Готові списки джерел за темами / COMMON MACROPHYTES

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "COMMON MACROPHYTES"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 вересня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "COMMON MACROPHYTES"

Xu, Z. H., X. A. Yin, and Z. F. Yang. "An optimisation approach for shallow lake restoration through macrophyte management." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 6 (June 17, 2014): 2167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2167-2014.

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Abstract. Lake eutrophication is a serious global environmental issue. Phytoremediation is a promising, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly technology for water quality restoration. However, besides nutrient removal, macrophytes also deeply affect the hydrologic cycle of a lake system through evapotranspiration. Changes in hydrologic cycle caused by macrophytes have a great influence on lake water quality restoration. As a result of the two opposite effects of macrophytes on water quality restoration (i.e. an increase in macrophytes can increase nutrient removal and improve water quality while also increasing evapotranspiration, reducing water volume and consequently decreasing water quality), rational macrophyte control through planting and harvest is very important. In this study, a new approach is proposed to optimise the initial planting area and monthly harvest scheme of macrophytes for water quality restoration. The month-by-month effects of macrophyte management on lake water quality are considered. Baiyangdian Lake serves as a case study, using the common reed. It was found that water quality was closest to Grade III on the Chinese water quality scale when the reed planting area was 123 km2 (40% of the lake surface area) and most reeds would be harvested at the end of June. The optimisation approach proposed in this study will be a useful reference for lake restoration.

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Xu, Z. H., X. A. Yin, and Z. F. Yang. "An optimisation approach for shallow lake restoration through macrophyte management." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 11, no. 1 (January 16, 2014): 807–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-807-2014.

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Abstract. Lake eutrophication is a serious global environmental issue. Phytoremediation is a promising, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly technology for water quality restoration. However, besides nutrient removal, macrophytes also deeply affect the hydrologic cycle of lake system through evapotranspiration. Changes in hydrologic cycle caused by macrophytes have a great influence on lake water quality restoration. As a result of the two opposite effects of macrophytes on water quality restoration (i.e. an increase in macrophytes can increase nutrient removal and improve water quality while also increasing evapotranspiration, reducing water volume and consequently decreasing water quality), rational macrophyte control through planting and harvest is very important. In this study, a new approach is proposed to optimise the initial planting area and monthly harvest scheme of macrophytes for water quality restoration. The month-by-month effects of macrophyte management on lake water quality are considered. Baiyangdian Lake serves as a case study, using the common reed. It was found that water quality was closest to Grade III on the Chinese water quality scale when the reed planting area was 123 km2 (40% of the lake surface area) and most reeds would be harvested at the end of June. The optimisation approach proposed in this study will be a useful reference for lake restoration.

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Cheng, Qijuan, Liangfang Li, Xuhui Dong, Yan Li, and Giri Kattel. "Plant Macrofossils Reveal Aquatic Macrophyte Successions of a Typical Shallow Lake (Huanggai Lake, China) in the Past Century." Plants 11, no. 11 (May 26, 2022): 1413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11111413.

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Aquatic macrophytes are one of the important biotic components of shallow lake ecosystems. Understanding the long-term evolution of the macrophyte community is crucial for lake management. Huanggai Lake, a typical shallow lake in the middle reach of the Yangtze River, was selected as the research site for this study. Based on 210Pb/137Cs dating, aquatic plant macrofossils were used to reconstruct the succession of aquatic macrophytes in the past century. Our results show that the lake maintained a consistent natural state before 1940, with a relatively low abundance of aquatic plants dominated by species such as Najas minor. From 1940 to 1974, human activities gradually intensified in the lake leading to the emergence of eutrophic species such as Potamogeton maackianus, along with the increasing abundance of other emergent and floating aquatic macrophytes. Since 1974, more pollution-resistant, emergent species such as Potamogeton maackianus and Potamogeton crispus have become dominant. The abundance of aquatic macrophytes reached its maximum in the early 1990s. Combined with macrofossil succession and other multiple sedimentary proxy analyses, driving mechanisms for aquatic macrophytes are discussed. Both the nearby Liangzi Lake and Huanggai Lake share many common features of aquatic plant evolution. This study is the first of its kind to use plant macrofossils (with identifiable images) as a proxy for aquatic macrophyte succession in a shallow Yangtze lake. In absence of long-term monitoring records, this study highlights the increased application of plant macrofossils for reconstructing the vegetation dynamics and restoration of degraded lakes exposed to severe anthropogenic impacts over the past century.

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Irimia-Hurdugan, Oriana. "The Economic and Ecological Potential of Macrophytic Vegetation in Urban Lakes." Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 15, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/trser-2013-0021.

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ABSTRACTThis paper considers certain elements relating to the ecological and economic importance of the aquatic macrophytes common in the Câmpia Română/Romanian Plain lakes, especially those species belonging to the genera Myriophyllum and Potamogeton, common in Bucharest’s urban lakes. At present, the macrophytes of the Bucharest lakes are collected by personnel of the Lakes, Parks and Leisure Administration of Bucharest by mechanised and manual methods, which are sun-dried and transported as waste and deposited in a landfill. Thus these macrophytes are merely generating costs through harvest, transport and storage, instead of being a direct revenue source for the City hall. This study presents a review of international literature in support of the economic potential as fertiliser for open field crop, orchard and garden crop application, as well as food for farm animals. The last portion of the paper argues the vital need for the preservation of macrophyte stands in the lacustrine habitat for green, sustainable and integrated management of the urban lakes used for leisure and fishing.

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Arya, Mohit, Anand Kumar Mishra, and Musadiq Hussain Bhat. "Macrophyte diversity and trophic status of Sakhya Sagar Lake, Shivpuri, Madhya Pradesh, India." Annals of Plant Sciences 7, no. 8 (August 13, 2018): 2398. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/aps.2018.7.8.6.

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Aquatic habitats provide suitable environment for supporting survival of a diversity of aquatic life forms. The study was conducted in Sakhya Sagar Lake which is situated inside the Madhav National Park Shivpuri district of Madhya Pradesh. To assess the status and distribution of macrophytes, frequent trips were conducted in the study area. The plants were classified based on their habit and their presence was visually observed. A total of 16 plant species were recorded, of which 16 species, 5 species were sub-dominant, 6 species were common and 5 species were un-common. Among all the 16 plants 9 species are free floating, 4 species are submerged hydrophytes, 1 species is emergent type hydrophyte and 2 species are marginal hydrophytes. Aquatic macrophytes like Nymphaea nouchali, Nelumbo nucifera, Trapa natans, Ipomoea aquatica, Vallisnaria spiralis, Potamogeton crispus, and Azolla pinnata were recorded as the common plants of this lake. The trophic status and macrophyte diversity of Sakhya Sagar Lake has been discussed in the paper.

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Parkos III, Joseph J., Victor J. Santucci, Jr., and David H. Wahl. "Effects of adult common carp (Cyprinus carpio) on multiple trophic levels in shallow mesocosms." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 60, no. 2 (February 1, 2003): 182–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f03-011.

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We examined the effects of adult common carp (Cyprinus carpio) on shallow aquatic ecosystems and compared the effects with those of a native benthic fish, channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Experimental ponds contained enclosures (0.06 ha) with a low carp biomass (174 kg·ha1), high carp biomass (476 kg·ha1), high catfish biomass (416 kg·ha1), and no fish. We measured abiotic factors (turbidity, suspended solids, total phosphorus), as well as effects on adjacent trophic levels (aquatic macrophytes, zooplankton, and aquatic macroinvertebrates) from July to September. Common carp was positively related to total phosphorus, turbidity, suspended solids, and zooplankton biomass, and negatively related to macrophyte and macroinvertebrate abundance. Suspended solids in the carp treatments consisted primarily of inorganic particles. Carp were either positively or negatively related to phytoplankton, depending on zooplankton abundance. A high biomass of carp had greater effect on nutrients, turbidity, and suspended solids than a low biomass. Channel catfish was positively related to total phosphorus concentrations and altered zooplankton composition, but did not affect turbidity, suspended solids, macroinvertebrates, and macrophytes. These results suggest that common carp have a stronger influence on water quality and aquatic community structure than benthic fish native to North America.

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Qiu, Xiaochang, Xueying Mei, Vladimir Razlutskij, Lars G. Rudstam, Zhengwen Liu, Chunfu Tong, and Xiufeng Zhang. "Effects of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) on water quality in aquatic ecosystems dominated by submerged plants: a mesocosm study." Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, no. 420 (2019): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2019017.

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Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) have been introduced into aquatic systems across the world, where their benthivorous feeding behavior has resulted in serious water quality problems. A 12-week mesocosm experiment was set up to test the hypotheses that common carp increase water column nutrient levels and decrease water clarity in aquatic ecosystems dominated by submerged plants. Further, we tested whether the effect of common carp on macrophytes depended on the species of plants. Relative to the controls, the presence of carp decreased water clarity by increasing total suspended solids (TSS) and light attenuation. However, levels of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in the water column were reduced. No significant change in phytoplankton biomass (measured as chlorophyll a) and the biomass of Hydrilla verticillata was observed between common carp treatment mesocosms and controls, but the common carp did reduce the biomass of the submerged macrophyte Vallisneria denseserrulata. We conclude that removal of common carp is likely to improve water clarity in aquatic ecosystems dominated by submerged plants primarily by decreasing TSS and that the effect of common carp on macrophytes is stronger for the meadow forming Vallisneria than for the canopy forming Hydrilla.

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Zub, L. M., M. S. Prokopuk, and D. I. Gudkov. "Long-Term Observations over the Structure of Macrophyte Communities in Floodplain Water Bodies of the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone." Hydrobiological Journal 59, no. 2 (2023): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/hydrobj.v59.i2.30.

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The study is based on long-term observations (1998-2021) over the species richness and cenotic activity of macrophytes of floodplain water bodies of the Chornobyl exclusion zone. During this period, the species composition of macrophytes of the studied water bodies remained almost unchanged. The lists of species found in 1998 differ from those registered in 2021 only by three species, including Nymphaea alba, Trapa natans (registered only since 2007), and Utricularia minor (found only in 1998, whereas in subsequent years was not observed at all). In the studied water bodies, macrophytes are not diverse in their species composition; their cenotic structure is simple, whereas overgrowing intensity of water surface is high. The presence of rare species of the boreal complex, including primarily Hottonia palustris, Potamogeton acutifolius, and Callitriche cophocarpa, makes these water bodies objects of protection and research. In 1998, a common feature of the vegetation cover of all studied floodplain water bodies was a predominance of macrophyte communities, in which the species of river and lake ecosystems, as well as indicator species of increased water logging processes, were registered. At the present time, natural structure of macrophyte communities of floodplain water bodies of the Prypyat River, which was deteriorated as a result of the construction of flood-protection hydraulic structures, is gradually recovered. The peculiarities of the distribution of macrophytes at the present time are indicative of the improvement of water exchange in floodplain water bodies. The chronic ionizing radiation influencing the biota of the studied water bodies for more than 30 years did not result in significant changes in the floristic and cenotic composition of macrophytes. Certain changes are conditioned by changes in hydrological and hydrochemical regime of the floodplain of the Prypyat River.

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Ye, Jialiang, Yali Tang, Xiufeng Zhang, Ping Zhong, and Zhengwen Liu. "Omnivorous shrimp Neocaridina denticulata sinensis enhances the growth of submerged macrophyte Vallisneria denseserrulata." Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, no. 420 (2019): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2019025.

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Lake eutrophication often causes declines and even losses of submerged macrophytes through the shading effects of increased periphyton and phytoplankton. The Chinese swamp shrimp Neocaridina denticulata sinensis Kemp (Decapoda, Atyidae) is a common omnivore in Chinese lakes, where its presence may impact both periphyton and phytoplankton, with previously unstudied consequences for submerged macrophytes. Here, using a mesocosm experiment, we studied the effect of N. d. sinensis on periphyton, phytoplankton and the submerged macrophyte Vallisneria denseserrulata. Results showed that in the presence of N. d. sinensis, the biomass of periphyton on the leaves of V. denseserrulata was significantly reduced, and that growth rate of V. denseserrulata increased. The presence of N. d. sinensis also significantly increased the total phosphorus concentrations in the water column and phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll-a). The enhanced growth of V. denseserrulata is likely to be linked to improved light harvesting due to the reduced periphyton attached to their leaf surface. The results suggest that stocking with Chinese swamp shrimps may enhance the development of macrophytes in eutrophic shallow lakes.

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Abdellah, Maissour, and Benamar Saad. "Impact of hydromorphological pressures on the macrophytes bioindicators of the ecological water quality in Mediterranean rivers." BioRisk 14 (May 9, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biorisk.14.30319.

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One of the important tools to evaluate the ecological quality of surface water is the Macrophytes indices based on the bioindication capacity of aquatic plants. In Mediterranean rivers (France, Spain, and Portugal), the development of some macrophytes indices like l’Indice Biologique Macrophytes Rivières (IBMR), the biological metric score (BMS), as well as the Fluvial Macrophyte Index (IMF) are founded on the determination of the indicator values of the floristic reference lists. The aim of this study was to test the impact of the eco-Mediterranean differences (from one country to another) on the indicator taxa by comparing the indicator values of the Euro‐ Mediterranean macrophyte indices. With this in mind, we explore the possibility of the introduction of the Euro‐Mediterranean macrophytes-based indices in Morocco (i.e. the hydrological basin of Sebou (HBS)) as a part of a preliminary attempt to develop the first Afro-Mediterranean macrophyte index. We confirm that the ecological amplitude and species optima vary between Mediterranean ecoregions, and indicator taxa differ between countries: There are medium to small correlations between Mediterranean indices: IBMR/BMS (p = 0.000, R2 = 0.57), IMF/BMS (p = 0.000, R2 = 0.34), and IBMR/IMF (p = 0.000, R2 = 0.30). Five species exhibit major differences in indicator values: Zannichelliapalustris and Potamogetonpectinatus have more eutrophic indicator values in France (IBMR) than in Spain (IMF). Potamogetonnodosus, Amblystegiumriparium and Lycopuseuropaeus have broader ecological amplitudes in Portugal (BMS) than in France (IBMR) and in Spain (IMF), where it is restricted to eutrophic conditions. Furthermore, the three indicator systems include different indicator-taxon numbers. The comparison of the HBS elaborated list with the Euro‐Mediterranean indices revealed the low level of common taxa approximately 6.76% of all indicator species used in the French index (IBMR), 10.48% in the Portuguese index (IMF) and 12.38% in the Spanish index (BMS). These results show the inadequacy of the trophic indices approach with the HBS conditions and thus the need for the development of an index based on biotic indices approach.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "COMMON MACROPHYTES"

BORA, PRERNA. "BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF COMMON MACROPHYTES AND THEIR POTENTIAL USES." Thesis, 2018. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/16209.

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A major constraint to livestock production in developing countries is the scarcity and fluctuating quantity and quality of the year-round feed supply. Providing adequate good quality feed to livestock to raise and maintain their productivity is a major challenge to agricultural scientists all over the world. The increase in population and rapid growth in world economies will lead to an enormous increase in demand for animal products, a large part of which will be from developing countries. Future hopes of feeding millions of people and ensuring food security will depend on the enhanced and efficient utilization of alternative feed resources. Forage-based economical feeding strategies are required to reduce production cost of quality livestock products; as feed alone constitutes 60-70% of production cost. At present, the country faces a net deficit of 35.6 per cent of green fodder, 26 per cent of drycrop residues and 41 per cent of concentrate feed ingredients. This can be compensated using macrophyte meals. With proper research, this idea can be perfected and with proper application, this can prove to be a lucrative option for animal husbandry. Even though several authors have worked on the AA profile, few have studied the fatty acid profiles of these plant. Data on fatty acid content in terms of dry weight from literature is difficult to find and even inconclusive, therefore this project mainly targets fatty acid profiling. The present study has concluded that these macrophytes are rich in linolenic acid and palmitic acid with moderate amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids like arachidonic acid which are essential amino acid for growth for pigs and poultry. Crude protein estimations also showed satisfying results. Amino acid profile of A. pinnata show high amounts of lysine, an essential amino acid, critical for the growth of livestock and fish. This report concludes that due to its excellent nutritional properties, L. minor, S. polyrhiza and A. pinnata can efficiently serve as alternate feed sources for fish, poultry and pigs. It is favorable to replace a portion of the regular feed with macrophyte meal instead of providing 100% macrophyte meals. This could prove to be a lucrative option, as cost of feed is expected to decrease with macrophyte addition.

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Hertam, Susan. "The effects of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) on water quality, algae and submerged vegetation in Delta Marsh, Manitoba." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/4207.

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Common Carp, (Cyprinus carpio), have long been associated with the degradation of wetlands worldwide. Through their feeding activities they resuspend sediments leading to reductions in the abundance and diversity of submerged macrophytes, and the alteration of water chemistry which can lead to the phytoplankton-dominated state. This study took in Delta Marsh, a freshwater coastal wetland of Lake Manitoba, in Manitoba, Canada. It was the second part of a four-year study in which baseline data were collected in 2001 from ten ponds (1-13 ha) with varying degrees of connectivity to the main marsh and carp-accessibility. I continued to monitor a subset of the control and altered ponds two and three years following their alteration (2003 and 2004); I included new ponds, including one large open bay (20.3 ha). The overall four-year study has shown that the presence of carp is at least partially responsible for the turbid, phytoplankton-dominated state that exists in Delta Marsh, and that carp abundance is an important factor. Ponds previously isolated then exposed to carp activity, particularly in the spring when they were gathered at high densities, shifted to the turbid, phytoplankton-dominated state with few macrophytes, and the removal of carp from ponds led to the clear-water state, though not necessarily an abundance of macrophytes. Due to the complexity of natural ecosystems, the effects of carp were not as predictable as smaller-scale studies would suggest. In my study, water quality, submerged vegetation biomass and algal growth varied both temporally and spatially in carp-accessible and carp-free ponds. Nutrient deficiency among periphyton assemblages was hypothesized to be alleviated by the presence of carp. Using nutrient diffusing substrata, I found that nutrient deficiencies varied from year to year among carp-free and carp-accessible ponds. In 2003 the hypothesis was supported, however, in 2004 two of the carp-free ponds exhibited no-nutrient limitations to periphyton assemblages while N and P co-limitation became prevalent in one carp-accessible pond. Parameters over which there was no control, such as the spatial and temporal distribution of carp, their density within a pond, water depth and unquantified top-down effects, including zooplankton grazing, may have contributed to the variability of the results.

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Paradis, Étienne. "Effet de la salinité sur la compétition entre le roseau (Phragmites australis) et les quenouilles (Typha spp.)." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8128.

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Частини книг з теми "COMMON MACROPHYTES"

Birk, Sebastian, Thomas Korte, and Daniel Hering. "Intercalibration of assessment methods for macrophytes in lowland streams: direct comparison and analysis of common metrics." In The Ecological Status of European Rivers: Evaluation and Intercalibration of Assessment Methods, 417–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5493-8_29.

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Rale, Vinay, and Pooja Tendulkar. "Common Duckweeds as a Model System for Climate Change Impact Assessment." In Reconsidering the Impact of Climate Change on Global Water Supply, Use, and Management, 364–72. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1046-8.ch019.

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Common duckweeds – Lemna – are free-floating aquatic macrophytes belonging to Lemnaceae family. They occur universally, in tropical and temperate zones and are enabled to grow in stagnant, slow-flowing, nutrient-enriched waters. They have an ability to grow over a wide range of temperatures (6 – 33 0C) and pH (optimum 5.5 – 7.5). Lemna species also manifest a characteristic macrophyte community in association with plants functioning as a dominant primary producer. Asexual mode of reproduction is exclusive and therefore, all resources are directed towards vegetative growth. Structure wise they show leaflets (frond) and root-like diffuse form. This simple morphological and physiological form offers special scientific and engineering properties – reflected in easy handling and manipulation under laboratory conditions. As a result they are regarded as a model plant system for a number of chemical and biogeochemical studies. Climate change affects plant growth and physiology. For example, increasing atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) and ozone (O3) or increase in ultraviolet (UV) radiation (due to the thinning of the ozone layer) can have pronounced effects on the growth and development of plants. In many instances the decrease in growth rate can create disturbances in photosynthetic processes. In the recent past there has been a surge in the interest in looking for alternative remediation technologies to meet formidable demands of polluting materials and situations. One such approach is phytoremediation – the use of plants and associated microbes for environmental cleanup. Cardinal points in favour of such an approach are – cost-effectiveness, natural energy-driven and minimal capital and running costs. Potency of Lemna spp. as a phytoremediation agent as well as its limitations haven dealt with in details in literature. Moreover, Lemna spp. are accepted and highly standardized as test organisms in aquatic ecotoxicology. The authors have shown earlier that Lemna spp. can play a vital role in combating pollution burden in a glaring local situation of river pollution. However, the recent trend in research indicates that Lemna spp (duckweeds at large) can play a critical and sensitive role in being an indicator of overt and subtle climate change. The following is an attempt to take a review of such recent trends.

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Kültz, Dietmar. "Environmentally sustainable plant aquaculture." In A Primer of Ecological Aquaculture, 92–105. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198850229.003.0008.

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Abstract Plant aquaculture contributes >96% of all wild and cultivated aquatic plants and represents a rapidly expanding branch of aquaculture. Aquaculture of marine seaweeds is most common, contributing to over a quarter (in wet weight) of all aquaculture products but accounting for <1% of resale value. Seaweeds (macroalgae) are primarily produced as seafood marketed in dried form. They have high protein content and contain poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), vitamins, and other nutraceuticals. Non-seafood uses of seaweed as emulsifiers, pharmaceuticals, animal feeds, cosmetics, and biofuel add to its versatility. Seaweed is produced by extensive and semi-intensive methods, the latter utilizing fertilizer. Intensive production of microscopic life cycle stages in hatcheries and of all life cycle stages in greenhouses is also becoming more common. The most common seaweed grow-out methods are line and net cultures. Aquatic freshwater macrophytes are cultivated for human consumption (e.g. watercress) and produced for bioremediation, soil conditioning, habitat restoration, and as ornamental species. Microalgae provide many of the same benefits as seaweed and freshwater macrophytes when used for human consumption (as nutraceuticals). They are marketed primarily in dried form. Microalgae are also cultured to produce pigments, pharmaceuticals, and other bioactive compounds, biofuel, and for bioremediation purposes. Plant aquaculture represents an ecologically highly sustainable form of aquaculture but a shift from extensive and semi-intensive to more intensive culture methods would further increase its ecological sustainability by more efficient use and containment of fertilizer and by reducing spatial footprint and invasiveness.

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Mäemets, Helle. "Natural and Anthropogenic Impacts on the Macrophytes of Soft-Water Lakes of Estonia." In New Insights Into Protected Area Management and Conservation Biology [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109810.

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Oligotrophic and semidystrophic lakes (water alkalinity <80 mg HCO3− L−1; dichromate oxygen consumption <40 mg O L−1) are the main habitats for rare macrophytes, especially isoetids. They are characteristic for the lakes with HCO3− ≤ 30 mg L−1; the higher alkalinity and related higher trophy level support elodeids. Anthropogenic impact on these lakes in Estonia started with flax retting and water lowering and continued with sauna building, agricultural nutrients, and holiday activities. The present overview is based on the data of the last 50 years. Anthropogenic acidification of Estonian lakes is not known, but natural dystrophication due to the inflow of humic compounds is probable. Alkalization and eutrophication are closely related, amplifying each other, and water level modifies these processes. Eutrophication increases the occupation of shallow zone by emergent belts, suppression of isoetids by elodeids, and overshadowing by phytoplankton blooms in a deeper zone or host plants by macroalgae. Fast-growing eutraphents accelerate the accumulation of organic sediments, unfavorable for isoetids. Among floating-leaved plants hybridization between rare and common species as well as introgression takes place. It is almost impossible to reverse back ecosystems that formed and balanced over thousands of years and became unbalanced during a much shorter period. Easier would be to keep functioning ecosystems.

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Farraji, Hossein. "Phytoremediation of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Municipal Wastewater by Cyperus alternifolius Planted Constructed Wetland." In Handbook of Research on Microbial Tools for Environmental Waste Management, 146–63. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3540-9.ch008.

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Nowadays municipal wastewater (MWW) treatment by phytoremediation techniques goes as an emerging technique in the USA and many European countries. Cleaning wastewater with constructed wetland (CW) is an advanced type of phytoremediation. Low concentration of hazardous metallic elements in this major wastewater caused its capability for treatment by CW. This treatment method highly depends on the presence of macrophytes, media, and operating factors which have high influences in the efficiency of this technology. This chapter will discuss on engineering controls that traditionally are available and practically could be used in the commonly CW. Recirculation, dry to wet duration, artificial aeration, absorbent application, dilution and carbon source addition through this eco-friendly decontamination method. The concentration of this manuscript will be on Cyperus alternifolius as a well-known rapid growth plant species which often known as an ornamental plant. This review on try to illustrate practical ways to enhancing efficiency of decontamination of MWW in CW

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Farraji, Hossein. "Phytoremediation of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Municipal Wastewater by Cyperus alternifolius Planted Constructed Wetland." In Research Anthology on Ecosystem Conservation and Preserving Biodiversity, 1098–115. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5678-1.ch053.

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Panwar, Vinay, and Laxman Singh Gautam. "Eco-Toxicology." In Handbook of Research on Green Technologies for Sustainable Management of Agricultural Resources, 354–69. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8434-7.ch023.

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The duckweed test measures the inhibition of growth of the freshwater macrophyte, Lemma sp. This test is based on the OECD Test Guideline 221 and involves exposing Lemna sp. to contaminated water for 2-d. Two toxicity test endpoints are generally measured in this toxicity test: inhibition in growth rate and changes in biomass. The aquatic plant Lemna sp. belongs to the family Lemnacae, which has a number of worldwide species and is commonly referred to as duckweed. Lemna glbba and Lemna minor are species representative of temperature areas and are the most commonly used species in toxicity tests. Both species have a floating or submerged disc old stem (frond), and a very thin root emanates from the centre of the lower surface of each frond. Lemna sp reproduces by vegetative producing new fronds. Young plants have shorter roots and consist of two to three fronds of different sizes. The small size of Lemna, its simple structure, asexual reproduction, and generation time makes plants of this genus very suitable for laboratory testing.

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"This will be discussed later. Two species, Mansonia uniformis and Mansonia septempunctata, which breed in association with macrophytes such as water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes, became less common from stage 1 to 2. The saltmarsh species Aedes vigilax was also collected in reasonable numbers at all localities around the reservoir. This species is known for its wide dispersal powers and was undoubtedly blown in from the extensive intertidal wetlands on the coast. Thus on the basis of abundance, two taxa – Culex annulirostris and Anopheles annulipes s.1. – warranted further consideration. The former species is considered to be the major vector of arboviruses in Australia (Russell 1995), transmitting Ross River, Barmah Forest, Kunjin, Kokobera, Alfuy and Edge Hill viruses and Murray Valley encephalitis, as well as dog heartworm. Of these, Ross River is by far the most common arbovirus in coastal northern Queensland, with morbidity approximating 400 cases per 100,000 population. Thus from first principles, this arbovirus and perhaps Barmah Forest, about which little is known, would constitute the greatest hazard to recreational use. Although Anopheles annulipes has previously been implicated in malaria transmission at Sellheim during the Second World War, this species group has returned isolated positives of Ross River and Barmah Forest viruses and Murray Valley encephalitis from other parts of Australia. However, no transmission studies have been done on the population from the reservoir. Thus on the evidence to date, it could not be regarded as a major concern at the Ross River dam. Both Culex annulirostris and Anopheles annulipes were shown to have seasonal peaks of abundance during the late post-wet season (March to May), with populations building up with the onset of spring (September to October). Spatially, the trapping programme was designed to compare mosquito numbers on the foreshore of the stage 1 lake with two localities expected to be on the margins of the stage 2A lake, with two remote localities (and therefore theoretically unaffected by any water resource project activity) as negative controls. Mosquito numbers (i.e. for those species known to breed at the dam) decreased with distance away from the Ross River dam. Both light trapping and human bait collections carried out twice per month were reasonable indicators of broad seasonal trends in mosquito abundance. However, the statistical analysis indicated that occasionally the light traps could miss short periods of high biting activity (Jones et al. 1991). If greater resolution was required, it was recommended that light traps could be supplemented with animal baited traps, although it is probable that this could be rectified by intensifying the light trapping regimen. Cluster analyses of dam breeding species in both 1984–85 and 1991–93 indicated that light trap catches along the northern (Big Bay, Ti-Tree Bay, Round Island) and western sides (Ross River) gave similar patterns, but the profile towards the east (Antill Creek, Toonpan, Oak Valley) was somewhat different (Barker-Hudson et al. 1993; Hearnden and Kay 1995). On this basis, adult mosquito surveillance would therefore need to be based on two localities at either end of the lake." In Water Resources, 143. CRC Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203027851-31.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "COMMON MACROPHYTES"

Bekova, Radoslava, and Bogdan Prodanov. "FOOD SPECTRUM OF THREE FISH SPECIES FROM THE MUGILIDAE FAMILY IN BRACKISH WATER ALONG THE BULGARIAN BLACK SEA COAST." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/5.1/s20.025.

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The food spectrum of three fish species from the Mugilidae family in different age groups was studied. The samples were collected in 2019 - 2021 from the river estuaries and the coastal brackish lakes at the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. The research aims to establish the food spectrum of mullets and thus make a connection between food components. The results show that the predominant groups in the stomachs of the three mullet species are detritus, zoobenthos (Rissoa sp. And Trochammina inflate - 64.28%) and macrophytes (Cladophoraceae family - 53.14%). Several potential toxic species were also found: Amphora coffeaeformis, Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima, Pseudonitzschia seriata, Prorocentrum cordatum, E. pyriformis, P. minimum, Protoperidinium crassipes. For the first time along the Bulgarian Black Sea coast, in the stomachs of mullet fish, the presence of particles (less than 2.5 cm) from the category "Artificial polymers" was observed. The most common in the stomachs of mullet are macrophytes of the family Ulvaceae - 45.5%; family Cladophoraceae - 35.5%; from phytoplankton - Navicula spp (97.09%); of zoobenthos: Nematoda g.sp. - 49.3% and Trochammina inflate - 32.3%.

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