Entre ville, faubourg et campagne : prosopographie des conseillers municipaux (Lyon et communes fusionnées, 1830-1870)." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2130.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis proposes to apprehend the compositions of the municipal councils of Lyon and its three suburbs (until their amalgam to the city in 1852) between the beginning of the Monarchy of July and the end of the Second Empire. The period, marked both by important economic and social transformations (industrialization linked notably to the Fabrique, emergence of new economic elites) but also by political upheavals (three regimes and two revolutions) is thus a privileged time to observe, by the prism of a local institution, these evolutions. At each modification of regime, there are electoral transformation at the municipal level. The research follows, thanks to the use of the prosopographic method, the personal, family and public paths of the 575 personalities who sit on the municipal councils of Lyon and / or the suburbs. The sources, varied in nature (civil status, notary sources, municipal sources, press ...), allow to draw a typical portrait of this local elite in the heart of the nineteenth century. The specificity of the work lies in the understanding of this group between three interdependent spaces: the city-center (Lyon), the suburbs (Croix-Rousse, Vaise and Guillotière) - hybrid spaces between maintenance of rural practices and rapid settlement of a working class - and the countryside (around Lyon area), in which many councilors are owners and / or exercise political or public responsibilities. The first part of the thesis is about the upheavals of the period from the Trois Glorieuses to the fall of the Second Empire, especially from an electoral point of view: from a named city council (1830-1831) to a council elected by censitaire suffrage (1831-1848) then by universal suffrage (1848-1852) to finally return to a council appointed under prefectural aegis under the Second Empire (1852-1870). From the beginning, it is a question of drawing a global portrait of the municipal councilors and the conditions under which they are appointed. In the second part, we focus on describing more fully the members of the corpus - majority - who belong to the traditional local elites. The results then show a group whose behavior signifies an important conservatism: itineraries are constructed between city and countryside, and wealth and family strategies reveal a dominant and reproducing local elite, the reticular study being as such significant. This bourgeoisie, where classical elites coexist or even merge with the new elites, remains above all active in very localized spheres of domination, around the municipal council, circles and societies, but rarely exceeds the Lyon or Rhone. Finally, in a third part, the thesis proposes to question the issue of the possible renewals in these spaces and moving temporalities: the questions of a "descent of politics towards the masses", (in the expression of M. Agulhon) or a "municipal revolution" (described by J. George), which would begin in 1831 and flourish in 1848, are here re-examined. By the study of second-class municipal councilors and more popular characters, sitting mainly in the suburbs and / or during the Republican parenthesis, the idea of immobile municipal institutions is nuanced. But in Lyon, faced with the rapid recovery of central powers, we finally conclude the failure of municipal renewal, even if political learning is reactivated quickly after Sedan. Finally, the ten chapters that make up this thesis - supplemented by a large volume of annexes - question the local political staff in a period of multiple transformations, between city, suburb and countryside
Tropeau, Christophe. "La sociabilité associative dans les communes rurales du département de la Mayenne des années 1830 aux années 1930." Thesis, Lorient, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORIL565.
Повний текст джерелаLiterary circles, fire brigades, musical associations, gymnastics and shooting societies, sports clubs, clubs of former students, clubs of veterans: from the 1830s to the 1930s, in the countryside of the département of Mayenne, representative of western France, associative frameworks of sociability, defined as all social links for themselves, for the pleasure of the link, are multiplying. This rise shows a deep change during the period studied: a traditional customary culture dies out in favour of a formalized culture, fostered by the rural notables
Wirth, Laurent. "Histoire d'un équilibre perdu : évolution démographique, économique et sociale du monde paysan dans le Cantal au XIXe siècle." Paris 10, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA100053.
Повний текст джерелаThe present study is based as much on statistical data as upon testimonies. It starts from the observation that in in 1836 this profoundly rural district reached a sort of demographic climax and then experienced an early decline in its population. We have looked into the causes of this abrupt change and reached the following conclusions: until the 1840ies the peasantry lived in a state of relative equilibrium typical of the old system which was characterized by an agricultural archaism whose rural specialization did not exclude a painful quest for self-sufficiency in cereal production and by the mediocrity of the peasants ‘living conditions which should not be overshadowed by the existence of the large rural farmhouse. In such a context, the equilibrium could not have been reached without some indispensable complementary resources: communal rights of use, small-scale home production, widespread mendacity, important temporary migrations. During the second half of the century the flow of an irreversible exodus gradually replaces the temporary migrations whose traditional openings are dwindling. The other complementary resources are disappearing: the old communal rights of use are flouted; small-scale home productions lose ground with the arrival of cheap industrial products. The opening from which salvation was expected turns out to be destabilizing for a rural economy that
Wolikow, Claudine. "La maison commune, culture politique et démocratie locale : communautés du vignoble de Champagne méridionale dans la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010668.
Повний текст джерелаIn the last decades of the old regime, under the leadership of their syndics and procureurs speciaux, the communities of wine growers of southern Champagne developped various democratic practices to contest seigneurial domination and found various means to reduce their fiscal obligations. At the same time, they offered a great resistance to the reforms which meant the suppression of their village organization and general assemblies. The strength of village communities as well as the numerous debates and projects for municipal reforms proposed and applied since 1750 form the background of revolutionary legislation for municipalities and communes. The unrivaled density of french communes is considered as a powerful motive for french political centralization
Michel, Nicolas. "Une économie de subsistances : le Maroc précolonial." Aix-Marseille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX10068.
Повний текст джерелаChamberland, Philippe. "Foi et images : enjeux spirituels et pédagogiques du tableau religieux dans les paroisses rurales au Bas-Canada. Deux études de cas à partir du fonds de tableaux Desjardins." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25617.
Повний текст джерелаVabre, Sylvie. "Roquefort Société : une industrie agro-alimentaire en Aveyron (vers 1840-1914)." Toulouse 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU20042.
Повний текст джерелаBetween 1820 and 1914, cheese manufacturing in the village of Roquefort grew from 300 to 9,250 tons. This large scale increase resulted from the new appetite for cheese within the upper middle classes of large European cities. Among all the ripened cheeses, Roquefort stands out by both its look and taste: its paste is speckled with blue and green veins; its taste is unique due to the use of sheep's milk, converted through the art of ripening. Trade success has transformed both the village and the supply area. The Société civile des Caves was founded in 1851 by several small and large owners, in order to bring together the coldest cellars of the village to produce cheese better able to travel. The association became a limited company in 1882 and was one of the largest French food processing businesses in 1914. Lt has deeply transformed the way cheese is manufactured and sold. From 1851 to 1914, the company tried to capture and increase consumer demand: first (between 1850-1880), the sales policy focused on the high quality of the product ripened in the best cellars. Then, faced with growing markets and the Great Depression, it attempted to transform both the manufacturing process and the product to bring a more affordable cheese to new consumers. By 1914, manufacturing had reached an industrial scale: Roquefort cheese has since become world famous and an international symbol of France
Derex, Jean-Michel. "Intérêts privés, intérêts généraux et intérêts communautaires : la gestion de l'eau et des zones humides en Brie : fin de l'Ancien Régime - fin du XIXe siècle." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040172.
Повний текст джерелаHeude, Bernard. "Le mouton au coeur de la Sologne, entre tradition et innovations (XVIIIe siècle-second empire)." Littoral, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010DUNK0274.
Повний текст джерелаIn the 18th century, pastoral pressure was so strong in Sologne that is contributed to the degeneration of the territory into a swampy land, where only the Sologne ovine race, a marvel of adaptation to such hostile natural environment, could manage to thrive. Both speculative and extensive sheep breeding – one not exclusive of the other – provided the local peasants with their main source of income. But, in spite of extra-regional markets for the sale of Sologne flocks, the country remained proverbially poor and any attempted evolution was bound to fail, because of the meagre soil, low demography, the pre-eminence of wood breeds, and the system of land tenure. Nevertheless, from the 1750s onwards, major agro pastoral innovations followed one another, without questioning traditional grazing. Under the Second Empire, however, new orientations in forestry and hunting, the stoppage of pasturing on heasther, and the inadequacy of fodder production, put an end to sheep breeding and the Sologne ovine race
Carrara, Lydie. "Au coeur de l'échange : les foires et les marchés, entre logiques économiques, enjeux politiques et pratiques sociales (Rhône - XIXème siècle)." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH210.
Повний текст джерелаThe complementarity of approaches affirmed that the fairs and the markets places are an important issue in the development of the economy, politics and societies in the Rhône in the 19th century. First, a geo-economic approach allows us to understand their integration into the trading system that is being set up. Although temporary, they are nonetheless regular and contribute to the shaping of the space through the economic exchanges and circuits. They are an important step in creating new trade points at a local level. Throughout the century, fairs and markets places are essential in the supply of both food and manufactured goods for rural people. In addition, the inflation of all the duties, the attractiveness of auctions for local populations, as well as all the investments, are further evidence of the economic preponderance of fairs and markets places at a local level. This approach also allows us to analyze how the patterns of fairs and markets places change throughout the century. A thoughtful localization and a precise calendar underline that our economic system meet the economic criteria. The nineteenth century is characterized by a growing polarization of trade, which diverts the flow of the goods from the rural market places, making them compete with the cities. Secondly, a political approach emphasizes that they crystallize important political issues. They are privileged places of state interventionism, and there are opportunities to implement supervision policy measures and a top-down management: the central government wants to keep an eye over the trade in the country. This accentuates the principle of a paternalistic attitude. Nevertheless, throughout the nineteenth century, the government develops and strengthens this mission at a national level. Furthermore, fairs and markets places are also an occasion for people to express expectations regarding those in authority. The new political status of the citizens strengthens their legitimacy to express these expectations. This testifies to the emergence of a modern state and of a relationship between governors and governed. This paved the way for a sociological and an anthropological approach, allowing us to study the crowd becoming animated. We envisioned our fairs and markets places as meeting points for people and as opportunities for greater openness. Alongside other forms of rural sociability such as agricultural societies or trade unions, they are places of socialization and acculturation. In order to achieve this, we wanted to enter, penetrate and explore the market places: conflicts, crimes, violence. Because the whole village "fait la foire", because the fairground is also in the cabarets and in the streets, the grid that we suggest for understanding the fairs and the markets places is based on the notion of “social fairground”. Much more than a new approach, this “social fairground”, this spectacle of everyday life have probably been crucial in the persistence of our fairs and markets places over the century
Antin, de Vaillac Dominique d'. "L'invention des Landes : structures et idéologies dans les Landes de Gascogne, XIXème XXème siècles." Bordeaux 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR40017.
Повний текст джерелаThe "Landes de Gascogne" were perceived during all the XIXth century like a territory escaping the influence from dominant civilisation. How the modern State, with the catches wth the ethnic singularity, could make enter inrepublican order thes populati,ns who were judged in major shift as wellwith manners as with the modes of organosation of the dominant society ? Through the work of construction of the modern "Lanfes" indissociable of the creation of th largest forest in Europe, appears decoupling between social realities. .
Kalyntschuk, Mathieu. "Entre agricolisation et pastoralisation : Histoire sociale du développement agricole et de ses acteurs dans le département du Doubs, XIXe siècle – première moitié du XXe siècle." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20113/document.
Повний текст джерела« There is nowhere such a large number of agronomists who devote their talents and their days to discover and spread useful truths, nor such a large number of excellent works on agriculture, and there is nowhere such a large number of ignorant farmers, incapable of understanding what it would be important for them to appreciate ». Such is the panorama of French agriculture drawn up in 1821 by Désiré Ordinaire, member of the Agricultural Society of the Doubs. This picture of agricultural France with little ability to innovate – except for the great landowner agronomists – has long been fixed in the minds of researchers, who have often considered that agriculture started to develop with the high productivity of the 1960s. We believe that « agricultural development »is, however, an older process, rooted in individual or collective initiatives which were sometimes very early. After clarifying the concept of « agricultural development », we therefore seek to prove that French agriculture had already been dynamic during the nineteenth century. The example of the Doubs department enables us to study how it moved on to pastoral specialization. The analysis of the actors of the agricultural development during the 19th and 20th centuries, backed by prosopographical and micro-historical methods, allows us to throw light on the changes in agriculture, on their chronology.Finally, the monitoring of over 800 people – members of the Agricultural Society, of the country fair and consultative chambers, of the trade unions and mutual insurance companies, or else prizewinners – enables us to specify and date the periods when the agrarian elite, the actors in this development, emerged. This elite did not necessarily choose pastoral specialization, thus showing a complex relationship between agriculturalisation and pastoralization
Estève, Christian. "Mentalités et comportements politiques dans le Cantal de 1852 à 1914." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100121.
Повний текст джерелаFrom the advent of universal suffrage, one might even say to this day, the Cantal voters have always voted for the outgoing or the winning majority. This cliché largely rests on true facts which this research initially sets out to verify for the 1852-1914 period. As is always the case with popular beliefs, it nevertheless forgets some exceptions that need to be pointed out and forgets to qualify many more subtle points. Hardship in this region surely must have led to such a security oriented vote. Expecting financial support and help of all sorts, railroads, may have been the price to pay in return for electoral loyalty. Beyond this apparent archaism some transformations disappear. The first one was the speeding up of an ongoing process of gallicization of the region. Politization and integration into the nation-state went along. The sudden irruption of central government disrupted the local political game. Power struggles and social conflict gradually changed while the omnipotence of local leaders dwindled. The role of personalities persisted but evolved into "clientelism". By turning the voter into a political player, this system gave him part of his citizenship. Ultimately, the overpowering control of the church over daily life was shattered. Despite the continuity of most religious practices, the secularization of the Cantal community was already completed on the eve of the First World War
Streiff, Karine. "1880-1935 : des communautés rurales meusiennes de la veille de la grande guerre à la fin de la reconstruction : entre permanences, archaïsmes et modernités." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0307/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe department of the Meuse is mainly rural and agricultural. The rural communities from 1880 to 1914 are not fixed. They are transformed by the synthesis of elements from tradition and factors related to the general context. They are neither refractory to progress nor past. The department became a land of war. Landscapes and heritages are overturned and transformed. Social relations are modified. At the armistice, the situation made the pre-war system obsolete. The war damage compensation law offers hope of recovery. The results of the destruction are substantial. Reconstruction is a pivotal period. Money appears to be the nerve of reconstruction. It becomes a means of modernizing and rationalizing rural communes. The territory is memorized and new elements of identification and recognition change the tradition
Grenier, Benoît. ""Gentilshommes campagnards de la Nouvelle France" : présence seigneuriale et sociabilité rurale dans la vallée du Saint-Laurent à l'époque préindustrielle." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17973.
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