Дисертації з теми "Communauté universitaire"
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Houle, Lucie. "L'adoption d'une innovation technopédagogique par une communauté enseignante universitaire." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2008. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/361.
Повний текст джерелаRouissi, Soufiane. "Intelligence et normalisation dans la production des documents numériques : cas de la communauté universitaire." Bordeaux 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR30047.
Повний текст джерелаOur object of study is the numerical document, in particular taking into consideration use of members of the university community brought more and more to produce some. The actual situation requires the use of open and shared specifications to produce and describe the numerical documents (we present the specifications in the educational field). Our approach is based on the production in autonomous mode of the numerical documents. This production is favoured according to us by the new characteristics of the document (numerical), by the possibilities of generation automated in a standardized context. We pose the following assumption : in the numerical context, in particular in the numerical work environments (ENT), teachers produce, diffuse and use numerical documents, in particular for a teaching context. Our problem is thus to see how they could do it in a standardized way. Our demonstration is based on a study of the specifications in order to check their applicability according to the principle of production in autonomous mode (and semi autonomous) and on a study of the uses in progress (starting from an investigation) near members of the university community (Aquitaine, France). Our work thus consists in contributing to the reflexion in progress on the numerical document in particular in a standardized form for the teaching context at the University
Pérusse-Lachance, Émilie. "Évaluation des habitudes de vie reliées à l'obésité et au surplus de poids dans une communauté universitaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26601/26601.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаYacine, Badiaa. "La science algérienne dans les années 1990 : une bibliométrique de la recherche universitaire à travers ses programmes, ses institutions et sa communauté universitaire de 1990 à 1999." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00716252.
Повний текст джерелаDumont, Daniel. "Dimensions d'attitudes face à l'ordinateur et variables en relation avec celles-ci : étude exploratoire auprès de la communauté universitaire de Trois-Rivières." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1987. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5824/1/000567503.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаGrenier, Cynthia. "Évaluation de la pertinence d'utiliser les critères de pneumonie associée aux soins de santé au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS) étude de cohorte rétrospective 1997-2008 chez les adultes." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4061.
Повний текст джерелаDecarreaux, Dorine. "Séroprévalence des IgG dirigées contre le SARS-CoV-2 dans une population universitaire et parmi des professionnels de santé en soins primaires et leurs contacts au sein des ménages." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Corte, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024CORT0007.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis emerged in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, shedding light on the challenges faced due to the novelty and complexity of the virus, and revealing major gaps in our knowledge. It focused on the academic community in Corsica and primary healthcare professionals in mainland France, considered potentially at risk. The underlying hypothesis is that these populations, due to their social interactions or high-risk professional environments, are likely to be more exposed to the virus compared to the general population. Thus, this thesis aimed to document the virus spread and immune responses within these populations.The main objectives of this thesis were, on one hand, to gather specific data for the Corsican region, focusing on estimating the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies and analyzing the persistence of immune responses among students and staff at the University of Corsica, while identifying factors associated with the detection of these antibodies. On the other hand, it aimed to assess the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies and infection prevalence among primary healthcare professionals in mainland France, as well as to determine factors associated with the detection of neutralizing antibodies and prior infection. To achieve these objectives, four main studies were conducted focusing on (i) seroprevalence and exposure factors to SARS-CoV-2 during the second wave among the Corsican university population, (ii) an eight-month serological follow-up of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies among the university population, (iii) seroprevalence and factors associated with neutralizing antibodies among primary healthcare professionals in mainland France after the third wave, and (iv) SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence and factors associated with prior infection among these healthcare professionals.For the Corsican university population, the studies revealed a seroprevalence of 11.7%, significantly higher than that of the general Corsican population. Over 30% of participants who tested positive for the ELISA-S test were asymptomatic, highlighting the risk of silent transmission. Identified risk factors included place of residence, use of public transportation or carpooling, and contact with confirmed cases of COVID-19. Our results also underscored the importance of vaccination to bolster individual and collective immunity, notably observing antibody waning over time among some unvaccinated participants. For primary healthcare professionals in mainland France, the studies showed high seroprevalence of anti-S IgG antibodies (94.7%) and neutralizing antibodies (81.3%), mainly attributable to vaccination. Although they were not at higher risk of infection than the general population, about a quarter of them were infected at the time of the study, as evidenced by the 28.3% seroprevalence of anti-N IgG antibodies, highlighting their vulnerability. Significant variations were observed based on vaccination status and prior infection, demonstrating the importance of vaccination in boosting immune response and reducing infection risk. Factors associated with infection included geographical region of workplace, professional category, and unprotected contact with confirmed COVID-19 cases
Raya, Katia. "Réseaux sociaux et communautés en ligne dans le paysage universitaire libanais (2018-20)." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUL107.
Повний текст джерелаTo face the challenges and strong competition of today, higher education has turned to the strategy of communication on social networks in order to retain their audience, improve their reputation and strengthen relations with the community through higher levels of engagement. The aim of this thesis is to understand this engagement of the university community on social networks. The research is initially interested in the study of key concepts related to its objective, namely, engagement, community and social media. Quantitative and qualitative empirical studies will be implemented using questionnaire and data mining methods. Statistical results, content analysis and community detection helped to understand the role of content strategy and the impact of community profile on engagement levels on posts created by major higher education institutions in Lebanon
Burelli, Thomas. "Ni vues, ni connues : étude des contributions des acteurs des milieux autochtones et universitaires à l'encadrement de la circulation des savoirs traditionnels au Canada." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39666.
Повний текст джерелаAngulo, Mendoza Gustavo Adolfo. "Renforcer la présence en formation à la recherche dans le deuxième cycle universitaire par les communautés d’apprentissage : encourager la collaboration pour moduler la distance pédagogique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66683.
Повний текст джерелаThis doctoral research aims to determine how an increased presence can help to modulate the educational distance in a context of learning the scientific research process in master's degree programs. In other words, the main goal is to determine if, and in what way, the social interactions taking place in a technology-mediated community can lessen the difficulties associated with educational distance and how these interactions would support the learning of scientific research process. The reference framework for this study consists of two essential concepts: educational distance (Jacquinot, 1993; Moore, 1993; Moore et Kearsley, 2011) and presence (Jézégou, 2012; Shin, 2002). From these concepts we developed an analytical framework that we called "global transactional presence in a graduate level community". This study aims to document a global and emerging portrait of these elements in a rarely studied context, namely research training in master's degree programs. From an interpretive and comprehensive perspective with an exploratory, but also descriptive and explanatory scope, this research is based on a case study that took place in a community of research and mutual aid in a North American Francophone university. This community aims to develop graduate students' scientific skills, support their research work and gradually integrate them into the professional community. For this research, the main source of empirical data is transcripts of semi-structured interviews with 15 students and 4 faculty members. The data collection was supplemented by observations of activities taking place in synchronous meetings (face-to-face or online) and discussions in asynchronous thematic forums. A mixed content analysis method was used including quantification of code co-occurrences and an interpretative analysis of participants' comments. The study shows that, in a context of research training in master's degree programs, increasing the global transactional presence through interactions within a technology-mediated community promotes studentresearchers' perceptions regarding the availability of peers and faculty and, in turn, reinforces the sense of connection between them. The study highlights the importance of peer interaction to support future researchers’ training in several dimensions: learning about the academic research process, scientific enculturation, socialization, psychological aspects, counselling and orientation needs. It identifies eight successful educational practices that can contribute to the development of student-researchers’ scientific skills: research clinics, presentations when milestones are achieved, training activities, writing workshops, closed symposia, forums, debates and reading clubs. Finally, it reports nine key conditions for a successful technology-mediated learning community for graduate research training: adherence to a socio-constructivist approach, sharing responsibility between faculty and students, definition of a disciplinary perimeter, planning of activities considering both present and online students, balance between individual and collective supervision, establishment of a structure promoting participation (frequency and duration of activities), developing skills to provide critical and constructive feedback, building a common knowledge base and promoting awareness of community activities.
Giovannelli, Jonathan. "Description et déterminants de la santé respiratoire et cardiovasculaire dans deux communautés urbaines du Nord-Pas-de-Calais : l’enquête ELISABET 2011-2013." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S053/document.
Повний текст джерелаIntroduction. The general goal of the ELISABET (Enquête Littoral Souffle Air Biologie Environnement) survey is to study the respiratory and cardiovascular health in two urban areas in northern France (Lille and Dunkirk). The specific objectives of this thesis are to study: (i) the prevalence and underdiagnosis of airway obstruction (AO), (ii) long-term time trends in the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors between 1986 and 2013 in the Lille urban area, (iii) the relationships between both the fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) and the blood eosinophil count (B-eos) on one hand and asthma and atopy on the other, according to smoking status, (iv) whether low-grade systemic inflammation (as measured by the level of high sensitivity-C-reactive protein, hs-CRP) mediated the relationship between diabetes and lung function, and (v) the short-term impact of atmospheric pollution on lung function.Methods. The 3276 participants (aged from 40 to 64) in the 2011-2013 ELISABET cross-sectional survey were selected from electoral rolls by random sampling, and recruited between January 2011 and November 2013. A detailed questionnaire, lung function tests, and a blood sample collection were performed. (i) AO was defined by a forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) to forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio below 0.70 or below the lower limit of normal calculated by the most recent reference equations of the Global Lung Initiative. (ii) The prevalence of the main cardiovascular risk factors was estimated from representative samples inhabitants of Lille urban area from MONICA1986-88, MONICA1995-96, MONALISA2005-07 and ELISABET2011-13 surveys. (iii) Allergic asthma was defined as asthma (a self-report of physician-diagnosed asthma, and wheezing in the previous 12 months or the use of asthma medications) with atopy. (iv) Diabetes mellitus was defined as ongoing diabetes treatment or a fasting blood glucose level ≥1.26 g/L or a hemoglobin A1c value ≥6.5%. A mediation analysis was performed to assess and quantify the hs-CRP level as a mediator of the relationship between diabetes and lung function from a sample of participants without self-reported pulmonary and atherosclerotic disease. (v) Measurements of particles less than 10 mm in diameter (PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were provided by measuring stations ATMO in the two urban areas.Main results. (i) The prevalence of AO in northern France ranged from 9.5 to 16.0%, depending on the centre and definition used; the underdiagnosis rate was high (around 75%). (ii) A steady decline in the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors over a 25-year period was observed, with the exception of tobacco use in women, prevalence of diabetes in men (both of which remained stable) and prevalence of overweight in men (which increased). (iii) A positive interaction between smoking status and allergic asthma was observed in multivariate models explaining FENO (p=0.003) and B-eos (p=0.001). Thus, compared to those without allergic asthma, participants with allergic asthma had higher FENO values (+63.4%, 95%CI=[39; 92]) and higher B-eos (+63.2% [38.2; 92.7]) in never and former smokers, but not in current smokers. (iv) Diabetes was associated with FEV1 (-3.5% [-5.8; -1.3]) and FVC (-3.6% [-5.9; -1.3]). Strength of both latter associations fell to -3.1% [-5.4; -0.9] after adjustment for hs-CRP. Hence, the proportion of the effect that is mediated by hs-CRP was 12% [2.4; 37] and 13% [3.7; 39.4] for FEV1 and FVC, respectively. (v) Measurements of PM10 and NO2 seemed to be associated with lower values of the expiratory flow at 25% of the FVC (preliminary result).Conclusion. Data from the ELISABET survey have allowed the study of the prevalence of AO and the main cardiovascular risk factors in our population. They also allowed obtaining original results from clinical and pathophysiological studies
Garrido, Marie. "Structure et fonction des communautés phytoplanctoniques en milieux côtiers marin et lagunaire (Méditerranée - Corse) dans une optique de gestion." Corté, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CORT0030.
Повний текст джерелаCoastal ecosystems contibute in a significant way to oceans’ primary production. By their geographical position, they are particulary sensitive to eutrophication. Phytoplanktonic compartment plays a predominant role with regards its position as primary producer, but also in terms of diversity. It is also able of integrating and/or reflecting the environmental changes that take place in the short , medium and long term. (. . . /. . . )
Burelli, Thomas. "Ni vues, ni connues : étude des contributions des acteurs des milieux autochtones et universitaires à l'encadrement de la circulation des savoirs traditionnels du Canada." Thesis, Perpignan, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PERP0013/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe circulation of traditional knowledge is a legal issue that has been the subject of many reflections and developments in various forums since the 1990s.Beyond the evolutions in international law and national legislation, very little attention has been paid to the normative contributions of researchers and Indigenous people. Yet, they are among the social actors who are most directly concerned by the issue of the circulation of traditional knowledge and potentially the most aware of the challenges in this area. Their contributions, however, remain in many cases largely underestimated and unknown. This is why, as part of our thesis, we have embarked on the collection, description and analysis of two major types of contributions : 1- Comprehensive approaches undertaken at the level of research institutions and Indigenous institutions to monitor relationships between indigenous peoples and researchers (eg ethical codes or research protocols) ; 2- more specific instruments at the scale of specific research projects through contractual practices between the Aboriginal communities and researchers. We managed to identify 121 instruments among which 65 general frameworks and 57 contracts
Couillard, Jean-Mathieu. "Communication médiatisée et présence sociale : une étude de cas sur des cours entièrement à distance de niveau universitaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26704/26704.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAndres, Jérémy. "Mécanismes adaptatifs et interactions métaboliques au sein de communautés microbiennes soumises au stress arsénié." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ026/document.
Повний текст джерелаArsenic naturally occurs in earth crust and is particularly abundant in some environments. While this element is toxic for most forms of life, micro-organisms have evolved different mechanisms to cope with it. This work deals with these different processes involving individual responses as well as interactions between organisms belonging to different domains of life. Descriptive and functional genomics approaches highlight several adaptative mechanisms and cellular functions involved in the arsenic response of a bacterium and a photosynthetic protist, Rhizobium sp. NT-26 and Euglena mutabilis, respectively, both being particularly resistant to arsenic. Also, while Rhizobium sp. NT-26 seems to have lost its ability to interact with plants, E. mutabilis is on the contrary an integral part of a microbial community including different bacteria and benefits from their activity
Bekenniche, Otmane. "La cooperation entre l'algerie et l'union europeenne : bilan et perspectives." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05D018.
Повний текст джерелаWhen the treaty of rome has been signed, algeria was a french territory. So it is not indifferent to note that after the independance, algeria and european union relations have a certain specificity in the mediterranean basin. The present study consist to demonstrate what type of cooperation algeria and european union defined, in what conditions this cooperation has been realized and on what basis has been developped. So, we have to extract essentially the treaty of 1976 characteristics in order to analyse and interpret them, so as to apprehend how the specifics problem have been resolved. To know if the cooperation was able to meet the requirement of algeria growth and developpement, an evaluation will be given. In the end, in scope of the new euro-mediterranean partenership, perspectives will be tracing
Chinien, Parevadee. "Les communautés orientales aux Antilles : intégration ou marginalisation dans les oeuvres de Patrick Chamoiseau et Raphaël Confiant ?" Bordeaux 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR30063.
Повний текст джерела“Créolité” defines itself as being more audacious in its concepts and also, more anchored in the West Indian reality than “négritude” and “antillanité”. In their works, Patrick Chamoiseau and Raphaël Confiant want to defend and illustrate the creole culture, as well as depict the historical, anthropological and sociological aspects of the West Indies. They try to reflect the “migan” (mixture) of identities resulting from the diverse cultural facts which have converged in Martinique. The problematic of “integration” of oriental communities in the Martinican society in the novels of the two authors aims at questionning the notion of “diversality”, of the multi-cultural, of the rhizome-identity, in short, the theoretical basis of “créolité” itself. Three axes (of a historical, cultural and literary nature) constitute this analysis : how the oriental immigrants adapt themselves to the socio-ecomonic sphere; the characteristics of the Martinican cultural identity and of their evolution through the course of time; and the aesthetic arising from the dichotomy that the two writers formulate between “écrire” and “écrit”. This brings to light a weak representation of the oriental culture and the marginalisation of the oriental voice. The methodological groundwork consists mainly of a postcolonial approach (qualified as “postcolonial studies” in the Anglo-Saxon context) as the question is to study minority community groups, issued mostly from colonial outcomes, in an effectively specific historical frame; the notions of power, inherent in the schema of centre/margin are appropriated and dismantled
Xie, Zeying. "La prospérité de la sinologie française dans la première moitié du XXe siècle et la réponse des milieux universitaires chinois : le cas d'Henri Maspero." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ENSL0104.
Повний текст джерелаHenri Maspero (1883-1945) was one of the eminent figures in international Sinology during the first half of the 20th century. It is certain that his life and the work he conducted in Sinology throughout his lifetime deserve this entire study dedicated to him. Born into an intellectual family, Maspero already showed interest in the Orient during his high school years. After studying at the Faculté des lettres and the École des langues orientales vivantes, he became a researcher at the École française d’Extrême-Orient. The years spent in Indochina marked his life significantly from both an academic and personal standpoint. In 1920, Maspero returned to Paris to succeed Édouard Chavannes as the Chair of Chinese Studies at the Collège de France. This return was both geographical and academic. Since then, positioned at the convergence of Chinese and Western academic currents, on one hand, he delved into Chinese academic tradition to strengthen his research; on the other hand, he continually applied new perspectives and methodologies from Western academia to Sinological studies, thus producing outstanding results in numerous fields related to China, such as history, society, and religion. Although Maspero's work was often well received by Chinese scholars, it is crucial to note that the dissemination of his research during the Republican period was significantly influenced by linguistic and geographical factors, as well as the practical needs of Chinese society and academic development. The fundamental statistical and analytical work conducted towards the end of this thesis has shed light on the enduring value of Maspero's studies today
Diaoune, Thierno Moussa. "Analyse des effets de Facebook et des applications mobiles digitales éducatives sur les résultats universitaires des étudiants de la langue anglaise de l’Institut Supérieur des Sciences de l’Education de Guinée : Cas de la cohorte de 2015." Thesis, Lille 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL3H046.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis focuses on the use of Facebook and digital educational mobile applications as devices for mediating English language learning. It analyses the impact of these nomadic devices on the English language learning of students at the Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of Guinea (ISSEG).The absence of a Digital Language Resource Centre (DLRC) at ISSEG leads teachers and learners to focus on these tools that socialize, transform and transmit knowledge in the pedagogical sphere. Today, these non-formal tools quite naturally mobilize attention and influence practices in one way or another. The aim is to understand how the implementation of a social mediation system supported by free mobile applications from the start of the licence1 influences the learning of English. More concretely, 53 students 1st year served as an experimental group in Basic Writing.The subject we are dealing with has been the subject of several works that are part of a scientific concern of other researchers (Benali et al., 2018; Nijimbere, 2013; Rabardel, 1995, Lave & Wenger, 1991; Hanson & Robertson, 2007, Villemonteix and Khaneboubi, 2014, Béziat, 2012). In Guinea, English is considered a foreign language and is learned late in the academic process. The Institut National de Recherche et d'Action Pédagogique (INRAP) decided in 2013 to overhaul the existing English language curriculum (MOBEL) to cover both upper secondary and lower secondary schools. For INRAP, bachelors enrolled in the English language stream at university would not feel very comfortable and would lack prerequisites. An analysis of 149 transcripts of the Baccalaureate session 2015 shows that they are not the most deserving ones who are oriented at ISSEG. Of the 149 transcripts analysed, 93 have a low average in the Baccalaureate (average < 10/20). That is to say 57% of the 93 have a mark in English < 10/20. The mode and median of the observations stabilize at 10/20 and the average at 9.96. As a result, the failure (46%) and drop-out (22.5%) rates for the English-language Baccalaureate 1 are relatively high at the ISSEG. After the didactic exploitation of the system, the analysis of the academic marks and the texts published in the account allow us to affirm that the practice of Facebook in 1st year has influenced the academic results of the 28 most active students. In Basic Writing, the group1 (experimental) had an average score of 6.39, relatively higher than the group2 (control), which obtained 6.15. Even if this influence is not very significant compared to the averages of the two groups, the individual interviews reflect the positive effect of the community set up.Finally, by wondering about the conditions for the efficient use of open source applications in southern countries, which can promote Basic English skills, most of the respondents test their virtues. However, the fact remains that integrated basic competences remain limited to the lower level of the taxonomy of cognitive-type learning in Bloom’s (1956).In the perspective of research, the generalized use of social networks, free applications by students contribute to the development of learning strategies and also to visual and sound skills, essential for mastering intonation, rhythm and the understanding of English? One wonders how these teacher-trainees will be able to support the university program and thus become professionally qualified ?
Salomoni, David. "Scuole, maestri e scolari nelle communita degli stati Gonzagheschi ed Estendi tra il tardo mediovo e la prima eta moderna." Thesis, Avignon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AVIG1175/document.
Повний текст джерелаMy doctoral thesis focuses on the theme of pre-university educational structures and their connections with communal and princely institutions in the context of Gonzaga and Este states. The research was conducted on two distinct moments of the evolution of Renaissance political structures, the 15th and 16th century. This approach gives the possibility to address the issue not only in horizontal terms but also diachronically. The first central element of the thesis, which is the conceptual framework upon which all the work was carried out, is the idea that in both urban and non-urban communities of the political entities thay I have taken into account existed a mutual influence and a close connection between the political and the educational structures
Jorissen, Hendrikje. "Comprendre l’association algue coralline – corail : des espèces clés aux médiateurs chimiques et microbiens." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLP025.
Повний текст джерелаCrustose coralline algae (CCA) are commonly associated with healthy reefs and play an important role in benthic systems by guiding settlement of many habitat forming or ecologically important organisms, including corals. However, the ability of CCA to induce coral settlement is not ubiquitous among CCA species. Corals exhibit settlement preferences for certain CCA species. These preferences demonstrate the capacity of coral larvae to discriminate among CCA species and raise the question of the mechanisms involved. Despite the enormous variety of CCA species on coral reefs, little is known about the diversity of their associated chemicals and microbes and the ecological role of these compartments, notably for coral recruitment. Chapter 2 of this thesis investigated the microbial and chemical composition of six CCA species, which occupy different ecological niches on the coral reefs of Moorea (French Polynesia), and how these two compartments (i.e., microbial and chemical) relate to successful settlement success of Acropora cytherea larvae. Results showed settlement was highest on the cryptic CCA species Titanoderma prototypum and that practically no larvae settled on exposed CCA species. While all CCA species had distinct metabolic fingerprints and contained high metabolic diversity, the metabolomic diversity and richness of T. prototypum were significantly higher than those of the other CCA species. T. prototypum also hosted a significantly higher bacterial diversity than the other CCA species, and contained a higher abundance of bacteria that potentially produce antibacterial compounds. The presence of these bacteria could inhibit coral pathogens, which in turn could enhance the survival of coral settlers. Thus, coral settlement is a complex process of biochemical communications between CCA, their associated microbial surface communities and coral larvae. Despite widespread acceptance that CCA positively influence coral recruitment success, there are no experimental data on the effects of CCA species on late post-settlement survival and growth of corals. Chapter 3 tested the impact of four CCA species from two habitats (exposed and subcryptic) on the survival and growth of Pocillopora recruits. CCA had a contrasting effect on the survival of coral recruits depending on habitat and recruit size. In subcryptic habitats, CCA can reduce the survival and/or growth of coral recruits via direct competitive overgrowth, while, in exposed habitats, they can enhance coral recruitment by alleviating competition with turf algae. Importantly, this study demonstrated that not all CCA species are beneficial to the survival and growth of coral recruits and that there is considerable variability in both the outcome and process of competition between CCA and corals. Chapter 4 and 5 focused on investigating whether two environmental stressors, ocean acidification (OA) and hypoxia, respectively, impact the coral-CCA association by disrupting larval settlement behavior and recruitment of two coral species (A. cytherea and A. pulchra) on an otherwise preferred and beneficial CCA species (T. prototypum). Larvae of both coral species avoided bottom exploration and settlement in low pH environments. They avoided bottom exploration in reduced oxygen environments and settled on T. prototypum fragments only in oxygen rich environments, with settlement rates increasing exponentially with oxygen concentrations. These results indicate that low oxygen and low pH areas can negatively influence coral settlement success and that oxygen and pH act as chemical cues for coral larval orientation and settlement. This thesis aids to better understand the role of CCA, micro-organisms and chemicals in the fine-scale dynamics of coral recruitment now and under future ocean conditions. It highlights that CCA-coral interactions are complex processes that are likely mediated by chemicals and microbes and these interactions can be affected by changing environments
Garin, Tiffany. "Impact des compétitions inter-microbiennes médiées par le Système de Sécrétion de Type VI (T6SS) sur la dynamique de transmission du microbiote des graines aux plantules." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Angers, 2024. https://dune.univ-angers.fr/documents/dune18434.
Повний текст джерелаSeeds represent the initial inoculum source for plant microbiota. During germination, the release of exudates near the seeds triggers intense microbial competitions, which play a pivotal role in the assembly of the plant microbiota. This thesis work aims to explore the role of interference competition mediated by the Type VI secretion system (T6SS). The T6SS of a strain of Stenotrophomonas rhizophila, a bacterium efficiently transmitted to seedlings, was used as a study model. This T6SS inhibits the growth of many bacterial species in vitro, including the phytopathogenic strain Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris 8004 (Xcc8004). This inhibition of bacterial growth is correlated with the phylogenetic and metabolic proximity between S. rhizophila and the tested bacterial species. The antimicrobial activity of S. rhizophila T6SS limits the transmission of Xcc8004 from radish seed to seedling under gnotobiotic conditions. Its activity also influences the dynamics of bacterial community assembly during the seed-to-seedling transition in non sterile soil. The composition of the co-inoculated microbial consortium on the seed affects the competitive advantage conferred by the T6SS to S. rhizophila. Therefore, T6SS-mediated interference competition plays a significant role in the assembly dynamics of the plant microbiota, and the inoculation of bacterial consortia composed of T6SS-carrying bacteria appears as a potential solution for reducing the transmission of phytopathogenic agents to seedlings
Brassard, Caroline. "Le partage en enseignement universitaire soutenu par un environnement virtuel." Thèse, 2006. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1940/1/D1460.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаGrabovschi, Cristina. "L'expression de l'affectivité dans la communication en réseau dans un contexte pédagogique universitaire." Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17423.
Повний текст джерелаCarlier, Patricia. "Déconstruction et reconstruction des communautés de pratique dans les organisations de santé professionnelles : le cas des fusions d'hôpitaux universitaires." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3040.
Повний текст джерелаThis study, which draws on the situated action approach, aims to understand the (re)construction of communities of practice (CoPs) in the context of a hospital merger. Combining documentary sources, semi-open ended interviews and observations data, the analysis strategy is twofold. A first method takes into account the merging process itself and the situation of action in time and place. A second method is guided by grounded theory as data are continuously categorized and compared throughout the data collection phase. Within this perspective, where the notion of process is a key figure, we have identified, in link with current literature, interrelated characteristics, such as mutual engagement, a joint enterprise, shared repertoire that intervene in the reconstruction of a community of practice (CoP). Our analysis points to the action domain as the common denominator of community practices, domain where tacit and explicit knowledge tend to converge in time. This shared practice, eminently social in nature, generates knowledge and negotiated rules that are upheld by its members within the framework of their meetings. This perspective has also brought forth how communities of practice take shape within processes of continuous learning that combine phases of intense participation that favor a shared understand of the action domain and the reification of their representations. In this specific study, the participation/reification dialectic reveals a “making sense” process where meaning of action and social regulation are intricately linked. Nevertheless, the resulting social regulation does not de facto, imply the encounter of a shared regulation. Rather, our results reveal an ensemble of regulations, sometimes concurrent, sometimes in equilibrium, in relation of the context within actors are situated. These findings on the dynamics of the reconstruction of communities of practice offer a new way of thinking changes within organizations such as the hospital, not only in respect to strategic dimensions and changes amongst team leaders but also in taking into account the lay actors and their capacities of thinking and acting out change.