Дисертації з теми "Common effluent treatment plant"
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Schrader, Guillo Alexander. "Direct nanofiltration of wastewater treatment plant effluent." Enschede : University of Twente [Host], 2006. http://doc.utwente.nl/55981.
Повний текст джерелаRusso, Stephen Leonard. "Anaerobic treatment of a paper plant effluent." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21988.
Повний текст джерелаBrown, Jonathan Jed 1964. "Halophytes for the treatment of saline aquaculture effluent." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282715.
Повний текст джерелаJiwani, Ashifa. "Influence of plant operating conditions on the dewaterability of surplus activated sludge." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243950.
Повний текст джерелаZiajahromi, Shima. "Identification and quantification of microplastics in wastewater treatment plant effluent: Investigation of the fate and biological effects." Thesis, Griffith University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/378550.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environment and Sc
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
LaBrie, Holli, and Holli LaBrie. "The Potential Impacts of the Nogales International Wastewater Treatment Plant on the Santa Cruz River." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621145.
Повний текст джерелаMuhandiki, Victor Shiholo. "REMOVAL OF HYDROPHOBIC MICRO-ORGANIC POLLUTANTS FROM THE EFFLUENT OF MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT BY UPFLOW COALESCENCE FILTRATION." Kyoto University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/150671.
Повний текст джерелаKromrey, Natalie A., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "The effects of wastewater treatment plant effluent and agricultural runoff on the reproductive systems of fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Biological Sciences, c2009, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2519.
Повний текст джерелаxi, 104 leaves : ill. (some col.), maps ; 29 cm
Biswas, Subrata. "Design and Development of a Three Phase Semifluidized Bed Reactor for Wastewater Treatment with Reference to Steel Plant Effluent." Thesis, Curtin University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/82127.
Повний текст джерелаCapps, Dustin. "A Modeling Analysis of Dissolved Carbon Dioxide Discharged from Howard F. Curren Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3031.
Повний текст джерелаHymel, Stephanie Ramick. "Assessing the Effects of a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent on Zooplankton, Phytoplankton and Corbicula Flumina in a Constructed Wetland." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277927/.
Повний текст джерелаKatugampalage, Lalith Gamini Perera Usanee Uyasatian. "Utilization of sludge from Biyagama common wastewater treatment plant as fertilizer and soil conditioner in Sri Lanka /." Abstract, 2007. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2550/cd399/4837460.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаGoudreau, Stephanie E. "Effects of sewage treatment plant effluents on mollusks and fish of the Clinch River in Tazewell County, Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43404.
Повний текст джерелаThe Clinch River is renown for its rich mollusk and fish assemblages, including many endemic species. New sewage treatment plants (STP's) have recently been constructed along the Clinch River in Virginia, raising concern because of the disappearance of mollusks below existing STP's. Field and laboratory studies were conducted to determine mollusk and fish distribution in proximity to two STP's in Tazewell County, and the tolerance of two mollusk species to mono chloramine and unionized ammonia, the major toxicants in domestic STP effiuent.
River reaches up to 3.75 km downstream of the STP outfalls at Tazewell and Richlands were depauperate of mussels. Tolerance to effluent seemed to vary among snails, sphaeriid clams, and the Asiatic clam Corbicula flumineaK. After an initial toxic zone below the Tazewell outfall, abundance of fish appeared to increase by 0.45 km below the outfall. The effluent at Richlands eliminated intolerant species, and more tolerant species were present as far as 0.45 km below the outfall.
Laboratory bioassays with glochidia of Villosa nebulosa resulted in 24-h EC50 and LC50 values of 0.042 and 0.084 mg/L monochloramine, respectively, and 24-h EC50 and LC50values of 0.237 and 0.284 mg/L unionized ammonia, respectively. Glochidia rank among the most sensitive invertebrates in their tolerance to these toxicants. The snail Pleurocera unciale unciale was moderately sensitive, with 96-h LC50 values of 0.252 mg/L mono chloramine and 0.742 mg/L unionized ammonia. Comparison of monochloramine and unionized ammonia concentrations monitored at 0.10 km below the outfalls indicated that mono chloramine was the major toxicant likely affecting fauna.
Master of Science
Baerenklau, Amy L. (Amy Lyn). "Evaluation of a Constructed Wetland to Reduce Toxicity from Diazinon at the Pecan Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant, Denton, TX." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279107/.
Повний текст джерелаNutter, Amy Elizabeth. "A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE DISINFECTION EFFICIENCY OF PERACETIC ACID AND SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE ON SECONDARY EFFLUENT AT THE MILL CREEK TREATMENT PLANT." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1461943130.
Повний текст джерелаGilchrist, Tiffany. "Reproductive and endocrine health of Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) exposed to historical and current-use flame retardant chemicals in wastewater treatment plant effluent." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=110668.
Повний текст джерелаLes ignifugeants sont des produits chimiques omniprésents, dont certains peuvent persister dans l'environnement et peuvent s'accumuler dans la faune sauvage. L'objectif global de cette étude était d'étudier la fréquence et l'effet possible sur la reproduction et sur le système endocrinien de l'utilisation historique et actuelle des produits chimiques ignifugeants dans les oiseaux libres à l'aide de l'hirondelle bicolore (Tachycineta bicolor) en tant que modèle. Des colonies d'élevage de l'hirondelle bicolore ont été installées sur un site de référence et deux sites de stations d'épuration (WWTP); avec l'effluent d'un WWTP (c.-à-d. la WWTP près de Kitchener, Ontario: KWWTP) étant plus fortement contaminée par des ignifugeants que l'autre (c.-à-d. près de Hamilton, Ontario: WAWWTP). De 2007 à 2010, les œufs fraîchement pondus ont été recueillis auprès de chaque nid et analysés pour les concentrations d'ignifugeants; ces mêmes nids ont été surveillés régulièrement et des mesures de reproduction ont été enregistrées, et l'apparition de la perturbation endocrinienne fut évaluée dans un sous échantillon d'hirondelles bicolores adultes. À travers les sites, les éthers suivant: Le BDE-47, le BDE-99, le BDE-100, le BDE-153, et le BDE-154 ont été trouvés à des concentrations les plus élevées dans les œufs hirondelles bicolores, et d'autres PBDE congénères et ignifugeants furent quantifiés à des niveaux beaucoup plus faibles. Les hirondelles bicolores sur le site KWWTP ont eu des couvées significativement plus petites que celles sur le site WAWWTP, et le volume d'œufs a été positivement corrélé avec des niveaux de BDE-209, HBCD, et BB-101 in ovo. Le succès d'éclosion, de naissante et d'élevage des hirondelles bicolores était significativement différent entre les sites bien qu'il n'y avait pas de liens statistiquement significatifs entre ces mesures et les concentrations d'ignifugeants in ovo. On a également noté que la date d'initiation d'une couvée de poussins, la prédation des œufs et les oisillons, l'âge des femelles et des températures ambiantes ont différée sensiblement entre les sites. L'analyse de régression non paramétrique a montré que la date d'initiation d'une couvée de poussins et de la prédation des œufs était les meilleures valeurs prédictives de la réussite de la reproduction à travers les sites, mais pas les ignifugeants mesurés à l'heure actuelle à des concentrations in ovo. De 2009 à 2010, des échantillons fécaux ont été prélevés à partir des hirondelles adultes bicolores nicheuses, mâles et femelles pendant les phases de séduction/nid établissement et d'incubation; ces échantillons ont ensuite été analysés pour les niveaux de métabolites d'estradiol (E2), la testostérone (T), triiodothyronine (T3), et de la thyroxine (T4) dans les matières fécales. En 2011, les dosages immunologiques ont été biologiquement validés pour les hirondelles bicolores adultes en utilisant des hirondelles bicolores nichées comme contrôles négatifs. Pour les adultes hirondelles bicolores femelles, fécales T4 niveaux de métabolites étaient significativement et positivement associée à des concentrations BDE-209 in ovo. Pour les oiseaux mâles, il y avait des associations significatives et négatives entre les taux de T métabolites fécaux et des concentrations de BDE-47 et BDE-153 in ovo. Les résultats de cette étude indiquent que les passerines en liberté peuvent être moins sensible aux effets des ignifugeants à la reproduction à des concentrations actuellement mesurées in ovo par rapport des espèces supérieures de niveau trophique aviaire, et que de multiples facteurs peuvent influencer le succès de la reproduction des hirondelles bicolores à ces sites d'étude particulière. Cependant, les résultats de cette étude suggèrent également que les hirondelles bicolores peuvent être sensibles aux concentrations environnementales actuelles des ignifugeants sur le plan de fonction endocrinienne. Une recherche plus approfondie est justifiée et souhaitable.
Waltman, Elise Lyn. "Concentrations of Triclosan in the City of Denton Wastewater Treatment Plant, Pecan Creek, and the Influent and Effluent of an Experimental Constructed Wetland." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4562/.
Повний текст джерелаMorgan, Jennifer Anne. "Water quality improvement and plant root function in an ecological system treating dairy wastewater." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1184934988.
Повний текст джерелаGuinn, Richard J. (Richard Joe). "Biological and Toxicological Responses Resulting from Dechlorination of a Major Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Discharge to the Trinity River." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279074/.
Повний текст джерелаWise, Patricia D. (Patricia Diane). "An Evaluation of Fish and Macroinvertebrate Response to Effluent Dechlorination in Pecan Creek." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278302/.
Повний текст джерелаSabienski, Lina. "Characterization of microplastics in wastewater." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-86249.
Повний текст джерелаAlamino, Andreza de França [UNESP]. "Degradação simultânea de bisfenol A e carbamazepina em efluente de estação de tratamento de esgoto por processo foto-Fenton." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/143870.
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O presente trabalho aborda a degradação simultânea de dois contaminantes emergentes, o plastificante bisfenol A (BPA) e o fármaco carbamazepina (CBZ), aplicando-se processos oxidativos avançados (POA), particularmente o processo foto-Fenton. Durante os ensaios de degradação, o BPA e a CBZ foram determinados por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) em uma única análise, utilizando dois detectores acoplados em série, o detector de fluorescência (FLU) para o BPA e detector de arranjo de diodos (DAD) para a CBZ. Foi necessária a otimização das condições do método cromatográfico, tais como, composição da fase móvel, 50% etanol-água, vazão, 0,500 mL min-1, comprimento de onda de excitação e emissão para o BPA, 277 e 300 nm nesta ordem, e absorção para a CBZ de 286 nm ou 211 nm. Após a construção da curva analítica foram determinados os parâmetros analíticos como: linearidade, limites de detecção e quantificação. Os ensaios de degradação foram efetuados em duas matrizes distintas, água e efluente de estação de tratamento de esgoto, coletado antes do lançamento nos rios, objetivando desenvolver um método de degradação em baixas concentrações em amostras reais. Pela complexidade da matriz foi necessário fazer o “clean up” das amostras por extração em fase sólida (EFS) nas alíquotas retiradas durante as degradações no efluente. A faixa de recuperação da EFS foi avaliada em três níveis e atingiu de 82 a 84% para o BPA e de 92 a 99% para a CBZ. A velocidade de degradação tanto de BPA como de CBZ foi influenciada pela matriz, pois foi maior em água do que no efluente. O tempo de degradação em água foi de 60 minutos e em efluente de 90 minutos. A degradação de BPA atingiu 88% em água e 77% em efluente, enquanto que de CBZ atingiu 95% em água e 61% em efluente. A remoção de carbono orgânico dissolvido (COD) nas amostras de efluente foi avaliada, porém as concentrações de Fe(III) e H2O2 utilizadas, 12,0 μmol L-1 e 300 μmol L-1 nesta ordem, não foram suficientes para degradar a matéria orgânica do efluente, mas foram suficientes para a degradação dos compostos alvos na concentração de 250 μg L-1.
Hoferková, Lenka. "Nakládání s odpadními vodami v obci Sudice." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-372090.
Повний текст джерелаDumas, Thibaut. "Les approches –omiques, métabolomique et protéomique, pour l’étude de la relation de cause à effet entre contaminants émergents, produits pharmaceutiques et organismes marins, Mytilus galloprovincialis." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTG026.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD thesis takes place in a context of the contamination of marine environment by emerging contaminants, such as pharmaceutical active compounds (PhAC), and their effects on marine organisms. The study of causal relationships between exposure to one or more contaminants and the response of the Mediterranean mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis, was the central focus of the research presented in this thesis. In order to provide information on the mechanisms of action and potential toxic effects of PhAC, data lacking in the literature, -omic approaches such as metabolomics and proteomics were applied. The effects of the antiepileptic carbamazepine (CBZ), a PhAC frequently detected in the marine environment, were first investigated on M. galloprovincialis through an integrated approach of metabolomics and proteogenomics. The data fusion strategy applied revealed correlated protein and metabolic signatures in response to exposure. The use of bioinformatics tools that put proteins and metabolites into their biological context thus highlighted changes in protein synthesis, fatty acid degradation, amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism, and cell death programming. Although the study of the effects of a single contaminant is essential to obtain mechanistic information, it is far removed from the relevance of environmental exposure, since organisms are exposed simultaneously to a multitude of contaminants. In order to integrate this complexity, mussels M. galloprovincialis were exposed to a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent, the main pathway of PhAC into the marine environment. Analysis of the metabolic fingerprints generated was first performed on male mussels to rule out gender-related biological variability (which could hide the response to exposure). Several metabolic pathways were thus revealed to be impacted (e.g. amino acids, purines and pyrimidines, Krebs cycle, neurohormones, etc.) which can disrupt several biological functions and processes (e.g. energy metabolism, immune system, osmorregulation, reproduction, byssal formation, etc.) and have adverse consequences on the organism. Based on the literature, hypotheses of causal relationships have been established between certain contaminants detected in the WWTP effluent (38 PPs and 4 pesticides) and the effects observed. Based on the same experiment, the gender factor was then integrated into the processing of data acquired from male/female and exposed/unexposed individuals in order to understand the role of gender in the response to exposure. To this end, the statistical approach of Analysis of Variance Multiblock Orthogonal Partial Least Square proved to be relevant for this kind of multifactorial experimental design. This approach was thus able to characterize and relate the variability of metabolomics data to its different factors of origin. A common response between the two genders, related to the exposure factor, was demonstrated through the modulation of several lysophospholipids induced by oxidative stress. While a gender-specific response, related to the interaction between gender and exposure factors, has been described following a modulation of certain polar lipids according to gender and a disruption of the kynurenin pathway only in males. This thesis work was able to strengthen knowledge on the effects of a PhAC of concern for the environment, CBZ, excluded from any regulatory framework, as well as on the effects of an exposure close to the environmental conditions reconstituted through a WWTP effluent. Original approaches to effects investigation and data analysis have been pertinently applied
Santos, Lucilene Cândida dos. "Avaliação de parâmetros operacionais na cinética de degradação do antibiótico ciprofloxacino pelo processo foto-fenton." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2014. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/17424.
Повний текст джерелаIn this work the degradation of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin CIP (33.1 mg L-1) by photo- Fenton process using artificial radiation was evaluated. First, the effect of different concentrations of Fe 3+ (1.4, 5.6, 11.2 and 16.8 mg L -1) on the kinetics of CIP and dissolved organic carbon DOC (mineralization), as well as the consumption of H2O2 using 510 mg L-1 of H2O2and pH 2.5-2.8 was studied. The CIP concentration was below of the quantitation limit of the equipment - LQ (<0.163 mg L-1) in just 2 minutes, for all concentration of Fe3+ evaluated, it was not possible to verify the effect of this operating parameter for the removal of CIP. Regarding the results of mineralization and consumption of H2O2, the best fit mathematical observed for all the experimental data obtained at different concentrations of Fe3+ evaluated, was first order. Furthermore, it was observed that the concentration of Fe3+ resulted in a proportional increase in the rate of mineralization and consumption of H2O2, being the concentration of 11.2 mg L-1 of Fe3+ chosen for the subsequent experiments. Next, the effect of different concentrations of H2O2 (85, 170, 340, 510 and 680 mg L-1) on kinetics of CIP mineralization and consumption of H2O2 using the best concentration of Fe3+ (11.2 mg L-1), and at pH 2.5-2.8 was evaluated. Similar behavior observed for the different concentrations of Fe3+ was obtained, the best mathematical fit for CIP mineralization and H2O2 consumption was of first order. The rate of CIP mineralization also increased proportionally with H2O2 concentration, but up to a certain amount of H2O2 (340 mg L-1). Above of this concentration, there was a decrease in the rate of mineralization due to the occurrence of inefficient reactions. These results demonstrate the importance of evaluating the operational parameters, such as the concentrations of Fenton´s reagents, in order to optimize the efficiency of the photodegradation process, as well as reduce the costs of processes with chemical reagents. Thus, the best concentrations obtained experimentally in deionized water (DW) in relation to the operational parameters evaluated considering the CIP mineralization using artificial radiation were: [Fe3+] = 11.2 mg L-1 and [H2O2] = 340 mg L-1. Under these experimental conditions, the influence of different aqueous matrices (simulated seawater - SW and treated effluent from sewage treatment plant - STP) in the CIP degradation was evaluated, and the results were compared to those obtained in DW. Complete removal of CIP (considering the LQ equipment) was influenced by the composition of the matrices, since in DW occurred after 2 minutes of the photo-Fenton process, while 10 minutes were required in SW and STP effluent. This is probably due to the presence of inorganic anions (chloride and sulphate) in SW, which form stable complexes with iron, and also act as scavengers of hydroxyl radicals, as well as by the presence of natural organic matter present in the effluent of STP, which also competes with the target-compound by hydroxyl radicals, influencing the degradation process. Based on the results obtained in this work, it was observed that the photo-Fenton process can be an alternative of treatment to waters containing CIP, since there was complete removal of CIP (considering the LQ equipment) after only 2 minutes, followed by 75% of DOC removal and reduction of acute toxicity to A. saline from 76.7% ± 4.7% to 20.0% ± 10.0% after 60 minutes. Since several ecotoxicological effects are associated with waste pharmaceuticals, in specific antibiotics, in aquatic environments and conventional processes fail to remove them efficiently, the application of this process appears quite feasible.
Neste trabalho foi avaliada a degradação do antibiótico ciprofloxacino CIP (33,1mg L-1)pelo processo foto-Fenton utilizando radiação artificial. Primeiramente avaliou-se diferentes concentrações de Fe3+ (1,4, 5,6, 11,2 e 16,8 mg L-1) na cinética de remoção de CIP e carbono orgânico dissolvido - COD (mineralização), bem como no consumo de H2O2 utilizando-se 510 mg L-1 de H2O2 e pH 2,5-2,8. A concentração de CIP ficou abaixo do limite de quantificação do equipamento - LQ (< 0,163 mg L-1) em apenas 2 minutos, para todas as concentrações de Fe3+ avaliadas, não sendo possível verificar o efeito deste parâmetro operacional para a remoção de CIP. Em relação aos resultados de mineralização e consumo de H2O2, o melhor ajuste matemático observado para todos os dados experimentais obtidos nos diferentes níveis de concentração de Fe3+ avaliados foi de primeira ordem. Além disso, foi observado que o aumento da concentração de Fe3+ resultou num aumento proporcional na velocidade de mineralização e de consumo de H2O2, sendo a concentração de 11,2 mg L-1 de Fe3+ escolhida para os experimentos posteriores. A seguir, foi avaliado o efeito de diferentes concentrações de H2O2 (85, 170, 340, 510 e 680 mg L-1) na cinética de mineralização de CIP e consumo de H2O2 utilizando a melhor concentração de Fe3+ (11,2 mg L-1), e, em pH 2,5-2,8. Comportamento semelhante ao observado para as diferentes concentrações de Fe3+ foi obtido, melhor ajuste matemático para a mineralização de CIP e consumo de H2O2 sendo de primeira ordem. A velocidade de mineralização de CIP também aumentou proporcionalmente com a concentração de H2O2, contudo até um determinado valor de H2O2 (340 mg L-1). Acima desta concentração, houve um decréscimo na velocidade de mineralização devido à ocorrência de reações ineficientes. Estes resultados, demonstram a importância de avaliar os parâmetros operacionais, tais como as concentrações dos reagentes de Fenton, a fim de otimizar a eficiência do processo de fotodegradação, bem como reduzir os custos dos processos com reagentes químicos. Assim, as melhores concentrações obtidas experimentalmente em água deionizada (AD) em relação aos parâmetros operacionais avaliados considerando a mineralização de CIP utilizando radiação artificial foram: [Fe3+] = 11,2 mg L-1 e [H2O2] = 340 mg L-1. Sob tais condições experimentais, a influência de diferentes matrizes aquosas (água de mar simulada AM, e, efluente tratado de estação de tratamento de esgoto - ETE) na degradação de CIP foi avaliada, e os resultados foram comparados aos obtidos em AD. A completa remoção de CIP (considerando o LQ do equipamento) foi influenciada pela composição da matriz, uma vez que em AD ocorreu após 2 minutos do processo foto-Fenton, enquanto que 10 minutos foram necessários para a AM e efluente de ETE. Isto ocorreu provavelmente devido à presença de ânions inorgânicos (cloreto e sulfato) em AM, os quais formam complexos estáveis com ferro, e que também atuam como sequestradores de radicais hidroxilas, assim como pela presença de matéria orgânica natural presente no efluente de ETE, a qual também compete com o composto-alvo pelos radicais hidroxila, influenciando assim o processo de degradação. Baseado nos resultados obtidos neste trabalho pode ser observado que o processo foto-Fenton pode ser uma alternativa de tratamento de águas contendo CIP, pois houve completa remoção de CIP (considerando o LQ do equipamento) após apenas 2 minutos, seguido de 75% de remoção de COD e redução da toxicidade aguda para A. salina de 76,7% ± 4,7% para 20,0% ± 10,0% após 60 minutos. Visto que vários efeitos ecotoxicológicos estão associados aos resíduos de fármacos, em específico antibióticos, presentes nos ambientes aquáticos e que os processos convencionais não conseguem removê-los eficientemente, a aplicação deste processo se mostra bastante viável.
Mestre em Química
Rava, Eleonora Maria Elizabeth. "Management of hydrogen sulphide generation at a Kraft paper mill." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09152008-113200/.
Повний текст джерелаSrivastava, Pooja. "Monitoring and risk assessment of polyaromatic hydocarbons (PAHs) in a stretch of river ganges." Thesis, 2016. http://localhost:8080/iit/handle/2074/7104.
Повний текст джерелаLi, Cheng-Te, and 李成得. "Prediction of effluent quality for the wastewater treatment plant." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23902688150623393832.
Повний текст джерела立德大學
資源環境研究所
96
The research adopted the biological process system parameter values and water quality data, included the temperature of aeration tank, the pH of aeration tank, inflow COD concentration of aeration tank, inflow SS concentration of aeration tank, inflow BOD concentration of aeration tank, the inflow rate of aeration tank, MLSS, SVI, return sludge concentration, F/M, HRT of aeration tank etc. dated from January of 2004 till September of 2004, of a wastewater treatment plant (WTP) located in an industrial park. Firstly, the data was normalized. Secondly, four simplified factors of “water quality factor”, “flow rate factor”, “sludge attribute factor” and “sludge loaded factor” were derived with the principal components analysis (PCA) in SPSS statistics software. Thirdly, the artificial neural networks (ANN), MATLAB 7.0 edition, was performed by inputting the four simplified factors and the effluent concentrations of COD and SS of the WTP were then predicted, respectively. The ANN was trained and verified with 959 and 221 sets of data, respectively. The correlation coefficient R between the predicted values and experimental data was used as a verification parameter. The R-values of COD and SS of 0.884 and 0.867 by the ANN method were found better than those of 0.797 and 0.721 by the PCA + ANN method, and those of 0.648 and 0.621 by the time series analysis, respectively. To further verify, a long term of 7 days prediction scheme was conducted and the predicted results were verified with the experimental data. Namely, parameter of relative value was calculated. The relative values of COD and SS of 9.6% and 13.1% by the ANN method were lower than those of 12.2% and 15.1% by the PCA + ANN method and those of 16.7% and 23.0% of ten times’ data by the time series analysis method, respectively.
Iloms, Eunice Chizube. "Investigating industrial effluent impacts on municipal wastewater treatment plant." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25877.
Повний текст джерелаEnvironmental Sciences
M. Sc. (Environmental Science)
Bohn, Barry D. "Disinfection of secondary wastewater treatment plant effluent using ultraviolet light." 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/18263.
Повний текст джерела-Ming, Sun, and 李聖明. "Evaluation of Microbial in Effluent of Each Treatment Unit at a Water Treatment Plant." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47sc22.
Повний текст джерела國立中山大學
環境工程研究所
96
Growth of bacteria in drinking water distribution and storage systems can lead to the deterioration of water quality, violation of water standards, and increased operating costs. Growth or Regrowth results from viable bacteria surviving the disinfection process and utilizing nutrient in the water and biofilm to sustain growth. Factors other than nutrients that influence regrowth include temperature, residence time in mains and storage units, and the efficacy of disinfection. Tests to determine the potential for bacterial regrowth focus on the concentration of nutrients. Not all organic compounds are equally susceptible to microbial decomposition; the fraction that provides energy and carbon for bacterial growth has been called labile dissolved organic carbon, biodegradable organic carbon (BDOC), or Assimilable Organic Carbon (AOC). Easily measured chemical surrogates for AOC are not available now. As alternative to chemical methods, bioassays have been proposed. Assimilable Organic Carbon (AOC) is that portion of the biodegradable organic carbon that can be converted to cell mass and expressed as a carbon concentration by means of a conversion factor. In this study, two organisms, namely Psuedomonas fluorescens strain P17 and Spirillum species NOX were selected for the AOC determination. The growth of the bacteria was determined by periodic colony counts with spread plate technique on LLA (Lab-Lemco nutrient agar) cultivation medium until the growth reached maximum (maximum colony count, Nmax). Results showed that AOC follows a trend based on the climatic and seasonal changes (local climate) with peaks in summer and low during winter season and vice versa in term of AOC removing capability. In addition to confirm AOC removal rate in biofiltration bed was evaluated with a test column containing the same filling materials, Granular Activated Carbon (GAC). Long term test showed that GAC would last for forty weeks without any special treatment. Other result showed that biofiltration bed has a better removal efficiency rate 72% (average based on four year), than the test column 49% since it experience frequent back-washing, thus maintaining a healthy removal rate. In the test column change in total organic carbon was quite abnormal. AOC yearly distribution was also studied and differentiated into four stages. AOC removal of each stage was 48%, 70%, 83% and 77%. Total organic carbon concentration was much higher in the effluent 384 than influent 334 μg C/L; later methionine was found in water sample (effluent) which strongly suggests that the indigenous microbes had been reducing organic material such as cystein to methionine thus increasing the organic carbon content of the effluent. The microbial growths inside the GAC test column is entirely based on the long term feed of water at the treatment plant. Several other parameters such as Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Excitation Emissions Fluorescence Matrix (EEFM), Molecular Weight and Amino acids detection were selected and coupled with the AOC to shed light on the working mechanisms of both GAC as filtration material and characteristics of indigenous microbes towards the removal of organic contaminants and changes they can bring about to the quality of clear water.
lin, Han-Hua, and 林漢樺. "A study on membrane distillation for effluent stream treatment from municipal wastewater treatment plant." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43491188108339872538.
Повний текст джерела中原大學
化學工程研究所
105
Due to climate change and the increasing demand of water for industry, Taiwan frequently faces an acute problem of water scarcity in recent years. Therefore, much attention has been paid for using reclaimed water to solve the problem of water shortage. Based on the effluents of domestic sewage and industrial waste water are large and stable water resources, the production of reclaimed water from these effluents will have great potential. In this study, membrane distillation was used for effluent treatment from Dihua sewage treatment plant (STP) to produce the reclaimed water. Experiments were divided into direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) pilot test and air gap membrane distillation (AGMD) laboratory module test, the former was used for long-term data obtained while the latter was designed to implement the cleaning test for fouled membrane. In addition, simulation analysis for energy consumption of AGMD to produce reclaimed water from STP was also carried out in this study. Pilot DCMD test using flat sheet module with ePTFE membrane was conducted under feed temperature at 60℃and Re= 9500 while the permeate side at 35℃and Re=3200.The flux decline obtained by 4 hours operation per day and 2 month continuous operation is not significant, its value being about 15 kg/m²hr. Based on the measurement of conductivity in feed and permeate, respectively, to determine the ion rejection, results showed that the ion rejection reaches 99%. By measuring the Cl- ion concentration, it appeared that the rejection was 99.9%. SEM-EDS analysis for fouled membranes showed that the fouling components are mainly from organic matters. Based on the COD, Cl- and NH4+ measured from the produced water, it clearly indicated that the water quality from MD is better than that by RO. Experimental results of AGMD showed that 0.1 wt% NaOH or 0.8 wt% EDTA-4Na solution can wash away the fouling on the membrane surface and the cleaned membrane has flux nearly same as that from virgin membrane. Based on Memstill® concept for heat recovery, the thermal energy consumption of AGMD was also estimated. Under the given conditions of flat plate module 1x1 m2 , temperatures of feed inlet and after heater were at 80 and 30℃, respectively, and the superficial flow velocity in the module channel was 0.01 m/s, the thermal energy consumption estimated was 106.8 kWh/m3 and the flux was 5.5 kg/m2hr.
Chang, Ya-min, and 張雅閔. "Effect of Influent TMAH Concentration on the Effluent Quality of Wastewater Treatment Plant." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71024178540145953553.
Повний текст джерела朝陽科技大學
環境工程與管理系碩士班
102
TMAH (tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide) for the optical industry and the semiconductor industry is often accompanied by the discharge of treated water pollutants into the Science Park sewage treatment plant. This study will explore the long-term monitoring and understanding through the use of data analysis methods TMAH water features in Science Park sewage treatment plant. In the vendor side effluent monitoring results show that a large TMAH into the processing system, The ammonia concentration of wastewater treatment plant effluent greater than the influent ammonia concentration, suggesting that when the contribution is caused by the degradation of TMAH, and the concentration of ammonia in the water inflow increases by TMAH concentration, but in the input stream when concentrations higher than 150mg / L, TMAH degradation will be inhibited.The TMAH’s concentration is no significant correlation between the concentration of COD , but the correlation is more obvious with the BOD.At TMAH’s concentration under 200 mg/L or less, the BOD will be increases by the TMAH’s concentration, which TMAH’s concentration more than 200 mg/L, the BOD will be not. The TMAH removal increases the concentration of the anionic surfactant is reduced, the concentration of anionic surface less than 0.2 mg/L, the removal of TMAH had more than 80%. The concentration of anionic surfactant increased to 1.8 mg/L, the removal rate will be decreased to 30%.
Lee, Wen-Sheng, and 李文聖. "The Study of Effluent Reclamation and Reuse Potential from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95754621617202200592.
Повний текст джерела國立臺北科技大學
環境規劃與管理研究所
92
The characteristics of municipal wastewater are stable. The reuse water from cleaned municipal wastewater by advanced reclamation technologies could contain potential for providing regional water supply, raise the efficiency of water resource reuse and reach the object of diversification water supply. In general the region of water reclamation and reuse include the recycling of rainfall storage, industrial wastewater, municipal wastewater, agricultural irrigation water drainage, cultivated fishery wastewater and so on. Municipal wastewater reclamation could be used in industrial inflow, agricultural irrigation water, landscape environment, groundwater recharge, domestic non-potable use, repairing drinking-water and so on. It contains huge potential for municipal wastewater reclamation and reuse in the future. Complete plans would take wide influence in establishing relating laws and forming. It should be carried out and promote of reclamation water regulations, water quality standards and the marks of water reuse. On the other hand, water reclamation technologies should be accepted by users. Therefore, It must be considered about each requirement of water quality, reclamation technologies, user’s risk assessments and so on of water reclamation and reuse. This study collected successful examples and documents from abroad municipal wastewater reclamation and reuse. Discussing reclamation technologies and combinations among Best Available Treatment (BAT), the internal currently water reclamation laws and water quality would be analyzed and discussed. In the meanwhile, Questionnaires of the desires and managers of water reclamation and reuse reveal that the maximum water reclamation potential capacity would be 2,859,100 m3/day and currently capable potential capacity was 1,352,000 m3/day of 18 treatment plants in Taiwan. There will be 42 municipal wastewater treatment plants till year 110. The maximum capable water reclamation potential capacity will be 4,263,000 m3/day in 2020. In the end of the research will choose potential municipal wastewater reclamation plants and plan its own reclamation and reuse manners.
Carstea, E. M., Y. S. Zakharova, and John Bridgeman. "Online fluorescence monitoring of effluent organic matter in wastewater treatment plants." 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/15322.
Повний текст джерелаWastewater treatment is an energy-intensive operation. Energy consumption is forecast to increase by 60% in the forthcoming decade due to tightened legislation surrounding the discharge of final effluent to watercourses. Treatment plants rely on the time-consuming and unreliable biochemical oxygen demand to assess the quality of final effluent, leading to process inefficiencies. Here, the authors show that fluorescence spectroscopy is a robust technique for real-time monitoring of changes in effluent quality. Three portable fluorimeters were installed for one month at the final effluent discharge point of a large municipal wastewater treatment plant. The authors show that organic matter composition of the wastewater varies diurnally depending on the flow rate and antecedent rainfall. High fluorescence intensity and ammonia are attributed to sewage sludge liquor, which is regularly discharged to the treatment plant. Moreover, elevated fluorescence intensities were recorded as a result of process failure following a power outage. The study shows that online fluorescence analysis is capable of detecting both minor changes in effluent quality and issues with treatment process performance.
European Commission Framework Programme 7, Marie Curie IEF (PIEF-GA-2012-329962) and the Core Program, ANCS (PN 16.40.01.01).
Bijan, Leila. "Integrating membrane, ozonation, and biological processes for the treatment of alkaline bleach plant effluent." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/18527.
Повний текст джерелаApplied Science, Faculty of
Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of
Graduate
Lo, Lun-Wei, and 羅偉倫. "Inactivate Escherichia coli from wastewater treatment plant effluent by filtration with different packing media." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61011283149882203041.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣大學
環境工程學研究所
105
Water is one of the basic needs of human. With the increase of population, water resource has been over used for agriculture, industry and drinking water in many areas and may lead to environmental problems. It’s important to seek the way to solve the shortage of water resource. Using treated wastewater as new water resource is one of the methods. The treated wastewater effluent from wastewater treatment plants could be a stable and readily available secondary type of water resource. Although the wastewater effluent has been treated in the wastewater treatment plants, it’s still contain a lot of pollutant and microorganism. Filtration system is one of the treatments which commonly used for wastewater reuse. Filtration system has less cost and energy, it also cost less problem and pollution to environment. During the filtration, some chemical, physical and biological reactions such as adsorption, filtration, interception, oxidation and biodegradation may happen and reduce the pollutant. This study explores the pathogen inactivation abilities of three different materials (zero-valent iron(ZVI), sand and pulverized oyster shell) when used as the padding materials in soil percolation. Columns filled with these three materials were fed with recovery water from the wastewater treatment plant within fresh Escherichia coli (1 × 104 to 2.7 × 104 CFU/mL). Since the bacteria in wastewater would compete against E. coli and caused inactivation, the influent of following inactivation experiment are autoclaved before E. coli addition. Five different columns are utilized to evaluate the inactivation efficiencies of a control (C, without padding materials), a sand column (S), a zero-valent iron-sand column, and a pulverized oyster shell-sand column (OS). Inactivation efficiencies were obtained from the E. coli life counts form the influents and effluents. The changes of viable E. coli between influent and effluent in control column are less than 1 log unit. The sand column and pulverized oyster shell-sand column resulted in 2 and 1 log unit reduction, respectively. The zero-valent iron-sand column reduced more than 3 log unit in the inactivation experiment. Among three different materials, the column filled of zero-valent iron-sand has the highest E. coli inactivation efficiencies than sand filtration alone or pulverized oyster shell-sand filtration.
Nelson, Heather M. "Performance of polymeric membrane systems in the treatment of poultry processing plant waste effluent." 2006. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/nelson%5Fheather%5Fm%5F200612%5Fphd.
Повний текст джерелаMoreno, Patricio Alejandro. "Evaluation of factors responsible for high effluent suspended solids events in the Kuwahee wastewater treatment plant." 2004. http://etd.utk.edu/2004/MorenoPatricio.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаTitle from title page screen (viewed Sept. 27, 2004). Thesis advisor: Gregory D. Reed. Document formatted into pages (x, 155 p. : ill. (some col.)). Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-106).
Hsu, Yuan-che, and 許原哲. "Study of Treating Effluent from a Hospital Wastewater Treatment Plant by a Constructed Wetland System." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41805360863460987445.
Повний текст джерела嘉南藥理科技大學
環境工程與科學系碩士班
94
This study has set up the Artificial Wetland Experimental System Model Field for area about 1200m2 beside the wastewater treatment plant of Dalin Tzu Chi Medical Center, Chiayi Hsien, hoping to pump from the original wastewater treatment plant (secondary treatment water) into the designed artificial wetland experimental system model field for ecological treatment (tertiary treatment) with natural ecological water purification method in an attempt to reduce the total nitrogen amount to the degree of “agricultural irrigation water standard”, also to achieve the goal of environmental protection and reservation for best recycling and reuse of the water resource that Cheng Yen, the founder of Tzu Chi Foundation, intends to do all the time. At the beginning when this Artificial Wetland Experimental System Model Field was set up, it has practically applied the treatment material and technique that better met natural environmental protection idea to achieve energy saving, low cost and reduce of second time pollution, and to display local ecological, scenic and educational, etc., functions. Of the 1200m2 area, the total designed area for the Artificial Wetland Experimental System Model Field is 782m2, which is divided into three units for FWS wetland area 450 m2, SSF wetland area 186m2, and the rest 146m2 has been connected to ecological scenic pond. The average water pumping is 30m3 of wastewater flow daily (discharged water after second degree treatment), which almost reaches 0.05m/day of the hydraulic loading rate. The discharged wastewater mainly from the medical water of Dalin Tzu Chi Medical Center and daily use water of the households has been loaded into the wastewater treatment plant and then pumped into the Artificial Wetland Experimental System Model Field. The operation results at the earlier stage indicated that although the water quality of the incoming flow density was very low, however, after going through the Artificial Wetland Experimental System Model Field there was treatment result partially. Of the discharged water from the wastewater treatment of the Dalin Tzu Chi Medical Center before experiment, except the Total Nitrogen (TN) amount, the different kinds of water quality report from the rest have met the “agricultural irrigation water standard”. The results indicated that the Nitrogen nitrate had the highest density (28.65mg N/L) of the Total Nitrogen (TN), which might reduce to 15.99 mg N/L upon artificial wetland treatment that made a reduction rate of 44%. Due to the model field was at the activated “adaptation period” at the beginning that it did not achieve the expected reduction efficiency because the green plants has just started to grow so the density was low, while the carbon source for de-niter function was also insufficient. As to the Nitrogen nitrate ridden efficiency at the FWS wetland and SSF wetland, the former was 15% and the latter was 34%, which indicated SSF wetland has stronger ridden efficiency than FWS wetland. When the experiment has moved to stable stage (six months), the daily water discharge rate was increased to 70m3/d, which equaled 0.11m/day of the hydraulic loading rate. The results indicated that the Nitrogen nitrate has reduced from the original 37.58 mg N/L to 11.98 mg N/L with 68% of ridden efficiency. It is the same as the other wetland Nitrogen nitrate ridden efficiency under the same conditions on the documentary records. Further, to compare the Nitrogen nitrate ridden efficiency of the FWS and SSF wetlands, the Nitrogen nitrate ridden efficiency of the FWS was 2.48 gN/m2/d, and SSF, 3.61 gN/m2/d, which indicated SSF wetland has better Nitrogen nitrate ridden efficiency than that of the FWS wetland. Such comparison proved that data of the model field at the activated “adaptation period” and the operational function after the stable stage, the performance of the FWS and SSF wetlands was the same. Due to after the wetland getting into the stable stage and flowed into the FWS and SSF wetlands, of the data obtained from different sample taking observation stations, the Nitrogen nitrate ridden speed was higher than any other station, on the contrary, the incoming flow of the wetlands at the adaptation stage had no such performance. While high N/P incoming flow density (incoming flow contained no positive phosphoric acid density), and amino nitrogen and nitrous acid showed no increasing value at the wetlands. Therefore, the nitrogen nitrate was ridden through de-niter function at the artificial wetland to leave the wetland system model field.
Wu, Pin-lung, and 吳彬榮. "Using Propagation Neural Network to Predict Secondary Effluent Quality from Science Park Sewage Treatment Plant." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94957800885125756942.
Повний текст джерела朝陽科技大學
環境工程與管理系碩士班
99
This study used Back-Propagation Neural Network (BNN) to discuss quality changes of effluent water from science park sewage treatment plant in order to construct a science park sewage treatment plant simulation framework, and further simulate and forecast the effluent water quality. It finally evaluated the relative residual on the model predicted value and actual value to assess prediction efficiency. This study adopted 12 input variables in the input layer, namely Potential of Hydrogen (pH) of entering water, Sludge Retention Times (SRT), Food to Microorganism ratio (F/M), Volume Load Review (VLR), Solids Load (SL), Aeration Basin Retention Times (ABRT), Fast Mixing Basin Retention Times (FMBRT), Slow Mixing Basin Retention Times (SMBRT), Sedimentation Basin Surface Overflow Rate (SBSOR), Sedimentation Basin Effluent Temperature(SBET), Sludge Volume Index (SVI), Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids (MLSS). Three output variables were adopted in output layer, which are Suspended Solids (SS) of effluent water, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) to carry out individual forecast. In this study, the operating rate was 0.1; the number of hidden layer neurons was 15, and the training frequency was 100,000. During the training course of BOD, when 5 input variables were adopted for 1 output variable, Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of effluent water was 28.05%, Correlation Coefficient (R) was 0.351. During the forecast process, if 12 input variables were adopted for 1 output variable, the MAPE value was 23.06%, and the R value was 0.269, it has the best effect. During the training course of COD, if 12 input variables were adopted for 1 output variable, the MAPE value was 19.49%, and R value was 0.420, it has the best effect. During the forecast process, if 2 input variables were adopted for 1 output variable, the MAPE value was 15.19% and R value was 0.138, it has the best effect. During the training process of SS, if 4 input variables were adopted for 1 output variable, the MAPE value was 22.00%, and R value was 0.734, it has the best effect. During the forecast process, if 4 input variables were adopted to 1 output variable, the MAPE value was 20.23%, and R value was 0.168, it has the best effect. During the training course, if 12 variables were adopted to 1 output variable was adopted, the MAPE values of effluent water SS, BOD, COD were 22.63%, 23.06%, and 19.49%, respectively; R values were 0.725, 0.269, and 0.420, respectively. During the forecast process, if 12 input variables were adopted for 1 output variable, the MAPE values of effluent water SS, BOD, COD were 21.91%, 23.06%, and 19.81%, respectively; R values were -0.127, 0.269, and -0.025, respectively.As a whole, the results from forecasting SS, BOD and COD of science park sewage plant by BNN showed that most of MAPE values are in reasonable range, indicating that forecasting concentration and alteration trend may be both known. As a result, it is feasible to use BNN to forecast effluent water concentration of industrial park sewage plant. The relevant results of this study can be used as reference for operation and diagnosis of science park sewage treatment plant.
Cho, Yu-yu, and 卓宥愉. "Using Adaptive fuzzy Neural Network to Predict Effluent Quality from Science Park Sewage Treatment Plant." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52876578408165178530.
Повний текст джерела朝陽科技大學
環境工程與管理系碩士班
101
In this study, adaptive network based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was used to explore the variation of effluent from the wastewater treatment plant of scientific park. The simulation framework for the wastewater treatment plant of scientific park was established, the effluent quality was predicted, the errors between the predicted values and the observed values were analyzed, and the model performance was evaluated. When predicting effluent suspended solids (SS), the SS from the third clarifier, the SS from the second clarifier (second stage), and the SS from the third clarifier (second stage) were taken as the input parameters. When predicting effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD), the COD from the second clarifier, the COD from the third clarifier, and the effluent biochemical oxygen demand were taken as the input parameters. The membership functions (MFs) including triangle, trapezoidal, bell, and Gaussian MFs were adopted in prediction simulation for comparisons. When predicting SS, the performance in which the bell MFs were adopted prevailed others. When predicting COD, the performance in which the trapezoidal MFs were adopted prevailed others. When predicting SS, the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) was 25.24 %, the correlation coefficient (R) was 0.347 with bell MFs and three input parameters. When predicting COD, the MAPE was 19.24 %, the R was 0.895 with trapezoidal MFs and three input parameters.
Hung, Jung-Chang, and 洪榮昌. "Municipal Reclaimed Water in NeiHu Wastewater Treatment Plant Using Reverse Osmosis Membrane in secondary Effluent." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8stwjh.
Повний текст джерела國立臺北科技大學
環境規劃與管理研究所
93
This research is based on the experiments conducted in secondary Effluent in NeiHu Wastewater Treatment Plant using Reverse Osmosis System (RO) under study for a period of 10 months in non stop operation. These experiments enabled the understanding of the operation of Reverse Osmosis System, qualitative and quantitative water treatment under different controlled environment using the system. They also afforded the analysis of water treatment volume and its quality, operation efficiency, uses of Reclaimed Water (RW) and costs of treatment. During the experimental period, observations showed that when the pressure is increased at the input, the volume of flow, recovery rate, and rejection rate increase, the quality of the water that permeated through the membrane improves. However, urban wastewater treatment for Potable Water requires operation of the (RO) system with disinfecting chemicals, equipment, and media, without which, bio-fouling rapidly generates and spreads, resulting in reduced pressure at the input over a short period of time. The disparity in pressure between the input at the membrane and the concentrated fluid sharply increases and diminishes the quality and volume of the output of permeated water. Compared with the period prior to the installation of the auxiliary disinfecting equipment, after installation (of the auxiliary equipment) the overall volume of flow of the output decreased by 17.5%. Utilizing Sand Filtration (SF), the rejection rates for Floating Solids, Turbidity, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and NH3 are 85.6%, 74.1%, 35.9%, 27.1%, and 22.1% respectively. There is a 3.3% Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) rejection.With Activated Carbon Filtration (ACF), the rejection rates for Floating Solids, Turbidity, (COD), (BOD), and NH3 are 31.8%, 47.8%, 12%, 11.7%, 11.9% respectively, including a 4.6% rejection of TDS. However, when Reverse Osmosis is utilized, the water quality through (ACF) is similar to the result of (SF). Therefore the Activated Carbon Filtration does not present a significant advantage economically. Further, the Carbon Cartridge Filter rejects Floating Solids & Turbidity only at rates of 25% and 6.7%. TDS, Nitrogen and Phosphorous levels remaining in the water are much higher. And finally, there is the additional problem of algae forming on the wall of the cartridge as a result of the high volume of bacteria generated from the upstream carbon module. In the 10 months continuous operational study of the (RO) System (including the auxiliary (SF) & (ACF), the fouling generated is primarily organic fouling and bio-fouling. This fouling could be reduced or eliminated by using 0.5% NaOH. Once the fouling is reduced or removed, the MTCw value will also be restored. (Note: In the cleaning process, it’s important for the plant operator to pay close attention to the color, smell & foaming action the chemical displays in the system.) Reverse Osmosis permeated water could meet the potable drinking water standards once processed through air stripping and disinfection. Although, the volume generated is sufficient for use in the plant, the cost of treatment is TW $41/m3 because limited volume is handling through an (RO) system.This study concludes my belief that the operational costs of (RO) treatment can be reduced if, and when, there are methods utilized to increase the volume rate. Until those methods are developed and implemented, the treated water resulting from the lower cost treatment of using only sand filtration (SF), and cartridge filtration (ACF), without (RO), are adequate to meets the significant demands for Reclaimed Water (RW) standards suitable for agricultural irrigation as well as landscape irrigation water requirements.
Teng, Hsien-Chih, and 鄧先志. "The Treatment Efficiencies of Swine Wastewater Effluent by Different Plant Species in Subsurface Flow and Aquatic Plant Constructed Wetland Systems." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39741786280218583090.
Повний текст джерела國立中山大學
海洋環境及工程學系研究所
102
In this study, we used salt tolerance and freshwater aquatic plants species in subsurface flow and aquatic plant systems to treat swine wastewater effluent. The freshwater aquatic plant species, including water hyacinth and water cabbage, have been studied in Taiwan, China and other countries. This two species of aquatic plants have been applied in many cases, and have the characteristic of rapid growth, which might cause ecological pollution. However, some studies showed that the wastewater with high salinity would limit the growth of aquatic plant species, and even might cause to death. Therefore, in this research we used salt tolerance plants(Bermuda grass, Sea purslane and Suaeda nudiflora) to treat swine wastewater, and expect that they could reduce the impact to aquatic plants from swine wastewater, so that it could increase the removal efficiency. Salt tolerance plants in subsurface flow constructed wetland systems, initially showed high efficiency for removal of TP, by five-fold dilution of wastewater with the highest removal rates of 52.2% and primary removal rate of 31.8%. Salt tolerance plants in subsurface flow constructed wetland systems removal of TN, presented stock solution removal rate of 67.5%. The rate for TP removal in water hyacinth aquatic plant constructed wetland systems for was measured up to 61.9% for the stock solution, while water cabbage aquatic plant constructed wetland systems could be up to 39.2% for the five-fold dilution. The rate in water hyacinth aquatic plant constructed wetland systems for wastewater TN removal was up to 63.1% for the stock solution, while water cabbage aquatic plant constructed wetland systems could be up to 50.0% for the five-fold dilution. For the overall system, the rate of change of the electrical conductivity was decreased to 34.3%. The removal wet weight of Bermuda grass and Sea purslane were measured equal to 2.35(kg/m2) and 1.67(kg/m2) per month respectively, while the removal of nitrogen was 12.59(kg/m2) and 7.18(kg/m2) per month respectively and removal of phosphorus was equal to 0.82(kg/m2) and 0.82(kg/m2) per month respectively. The removal wet weight of water hyacinth and water cabbage were measured equal to 7.57(kg/m2) and 2.71(kg/m2) per month respectively, while the removal nitrogen was 15.75(kg/m2) and 4.93(kg/m2) per month respectively, and removal phosphorus was 1.57(kg/m2) and 0.46(kg/m2) per month respectively.
Ching-WanChuang and 莊清萬. "A Study of Strategic Planning for Wastewater Treatment Plant Under the Change of the Effluent Standards." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33291408569674190384.
Повний текст джерела國立成功大學
工學院工程管理碩士在職專班
101
With the rapid technological and industrial development, industrial wastewater with contamination discharged into receiving waters has been increased dramatically. The treated wastewater cannot only relies on the self-purification ability of receiving water. The live space for aquatics is shrank due to pollutants. For the ecological and sustainable management of the earth, the restriction of effluent standard must be imposed. This study emphasized that enterprises can effectively invest and plan the controlling devices policy quickly for effluent standards based on a model which is established by Delphi Method and Expert interview when the environmental protection agency intend to adjust the effluent standards or update of water pollution standards. This model can reduce effectively and efficiently the management planning of wastewater treatment, strain management time and avoid unnecessary controlling cost for environmental protection and sustainable development of a win-win situation. This research makes the unobvious knowledge to well-known one for those who need as reference. Keywords: Effluent standards、Waste water treatment、Delphi、Strategic planning
Hsu, Pei-Chen, and 許珮甄. "The Effluent Reuse for Agricultural Irrigation from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants - A Case Study of the Pa-Li Wastewater Treatment Plant." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zsr4wg.
Повний текст джерела國立臺北科技大學
環境規劃與管理研究所
93
The water demand is increasing gradually and the water resource shortages problems will be more serious in Taiwan. The reclaimed water from municipal wastewater treatment plant is actually a very reliable alternative water resource, because of its stable quantity and the lower pollution quality. In addition, the water demand of agricultural irrigation is the highest portion in Taiwan. For this reason, the objective of this study is to assess municipal treated water reuse for agricultural irrigation, including water reclamation technologies and water quality standards. In addition, the research assessed the feasibility of the effluent reuse from Pa-Li wastewater treatment plant to Tao-Yuan areas for the irrigation. The concentration of the total nitrogen from the secondary effluent could not confirm the required water quality standards. But nitrogen is an important element for the crop, therefore, to employ nitrogen removal process, dilute the concentrated of reclamation water with original irrigation water, or to adjust internal standard are available. The advantage of water reuse from the Pa-Li wastewater treatment plant to Tao-Yuan areas is the large amount of water. But the wastewater of Pa-Li wastewater treatment plant is only treated to the primary level, some water qualities could not reach the required water criteria. The study suggests using the stepping aeration process to remove organic matter and the MLE process to remove total nitrogen in the Pa-Li wastewater treatment plant. However, the feasibility is restricted by the area of factory. Considering for present master plan status of the Pa-Li wastewater plant, only 9 % of treated water can be regenerated for agricultural irrigation demand. For this reason, it is necessary to coordinate and regain the borrowed land in order to increase the area for the advanced processes.
Tsai, Yao-Sheng, and 蔡曜聲. "Assessment of the efficiency of contact media channel purification process on effluent from secondary wasterwater treatment plant." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zchvuf.
Повний текст джерела朝陽科技大學
環境工程與管理系碩士班
92
The technologies in which the pollutants were removed or transformed according to natural recycle or purification principles in natural bulk water are called water quality purification ecological engineering. The 0.5 m wide channel was compartmented into 6 stages, the length of each stage was 10 m, the total length was 60 m; a tail-weir was used to control water depth. In this study, contact media channel purification process(CMCP)process filled with honey-comb media was adopted to implement continuous flow experiments, and the effluent quality and removal efficiency were observed under steady state. A mathematical model was derived to determine the design parameters, i.e., p and Ks. The removal efficiency of suspended solid (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total nitrogen (COD)and total phosphorus(TP)were 69.8 ~ 89.0, 26.4 ~ 65.0, 46.5 ~ 87.1, 18.9 ~ 45.9 and 3.95 ~ 4.83 %, respectively. The removal efficiency of BOD5 and SS increased when water depth increased, and it decreased as aeration flowrate. Increase of media wet area resulted in decrease of SS. A tail-weir was used to control water depth, so SS were removed due to the settling mechanism. The removal efficiency of COD decreased as aeration flowrate increased, and increase of water depth did not affect the removal efficiency of COD significantly. The removal efficiency of TN increased when aeration flowrate increased, and increase of water depth did not affect the removal efficiency of TN significantly. The removal efficiency of TP was low, and increase of water depth and aeration flowrate did not affect the removal efficiency of TP significantly. Keywords Water quality natural purification ecological engineering, contact media channel purification process, honey-comb media, design parameter, water depth, aeration flowrate.
Su, Han-Chang, and 蘇漢昌. "Using based fuzzy inference system to improve the network prediction of effluent quality from wastewater treatment plant." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55474069672356235353.
Повний текст джерела朝陽科技大學
環境工程與管理系碩士班
96
The primary goals of the study are as follows: (1) to utilize grey relational analysis to select system parameters of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and use backpropagation neural network (BNN) and Adaptive Network based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) to construct models for predicting Effluent quality from WWTPs; (2) to probe into the Effects that backpropagation neural network and Adaptive Network based Fuzzy Inference System respectively estimate the Effluent quality of various types of WWTPs (3) to compare the Effects of two different models for predicting the Effluent quality from WWTPs. The results indicated Prediction of Effluent Quality from Wastewater Trentment Plant in Industrial Park Using Online Monitoring Parameters - Application of backpropagation neural network and Adaptive Network based Fuzzy Inference System, The results indicated that the minimum mean absolute percentage errors of 4.93 %, 0.83 % and 0.57 % and Pearson’s correlation for 0.96、0.83、0.91 for SSeff、CODeff、pHeff could be achieved using different types of BNN, Minimum mean absolute percentage errors of 2.90 %, 2.54 % and 0.36 % and Pearson’s correlation for 0.97、0.85、0.98 for SSeff、CODeff、pHeff could be achieved using different types of ANFIS.And utilize four kinds trimf, trapmf, gbellmf and gaussmf in ANFIS to four the Membership function and predict WWTPs SSeff、CODeff、pHeff of prediction result had better regard gbellmf as all, gaussmf take second, under the Membership function for trapmf and trimf respectively finally. ANFIS of research this really can improve anticipation of WWTPS of BNN and compare two species model of Efficiencies obtain good prediction result all.
Lin, Shiu-ping, and 林修平. "Application of Principal Components Analysis and Artifical Neural Networks on Quality Predictionof Effluent in Wastewater Treatment Plant." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31259099742037576676.
Повний текст джерела立德管理學院
資源環境研究所
94
The variety of factories and their products in the industrial park has contributed to the dramatic change of influent water quality and influent flow rate of wastewater treatment plant in the industrial park as well as increase the uncertainty of operations management. On the basis of the influent of wastewater treatment plant and the operating conditions of each processing element, the effluent water quality can be calculated accurately and punctually. By this way, operating conditions of wastewater treatment plant can be adjusted or modified in time which is very beneficial to the operations management of wastewater treatment plant. Previous studies in relation with the calculation of effluent water quality of wastewater treatment plant have only applied neural networks and simulation. However, little concern has been paid to the engineering practices. There are multiple and interrelated input parameters pertaining to characteristics of effluent water quality. To consider both perspectives of numerical analysis and engineering practice and the rationality, the present study aims to apply principal component analysis which is widely used to complete the screening of input parameters in the case of the most complicated activated sludge system of wastewater treatment plant. Due to the reason that each component contains all input parameters, such method can present from selecting the main parameters inconsistent with that of real practice, lessen the unnecessary input parameters efficiently and preserve the basic information from original data structure so as to promote the process of back-propagation neural networks. Data were collected and based on the monitoring parameter and operating parameter from wastewater treatment plant of industrial park located in southern Taiwan from August, 2000 to September, 2002. First, principal component analysis was used to gain the new parameters. Then, the hydraulic retention time of each processing element is used to determine the influence order. Through back-propagation neural networks, the calculation of final effluent water quality of activated sludge system of wastewater treatment plant of industrial part is proved to be more effective than the calculation from conventional neural networks. Finally, after improved tests, the historical value of calculation items and the new parameters derived from principal component analysis can be employed to calculate COD of effluent water quality and the concentration of SS. After calculation, the results show that the test correlation coefficients are 0.774 and 0.706 respectively.
Wei, Te-Ming, and 魏德明. "Use of constructed wetlands to purify the effluent from a wastewater treatment plant in metal processing industries." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76682113964509224254.
Повний текст джерела嘉南藥理科技大學
環境工程與科學系碩士班
96
In the early years, the traditional metal processing industries used to make an impression on people as contamination creators. However, along with the awareness of environmental consciousness, we, as members of the global village, cannot put ourselves aside anymore. While on the basis of Corporate Social Responsibility, not only should we conform to the statute, but also take actions to alleviate the environmental impact and achieve the goal of corporate sustainable development. The focus of the study is on the treatment of the effluent from a wastewater treatment plant in a metal processing company by using constructed wetland systems to re-purify the wastewater and diminish the environmental impact. In which system, there are three units, including a FWS (free water surface flow) wetland, an Eco-Pond and a grassed ditch, that occpupy about 2,107m2 of water surface area. During this study, the flowrate of influent wastewater to the constructed wetland system averaged 131m3/d. Aiming at the metals content, we analyzed the water quality, sediment, vegetation and every element in the water, and checked out if sediment, vegetation and other mediums were regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency. The result of the analysis in water quality indicated that the wetland system further reduced the influent BOD with 58.5% that was than COD removal of 20.5%. Nitrogen and phosphorous removal by the wetland system was 33.3 % and 12 %, respectively. We supposed that the pollutant concentration of influent wastewater was low too and could affect the resulted removal efficiency. The reduction of metals from influent to effluent of the wetland system was 94.0% for Cr, 61.2% for Cu, 60.8% for Ni, 47.8% for Zn, 47.1% for Mn, 35.6% for Pb. Besides, the analysis result of sediment showed that the content of Fe and Al were higher than other metals, and the climax of the metal contents was at the inlet zone of the FWS wetland. Furthermore, the concentration of metals, particularly for Cu, Cr, Mn, and Pb, decreased gradually along the route of the flow path. In addition, the result of the analysis in vegetation (water spinach) harvested from the wetland system showed that the content of Fe and Al were higher than other metals. To compare with the normal concentration in ordinary plants, only the content of Cu in the harvested vegetation surpassed the regular range. For food safety concern, the content of Fe in the harvested vegetation was lower than that in the same species of vegetation purchased from markets, while the contents of Pb, Zn, and Mn were little higher. However, Cd wasn’t found in the both vegetation samples. According to the outcome of the experiment, we discovered that constructed wetlands did have good effects on improving water quality by re-purifying the effluent from the wastewater treatment plant of the metal processing company, and the accumulation of metal concentration in wetland plants and sediments were both below the related regulatory standards. However, due to the time limit, long-term monitoring and investigation should be needed in order to have a definite conclusion.