Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Commuinism"

Resumen: En este artículo estudiamos la convergencia de la migración romá rumana posterior a 1989 con el desarrollo de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) a partir de ese mismo período. Para ello hemos partido del trabajo etnográfico previo realizado durante dos campañas entre 2003-2007 y 2013-2016 respectivamente con siete redes romá Korturare procedentes de las regiones rumanas de Transilvania y el Bánato, centrándonos en tres de ellas por su presencia en la ciudad de Granada. El rol de los recursos de polymedia, un entorno emergente de posibilidades comunicativas, facilita y alienta los desplazamientos migratorios al reducir incertidumbres y permitir experiencias de copresencia (digitalizada) en un contexto transnacional. Esta situación favorece dinámicas de reproducción y control cultural, pero a la vez habilita y permite usos diferenciados en polymedia que esbozan transformaciones en las costumbres romá.Abstract: In this paper we explore the convergence of two contemporary parallel processes: the post-1990 transnational migration of Roma groups from some Eastern European countries, particularly Romania to the West, and the growing use by these populations of the expanding social media derived from the revolutionary development of new ICT (information and communication technologies). We have followed some groups from Transylvania and Banat to their western diaspora in a long-term ethnographic work that started in 2003 and was retaken in a recent ethnographic project (2013-2017). We have studied primarily groups living in Andalusia, although their family networks are extended today over more than 30 localities in a dozen of European and North American countries. These networks of networks form a social space or commuinity or reference that is largely maintained through digital communication. The different social media and communication options (from Facebook to cheap phone calls) generate a new kind of virtual environment or polymedia (Madianou and Miller 2011, 2012). In this paper we explore the effects of this new social space of communication in three major aspects of Roma social life: 1)Its effects in facilitating, supporting and inducing mobility and migration; 2) In cultural reproduction and transformation through the maintenance of specific systems of family, marriage, gender and conflict resolution, including the online transmission of public trials and courts (kris), funerary rituals and elaborated marriage ceremonies, including betrothal (mangaimo) and weddings (abev); and 3)In new processes of social distinction and differentiation following fracture lines of class, gender and generation.

La tesis investiga la Radio Comunitaria en Chile con la finalidad de describir y comprender los procesos por los cuales las personas y las comunidades se reúnen en torno a estos proyectos, en un accionar asociativo que recoge la profundidad de las relaciones sociales y culturales de las comunidades en las que están insertas. Observa de qué manera operan y cómo sus actores ven su desarrollo y proyecciones. Indaga en las experiencias comunitarias como ejercicio del Derecho a la Comunicación; examina los procesos de radialistas comunitarios en Latinoamérica y enfatiza en los procesos de creación, desarrollo y proyección de estos movimientos en Chile. Recopila información acerca de la forma en que estas radios operan en el país, los sustentos legales de su existencia y los parámetros técnicos y humanos con los que llevan adelante su tarea. Desde la conversación con sus gestores y operadores, busca las razones que los llevan a emprender y participar en estos proyectos, las relaciones que establecen con la comunidad, con otras emisoras y con otras organizaciones sociales y ciudadanas, así como en las motivaciones personales que los incitan a involucrarse en ellos. La investigación es cualitativa, exploratoria y descriptiva, con el uso de instrumentos cuantitativos y cualitativos para la recolección de los datos. Se aplicó un Catastro Censal al universo identificable de radios comunitarias en Chile, con las limitaciones de carencia de bases de datos confiables sobre el número y ubicación de emisoras al aire y la extensa geografía del país. Esta indagación permitió obtener la información para elaborar el instrumento cualitativo de la entrevista semiestructurada. La tesis trabaja con la mirada de quienes operan las radios comunitarias en Chile, como una forma de valorar los espacios de encuentro que se producen en estas emisoras. La investigación examina, describe y explica el funcionamiento de las radios comunitarias, estudiando el caso en las regiones Metropolitana, V, VIII, IX y XIV, determinando los desafíos técnicos, legales y de sustentabilidad que enfrentan en el marco de los cambios y adecuaciones en la era digital. Presenta y discute los conceptos de Derecho a la Comunicación, comunicación comunitaria y reflexiona sobre una mirada a estos procesos desde constructos como la modernidad líquida de Bauman (2010) y ciudadanía de Balibar (2013). Examina cuantitativamente la información de radios en 8 regiones de Chile y analiza de modo cualitativo la información de las entrevistas semiestructuradas aplicada en 5 regiones de Centro, Centro Sur y Sur, con el apoyo del software Atlas.ti, cuya génesis teórica está en la Grounded Theory desarrollada por Glasser y Strauss (1967) y Strauss y Corbin (2002) Concluye destacando que prima en el accionar comunitario la lucha constante por su existencia, la mantención de su historia como instrumentos de procesos reivindicativos sociales, políticos y culturales, todo ello en el marco de una legislación restrictiva del Estado chileno, que en la práctica les impide su accionar en libertad. Establece, examina y analiza las variables discursivas que componen su vinculación con las comunidades a las cuales van dirigidas, las formas de asociación entre emisoras y éstas con sus comunidades, el uso de tecnologías de la web 2.0 y sus limitaciones, entre otras. Descubre y releva el valor de las acciones personales y emotivas de sus gestores para mantener sus proyectos al aire.
The thesis investigates the Community Radio in Chile in order to describe and understand the processes by which individuals and communities come together around these projects in an associative action that reflects the depth of social relations and cultural communities in which they are embedded. Observe how they operate and how they see their development actors and projections. Explores the community experiences as an exercise of the Right to Communication; examines the processes of community radio in Latin America and emphasizes the process of creation, development and projection of these movements in Chile. Collects information about how these radios operate in the country, the legal grounds for their existence and technical and human parameters that carry out its task. From the conversation with their managers and operators, seeking the reasons that lead them to undertake and participate in these projects, establishing relations with the community, with other stations and with other social and civic organizations, as well as personal motivations that incite to get involved. The research is qualitative, exploratory and descriptive, using quantitative and qualitative tools for data collection. Census Cadastre one universe to identifiable community radio in Chile, within the constraints of lack of reliable databases on the number and location of stations to air and vast geography of the country was applied. This inquiry yielded the information to develop qualitative semi-structured interview instrument. The thesis works with the eyes of those who operate community radio in Chile, as a way of assessing the meeting spaces that occur in these stations. The research examines, describes and explains the operation of community radio, studying the case in the regions Metropolitan, V, VIII, IX and XIV, determining the technical, legal and sustainability challenges they face in the framework of changes and adjustments in the digital age. Presents and discusses the concepts of Right to Communication, community communication and ponders a look at these processes from constructs such as liquid modernity Bauman (2010) and citizenship of Balibar (2013). Quantitatively examines the information radios in 8 regions of Chile and qualitatively analyzed information from semi-structured interviews applied in 5 regions of Central, South Central and South, with the support of software Atlas.ti, whose theoretical genesis is in the Grounded Theory developed by Glasser and Strauss (1967) and Strauss and Corbin (2002) Concluded by stressing that prevails in the community drive the constant struggle for existence, the maintenance of its history as an instrument of protest social, political and cultural processes, all in the context of restrictive legislation of the Chilean state, which effectively prevents impedes their freedom of action. Sets, examines and analyzes the discursive variables that make up its links with the communities to which they are addressed, the forms of association between these stations and their communities, the use of web 2.0 technologies and their limitations, among others. Discover and relieves the value of personal and emotional actions of its managers to keep their projects into the air.

ABSTRACT Background: The launch of the Millennium Development Goal4, in 2000 and the national and international mobilization it spurs results to a decline of child under age five mortality rate from 90 per 1000 living birth in 1990 to 40 per thousands in 2012. That decline however is not evenly distributed across the globe and the majority of countries in the Sub-Saharan African region continue to experience a higher rate of under age five mortality than expected in 2013. Within country disparities in child mortality and it determinants was suggested to account for the lagging of those countries to reduce their under age five mortality rate. Objective: the study examined the variation in child mortality across statistical regions in Cote d’Ivoire and the community level factors that can explain those variations after controlling child, the mothers and the household characteristics. Method: The study used data obtained from the 2011-2012 Cote d’Ivoire’ Demography Health Survey. The study population consisted of 7511 children born within the 5 years preceding the survey. Frequency tables were created to show the distribution of the selected child mortality determinants across regions in Cote d’ivoire and three Logistic models were run to measure the association between the under age five mortality and the selected determinants. Results: The proportion of under age five mortality in the study population was 8.52%. There was a statistically significant variation in child mortality across regions. At the community level, the proportion of mothers with a least a secondary education was associated with under-age five mortality risk (OR=0.99, CI=0.98-0.99). There was no significant association between child mortality and the other selected community factors included in the study. Conclusion: This study reveals a significant variation of under age five mortality rate across region in Cote d’Ivoire, even after controlling or child, mother and household level factors. The findings of this study suggest a need for further exploration of the factors that can explain those differences.