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Статті в журналах з теми "Common mode (CM) emission"
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He, Junping, Yujin Liu, Cong Wang, and Lingling Cao. "Magnetic Coupling Common Mode Conducted EMI Analysis and Improvement in a Boost Converter." World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, no. 4 (November 9, 2021): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj12040225.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Common mode (CM) electromagnetic interference (EMI) has been a difficult subject in electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) analysis and design of power converters for electric vehicles (EV) because of its complex formation mechanism and hidden propagation path. This paper studies a new mechanism of CM conducted emission caused by the leakage flux of a toroidal inductor in the main circuit of a boost DC/DC converter. The stray magnetic source and the CM inducted loops are firstly identified out by simulation analysis and experiments. Then a comprehensive conducted emission circuit model including magnetic coupling parameters is built to explain this CM EMI formation mechanism. Finally, several effective magnetic coupling suppression methods are proposed and verified, such as changing the installation angle of the inductor and the shape of the magnetic core. The research results are helpful to the EMC understanding and design of power electronic converters.
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Zarei, Seyed Fariborz, and Saeed Khankalantary. "A Simplified Frequency Model for Industrial Common-Mode Chocks Used in High-Power Converters." Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science 21, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26866/jees.2021.21.1.15.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper proposes a simplified analytical model for electromagnetic interference (EMI) filters used in high-power converters. Highpower converters produce radio frequency conducted noise because they use high-frequency switching in the range of a few kHz to tens of kHz. The noise propagates into the power grid, which disturbs the functionality of the radio frequency apparatuses. Well-known standards, such as CISPR, provide the measurement and assessment methodologies for these devices. Moreover, the emission level of the noise is restricted at the source side. Using EMI filters is the most effective approach for dealing with this issue. However, due to the nonlinear nature of the common-mode (CM) cores, the modeling of the cores is a complicated task, which makes the selection and design of the filters less than optimal. In this paper, an analytical modeling of the CM filters is provided to suit the nonlinear frequency-dependent behavior of the CM cores. The simplicity of the proposed model makes it a very suitable choice for inclusion in the design procedures, which results in a more accurate and optimum filter selection among the many available commercial industrial filters. To validate the proposed model, the frequency-dependent model obtained is verified by experimental tests with a commercial CM choke. According to the results, the proposed model accurately describes the actual EMI filter behavior.
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An, Zong Yu, Quan Di Wang, and Ya Li Zheng. "Conducted EMI Noise Prediction in DC Converter System for Electric Vehicle Application." Applied Mechanics and Materials 325-326 (June 2013): 486–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.325-326.486.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, common mode (CM) conducted perturbations are predicted and compared with experiments in a full-bridge transformer-isolated buck converter system, thanks to a complex approach based on experimental measurements and on the modeling of the complete equivalent circuit. Its different part are considered and represented by a circuit of lumped parameters. Simulation and experiment of CM emission in the conducted frequency range (150 kHz-30 MHz) are compared. It is shown that the CM emission in the system can be calculated by the proposed model, and experiment has successfully confirmed this approach.
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Kołodziejski, Wojciech, Stanisław Kuta, and Jacek Jasielski. "Open-Loop Class-BD Audio Amplifiers with Balanced Common-Mode Output." Electronics 10, no. 12 (June 9, 2021): 1381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10121381.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presents new architectures and implementations of original open-loop Class-BD audio amplifiers with balanced Common-Mode output. The output stage of each proposed amplifier includes the typical H-bridge with four MOSFETs and four additional MOSFET switches that balance and keep the Common-Mode output constant. The presented amplifiers employ the extended NBDD PWM or PSC PWM modulation scheme. When the output stage is built only on NMOSFET transistors, gate drivers require a floating power supply, using a self-boost charge pump with capacitive isolation of the control signal. The use of complementary MOSFETs in the output stage greatly simplifies gate control systems. The proposed amplifiers were compared to the typical Class-BD configuration, using the optimal NBDD modulation with respect to audio performance of the Differential-Mode (DM) and Common-Mode (CM) outputs. Basic SPICE simulations and experimental studies have shown that the proposed Class-BD amplifiers have similar audio performance to the prototype with the optimal NBDD modulation scheme, while at the same time having a balanced constant voltage CM output, thus eliminating the main contributor to radiation emission. As a result, the filtering of the DM output signals can be greatly simplified, while the filtering of the CM output signals can be theoretically eliminated. Practically, due to the timing errors added by the gate drivers, spikes are generated at the CM output, which are very easy to filter out by the reduced LC output filter, even at very low L.
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Jia, Xiaoyu. "Influence of System Layout on CM EMI Noise of SiC Electric Vehicle Powertrains." CPSS Transactions on Power Electronics and Applications 6, no. 4 (December 2021): 298–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.24295/cpsstpea.2021.00028.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper investigates the influences of system layout on common mode (CM) EMI noise of an electric vehicle (EV) powertrain with a traction inverter using silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFETs. First, a system level conducted EMI model for the whole SiC EV powertrain is presented, which includes a battery pack, DC cables, a SiC inverter, AC cables, and a PMSM. Then, the impacts of system layout, such as the AC cable length, the AC cable type, and the DC cable type (shielded cable and unshielded cable) on CM EMI noise are analyzed through time domain simulations of the system level conducted EMI model. Next, a conducted EMI emission test-bed for a SiC EV powertrain is built. Finally, experiments on the test-bed are carried out to verify the influences of system layout on CM EMI noise in the SiC EV powertrain.
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Tramonte, Denis, Yin-Zhe Ma, Yi-Chao Li, and Lister Staveley-Smith. "Searching for H i imprints in cosmic web filaments with 21-cm intensity mapping." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 489, no. 1 (August 5, 2019): 385–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2146.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT We investigate the possible presence of neutral hydrogen (H i) in intergalactic filaments at very low redshift (z ∼ 0.08), by stacking a set of 274 712 2dFGRS galaxy pairs over 21-cm maps obtained with dedicated observations conducted with the Parkes radio telescope, over a total sky area of approximately 1300 deg2 covering two patches in the northern and in the southern Galactic hemispheres. The stacking is performed by combining local maps in which each pair is brought to a common reference frame; the resulting signal from the edge galaxies is then removed to extract the filament residual emission. We repeat the analysis on maps cleaned removing either 10 or 20 foreground modes in a principal component analysis. Our study does not reveal any clear H i excess in the considered filaments in either case; we determine upper limits on the total filament H i brightness temperature at $T_{\rm b} \lesssim 10.3 \, \mu \text{K}$ for the 10-mode and at $T_{\rm b} \lesssim 4.8 \, \mu \text{K}$ for the 20-mode removed maps at the 95 per cent confidence level. These estimates translate into upper limits for the local filament H i density parameter, $\Omega _{\rm HI}^{\rm (f)} \lesssim 7.0\times 10^{-5}$ and $\Omega _{\rm HI}^{\rm (f)} \lesssim 3.2\times 10^{-5}$, respectively, and for the H i column density, $N_{\rm HI} \lesssim 4.6\times 10^{15}\, \text{cm}^{-2}$ and $N_{\rm HI} \lesssim 2.1\times 10^{15}\, \text{cm}^{-2}$, respectively. These column density constraints are consistent with previous detections of H i in the warm-hot intergalactic medium obtained observing broad Ly α absorption systems. This work shows for the first time how such constraints can be achieved using the stacking of galaxy pairs on 21-cm maps.
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Zhao, Yuanhong, Marielle Saunois, Philippe Bousquet, Xin Lin, Antoine Berchet, Michaela I. Hegglin, Josep G. Canadell, et al. "Inter-model comparison of global hydroxyl radical (OH) distributions and their impact on atmospheric methane over the 2000–2016 period." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 21 (November 13, 2019): 13701–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-13701-2019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The modeling study presented here aims to estimate how uncertainties in global hydroxyl radical (OH) distributions, variability, and trends may contribute to resolving discrepancies between simulated and observed methane (CH4) changes since 2000. A multi-model ensemble of 14 OH fields was analyzed and aggregated into 64 scenarios to force the offline atmospheric chemistry transport model LMDz (Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique) with a standard CH4 emission scenario over the period 2000–2016. The multi-model simulated global volume-weighted tropospheric mean OH concentration ([OH]) averaged over 2000–2010 ranges between 8.7×105 and 12.8×105 molec cm−3. The inter-model differences in tropospheric OH burden and vertical distributions are mainly determined by the differences in the nitrogen oxide (NO) distributions, while the spatial discrepancies between OH fields are mostly due to differences in natural emissions and volatile organic compound (VOC) chemistry. From 2000 to 2010, most simulated OH fields show an increase of 0.1–0.3×105 molec cm−3 in the tropospheric mean [OH], with year-to-year variations much smaller than during the historical period 1960–2000. Once ingested into the LMDz model, these OH changes translated into a 5 to 15 ppbv reduction in the CH4 mixing ratio in 2010, which represents 7 %–20 % of the model-simulated CH4 increase due to surface emissions. Between 2010 and 2016, the ensemble of simulations showed that OH changes could lead to a CH4 mixing ratio uncertainty of >±30 ppbv. Over the full 2000–2016 time period, using a common state-of-the-art but nonoptimized emission scenario, the impact of [OH] changes tested here can explain up to 54 % of the gap between model simulations and observations. This result emphasizes the importance of better representing OH abundance and variations in CH4 forward simulations and emission optimizations performed by atmospheric inversions.
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Pringle, K. J., K. S. Carslaw, T. Fan, G. W. Mann, A. Hill, P. Stier, K. Zhang, and H. Tost. "A multi-model assessment of the efficacy of sea spray geoengineering." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 3 (March 9, 2012): 7125–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-7125-2012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Artificially increasing the albedo of marine clouds by the mechanical emission of sea spray aerosol has been proposed as a geoengineering technique to slow the warming caused by anthropogenic greenhouse gases. A previous global model study found that only modest increases and sometimes even decreases in cloud drop number (CDN) concentrations would result from plausible emission scenarios. Here we extend that work to examine the conditions under which decreases in CDN can occur, and use three independent global models to quantify maximum achievable CDN changes. We find that decreases in CDN can occur when at least three of the following conditions are met: the injected particle number is <100 cm−3, the injected diameter is >250–300 nm, the background aerosol loading is large (≥150 cm−3) and the in-cloud updraught velocity is low (<0.2 ms−1). With lower background loadings and/or increased updraught velocity, significant increases in CDN can be achieved. None of the global models predict a decrease in CDN as a result of geoengineering, although there is considerable diversity in the calculated efficiency of geoengineering, which arises from the diversity in the simulated background aerosol distributions. All three models show a small dependence of geoengineering efficiency on the injected particle size and the geometric standard deviation of the injected mode. However, the achievability of significant cloud drop enhancements is strongly dependent on the cloud updraught speed. With an updraught speed of 0.1 ms−1 a global mean CDN of 375 cm−3 (previously estimated to cancel the forcing caused by CO2 doubling) is achievable in only about 50 % of cloudy grid boxes irrespective of the amount of aerosol injected. But at 0.2 ms−1 a CDN of 375−3 becomes achievable everywhere. Updraught speeds of less than 0.2 ms−1 are common in low-level clouds. Thus, a cloud drop concentration of 375 cm−3 cannot be attained uniformly, regardless of the number of injected particles.
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Hussein, Tareq, Omar Al-Jaghbeer, Nizar Bqour, Bilal Zidan, and Bashar Lahlouh. "Exposure to Aerosols Emitted from Common Heating Combustion Sources Indoors—The Jordanian Case as an Example for Eastern Mediterranean Conditions." Atmosphere 13, no. 6 (May 25, 2022): 870. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13060870.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In Jordan, ~61% of total residential energy consumption is consumed by heating spaces using portable kerosene (K) and liquified petroleum gas (LPG) heaters. Here, we evaluated the indoor air quality (IAQ) versus the use of K and LPG heaters inside a test room reflecting the typical conditions of Jordanian dwellings during the winter season. The experimental setup included particle size distribution (diameter 0.01–25 µm) measurements, and we utilized a simple sectional indoor aerosol model (SIAM) to estimate the emission rate and lifetime of the combustion products in the test room. The particle number (PN) concentration during the LPG operation was 6 × 104–5.9 × 105 cm−3, depending on the setting at minimum, medium, or maximum. The K heater operation increased with the PN concentrations to a range of 4 × 105–8 × 105 cm−3. On average, the particle losses were 0.7–1.6 h−1 for micron particles (1–10 µm) and 0.8–0.9 h−1 for ultrafine particles (<0.1 µm). The emission rate from the LPG heater was 1.2 × 1010–2.8 × 1010 particles/s (6.6 × 106–8.0 × 106 particles/J), and that for the K heater was about 4.4 × 1010 particles/s (1.9 × 107 particles/J). The results call for the immediate need to apply interventions to improve the IAQ by turning to cleaner heating processes indoors.
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Ptak, A., P. Serlemitsos, T. Yaqoob, R. Mushotzky, Y. Terashima, and H. Kunieda. "3.10. X-ray constraints on accretion and starburst processes in galactic nuclei." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 184 (1998): 109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900084230.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Although the galaxies in our sample are heterogenous in their optical classifications (LLAGN: M51, NGC 3147, NGC 4258; LINER: NGC 3079, NGC 3310, NGC 3998, NGC 4579, NGC 4594; starburst: M82, NGC 253, NGC 3628, NGC 6946), they are fit well by a “canonical” spectrum with a hot, optically-thin thermal component with T ~ 8 × 106 K and an absorbed (NH ~ 1022 cm−2) power-law with an energy index α ~ 0.7–0.8. Both the “soft” component, most likely due to SN or superwind-heated ISM, and the “hard” power-law, most likely due to a micro-AGN and/or blackhole candidates, appear to be common in low-activity galaxies. If the soft component is associated with a superwind outflow, than ~ 10% of the X-ray emission is due to “swept-up” ISM rather than superwind emission. The abundance of Fe relative to α-process elements tends to be sub-solar, possibly due to dust-depletion and/or type-II SN enrichment. The lack of short-term variability in the hard component suggests that if it is due to an AGN, then the mode of accretion is probably fundamentally different from “normal” Seyfert galaxies.
Дисертації з теми "Common mode (CM) emission"
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PEROTTI, MICHELE. "Software Solutions to Mitigate the Electromagnetic Emissions of Power Inverters." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2842505.
Повний текст джерела
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Liu, Qian. "Modular Approach for Characterizing and Modeling Conducted EMI Emissions in Power Converters." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29633.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the development of power electronics, electromagnetic interference (EMI) and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) issues have become more and more important for both power converter designers and customers. This dissertation studies EMI noise emission characterization and modeling in power converters.
A modular-terminal-behavioral (MTB) equivalent EMI noise source modeling approach is proposed. This work is the first to systematically develop a 3-terminal EMI noise source model for a switching phase-leg device module. Each module is modeled as pairs of equivalent noise current sources and source impedances. Although the proposed MTB modeling approach applies the linear circuit theory to a semiconductor switching device, which exhibits nonlinear behavior during switching transients, the analysis and experiments show that the nonlinearity has negligible practical effect on the modeling methodology. The validation range of the modeling methodology has been analyzed.
One of the differences between the proposed MTB model and the other state-of-the-art models is that the MTB model characterizes and predicts the CM and DM noise simultaneously. The inseparable high-frequency CM and DM noise characteristics contributed by the source impedance and propagation path are analyzed. A comprehensive evaluation of different EMI noise source modeling approaches according to the criteria of accuracy, feasibility and generality has been presented. Results show that the MTB modeling approach is more accurate, feasible and general than other approaches.
The modular and terminal characteristics of the MTB noise source model are verified in two more complicated cases. One example is the application of the MTB equivalent source model in a half-bridge AC converter with variable switching conditions. Although the MTB model is derived under a certain operating condition, the models under different conditions can be combined together to predict the EMI noise for the converter with variable switching conditions. Another example is the application of the MTB equivalent source model in multi-phase-leg converters. The EMI noise of a full-bridge converter is predicted based on the MTB equivalent source model of one phase-leg module. The implementation procedures and results for both applications are verified by the experiment. The applicability of the MTB model in different type of converters is discussed.
Based on the MTB model, EMI noise management is explored. The parametric study based on the MTB model is demonstrated by selecting DC-link decoupling capacitors for voltage source converter (VSC). The EMI effect of a decoupling capacitor for a device s safe operation is analyzed, and this analysis shows the terminal characteristics of the MTB model. Both the EMI and voltage overshoot are predicted by the MTB model. A completed converter-level EMI model can be derived based on the noise source model and propagation path model. This model makes it possible to optimize the EMI filter design and study the EMI noise interactions between converters in a power conversion system.Ph. D.
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Huang, Xudong. "Frequency Domain Conductive Electromagnetic Interference Modeling and Prediction with Parasitics Extraction for Inverters." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29157.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This dissertation is to focus on the development of modeling and simulation methodology to predict conductive electromagnetic interference (EMI) for high power converters. Conventionally, the EMI prediction relies on the Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) method with the time-domain simulation result that requires long hours of simulation and a large amount of data. The proposed approach is to use the frequency-domain analysis technique that computes the EMI spectrum directly by decomposing noise sources and their propagation paths. This method not only largely reduces the computational effort, but also provides the insightful information about the critical components of the EMI generation and distribution. The study was first applied to a dc/dc chopper circuit by deriving the high frequency equivalent circuit model for differential mode (DM) and common mode (CM) EMIs. The noise source was modeled as the trapezoidal current and voltage pulses. The noise cut-off frequency was identified as a function of the rise time and fall time of the trapezoidal waves. The noise propagation path was modeled as lumped parasitic inductors and capacitors, and additional noise cut-off frequency was identified as the function of parasitic components. . Using the noise source and path models, the proposed method effectively predicts the EMI performance, and the results were verified with the hardware experiments. With the well-proven EMI prediction methodology with a dc/dc chopper, the method was then extended to the prediction of DM and CM EMIs of three-phase inverters under complex pulse width modulation (PWM) patterns. The inverter noise source requires the double Fourier integral technique because its switching cycle and the fundamental cycle are in two different time scales. The noise path requires parasitic parameter extraction through finite element analysis for complex-structured power bus bar and printed circuit layout. After inverter noise source and path are identified, the effects of different modulation schemes on EMI spectrum are evaluated through the proposed frequency-domain analysis technique and verified by hardware experiment. The results, again, demonstrate that the proposed frequency-domain analysis technique is valid and is considered a promising approach to effectively predicting the EMI spectrum up to tens of MHz range.Ph. D.
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Baisden, Andrew Carson. "Generalized Terminal Modeling of Electro-Magnetic Interference." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29810.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Terminal models have been used for various power electronic applications. In this work a two- and three-terminal black box model is proposed for electro-magnetic interference (EMI) characterization. The modeling procedure starts with a time-variant system at a particular operating condition, which can be a converter, set of converters, sub-system or collection of components. A unique, linear equivalent circuit is created for applications in the frequency domain. Impedances and current / voltage sources define the noise throughout the entire EMI frequency spectrum. All parameters needed to create the model are clearly defined to ensure convergence and maximize accuracy.
The model is then used to predict the attenuation caused by a filter with increased accuracy over small signal insertion gain measurements performed with network analyzers. Knowledge of EMI filters interactions with the converter allows for advanced techniques and design constraints to optimize the filter for size, weight, and cost. Additionally, the model is also demonstrated when the operating point of the system does not remain constant, as with AC power systems. Modeling of a varying operating point requires information of all the operating conditions for a complete and accurate model. However, the data collection and processing quickly become unmanageable due to the large amounts of data needed. Therefore, simplification techniques are used to reduce the complexity of the model while maintaining accuracy throughout the frequency spectrum.
The modeling approach is verified for linear and power electronic networks including: a dc-dc boost converter, phase-leg module, and a simulated dc-ac inverter. The accuracy of the model is confirmed up to 100 MHz in simulation and at least 50 MHz for experimental validation.Ph. D.
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Sun, Bingyao. "EMI Terminal Behavioral Modeling of SiC-based Power Converters." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78154.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With GaN and SiC switching devices becoming more commercially available, higher switching frequency is being applied to achieve higher efficiency and power density in power converters. However, electro-magnetic interference (EMI) becomes a more severe problem as a result. In this thesis, the switching frequency effect on conducted EMI noise is assessed.
As EMI noise increases, the EMI filter plays a more important role in a power converter. As a result, an effective EMI modeling technique of the power converter system is required in order to find an optimized size and effective EMI filter.
The frequency-domain model is verified to be an efficient and easy model to explore the EMI noise generation and propagation in the system. Of the various models, the unterminated behavioral model can simultaneously predict CM input and output noise of an inverter, and the prediction falls in line with the measurement around 10 MHz or higher. The DM terminated behavioral model can predict the DM input or output noise of the motor drive higher than 20 MHz. These two models are easy to extract and have high prediction capabilities; this is verified on a 10 kHz-switching-frequency Si motor drive. It is worthwhile to explore the prediction capability of the two models when they are applied to a SiC-based power inverter with switching frequency ranges from 20 kHz to 70 kHz.
In this thesis, the CM unterminated behavioral model is first applied to the SiC power inverter, and results show that the model prediction capability is limited by the noise floor of the oscilloscope measurement. The proposed segmented-frequency-range measurement is developed and verified to be a good solution to the noise floor. With the improved impedance fixtures, the prediction from CM model matches the measurement to 30 MHz.
To predict the DM input and output noise of the SiC inverter, the DM terminated behavioral model can be used under the condition that the CM and DM noise are decoupled. With the system noise analysis, the DM output side is verified to be independent of the CM noise and input side. The DM terminated behavioral model is extracted at the inverter output and predicts the DM output noise up to 30 MHz after solving the noise floor and DM choke saturation problem.
At the DM input side, the CM and DM are seen to be coupled with each other. It is found experimentally that the mixture of the CM and DM noise results from the asymmetric impedance of the system. The mixed mode terminated behavioral model is proposed to predict the DM noise when a mixed CM effect exists. The model can capture the DM noise up to to 30 MHz when the impedance between the inverter to CM ground is not balanced. The issue often happens in extraction of the model impedance and is solved by the curving-fitting optimization described in the thesis.
This thesis ends with a summary of contributions, limitations, and some future research directions.Master of Science
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Baisden, Andrew Carson. "Modeling and Characterization of Power Electronic Converters with an Integrated Transmission-Line Filter." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33188.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this work, a modeling approach is delineated and described in detail; predominantly done in the time domain from low frequency, DC, to high frequencies, 100 MHz. Commercially available computer aided design tools will be used to determine the propagation path in a given structure. Next, an integrated transmission-line filter â fabricated using planar processing technologies â is modeled to accurately predict the EMI characteristics of the system. A method was derived to model the filterâ s performance in the time-domain while accurately depicting the highly frequency dependant transmission-line properties. A system model of a power factor correction (PFC) boost converter was completed by using active device models for diodes, MOSFETs, and the gate driver. In addition, equivalent circuits were used to characterize high frequency impedances of the passive components.
A PFC boost converter was built and used to validate the model. The PFC operated at a peak output power of 1 kW, switching at 400 kHz, with a universal input ranging from 90-270 VRMS with unity power factor. The time-domain and EMI frequency spectrum waveforms are experimentally measured and agree very well with the simulated values; within 5 dB for EMI.
The transmission-line filter was also manufactured for model verification, and it is tested for the first time with an operating converter: a PFC at 50 W output and 50 VDC input. The small signal characteristics match the model very well. In addition, impedance interactions between the filter, the converter, and the EMI measurement set-up are discussed, evaluated, measured, and improved to minimize undesired resonances and increase low-frequency EMI attenuation. Experimentally measured attenuation provided by the filter in the range from 100 kHz to 100 MHz was 20-50 dBμV. The simulation also shows a similar attenuation, with the exception of one key resonance not seen in the simulation.Master of Science
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CHENG, YU-HAO, and 鄭又豪. "Broadband CM Suppression and Dual-band Absorption E-type Common Mode Suppression Filter." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/hc3btf.
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Shu, Yu, and 舒予. "Separation of Common-mode and Differential-mode Conducted Emission Using Software Approximation and EMI Filter Design." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58283682029350337030.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士輔仁大學
電子工程學系
92
A software approximation is proposed to separate the common-mode (CM) and differential-mode (DM) conducted emission for the power line EMI filter design of a switching mode power supply (SMPS). The computerized design environment bases on the LabView test and measurement system. Both the CM and DM noises can be separated using the software algorithm without the hardware implementation. The separation and the EMI filter designe results are compared with the conventional method. The filter designe results and experiment show that the proposed approximation can provide a user friendly and convincible approach for EMI countermeasure and EMC education.
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Ho, Cheng-Yu, and 何承諭. "Method of Measuring Common-Mode Current Conversion Coefficient for Estimating Variation in Radiated Emission from Printed Circuit Board Components." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97977793511870205264.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
博士國立中山大學
電機工程學系研究所
101
This dissertation proposes a novel measurement method using a network analyzer with a bulk current injection (BCI) probe that is used in standard electromagnetic susceptibility (EMS) test to estimate the far-field radiated emissions from printed circuit board (PCB). Generally speaking, radiated emission from PCBs is very complex and difficult to resolve. The proposed method is used to predict the common-mode radiated emission caused by the DC supply loops on a driver PCB of thin film transistor-liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) panel, which highly correlates with the radiated emission measurements obtained for the TFT-LCD panel in a fully anechoic chamber (FAC). The proposed technique is also successful to estimate the reduction of a specific peak in the radiated emission spectrum by shielding the DC supply loops. Electromagnetic simulation and equivalent-circuit modeling approaches are developed to confirm the common-mode radiation mechanism in this study. As the operating frequency has reached the gigahertz range for an RF PCB, the on-PCB microstrip components radiate more efficiently than ever at low frequencies. The proposed method can also be to measure the common-mode current conversion coefficient of microstrip components in an RF PCB. Based on the proposed measurement method, far-field radiated emissions from microstrip components are obtained, which closely corresponds to measurements in a FAC. The proposed method also estimates the radiated emission reduction by miniaturizing the physical size of microstrip bandpass filters (BPFs). Full-wave electromagnetic simulation further demonstrates the effectiveness of the measurement method.
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Hedayati, Mohammad Hassan. "Integrated CM Filter for Single-Phase and Three-Phase PWM Rectifiers." Thesis, 2015. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/2005/3947.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The use of insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT)-based power converters is increasing exponentially. This is due to high performance of these devices in terms of efficiency and switching speed. However, due to the switching action, high frequency electromagnetic interference (EMI) noises are generated. Design of a power converter with reduced EMI noise level is one of the primary objectives of this research.
The first part of the work focuses on designing common-mode (CM) filters, which can be integrated with differential-mode (DM) filters for three-phase pulse-width modulation (PWM) rectifier-based motor drives. This work explores the filter design based on the CM equivalent circuit of the drive system. Guidelines are provided for selection of the filter components. Different variants of the filter topology are evaluated to establish the effectiveness of the proposed topology. Analytical results based on Bode plot of the transfer functions are presented, which suggest effective EMI reduction. Experimental results based on EMI measurement on the grid side and CM current measurement on the motor side are presented. These results validate the effectiveness of the filter.
In the second part of the work, it is shown that inclusion of CM filters into DM filters results in resonance oscillations in the CM circuit. An active damping strategy is proposed to damp the oscillations in both line-to-line and line-to-ground ac voltages and currents. An approach based on pole placement by state feedback is used to actively damp both the DM and CM filter oscillations. Analytical expressions for state-feedback controller gains are derived for both continuous-and discrete-time models of the filter. Trade-off in selection of the active damping gain on the lower-order grid current harmonics is analysed using a weighted admittance function method.
In the third part of the work, single-phase grid-connected power converters are considered. An integrated CM filter with DM LCL filter is proposed. The work explores the suitability of PWM methods for single-phase and parallel single-phase grid-connected power converters. It is found that bipolar PWM and unipolar PWM with 180◦interleaving angle are suitable for single-phase and parallel single-phase power converters, respectively. The proposed configuration along with the PWM methods reduces the CM voltage, CM current, and EMI noise level effectively. It is also shown that the suggested circuit is insensitive to nonidealities of the power converter such as dead-time mismatch, mismatch in converter-side inductors, unequal turn on and turn off of the switches, and propagation delays.
In the fourth part of the work, the inter-phase inductor in parallel interleaved power converters is integrated with LCL filter boost inductor. Different variant designs are presented and compared with the proposed structure. It is shown that the proposed structure makes use of standard core geometries and consumes lesser core material as well as copper wire. Hence, it reduces the overall size and cost of the power converter.
In the present work, a 10kVA three-phase back-to-back connected with input LCL filter and output dv/dt filter, a 5kVA single-phase grid-connected power converter with LCL filter, and a 7.5kVA parallel single-phase grid-connected power converter with LCL filter are fabricated in the laboratory to evaluate and validate the proposed methods. The experimental results validate the proposed methods that result in significant EMI performance improvement of grid-connected power converters.
Частини книг з теми "Common mode (CM) emission"
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Shen, Zewei, Xiaoming Fu, Dehong Zhou, and Jianxiao Zou. "Current Performance Enhancing for DTP-PMSM with Pulse Cancellation Theory Accounting for Common-Mode Suppression." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde221188.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper proposes the current performance enhancing method for the dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (DTP-PMSM) with identical back-electromotive force (EMF) for the two winding sets accounting for common-mode (CM) suppression. Considering the inevitable asymmetry of parameters in the two winding sets of the motor, the pulse cancellation theory is proposed which releases the duty cycle freedom of the conventional zero CM voltage (ZCMV) pulse width modulation (PWM) scheme as well as retaining the CM suppression effect. The results and explanation are provided for the proposed scheme.
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Bianchi, Thomas S. "Effects of Sea-Level Rise and Subsidence on Deltas." In Deltas and Humans. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199764174.003.0010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As I briefly mentioned in Chapter 3, the global mean sea level, as deduced from the accumulation of paleo-sea level, tide gauge, and satellite-altimeter data, rose by 0.19 m (range, 0.17–0.21 m) between 1901 and 2010 (see Figure 3.3). Global mean sea level represents the longer-term global changes in sea level, without the short-term variability, and is also commonly called eustatic sea-level change. On an annual basis, global mean sea-level change translates to around 1.5 to 2 mm. During the last century, global sea level rose by 10 to 25 cm. Projections of sea-level rise for the period from 2000 to 2081 indicate that global mean sea-level rise will likely be as high as 0.52 to 0.98 m, or 8 to 16 mm/ yr, depending on the greenhouse gas emission scenarios used in the models. Mean sea-level rise is primarily controlled by ocean thermal expansion. But there is also transfer of water from land to ocean via melting of land ice, primarily in Greenland and Antarctica. Model predictions indicate that thermal expansion will increase with global warming because the contribution from glaciers will decrease as their volume is lost over time. (Take a look at Figure 5.1 if you have doubts about glaciers melting.) And remember our discussion in Chapter 2 about the role of the oceans in absorbing carbon dioxide (CO2) and the resultant ocean acidification in recent years. The global ocean also absorbs about 90% of all the net energy increase from global warming as well, which is why the ocean temperature is increasing, which in turn results in thermal expansion and sea-level rise. To make things even more complicated, the expansion of water will vary with latitude because expansion of seawater is greater with increasing temperature. In any event, sea level is expected to rise by 1 to 3 m per degree of warming over the next few millennia.
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Gaona-Tiburcio, Citlalli, Alejandro Lira-Martínez, Marianggy Gomez-Avila, Jesús M. Jaquez-Muñoz, Miguel Angel Baltazar-Zamora, Laura Landa-Ruiz, Demetrio Nieves-Mendoza, Francisco Estupiñan-López, and Facundo Almeraya-Calderón. "Delamination and Tensile Effect of Fine z-Binder Reinforced on Fiberglass/Polyester Composite for Aerospace Applications." In Next Generation Fiber-Reinforced Composites - New Insights [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106927.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Delamination propagation in laminated composite materials is a common issue that always concerns us when we consider composites for structural purpose. Many possible solutions have been studied; the most famous is the three-dimensional (3D) woven composites materials, which have promising interlaminar fracture resistance but at the cost of increasing density, which for aerospace industry is very important. In this chapter, mode 1 double cantilever beam (DCB) interlaminar fracture toughness tests according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D5528 standard were performed on composite specimens made of E-Glass Saertex 830 g/m2 Biaxial (+/−45°) with Sypol 8086 CCP polyester resin with orthogonal z-axis oriented yarn woven of 0.22 mm diameter nylon monofilament. Four specimens were made with a longitudinal distance between the warp binders of 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 cm, respectively. A tensile test according to the ASTM D3039 standard was performed to study how z-binder may affect tensile resistance. The results show a considerable increase in interlaminar fracture toughness, several stress concentrators have been created because of the new yarn and premature failure in the matrix.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Common mode (CM) emission"
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Hsieh, Hung-I., Sheng-Fang Shih, Hao Wang, and Yung-Hsin Liao. "Novel techniques to reduce common-mode (CM) and mix-mode (MM) EMI noise emissions based on noise balance and cancellation." In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pecon.2016.7951549.
Повний текст джерела
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Cheaito, Hassan, Mor-Sokhna Diop, Marwan Ali, Edith Clavel, and Christian Vollaire. "Investigation of common mode (CM) impedance : Comparison of pure CM and bulk current injection." In 2017 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC EUROPE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/emceurope.2017.8094630.
Повний текст джерела
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Choi, Jin-ho, Majid Madafshar, and Kevin Parmenter. "Designing Common-Mode (CM) EMI Noise Cancellation Without Y-Capacitor." In PEC 07 - Twenty-Second Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apex.2007.357627.
Повний текст джерела
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Chen, Yu-Jen, Cheng-Nan Chiu, Yu-Chou Chuang, and Tzu-Chian Lin. "A Low-Emission Absorptive Wideband Common-Mode Filter Design." In 2019 Electrical Design of Advanced Packaging and Systems (EDAPS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/edaps47854.2019.9011617.
Повний текст джерела
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Torigoe, Makoto, Akifumi Sadatoshi, Yoshitaka Toyota, Kengo Iokibe, Ruji Koga, Tetsushi Watanabe, and Osami Wada. "Prediction of the common-mode radiated emission from the board to board interconnection through common-mode antenna model." In 2008 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility - EMC 2008. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isemc.2008.4652094.
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Meng Jin, Zhang Lei, Ma Weiming, Zhao Zhihua, and Pan Qijun. "Common-mode current inductively coupled emission of AC PWM drives." In Exhibition. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apemc.2008.4559959.
Повний текст джерела
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Zhang, Huan, Boyi Zhang, and Shuo Wang. "Integrated common mode and differential mode inductors with low near magnetic field emission." In 2017 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecce.2017.8096900.
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Peng, Zhe, Zhenghui Xue, Wu Ren, and Weiming Li. "Design of broadband MIMO antenna based on common and differential mode (CM/DM) method." In 2021 IEEE International Workshop on Electromagnetics: Applications and Student Innovation Competition (iWEM). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwem53379.2021.9790537.
Повний текст джерела
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Park, Kyungnam, Hosang Lee, Wansoo Nah, and Jinsung Youn. "Stochastic estimation of common mode radiated emission from a transmission line." In 2016 IEEE Electrical Design of Advanced Packaging and Systems (EDAPS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/edaps.2016.7893127.
Повний текст джерела
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Wang, Lei, Hao Chen, Muhammad Saqib Ali, and Guozhu Chen. "A Systematic Design and optimization Technique for the Suppression of EMI Common Mode (CM) Noise." In 2018 IEEE International Power Electronics and Application Conference and Exposition (PEAC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/peac.2018.8590615.
Повний текст джерелаЗвіти організацій з теми "Common mode (CM) emission"
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Lahav, Ori, Albert Heber, and David Broday. Elimination of emissions of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide from confined animal and feeding operations (CAFO) using an adsorption/liquid-redox process with biological regeneration. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695589.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The project was originally aimed at investigating and developing new efficient methods for cost effective removal of ammonia (NH₃) and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFO), in particular broiler and laying houses (NH₃) and hog houses (H₂S). In both cases, the principal idea was to design and operate a dedicated air collection system that would be used for the treatment of the gases, and that would work independently from the general ventilation system. The advantages envisaged: (1) if collected at a point close to the source of generation, pollutants would arrive at the treatment system at higher concentrations; (2) the air in the vicinity of the animals would be cleaner, a fact that would promote animal growth rates; and (3) collection efficiency would be improved and adverse environmental impact reduced. For practical reasons, the project was divided in two: one effort concentrated on NH₃₍g₎ removal from chicken houses and another on H₂S₍g₎ removal from hog houses. NH₃₍g₎ removal: a novel approach was developed to reduce ammonia emissions from CAFOs in general, and poultry houses in particular. Air sucked by the dedicated air capturing system from close to the litter was shown to have NH₃₍g₎ concentrations an order of magnitude higher than at the vents of the ventilation system. The NH₃₍g₎ rich waste air was conveyed to an acidic (0<pH<~5) bubble column reactor where NH₃ was converted to NH₄⁺. The reactor operated in batch mode, starting at pH 0 and was switched to a new acidic absorption solution just before NH₃₍g₎ breakthrough occurred, at pH ~5. Experiments with a wide range of NH₃₍g₎ concentrations showed that the absorption efficiency was practically 100% throughout the process as long as the face velocity was below 4 cm/s. The potential advantages of the method include high absorption efficiency, lower NH₃₍g₎ concentrations in the vicinity of the birds, generation of a valuable product and the separation between the ventilation and ammonia treatment systems. A small scale pilot operation conducted for 5 weeks in a broiler house showed the approach to be technically feasible. H₂S₍g₎ removal: The main goal of this part was to develop a specific treatment process for minimizing H₂S₍g₎ emissions from hog houses. The proposed process consists of three units: In the 1ˢᵗ H₂S₍g₎ is absorbed into an acidic (pH<2) ferric iron solution and oxidized by Fe(III) to S⁰ in a bubble column reactor. In parallel, Fe(III) is reduced to Fe(II). In the 2ⁿᵈ unit Fe(II) is bio-oxidized back to Fe(III) by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (AF).In the 3ʳᵈ unit S⁰ is separated from solution in a gravity settler. The work focused on three sub-processes: the kinetics of H₂S absorption into a ferric solution at low pH, the kinetics of Fe²⁺ oxidation by AF and the factors that affect ferric iron precipitation (a main obstacle for a continuous operation of the process) under the operational conditions. H₂S removal efficiency was found higher at a higher Fe(III) concentration and also higher for higher H₂S₍g₎ concentrations and lower flow rates of the treated air. The rate limiting step of the H₂S reactive absorption was found to be the chemical reaction rather than the transition from gas to liquid phase. H₂S₍g₎ removal efficiency of >95% was recorded with Fe(III) concentration of 9 g/L using typical AFO air compositions. The 2ⁿᵈ part of the work focused on kinetics of Fe(II) oxidation by AF. A new lab technique was developed for determining the kinetic equation and kinetic parameters (KS, Kₚ and mₘₐₓ) for the bacteria. The 3ʳᵈ part focused on iron oxide precipitation under the operational conditions. It was found that at lower pH (1.5) jarosite accumulation is slower and that the performance of the AF at this pH was sufficient for successive operation of the proposed process at the H₂S fluxes predicted from AFOs. A laboratory-scale test was carried out at Purdue University on the use of the integrated system for simultaneous hydrogen sulfide removal from a H₂S bubble column filled with ferric sulfate solution and biological regeneration of ferric ions in a packed column immobilized with enriched AFbacteria. Results demonstrated the technical feasibility of the integrated system for H₂S removal and simultaneous biological regeneration of Fe(III) for potential continuous treatment of H₂S released from CAFO. NH₃ and H₂S gradient measurements at egg layer and swine barns were conducted in winter and summer at Purdue. Results showed high potential to concentrate NH₃ and H₂S in hog buildings, and NH₃ in layer houses. H₂S emissions from layer houses were too low for a significant gradient. An NH₃ capturing system was designed and tested in a 100-chicken broiler room. Five bell-type collecting devices were installed over the litter to collect NH₃ emissions. While the air extraction system moved only 10% of the total room ventilation airflow rate, the fraction of total ammonia removed was 18%, because of the higher concentration air taken from near the litter. The system demonstrated the potential to reduce emissions from broiler facilities and to concentrate the NH₃ effluent for use in an emission control system. In summary, the project laid a solid foundation for the implementation of both processes, and also resulted in a significant scientific contribution related to AF kinetic studies and ferrous analytical measurements.