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1
Azziz, Aicha, Wafa Safar, Yang Xiang, Mathieu Edely, and Marc Lamy de la Chapelle. "Sensing performances of commercial SERS substrates." Journal of Molecular Structure 1248 (January 2022): 131519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131519.
2
Guicheteau, J. A., A. Tripathi, E. D. Emmons, S. D. Christesen, and Augustus W. Fountain. "Reassessing SERS enhancement factors: using thermodynamics to drive substrate design." Faraday Discussions 205 (2017): 547–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7fd00141j.
Анотація:
Over the past 40 years fundamental and application research into Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) has been explored by academia, industry, and government laboratories. To date however, SERS has achieved little commercial success as an analytical technique. Researchers are tackling a variety of paths to help break through the commercial barrier by addressing the reproducibility in both the SERS substrates and SERS signals as well as continuing to explore the underlying mechanisms. To this end, investigators use a variety of methodologies, typically studying strongly binding analytes such as aromatic thiols and azarenes, and report SERS enhancement factor calculations. However a drawback of the traditional SERS enhancement factor calculation is that it does not yield enough information to understand substrate reproducibility, application potential with another analyte, or the driving factors behind the molecule–metal interaction. Our work at the US Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center has focused on these questions and we have shown that thermodynamic principles play a key role in the SERS response and are an essential factor in future designs of substrates and applications. This work will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various experimental techniques used to report SERS enhancement with planar SERS substrates and present our alternative SERS enhancement value. We will report on three types of analysis scenarios that all yield different information concerning the effectiveness of the SERS substrate, practical application of the substrate, and finally the thermodynamic properties of the substrate. We believe that through this work a greater understanding for designing substrates will be achieved, one that is based on both thermodynamic and plasmonic properties as opposed to just plasmonic properties. This new understanding and potential change in substrate design will enable more applications for SERS based methodologies including targeting molecules that are traditionally not easily detected with SERS due to the perceived weak molecule–metal interaction of substrates.
3
Giordano, Andrea N., and Rahul Rao. "Beyond the Visible: A Review of Ultraviolet Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrate Compositions, Morphologies, and Performance." Nanomaterials 13, no. 15 (July 26, 2023): 2177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13152177.
Анотація:
The first observation of ultraviolet surface-enhanced Raman scattering (UV-SERS) was 20 years ago, yet the field has seen a slower development pace than its visible and near-infrared counterparts. UV excitation for SERS offers many potential advantages. These advantages include increased scattering intensity, higher spatial resolution, resonance Raman enhancement from organic, biological, and semiconductor analytes, probing UV photoluminescence, and mitigating visible photoluminescence from analytes or substrates. One of the main challenges is the lack of readily accessible, effective, and reproducible UV-SERS substrates, with few commercial sources available. In this review, we evaluate the reported UV-SERS substrates in terms of their elemental composition, substrate morphology, and performance. We assess the best-performing substrates with regard to their enhancement factors and limits of detection in both the ultraviolet and deep ultraviolet regions. Even though aluminum nanostructures were the most reported and best-performing substrates, we also highlighted some unique UV-SERS composition and morphology substrate combinations. We address the challenges and potential opportunities in the field of UV-SERS, especially in relation to the development of commercially available, cost-effective substrates. Lastly, we discuss potential application areas for UV-SERS, including cost-effective detection of environmentally and militarily relevant analytes, in situ and operando experimentation, defect engineering, development of materials for extreme environments, and biosensing.
4
Almaviva, S., S. Botti, L. Cantarini, R. Fantoni, S. Lecci, A. Palucci, A. Puiu, and A. Rufoloni. "Ultrasensitive RDX detection with commercial SERS substrates." Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 45, no. 1 (November 21, 2013): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.4413.
5
Alder, Rhiannon, Jungmi Hong, Edith Chow, Jinghua Fang, Fabio Isa, Bryony Ashford, Christophe Comte, et al. "Application of Plasma-Printed Paper-Based SERS Substrate for Cocaine Detection." Sensors 21, no. 3 (January 26, 2021): 810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21030810.
Анотація:
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technology is an attractive method for the prompt and accurate on-site screening of illicit drugs. As portable Raman systems are available for on-site screening, the readiness of SERS technology for sensing applications is predominantly dependent on the accuracy, stability and cost-effectiveness of the SERS strip. An atmospheric-pressure plasma-assisted chemical deposition process that can deposit an even distribution of nanogold particles in a one-step process has been developed. The process was used to print a nanogold film on a paper-based substrate using a HAuCl4 solution precursor. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis demonstrates that the gold has been fully reduced and that subsequent plasma post-treatment decreases the carbon content of the film. Results for cocaine detection using this substrate were compared with two commercial SERS substrates, one based on nanogold on paper and the currently available best commercial SERS substrate based on an Ag pillar structure. A larger number of bands associated with cocaine was detected using the plasma-printed substrate than the commercial substrates across a range of cocaine concentrations from 1 to 5000 ng/mL. A detection limit as low as 1 ng/mL cocaine with high spatial uniformity was demonstrated with the plasma-printed substrate. It is shown that the plasma-printed substrate can be produced at a much lower cost than the price of the commercial substrate.
6
Liu, Yu, Yang Zhang, Morgan Tardivel, Médéric Lequeux, Xueping Chen, Wei Liu, Jiaoqi Huang, et al. "Evaluation of the Reliability of Six Commercial SERS Substrates." Plasmonics 15, no. 3 (December 9, 2019): 743–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11468-019-01084-8.
7
Takei, Hiroyuki, Kazuki Nagata, Natalie Frese, Armin Gölzhäuser, and Takayuki Okamoto. "Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Molecule Characterization: HIM Investigation into Sources of SERS Activity of Silver-Coated Butterfly Scales." Nanomaterials 11, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 1741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11071741.
Анотація:
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a powerful technique for obtaining structural information of molecules in solution at low concentrations. While commercial SERS substrates are available, high costs prevent their wide-spread use in the medical field. One solution is to prepare requisite noble metal nanostructures exploiting natural nanostructures. As an example of biomimetic approaches, butterfly wing scales with their intricate nanostructures have been found to exhibit exquisite SERS activity when coated with silver. Selecting appropriate scales from particular butterfly species and depositing silver of certain thicknesses leads to significant SERS activity. For morphological observations we used scanning electron microscopes as well as a helium ion microscope, highly suitable for morphological characterization of poorly conducting samples. In this paper, we describe a protocol for carrying out SERS measurements based on butterfly wing scales and demonstrate its LOD with a common Raman reporter, rhodamine 6 G. We also emphasize what special care is necessary in such measurements. We also try to shed light on what makes scales work as SERS substrates by carefully modifying the original nanostructures. Such a study allows us to either use scales directly as a raw material for SERS substrate or provides an insight as to what nanostructures need to be recreated for synthetic SERS substrates.
8
Bai, Shi, Yongjun Du, Chunyan Wang, Jian Wu, and Koji Sugioka. "Reusable Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Substrates Made of Silicon Nanowire Array Coated with Silver Nanoparticles Fabricated by Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching and Photonic Reduction." Nanomaterials 9, no. 11 (October 28, 2019): 1531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9111531.
Анотація:
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has advanced over the last four decades and has become an attractive tool for highly sensitive analysis in fields such as medicine and environmental monitoring. Recently, there has been an urgent demand for reusable and long-lived SERS substrates as a means of reducing the costs associated with this technique To this end, we fabricated a SERS substrate comprising a silicon nanowire array coated with silver nanoparticles, using metal-assisted chemical etching followed by photonic reduction. The morphology and growth mechanism of the SERS substrate were carefully examined and the performance of the fabricated SERS substrate was tested using rhodamine 6G and dopamine hydrochloride. The data show that this new substrate provides an enhancement factor of nearly 1 × 108. This work demonstrates that a silicon nanowire array coated with silver nanoparticles is sensitive and sufficiently robust to allow repeated reuse. These results suggest that this newly developed technique could allow SERS to be used in many commercial applications.
9
Wang, Jianchao, Hongsheng Luo, Xuliang Song, Xihong Zu, Jie Zhang, Yuxin Gu, and Guobin Yi. "Superhydrophobic Ag–Cu Composite Metal Film as Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrate." Nano 13, no. 07 (July 2018): 1850083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292018500832.
Анотація:
In this paper, a superhydrophobic Ag–Cu composite metal film was fabricated as surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrate. Ag–Cu composite metal film was prepared from galvanic displacement on commercial copper foil. The prepared silver films were modified by PFDT to create a stable superhydrophobic SERS platform. Superhydrophobic substrates were characterized by a variety of characterization methods, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis, XPS and Raman spectra. The superhydrophobic substrate could enrich probing molecules with the volatilization of solvent. Mathematical model was presented and applied to investigate concentration factor of hydrophobic substrate. The measurements were in good agreement with the calculation results. The superhydrophobic Ag–Cu composite metal film can reduce the detection limits and provide a new way to prepare efficient SERS substrates for ultra-low concentration detection.
10
Liu, Jia, Yao Yan, Zimu Zhang, Yuchen Liu, Jia Ge, and Zisheng Guan. "A Simple Method for the Fabrication of Silicon Inverted Pyramid Substrates for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy." Materials 16, no. 10 (May 10, 2023): 3634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16103634.
Анотація:
Silicon inverted pyramids have been shown to exhibit superior SERS properties compared to ortho-pyramids, yet low-cost, simple preparation processes are lacking at present. This study demonstrates a simple method, silver-assisted chemical etching combined with PVP, to construct silicon inverted pyramids with a uniform size distribution. Two types of Si substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) were prepared via silver nanoparticles deposited on the silicon inverted pyramids by electroless deposition and radiofrequency sputtering, respectively. The experiments were conducted using rhodamine 6G (R6G), methylene blue (MB) and amoxicillin (AMX) molecules to test the SERS properties of the Si substrates with inverted pyramids. The results indicate that the SERS substrates show high sensitivity to detect the above molecules. In particular, the sensitivity and reproducibility of the SERS substrates with a denser silver nanoparticle distribution, prepared by radiofrequency sputtering, are significantly higher than those of the electroless deposited substrates to detect R6G molecules. This study sheds light on a potential low-cost and stable method for preparing silicon inverted pyramids, which is expected to replace the costly commercial Klarite SERS substrates.
11
Simonenko, Nikolay P., Andrey G. Musaev, Tatiana L. Simonenko, Philipp Yu Gorobtsov, Ivan A. Volkov, Alexander A. Gulin, Elizaveta P. Simonenko, Vladimir G. Sevastyanov, and Nikolay T. Kuznetsov. "Hydrothermal Synthesis of Ag Thin Films and Their SERS Application." Nanomaterials 12, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12010136.
Анотація:
In this article, a facile, one-step method for the formation of silver thin-film nanostructures on the surface of Al2O3 substrates using the hydrothermal method is proposed. The dependence of the SERS effect intensity of the formed films during the detection of methylene blue (MB) low concentrations on the synthesis conditions, additional temperature treatment, and laser radiation wavelength (532 and 780 nm) in comparison with similar dye films on commercial SERS substrates is shown. The detection limit of the analyte used for the indicated lasers is estimated. The effect of the synthesis temperature on the particle size, crystal structure, and microstructure features of the obtained thin films based on silver nanoparticles is demonstrated. Using spreading resistance microscopy, the interface between the substrate and Ag particles is studied, and the dependence of the size of the corresponding gap between them and the nature of microstructural defects on the parameters of hydrothermal treatment of reaction systems in the presence of Al2O3 substrates is shown. As a result of the study, the factors associated with the properties of the obtained SERS substrates and the parameters of recording the spectra, which affect the amplification factor of the spectral lines intensity of the analyte, are revealed.
12
Amicucci, Chiara, Cristiano D’Andrea, Marella de Angelis, Martina Banchelli, Roberto Pini, and Paolo Matteini. "Cost Effective Silver Nanowire-Decorated Graphene Paper for Drop-On SERS Biodetection." Nanomaterials 11, no. 6 (June 4, 2021): 1495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11061495.
Анотація:
The use of SERS for real-world bioanalytical applications represents a concrete opportunity, which, however, is being largely delayed by the inadequacy of existing substrates used to collect SERS spectra. In particular, the main bottleneck is their poor usability, as in the case of unsupported noble metal colloidal nanoparticles or because of the need for complex or highly specialized fabrication procedures, especially in view of a large-scale commercial diffusion. In this work, we introduce a graphene paper-supported plasmonic substrate for biodetection as obtained by a simple and rapid aerosol deposition patterning of silver nanowires. This substrate is compatible with the analysis of small (2 μL) analyte drops, providing stable SERS signals at sub-millimolar concentration and a detection limit down to the nanogram level in the case of hemoglobin. The presence of a graphene underlayer assures an even surface distribution of SERS hotspots with improved stability of the SERS signal, the collection of well-resolved and intense SERS spectra, and an ultra-flat and photostable SERS background in comparison with other popular disposable supports.
13
Aitekenov, Sultan, Alisher Sultangaziyev, Aigerim Boranova, Aigerim Dyussupova, Aisha Ilyas, Abduzhappar Gaipov, and Rostislav Bukasov. "SERS for Detection of Proteinuria: A Comparison of Gold, Silver, Al Tape, and Silicon Substrates for Identification of Elevated Protein Concentration in Urine." Sensors 23, no. 3 (February 1, 2023): 1605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031605.
Анотація:
Excessive protein excretion in human urine is an early and sensitive marker of diabetic nephropathy and primary and secondary renal disease. Kidney problems, particularly chronic kidney disease, remain among the few growing causes of mortality in the world. Therefore, it is important to develop an efficient, expressive, and low-cost method for protein determination. Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) methods are potential candidates to achieve these criteria. In this paper, a SERS method was developed to distinguish patients with proteinuria from the healthy group. Commercial gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with diameters of 60 nm and 100 nm, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with a diameter of 100 nm were tested on the surface of four different substrates including silver and gold films, silicon, and aluminum tape. SERS spectra were acquired from 111 unique human urine samples prepared and measured for each of the seven different nanoparticle plus substrate combinations. Data analysis by the PCA-LDA algorithm and the ROC curves gave results for the diagnostic figures of merits. The best sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and AUC were 0.91, 0.84, 0.88, and 0.94 for the set with 100 nm Au NPs on the silver substrate, respectively. Among the three metal substrates, the substrate with AuNPs and Al tape performed slightly worse than the other three substrates, and 100 nm gold nanoparticles on average produced better results than 60 nm gold nanoparticles. The 60 nm diameter AuNPs and silicon, which is about one order of magnitude more cost-effective than AuNPs and gold film, showed a relative performance close to the performance of 60 nm AuNPs and Au film (average AUC 0.88 (Si) vs. 0.89 (Au)). This is likely the first reported application of unmodified silicon in SERS substrates applied for direct detection of proteins in any biofluid, particularly in urine. These results position silicon and AuNPs@Si in particular as a perspective SERS substrate for direct urine analysis, including clinical diagnostics of proteinuria.
14
Zhang, Jingran, Yongda Yan, Peng Miao, and Jianxiong Cai. "Fabrication of gold-coated PDMS surfaces with arrayed triangular micro/nanopyramids for use as SERS substrates." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 8 (November 1, 2017): 2271–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.8.227.
Анотація:
Using the tip-based continuous indentation process, arrays of three-dimensional pyramidal cavities have been successfully machined on a copper template and the structures were successfully transferred to a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface using a reverse nanoimprinting approach. The structured PDMS surface is coated with a thin Au film, and the final substrate is demonstrated as a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate. Rhodamine 6G (R6G) was used as a probe molecule in the present study to confirm the SERS measurements. Arrays of micro/nanostructures of different dimensions were formed by the overlap of pyramidal cavities with different adjacent distances using the tip-based continuous indentation process. The effects of the reverse nanoimprinting process and coating process on the final topography of the structures are studied. The experimental results show that the Raman intensity of the Au-film-coated PDMS substrate is influenced by the topography of the micro/nanostructures and by the thickness of the Au film. The Raman intensity of 1362 cm−1 R6G peak on the structured Au-film-coated PDMS substrate is about 8 times higher than the SERS tests on a commercial substrate (Q-SERS). A SERS enhancement factor ranging from 7.5 × 105 to 6 × 106 was achieved using the structured Au-film-coated PDMS surface, and it was demonstrated that the method proposed in this paper is reliable, replicable, homogeneous and low-cost for the fabrication of SERS substrates.
15
Bukasov, Rostislav, Alisher Sultangaziyev, Zhanar Kunushpayeva, Alisher Rapikov, and Dina Dossym. "Aluminum Foil vs. Gold Film: Cost-Effective Substrate in Sandwich SERS Immunoassays of Biomarkers Reveals Potential for Selectivity Improvement." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 6 (March 14, 2023): 5578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065578.
Анотація:
The first application of aluminum foil (Al F) as a low-cost/high-availability substrate for sandwich immunoassay using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is reported. Untreated and unmodified Al F and gold film are used as substrates for sandwich SERS immunoassay to detect tuberculosis biomarker MPT64 and human immunoglobulin (hIgG) in less than 24 h. The limits of detection (LODs) for tuberculosis (TB) biomarker MPT64 on Al foil, obtained with commercial antibodies, are about 1.8–1.9 ng/mL, which is comparable to the best LOD (2.1 ng/mL) reported in the literature for sandwich ELISA, made with fresh in-house antibodies. Not only is Al foil competitive with traditional SERS substrate gold for the sandwich SERS immunoassay in terms of LOD, which is in the range 18–30 pM or less than 1 pmol of human IgG, but it also has a large cost/availability advantage over gold film. Moreover, human IgG assays on Al foil and Si showed better selectivity (by about 30–70% on Al foil and at least eightfold on Si) and a nonspecific response to rat or rabbit IgG, in comparison to the selectivity in assays using gold film.
16
Zhou, Lan, Simone Poggesi, Giuliocesare Casari Bariani, Rakesh Mittapalli, Pierre-Michel Adam, Marisa Manzano, and Rodica Elena Ionescu. "Robust SERS Platforms Based on Annealed Gold Nanostructures Formed on Ultrafine Glass Substrates for Various (Bio)Applications." Biosensors 9, no. 2 (April 10, 2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios9020053.
Анотація:
In this study, stable gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are fabricated for the first time on commercial ultrafine glass coverslips coated with gold thin layers (2 nm, 4 nm, 6 nm, and 8 nm) at 25 °C and annealed at high temperatures (350 °C, 450 °C, and 550 °C) on a hot plate for different periods of time. Such gold nanostructured coverslips were systematically tested via surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to identify their spectral performances in the presence of different concentrations of a model molecule, namely 1,2-bis-(4-pyridyl)-ethene (BPE). By using these SERS platforms, it is possible to detect BPE traces (10−12 M) in aqueous solutions in 120 s. The stability of SERS spectra over five weeks of thiol-DNA probe (2 µL) deposited on gold nano-structured coverslip is also reported.
17
Lee, Eunji, and Sangwoo Ryu. "Nucleation and Growth-Controlled Facile Fabrication of Gold Nanoporous Structures for Highly Sensitive Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Applications." Nanomaterials 11, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 1463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11061463.
Анотація:
The fabrication of porous metal structures usually involves complicated processes such as lithography or etching. In this study, a facile and clean method based on thermal evaporation at high pressure is introduced, by which a highly porous, black colored structure of Au can be formed through the control of homogeneous nucleation and growth during evaporation. The deposited films have different morphologies, from columnar to nanoporous structures, depending on the working pressure. These porous structures consist of Au nanoparticle aggregates, and a large number of nano-gaps are found among the nanoparticles. Thus, these structures indicate a much higher intensity of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) when compared with commercial SERS substrates. The SERS intensity depends on the working pressure and thickness. Even circumstances that can induce agglomeration of nanoparticle aggregates do not deteriorate the sensitivity of SERS. These nanoporous structures based on high-pressure thermal evaporation are expected to provide a new platform for the development of low-cost and highly sensitive chemical sensors.
18
Tadi, Sai Ratnakar, Ashwini G. Shenoy, Anirudh Bharadwaj, Sreelakshmi C S, Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay, Kapil Sadani, and Pooja Nag. "Recent advances in the design of SERS substrates and sensing systems for (bio)sensing applications: Systems from single cell to single molecule detection." F1000Research 13 (June 21, 2024): 670. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.149263.1.
Анотація:
The Raman effect originates from spontaneous inelastic scattering of photons by matter. These photons provide a characteristic fingerprint of this matter, and are extensively utilized for chemical and biological sensing. The probability of generation, and hence the detection of these Raman scattered photons, is very low; hence, it is difficult to use this directly for sensing in complex matrices. To amplify this signal, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been extensively investigated and has emerged as a powerful analytical tool for sensing diverse analytes, including ions, small molecules, inorganics, organics, radionucleotides, and cells. Plasmonic nanoparticles, called hotspots, exhibit localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). This amplifies the Raman signal and may offer up to a 1010-fold SERS signal enhancement. The development of SERS active substrates requires further consideration and optimization of several critical features such as surface periodicity, hotspot density, mitigation of sample or surface autofluorescence, tuning of surface hydrophilicities, use of specific (bio) recognition elements with suitable linkers and bioconjugation chemistries, and use of appropriate optics to obtain relevant sensing outcomes in terms of sensitivity, cross-sensitivity, limit of detection, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), stability, shelf-life, and disposability. This article details the optimization of the aforementioned considerations in the use of disposable materials such as commercial grades of paper, textiles, glasses, polymers, and some specific substrates such as blue-ray digital versatile discs (DVDs) for use as SERS-active substrates for point-of-use (POU) sensing applications. The advancements in these technologies have been reviewed and critiqued for analyte detection in resource-limited settings, highlighting the prospects of applications ranging from single-molecule to single-cell detection.
19
Camerlingo, C., M. Portaccio, I. Delfino, and M. Lepore. "Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Monitoring Extravirgin Olive Oil Bioactive Components." Journal of Chemistry 2019 (February 3, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9537419.
Анотація:
Olive oil is the main fat source of the Mediterranean diet. This seasoning ingredient is highly appreciated for its unique taste, functional properties, and positive impact on human health. The determination of chemical composition is a demanding task in order to fully characterize this precious food product, ensure its quality, and prevent fraudulent practices. Among innovative techniques proposed for the oil analysis, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) can be an extremely useful tool for olive oil characterization. In this frame, we have investigated five noncommercial olive oils produced in different parts of South Italy by using a commercial Raman microspectroscopy apparatus and home-made signal-enhancing SERS substrates. A wavelet-based data analysis has allowed us to efficiently remove the background and the noise from the acquired spectra. The analysis of these SERS spectra has enabled the quantification of the relative contents of carotene, oleic acid, and phenols. These relative contents differ in the examined samples. In addition, SERS response in the lipid region has indicated differences in the relative abundance of saturated fatty acids. The present results confirm the validity of the SERS technique as a rapid, nondestructive, and reliable analytical technique for identifying olive oil bioactive components.
20
Brezeștean, Ioana Andreea, Ana Maria Raluca Gherman, Alia Colniță, Nicoleta Elena Dina, Csilla Müller Molnár, Daniel Marconi, Vasile Chiș, Ioan-Leontin David, and Simona Cîntă-Pînzaru. "Detection and Characterization of Nodularin by Using Label-Free Surface-Enhanced Spectroscopic Techniques." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 24 (December 12, 2022): 15741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415741.
Анотація:
Nodularin (NOD) is a potent toxin produced by Nodularia spumigena cyanobacteria. Usually, NOD co-exists with other microcystins in environmental waters, a class of cyanotoxins secreted by certain cyanobacteria species, which makes identification difficult in the case of mixed toxins. Herein we report a complete theoretical DFT-vibrational Raman characterization of NOD along with the experimental drop-coating deposition Raman (DCDR) technique. In addition, we used the vibrational characterization to probe SERS analysis of NOD using colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), commercial nanopatterned substrates with periodic inverted pyramids (KlariteTM substrate), hydrophobic Tienta® SpecTrimTM slides, and in-house fabricated periodic nanotrenches by nanoimprint lithography (NIL). The 532 nm excitation source provided more well-defined bands even at LOD levels, as well as the best performance in terms of SERS intensity. This was reflected by the results obtained with the KlariteTM substrate and the silver-based colloidal system, which were the most promising detection approaches, providing the lowest limits of detection. A detection limit of 8.4 × 10−8 M was achieved for NOD in solution by using AgNPs. Theoretical computation of the complex vibrational modes of NOD was used for the first time to unambiguously assign all the specific vibrational Raman bands.
21
Dernaika, H., S. V. Chong, C. G. Artur та J. L. Tallon. "Spectroscopic Identification of Neurotoxin Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (TETS) Captured by Supramolecular Receptorβ-Cyclodextrin Immobilized on Nanostructured Gold Surfaces". Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/207258.
Анотація:
We report on the spectroscopic identification of tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (TETS), a deadly neurotoxic rodenticide, captured on plasmonic substrates using supramolecular guest-host functionality. Commercial nanopatterned surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) active substrates were self-assembled with hostβ-cyclodextrin (CD) and the captured TETS was readily identified by X-ray photoelectron (XPS) and infrared spectroscopy, but not with Raman. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation was carried out to determine the Raman scattering cross section of TETS to gauge its Raman scattering efficiency in the preresonant 633 nm excitation region. This was found to be lower than 10−29 cm2/sr, much lower than that of a dye molecule commonly used in SERS experiment. We explain the nondetection of TETS by Raman based on a combined intrinsically weak Raman scattering cross section and their low surface concentration, where XPS only shows a surface coverage of less than 0.02 monolayer with respect to the total number of gold sites. Comparing this to our own CD-decorated 10 nm gold nanoparticles (NPs) surface, we found that the inherently greater surface area provided by the NPs increases the amount of CD present (per unit area), giving our surface the capability to detect both the receptor and TETS via attenuated total reflectance (ATR) FTIR.
22
Murcia-Correa, L. S., O. C. Usuriaga, Lucia Vieira, and L. Raniero. "SERS-active substrates using DVD-R coated in silver thin films: A preliminary study for detection of commercial glyphosate." Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 302 (December 2023): 123017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2023.123017.
23
Zhang, Boxin, Xingwei Hou, Cheng Zhen, and Alan X. Wang. "Sub-Part-Per-Billion Level Sensing of Fentanyl Residues from Wastewater Using Portable Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Sensing." Biosensors 11, no. 10 (October 3, 2021): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11100370.
Анотація:
Detection of illicit drug residues from wastewater provides a new route toward community-level assessment of drug abuse that is critical to public health. However, traditional chemistry analytical tools such as high-performance liquid chromatography in tandem with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) cannot meet the large-scale testing requirement in terms of cost, promptness, and convenience of use. In this article, we demonstrated ultra-sensitive and portable surface-enhanced Raman scattering sensing (SERS) of fentanyl, a synthetic opioid, from sewage water and achieved quantitative analysis through principal component analysis and partial least-squares regression. The SERS substrates adopted in this application were synthesized by in situ growth of silver nanoparticles on diatomaceous earth films, which show ultra-high sensitivity down to 10 parts per trillion in artificially contaminated tap water in the lab using a commercial portable Raman spectrometer. Based on training data from artificially contaminated tap water, we predicted the fentanyl concentration in the sewage water from a wastewater treatment plant to be 0.8 parts per billion (ppb). As a comparison, the HPLC-MS confirmed the fentanyl concentration was below 1 ppb but failed to provide a specific value of the concentration since the concentration was too low. In addition, we further proved the validity of our SERS sensing technique by comparing SERS results from multiple sewage water treatment plants, and the results are consistent with the public health data from our local health authority. Such SERS sensing technique with ultra-high sensitivity down to sub-ppb level proved its feasibility for point-of-care detection of illicit drugs from sewage water, which is crucial to assess public health.
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Liu, W., V. V. Shutova, G. V. Maksimov, J. Hao та Y. He. "Use of Nanostructured Silver Substrates (Coatings) to Study the Content and Conformation of β-carotene". Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Natural Sciences, № 2 (101) (квітень 2022): 112–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/1812-3368-2022-2-112-124.
Анотація:
Interest in the industrial production of plant and microalgal biomass for biofuels and bioproducts has stimulated studies on microalgal physiology and mechanisms of valuable biomolecules synthesis and accumulation in algal cells. One of the most investigated biomolecules for commercial application are neutral lipids and carotenoids. However, until now the mechanism of the influence of different ambient factors, including application of inductors, on biosynthesis and accumulation of these molecules is not well understood. Partially, the lack of such knowledge is due to restricted technique of investigation. Raman Spectroscopy is one of the advanced methods of cell physiology investigation, which can fill some gaps in our understanding of such processes. The current techniques used in the papers presented show the advantages and other essential specifics of the method applied to plants (most importantly, microalgae) and other species/objects. It was found that the use of a substrate allows to enhance the Raman signal when diluting the sample by 105--106 times, at a substance concentration of 10--9 mol/l. In SERS conditions (i.e., mixing silver colloids to blood sample) hem markers show up, while in normal Raman conditions resonance enhancement allows direct observation of β-carotene features. This highlights the versatility of Raman technique and the prospects for biology and clinical chemistry
25
Atanasov, Petar, Anna Dikovska, Rosen Nikov, Genoveva Atanasova, Katarzyna Grochowska, Jakub Karczewski, Naoki Fukata, Wipakorn Jevasuwan, and Nikolay Nedyalkov. "Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Ammonium Nitrate Using Al Structures, Fabricated by Laser Processing of AlN Ceramic." Materials 17, no. 10 (May 10, 2024): 2254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17102254.
Анотація:
This work presents results on laser-induced surface structuring of AlN ceramic and its application in Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS). The laser processing is performed by nanosecond pulses in air and vacuum. Depending on the processing conditions, different surface morphology can be obtained. The ablation process is realized by ceramic decomposition as the formation of an aluminium layer is detected. The efficiency of the fabricated structures as active substrates in SERS is estimated by the ability of the detection of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3). It is conducted for Raman spectrometer systems that operate at wavelengths of 514 and 785 nm where the most common commercial systems work. The obtained structures contribute to enhancement of the Raman signal at both wavelengths, as the efficiency is higher for excitation at 514 nm. The limit of detection (LOD) of ammonium nitrate is estimated to be below the maximum allowed value in drinking water. The analysis of the obtained results was based on the calculations of the near field enhancement at different conditions based on Finite Difference Time Domain simulation and the extinction spectra calculations based on Generalized Mie scattering theory. The structures considered in these simulations were taken from the SEM images of the real samples. The oxidation issue of the ablated surface was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The presented results indicated that laser structuring of AlN ceramics is a way for fabrication of Al structures with specific near-field properties that can be used for the detection of substances with high social impact.
26
Nguyen Thi, Bich Ngoc, Viet Ha Chu, Thi Thuy Nguyen, Trong Nghia Nguyen, and Hong Nhung Tran. "Optimization and Characterization of Paper-based SERS Substrates for Detection of Melamine." Communications in Physics 30, no. 4 (October 20, 2020): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0868-3166/30/0/14832.
Анотація:
A flexible low-cost paper-based surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate was successfully manufactured by a direct chemical reduction of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) onto a common commercially available filter paper. Characterization of fabricated paper-based SERS substrate and the influences of the silver nitrate concentration, type of paper on SERS signal were systematically investigated. In order to fabricate SERS substrates with the highest quality, a suitable one from four different types of filter papers was chosen. The prepared SERS substrates have capability for detecting food toxic chemicals. The test of detecting melamine in aqueous solution was successfully demonstrated with the limit of detection for melamine is 10-7M.
27
Endo, Tatsuro, Hirotaka Yamada, and Kenji Yamada. "Template Stripping Method-Based Au Nanoarray for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Detection of Antiepileptic Drug." Micromachines 11, no. 10 (October 14, 2020): 936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11100936.
Анотація:
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a potential candidate for highly sensitive detection of target molecules. A SERS active substrate with a noble metal nanostructure is required for this. However, a SERS active substrate requires complicated fabrication procedures. This in turn makes it difficult to fabricate highly sensitive SERS active substrates with high reproducibility. To overcome this difficulty, a plasmonic crystal (PC) with periodic noble metal nanostructures was fabricated via the template-stripping method using a polymer-based template. Using SERS active substrates, SERS was successfully achieved using the PC by detecting low concentrations of phenobarbital which is an antiepileptic drug using a commercially available portable Raman module. The PC can be fabricated by demolding the deposited gold layer from a polymer-based template. This method is rapid, economic, and has high reproducibility. SERS can be achieved easily using this PC for a wide variety of applications such as medical, pharmaceutical, and environmental protection.
28
Szabo, Nancy J., and James D. Winefordner. "Evaluation of Two Commercially Available TLC Materials as SER Substrates." Applied Spectroscopy 51, no. 7 (July 1997): 965–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702971941629.
Анотація:
Two commercially available thin-layer chromatographic plates were evaluated as substrates for routine analysis by surface-enhanced Raman spectrometry (SERS). One plate was purchased precoated with silver; the other was coated in-house via chemical reduction. The use of SERS as a detection method for thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was also considered. To this end, a mixture of commonly used sulfonamides was separated and detected directly from each plate. The mobilities of the sulfa drugs were not strongly affected by the silver, but Raman response was weak and analyte degradation was apparent. Improvement was found through modification of the surface by adding a thin film of water to the substrate. Overall substrate performance was evaluated with the use of crystal violet as the model analyte in both dry and dampened states. Signal vs. concentration curves were linear across at least two orders of magnitude with limits of detection in the low- to sub-ng range (total analyte applied). Under routine preparation and analysis procedures, reproducibility was generally <30%, but improved to ∼10% when greater care was applied. Typical spectra for two compound series having a variety of functional groups were obtained, showing the substrates to be moderately active.
29
Conceição, Beatriz Santos, Luiz Antonio Lima, José Antonio Do Vale Sant'Ana, and Michael Silveira Thebaldi. "DISPONIBILIDADE HÍDRICA E CINÉTICA DA LIBERAÇÃO DE POTÁSSIO EM DIFERENTES SUBSTRATOS PARA PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS." IRRIGA 20, no. 3 (October 12, 2015): 602–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2015v20n3p602.
Анотація:
DISPONIBILIDADE HÍDRICA E CINÉTICA DA LIBERAÇÃO DE POTÁSSIO EM DIFERENTES SUBSTRATOS PARA PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS BEATRIZ SANTOS CONCEIÇÃO¹; LUIZ ANTÔNIO LIMA²; JOSÉ ANTONIO DO VALE SANT’ANA³ E MICHAEL SILVEIRA THEBALDI4 ¹ Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola ,UFV, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa – MG. CEP: 36570-900, e-mail: biasantos1@hotmail.com² Departamento de Engenharia, UFLA, Caixa Postal 3037, Lavras-MG, e-mail: lalima@deg.ufla.br³Departamento de Engenharia, UFLA, Caixa Postal 3037, Lavras-MG, e-mail: zinhojaves@yahoo.com.br4Departamento de Engenharia, UFLA, Caixa Postal 3037, Lavras-MG, e-mail: michaelsilveira@gmail.com 1 RESUMO O uso de substratos que satisfaça de forma adequada às exigências de retenção hídrica e nutricionais contribui para produção de plantas com melhor qualidade. O objetivo desse trabalho foi determinar curvas características de retenção de água, e avaliar a cinética de liberação de potássio de seis substratos para produção de mudas. Os substratos avaliados eram materiais comerciais, com diferentes proporções de casca de pinus, esterco, serragem, fibra de coco, vermiculita, casca de arroz, cinza, terra vegetal, carvão vegetal e turfa. As curvas de retenção de água foram elaboradas a partir do ajuste dos valores de umidade volumétrica obtidos nos percentuais de água retida por tensão. A granulometria foi determinada em amostras de substrato seco ao ar, colocadas sobre peneiras e agitados manualmente por três minutos. O teor de potássio solúvel foi determinado em extrato obtido pela proporção substrato: água 1:5, agitada em mesa com movimento horizontal com tempo variando de uma a trinta e seis horas. Os seis substratos estudados possuem diferentes capacidades de retenção de água e ar, em função, principalmente, de sua granulometria. As análises de liberação do potássio indicam que grande quantidade de potássio pode ser lixiviada, com diferentes comportamentos de liberação do nutriente entre os substratos estudados. Palavras-chave - Granulometria. Nutriente. Porosidade. CONCEIÇÃO, B. S.; LIMA, L. A.; SANT’ANA, J. A. V.; THEBALDI, M. S.WATER RETENTION AND KINETICS OF POTASSIUM RELEASE IN DIFFERENT SUBSTRATES FOR SEEDLING PRODUCTION 2 ABSTRACT The use of substrates that meets properly water and nutrient requirements contributes to production of plants with better quality. The objective of this study was to determine the characteristic curves of water retention and evaluate the kinetics of potassium release from six substrates for seedling production. The substrates consisted of commercial materials with different ratios of pine bark, manure, sawdust, coconut fiber, vermiculite, rice husk, ash, topsoil, charcoal and peat. Water retention curves were drawn based on the adjustment of volumetric moisture data from water retained under different tension values. For determining the particle size distribution, samples of 100g of substrate were dry in air, placed over a set of sieves and stirred manually for three minutes. The content of water-soluble potassium was determined from the extract obtained by the substrate water ratio 1:5, stirred with horizontal motion for a time range from one to thirty six hours. The results showed that all six substrates have different retention capacity of water and air, as a function mainly of their granulometry. Analyses of potassium release showed that large amounts of potassium can be leached, and the study substrates can present different behaviors concerning the nutrient release. Keywords: granulometry, nutrient, porosity.
30
Gudun, Kristina, Zarina Elemessova, Laura Khamkhash, Ekaterina Ralchenko, and Rostislav Bukasov. "Commercial Gold Nanoparticles on Untreated Aluminum Foil: Versatile, Sensitive, and Cost-Effective SERS Substrate." Journal of Nanomaterials 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9182025.
Анотація:
We introduce low-cost, tunable, hybrid SERS substrate of commercial gold nanoparticles on untreated aluminum foil (AuNPs@AlF). Two or three AuNP centrifugation/resuspension cycles are proven to be critical in the assay preparation. The limits of detection (LODs) for 4-nitrobenzenethiol (NBT) and crystal violet (CV) on this substrate are about 0.12 nM and 0.19 nM, respectively, while maximum analytical SERS enhancement factors (AEFs) are about 107. In comparative assays LODs for CV measured on AuNPs@Au film and AuNPs@glass are about 0.35 nM and 2 nM, respectively. The LOD for melamine detected on AuNPs@ Al foil is 27 ppb with 3 orders of magnitude for linear response range. Overall, AuNPs@AlF demonstrated competitive performance in comparison with AuNPs@ Au film substrate in SERS detection of CV, NBT, and melamine. To check the versatility of the AuNPs@AlF substrate we also detected KNO3 with LODs of 0.7 mM and SERS EF around 2 × 103, which is on the same order with SERS EF reported for this compound in the literature.
31
Gebavi, Hrvoje, Vlatko Gašparić, Dubravko Risović, Nikola Baran, Paweł Henryk Albrycht, and Mile Ivanda. "Features and advantages of flexible silicon nanowires for SERS applications." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 10 (March 15, 2019): 725–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.10.72.
Анотація:
The paper reports on the features and advantages of horizontally oriented flexible silicon nanowires (SiNWs) substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) applications. The novel SERS substrates are described in detail considering three main aspects. First, the key synthesis parameters for the flexible nanostructure SERS substrates were optimized. It is shown that fabrication temperature and metal-plating duration significantly influence the flexibility of the SiNWs and, consequently, determine the SERS enhancement. Second, it is demonstrated how the immersion in a liquid followed by drying results in the formation of SiNWs bundles influencing the surface morphology. The morphology changes were described by fractal dimension and lacunar analyses and correlated with the duration of Ag plating and SERS measurements. SERS examination showed the optimal intensity values for SiNWs thickness values of 60–100 nm. That is, when the flexibility of the self-assembly SiNWs allowed hot spots occurrence. Finally, the test with 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid showed excellent SERS performance of the flexible, horizontally oriented SiNWs in comparison with several other commercially available substrates.
32
Hakonen, Aron, Kaiyu Wu, Michael Stenbæk Schmidt, Per Ola Andersson, Anja Boisen, and Tomas Rindzevicius. "Detecting forensic substances using commercially available SERS substrates and handheld Raman spectrometers." Talanta 189 (November 2018): 649–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2018.07.009.
33
Gutés, Albert, Carlo Carraro, and Roya Maboudian. "Silver Dendrites from Galvanic Displacement on Commercial Aluminum Foil As an Effective SERS Substrate." Journal of the American Chemical Society 132, no. 5 (February 10, 2010): 1476–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja909806t.
34
Unamuzaga, Luiza Vandrielli Goulart, Gabriela Maidana Valença, Lueli Fernandes Bragança, Cibele Regina Schneider, Eloisa Mattei, Deise Dalazen Castagnara, Rodrigo Holz Krolow, and Eduardo Borher de Azevedo. "Substratos alternativos na produção de mudas de Tifton 85." Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research 7, no. 2 (May 29, 2024): e70048. http://dx.doi.org/10.34188/bjaerv7n2-078.
Анотація:
O Tifton 85 trata-se de uma pastagem com alto valor nutricional e potencial produtivo, porém, que por não possuir sementes viáveis possui entraves na sua implantação que pode ser realizada somente por material vegetativo. Essa característica requer produção de mudas para transplantio à campo. Este processo é desenvolvido em canteiros ou bandejas comerciais para hortaliças com uso de substratos tradicionais, entretanto, substratos alternativos poderiam potencializar o processo de produção de mudas. Assim, objetivou-se por meio de dois ensaios, mensurar as potencialidades de substratos alternativos para produção de mudas de Tifton 85. Foram conduzidos dois ensaios sob delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições. No primeiro, adotou-se quatro tratamentos: solo; casca de arroz carbonizada; solo+casca de arroz carbonizada; solo+esterco ovino curtido. No Segundo ensaio, foram aplicados seis tratamentos: substrato comercial; solo; esterco bovino curtido; substrato comercial + solo; solo + esterco bovino; substrato comercial + esterco bovino. Avaliou-se pegamento e altura de plantas aos 15 e 30 dias nos dois ensaios. Diferenças significativas foram observadas somente aos 30 dias após o plantio com superioridade para os substrates que continham esterco ovino no ensaio 1 e esterco bovino no ensaio 2; ou quando estes estiveram misturados com substrato commercial. O substrato commercial usado isoladamente apresentou pior resultado para pegamento e altura de plantas em ambos ensaios. Com base nos resultados conclui-se que substrates comerciais são limitados para uso na produção de mudas de Tifton 85, porém, os mesmos podem potencializar a qualidade das mudas quando utilizados em conjunto com esterco ovino e/ou bovino.
35
Tao, Mingzhu, Hui Fang, Xuping Feng, Yong He, Xiaoxi Liu, Yongqiang Shi, Yuzhen Wei, and Zhiqi Hong. "Rapid Trace Detection of Pesticide Residues on Tomato by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and Flexible Tapes." Journal of Food Quality 2022 (May 13, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6947775.
Анотація:
The non-judicious use of pesticides in agro-food poses a severe threat to food safety and human health. As an emerging chromatographic fingerprint provider, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy analysis (SERS) sheds bright light on sensitive and nondestructive detection of pesticide residues. This research proposed a novel strategy to detect three-pesticide residues (thiabendazole, carbendazim, and chlorpyrifos) on tomato peel based on the flexible and sticky SERS substrate. After selecting the best commercial adhesive tape (3M9080), the SERS substrate was constructed by optimizing the parameters in the preparation process of AuNPs. Therefore, a new simple “tape-wrapped SERS” way for pesticide residue analysis was established with a simple procedure of “absorption, separation, and drop addition.” Based on chemometrics method, the limit of semiquantitative detection was 20, 36, and 80 ng/cm2 for thiabendazole, carbendazim, and chlorpyrifos, respectively, on tomato surface, which indicated that the proposed method could meet the requirement of actual application with a large prospect in agro-food safety detection.
36
Pinto, Sheila Isabel do Carmo, and Marcelo Dumont Moura. "Enraizamento de estacas de mini-ixora (Ixora coccinea L. var. compacta) sob diferentes substratos e estimuladores de desenvolvimento radicular." ForScience 9, no. 1 (March 19, 2021): e00813. http://dx.doi.org/10.29069/forscience.2021v9n1.e813.
Анотація:
A mini-ixora é uma planta ornamental propagada comercialmente por meio de estaquia e apreciada para uso em paisagismo. O enraizamento das estacas, no entanto, ocorre em baixa porcentagem, resultando em baixa produção de mudas nos viveiros. Visando otimizar a propagação vegetativa desta espécie, avaliou-se o efeito de diferentes estimuladores de desenvolvimento radicular e substratos sobre o enraizamento de estacas da mini-ixora. As estacas semi lenhosas com 10 cm de comprimento foram cultivadas em estufa climatizada. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2 x 6, sendo dois substratos (S1: 100% de areia lavada e S2: 50% de bagaço de cana + 50% de vermiculita) e seis estimuladores de enraizamento (água - testemunha; extrato de tiririca; hormônio comercial; AIB 1000 mg/L; AIB a 2000 mg/L e AIB a 4000 mg/L). Utilizaram-se quatro repetições e dez estacas por parcela experimental. Após 120 dias, foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros morfológicos: estacas enraizadas (%), mortalidade (%), comprimento do sistema radicular, qualidade do sistema radicular e número de brotos por estaca. A propagação vegetativa das estacas de mini-ixora utilizando como substrato a mistura de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar com vermiculita proporciona maior porcentagem de enraizamento, comprimento radicular e menor porcentagem de mortalidade das estacas. O cultivo das estacas de mini-ixora no substrato composto de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e vermiculita dispensa o uso de estimuladores de enraizamento para a obtenção de estacas com melhor qualidade do sistema radicular. Palavras-chave: Estaquia. AIB. Produção de mudas. Propagação vegetativa. Rooting of mini-ixora cuttings (Ixora coccinea l. var. compacta) under different substrates and stimulators of radicular development Abstract Mini-ixora is an ornamental plant commercially propagated by cuttings. It is a species appreciated for use in gardens. The rooting of the cuttings, however, occurs in a low percentage, which results in low production of plants. In order to optimize the vegetative propagation of this species was studied the effect of different stimulators and substrates on rooting of mini-ixora cuttings. Cuttings with 10 cm were grown under controlled conditions. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a factorial scheme 2 x 6; two substrates (S1: 100% washed sand and S2: 50% sugarcane bagasse + 50% vermiculite) and six rooting stimulators (water; tiririca extract; commercial hormone; IBA 1000 mg/L; IAB 2000 mg/L and IBA 4000 mg/L). We used four replications and ten cuttings per experimental plot. After 120 days, we evaluated the following morphological parameters: percentage of rooted cuttings, percentage of mortality, length of the root system, root system quality and number of shoots per cutting. The vegetative propagation of the mini-ixora cuttings using as substrate a mixture of sugarcane bagasse with vermiculite provided the highest percentage of rooting, root length and lower percentage of mortality of the cuttings. The cultivation of mini-ixora cuttings on the substrate composed of sugarcane bagasse and vermiculite does not require the use of rooting stimulators to obtain cuttings with good quality of the root system. Keywords: Cuttings. IBA. Seedling production. Vegetative propagation.
37
Mazur, N. V., O. A. Kapush, O. F. Isaeva, S. I. Budzulyak, A. Yu Buziashvili, Y. V. Pirko, M. А. Skoryk, et al. "Facile SERS substrates from Ag nanostructures chemically synthesized on glass surfaces." Physics and Chemistry of Solid State 24, no. 4 (December 13, 2023): 682–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/pcss.24.4.682-691.
Анотація:
A quick one-step fabrication of efficient SERS substrates by a modified approach based on a silver-mirror reaction (using Tollens’ reagent) is reported. Commercially available microscope slides or cover glass (coverslips) were used as-received, without special surface treatment. In contrast to the commonly used two-step process, the composition of the Tollens reagent was modified to use a single-step process. The obtained rather homogeneous films of densely packed nanoislands are promising for application as substrates for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS), as demonstrated by several different kinds of molecules as analytes. In particular, the achieved level of detection of a standard dye analyte, down to 10-14 M of Rhodamine 6G, is in the range of best values reported in the literature. Low concentrations of some biomolecules are also detected, such as lysozyme (10-4 M), adenine (10-4 M), and salicylic acid (10-5 M). For some analytes, stronger SERS was observed in the drop, and for others after the solvent was dried. The possible reasons for this effect are described. By applying thermal annealing in the inert gas atmosphere, the Ag film morphology can be partially converted into a coral-like 3D structure that may be advantageous for the localization of the analyte in the “hot spots” and allow additional spectral tunability of the plasmon resonance.
38
Mabbott, Samuel, Yun Xu, and Royston Goodacre. "Objective assessment of SERS thin films: comparison of silver on copper via galvanic displacement with commercially available fabricated substrates." Analytical Methods 9, no. 33 (2017): 4783–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ay01584d.
39
Zhao, Huimin, Dawei Zheng, Huiqin Wang, Taifeng Lin, Wei Liu, Xiaoli Wang, Wenjing Lu, et al. "In Situ Collection and Rapid Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria Using a Flexible SERS Platform Combined with a Portable Raman Spectrometer." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 13 (July 1, 2022): 7340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23137340.
Анотація:
This study aims to develop a simple, sensitive, low-cost, environmentally friendly and flexible surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) platform, combined with a portable Raman spectrometer, for the rapid and on-site SERS detection of bacteria. Commercial tobacco packaging paper (TPP) with little background interference was used as a loading medium that effectively adsorbed Au nanoparticles and provided sufficient “hot spots”. This Au-tobacco packaging paper (Au-TPP) substrate used as a flexible SERS platform can maximize sample collection by wiping irregular surfaces, and was successfully applied to the on-site and rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria. Raman fingerprints of pathogenic bacteria can be obtained by SERS detection of spiked pork using wipeable Au-TPP, which verifies its value in practical applications. The results collected by SERS were further verified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results. It showed several advantages in on-site SERS detection, including accurate discrimination, simple preparation, easy operation, good sensitivity, accuracy and reproducibility. This study indicates that the established flexible SERS platform has good practical applications in pathogenic bacterial identification and other rapid detections.
40
Islam, Ahatashamul, Fariha Tasneem, Zulfiqar Hasan Khan, Asif Rakib, Syed Farid Uddin Farhad, Aminul I. Talukder, AFM Yusuf Haider, and Md Wahadoszamen. "Economically reproducible surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of different compounds in thin film." Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences 45, no. 1 (July 15, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v45i1.54255.
Анотація:
We report herein an economically cheap and functionally stable surfaceenhanced Raman scattering (SERS) protocol of two photoactive pigments Rhodamine 6G (R6G) and Kiton Red (KR), implemented in thin films of silver (Ag) and gold (Au) nanoparticles (AgNPs and AuNPs). Both commercially available and chemically synthesized nanoparticles were used. The suitability of the nanoparticles toward SERS activity was tested through UV-visible absorption spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The AgNPs and AuNPs based SERS substrates in the form of films were fabricated onto square-sized aluminum(Al) plates by simple drop deposition of colloidal nanoparticles solution onto their polished surfaces. The prepared nanoparticle films were sufficiently dried and coated further with the probe (R6G and KR) molecules by employing the identical deposition technique. The enhanced Raman signals of R6G and KR in such composite film structures were then recorded through a custom-built dispersive Raman spectrometer with He-Ne laser excitation at 632.8 nm. Our AgNPsfilm-based SERS protocol could yield the magnitude of the Raman signal enhancement up to 104 times for both R6G and KR. Moreover, AuNPs-based film was found to be less efficient toward the Raman enhancement of both compounds. Our SERS substrates can be easily fabricated, and SERS spectra are reproducible and stable, allowing one to consistently get a reproducible result even after 6 months.
J. Bangladesh Acad. Sci. 45(1); 1-11: June 2021
41
Silva, Nilciléia Mendes, Antônio Carlos Simões, Gisley Karoline Emerick Bitancourt Alves, Regina Lúcia Félix Ferreira, and Sebastião Elviro Araújo Neto. "Condicionadores alternativos de substrato na qualidade da muda e produtividade de couve manteiga." Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável 11, no. 5 (December 9, 2016): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.18378/rvads.v11i5.3963.
Анотація:
<p>Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de condicionadores de substrato na qualidade da muda e produtividade de couve manteiga cv. Geórgia. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos constaram de substratos orgânicos contendo os seguintes condicionadores: Casca de arroz carbonizada; Fibra casca de coco; Composto orgânico puro; Estipe de palmeira ouricurí picado; Caule decomposto de sumaúma e Substrato comercial, que foi utilizado como tratamento controle . Foi instalado um experimento em viveiro e outro em campo, ambos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições, sendo a unidade experimental de 10 mudas no viveiro e 08 plantas em campo, foi realizado no período de março a julho de 2013 no Sítio Ecológico Seridó em Rio Branco, AC. Avaliou-se aos 30 dias após a semeadura o índice de qualidade de muda, a massa seca da parte aérea e raiz das mudas de couve, e no experimento à campo, aos 70 dias após o transplantio avaliou-se a massa seca da parte aérea, massa fresca comercial, produtividade, massa média de folha fresca e número de folha por planta. Substratos contendo composto orgânico puro ou condicionadores de casca de arroz carbonizada, fibra de coco ou estipe de palmeira produzem mudas com qualidade superior. Porém, a inferioridade das mudas produzidas com substrato de caule decomposto de sumaúma não diminui a produtividade da couve.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Alternative substrate conditioners in seedling quality and yield of kale</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>Objective was to evaluate the effect of substrate conditioners in the quality of seedling and productivity of kale cv. Geórgia. The experimental design was randomized blocks with six treatments and four replications. Treatments consisted of the organic substrates: carbonized rice husk, coconut shell fiber, organic compost, chopped palm stipe, decomposed kapok stem and commercial substrate, used as control treatment. An experiment was carried out in a greenhouse and another in the field, the both following the randomized blocks design, with four replications, and the experimental unit of 10 seedlings in the greenhouse and eight plants in the field, from March to July 2013, in Sítio Ecológico Seridó in Rio Branco, Acre State, Brazil. Was evaluated at 30 days after sowing the seedling quality index, dry mass of shoots and roots of kale, and in experiment of field, 70 days after transplanting to the evaluated the dry mass of the aerial part, commercial fresh weight, yield, mass fresh leaf and number of leaves per plant. The substrate containing organic compost or conditioner of carbonized rice husk, coconut shell fiber or chopped palm stipe produced seedlings with the highest quality. However, the inferiority of seedlings produced with decomposed kapok stem substrate does not reduce productivity of kale.<strong></strong></p>
42
Püttmann, M., J. Aufenanger, E. von Ochsenstein, S. Dürholt, K. van Ackern, J. Harenberg, and G. E. Hoffmann. "Increased phospholipase A activities in sera of intensive-care patients show sn-2 specificity but no acyl-chain selectivity." Clinical Chemistry 39, no. 5 (May 1, 1993): 782–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/39.5.782.
Анотація:
Abstract Phospholipase A (PLA) activities were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography in two enzyme preparations purified from human duodenal juice and a serum pool as well as in 52 sera from 31 intensive-care patients with various diseases. On the basis of a position-specific fatty acid analysis of the natural substrate ("soybean lecithin") from a commercial PLA kit, serum activities of PLA1 could be clearly distinguished from those of PLA2, which is not possible in the usual measurements made with single-label radioactive substrates. Independent of the type of disease, all sera with highly increased PLA activities (40-200 U/L) showed nearly pure PLA2 characteristics without any preference among oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acid in the sn-2 position of the glycerophospholipid substrate. Nevertheless, very low PLA1 activities (< or = 5 U/L, most likely due to heparin perfusion therapy) could also be detected by palmitic and stearic acid release from the sn-1 position, leading to small changes in fatty acid release patterns of sera with low PLA activities. Measurements with sera from heparin-treated volunteers demonstrated that heparin therapy may initially contribute as much as 22 U/L to increased PLA1 activities but is not important under prolonged therapy. The absence of selectivity with respect to acyl-chain desaturation supports the concept of serum PLA2 as an acute-phase protein rather than a regulator of the arachidonic acid cascade.
43
Xu, Guangming, Xilong Shen, Lei Zhang, Jie Tang, Chuan He, Ziqiang Zhou, Tian Xu, Meifeng Xu, Yonglong Jin, and Chaonan Wang. "Fabrication of highly sensitive and uniform Ag/PS/PDMS SERS substrate and its application for in-situ detection." Nanotechnology 33, no. 24 (March 23, 2022): 245601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ac59e9.
Анотація:
Abstract In this study, we developed a flexible and transparent silver/polystyrene/polydimethylsiloxane (Ag/PS/PDMS) substrate with both high density of hot spots and satisfactory uniformity using a cost-effective approach. Via template-guided self-assembly, PS beads were arranged regularly in nanobowls of a square array on PDMS, whose surface structure was transferred from a commercial complementary metal oxide semiconductor chip. Roughness was introduced onto the PS bead surface by nitrogen plasma treatment, followed by sputtering of Ag which generated many hot spots. Differential roughness on the PS bead surface greatly influenced the morphology of the Ag/PS/PDMS substrate. A meat-ball like surface structure was formed with a plasma etching time of 5 min, whose growth mechanism was proposed based on the scanning electron microscope analysis. The high sensitivity and desirable uniformity of the meat-ball like Ag/PS/PDMS substrate were demonstrated by using crystal violet as a Raman reporter, exhibiting an enhancement factor of 2.7 × 107 and a relative standard deviation of 5.04%. Thiram of a lower concentration than the maximum residue limit on the cucumber surface could easily be detected in situ by the proposed substrate, demonstrating its great potential for in-situ food safety analysis.
44
Brezeștean, Ioana Andreea, Daniel Marconi, Nicoleta Elena Dina, Maria Suciu, and Alia Colniță. "Fabrication and Characterization of Hybrid and Tunable ZnO@Ag Flexible Thin Films Used as SERS Substrates." Chemosensors 11, no. 8 (August 7, 2023): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11080441.
Анотація:
Flexible substrates have known increased popularity over rigid ones due to their use in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). They provide irregular surfaces, ideal for in situ sensing. In this context, we report the SERS performance of hybrid ZnO@Ag thin films deposited by magnetron sputtering (MS) on flexible, thermoplastic substrates. This physical deposition method is acknowledged for obtaining high-quality and reproducible ZnO films that can be embedded in (bio)sensing devices with various applications. Three types of thermoplastic-based, commercially available substrates with different glass transition temperatures (Tg) were chosen for the variation in flexibility, transparency, and thickness. Zeonor® (Tg = 136 °C, thickness of 188 μm) and two types of Topas (Topas®: Tg = 142 °C, thickness of 176 μm; Topas2: Tg = 78 °C, thickness of 140 μm) thermoplastic sheets are nonpolar and amorphous cyclo-olefin polymer (COP) and cyclo-olefin copolymers (COC), respectively. Their thicknesses and different values of Tg can greatly affect the topographical and roughness properties of films with small thicknesses and, thus, can greatly influence the enhancement of the Raman signal. The ZnO films deposited on top of Zeonor® or Topas® have identical morphological properties, as shown by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization. Subsequently, by using the MS technique, we tuned the thickness of the deposited silver (Ag) films in the range of 7–30 nm to assess the growth influence on the morphology and the SERS signal amplification of the substrates with and without the ZnO intermediate layer. The SEM analysis showed that the Ag atoms migrated both into the interstitial areas, filling the voids between the ZnO granular structures, and over the latter, forming, in this case, isolated Ag clusters. SERS analysis performed on the ZnO-Ag hybrid films using crystal violet (CV) molecule revealed a limit of detection (LOD) of 10−7 M in the case of 15 nm thick Ag/Zeonor® interlayer films ZnO and relative standard deviation (RSD) below 10%.
45
Nelson, Patrick, Perculiar Adimabua, Ankai Wang, Shengli Zou, and Nilam C. Shah. "Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Rapid Screening of Cinnamon Essential Oils." Applied Spectroscopy 74, no. 11 (October 6, 2020): 1341–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003702820931154.
Анотація:
Cinnamon essential oil is used in food flavoring, food preservation, and for complementary medicine. The most common types of cinnamon used in essential oils are true cinnamon ( Cinnamomum verum) and cassia cinnamon ( Cinnamomum cassia). True cinnamon is commonly adulterated with cassia cinnamon because it is cheaper. However, cassia cinnamon contains higher concentrations of coumarin which has been shown to have adverse health effects. There is a need to develop simple, nondestructive, rapid screening methods for quality control and food authentication and to identify adulteration of cinnamon essential oil. Currently, the most common methods to screen for coumarin in cinnamon include high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC). However, these methods require time-consuming sample preparation and detection. Vibrational spectroscopy methods are emerging as a promising alternative for rapid, nondestructive screening for food safety applications. In this study, a rapid screening method has been developed to examine cinnamon essential oils using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The experimental spectra were compared to theoretical calculations using the DFT method BP86/6-311++G(d,p) basis set. The limit of detection of coumarin was determined to be 1 × 10–6 M or 1.46 mg/L using SERS with colloid paste substrates. Furthermore, 1:16 dilutions of cinnamaldehyde and 1:8 dilutions of eugenol were detected using SERS which can help determine if the cinnamon essential oil was made from bark or from leaves. Seven commercially available cinnamon essential oils were also analyzed and compared to reference solutions. SERS was able to discriminate between essential oils primarily composed of cinnamaldehyde and those composed of eugenol. Furthermore, the SERS method detected peaks that are attributed to coumarin in two of the commercially available samples. To date, this is the first time SERS has been used to rapidly screen cinnamon essential oils.
46
Szabo, Nancy J., and James D. Winefordner. "Evaluation of a Solid-Phase Extraction Membrane as a Surface-Enhanced Raman Substrate." Applied Spectroscopy 52, no. 4 (April 1998): 500–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702981944030.
Анотація:
A commercially available solid-phase extraction membrane was evaluated as a substrate suitable for routine analysis by surface-enhanced Raman spectrometry (SERS). The material was silver coated in-house via chemical reduction. Because the material has chromatographic capabilities, the use of SERS as a detection method for thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was considered by separating, then detecting, a mixture of commonly used sulfonamides from the bare and coated material. While the mobilities of the sulfa drugs were not strongly affected by the silver, the SER response was weak and analyte degradation was apparent. Some signal improvement was gained by dampening the surface with water in a simple surface modification. General substrate performance in both dry and in the modified dampened states was evaluated by using the model, crystal violet. The resulting analytical curves were linear across 1–2.5 orders of magnitude with limits of detection in the subnanogram range (total analyte applied). Under routine preparation and analysis procedures, reproducibility was <30%, but improvement to ∼10% was possible when great care was used. Typical spectra for two compound series having a variety of functional groups were obtained and showed general trends for response dependence on functional group.
47
Duckworth, Jamison, and Alexey V. Krasnoslobodtsev. "Modular Micro Raman Reader Instrument for Fast SERS-Based Detection of Biomarkers." Micromachines 13, no. 10 (September 22, 2022): 1570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13101570.
Анотація:
Sensitive detection of biomarkers is very critical in the diagnosis, management, and monitoring of diseases. Recent efforts have suggested that bioassays using surface-enhanced Raman scattering as a signal read-out strategy possess certain unique beneficial features in terms of sensitivity and low limits of detection which set this method apart from its counterparts such as fluorescence, phosphorescence, and radiolabeling. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has also emerged as an ideal choice for the development of multiplexed bioassays. Such promising features have prompted the need for the development of SERS-based tools suitable for point-of-care applications. These tools must be easy to use, portable, and automated for the screening of many samples in clinical settings if diagnostic applications are considered. The availability of such tools will result in faster and more reliable detection of disease biomarkers, improving the accessibility of point-of-care diagnostics. In this paper, we describe a modular Raman reader instrument designed to create such a portable device suitable for screening a large number of samples with minimal operator assistance. The device’s hardware is mostly built with commercially available components using our unique design. Dedicated software was created to automatically run sample screening and analyze the data measured. The mRR is an imaging system specifically created to automate measurements, eliminating human bias while enhancing the rate of data collection and analysis ~2000 times. This paper presents both the design and capabilities of the custom-built modular Raman reader system (mRR) capable of automated and fast measurements of sandwich immunoassay samples on gold substrates using modified gold nanoparticles as Raman tags. The limit of detection (LOD) of the tested MUC4-specific iSERS assay was measured to be 0.41 µg/mL.
48
SANTOS, Carlos Vinicius dos, Wellington Zago RODRIGUES, Camila Fernandes Ferreira APARECIDO, and Jaqueline Bonfim de CARVALHO. "INFLUÊNCIA DE MISTURAS NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE MUDAS DO MARACUJAZEIRO AZEDO." REVISTA FUNEC CIENTÍFICA - MULTIDISCIPLINAR - ISSN 2318-5287 9, no. 11 (August 19, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24980/rfcm.v9i11.3705.
Анотація:
Planta de clima tropical, o maracujá amarelo é produzido para fins industriais quanto para o consumo in natura. O preparo das mudas é uma importante etapa do sistema de produção. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar parâmetros biométricos do desenvolvimento inicial do maracujazeiro amarelo (Passiflora edulis) em diferentes combinações de misturas para o desenvolvimento de mudas. O local de estudo foi a casa de vegetação. As misturas que foram utilizadas compuseram cinco tratamentos sendo eles: T1 (75% de solo e 25% de areia); T2 (50% de solo e 50% do substrato comercial); T3 (25% de solo, 50% substrato comercial e 25% de vermiculita); T4 (50% de solo, 30% do substrato comercial, 10% de areia e 10% de vermiculita) e T5 (50% do substrato comercial, 25% de areia e 25% de vermiculita). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado (DIC) com seis repetições. O acompanhamento das mudas foi realizado a partir da germinação e desenvolvimento das plantas, com avaliações semanais de altura, diâmetro do coleto, número de folhas, matéria seca e fresca da planta, bem como comprimento das raízes. Os resultados mostraram que o T5 (50% do substrato comercial, 25% de areia e 25% de vermiculita) proporcionou maior altura média, diâmetro médio e comprimento médio de raiz, indicando que a presença do substrato comercial juntamente com areia e vermiculita proporciona melhor desenvolvimento inicial de plântulas de maracujá azedo.
THE IMPACT OF BLENDS UPON YELLOW PASSIONFRUIT SEEDLING GROWTH
ABSTRACT
A tropical plant, the yellow passionfruit is cultivated either for in natura consumption or industrial purposes. Seeding preparation is a crucial step in the cultivation process. This paper aims to review the biometric parameters in the early growth of the yellow passionfruit (Passiflora edulis) for different blends combinations over the seedling growth. The study was conducted at a greenhouse. The blends used for that purpose were composed of five different treatments, they were: T1: (75% soil and 25% sand); T2 (50% soil and 50% commercial substrate); T3 (25% soil, 50% commercial substrate, and 25% vermiculite); T4 (50% soil, 30% commercial substrate, 10% sand, and 10% vermiculite) and T% (50% commercial substrate, 25% sand, and 25% vermiculite). It was a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) with six repetitions. The seeds were monitored from germination to seedling growth; weekly evaluations were carried out to assess height; collar diameter; the number of leaves, fresh and dry material of the plant along with root length. The results showed that T5 (50% commercial substrate, 25% sand, and 25% vermiculite) resulted in high average height, medium diameter, and medium root length, suggesting that the presence of the commercial substrate in conjunction with sand and vermiculite better produced the initial growth of the yellow passionfruit seedling.
Keywords: Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg. Yellow Passionfruit. Horticulture. Fruit Farming.
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Almeida, Ueliton Oliveira de. "Características agronômicas de rabanete submetido a diferentes substratos preparados com coprólitos de minhoca." AGROPECUÁRIA CIENTÍFICA NO SEMIÁRIDO 15, no. 4 (December 29, 2019): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.30969/acsa.v15i4.1124.
Анотація:
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção de rabanetes cultivados em substratos preparados a partir da mistura de coprólitos de minhocas Chibui bari, solo e substrato commercial (SC). O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação na Universidade Federal do Acre, utilizando-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado com sete tratamentos e seis repetições. Os substratos foram assim formulados: T1 (100% SC); T2 (50% SC + 50% Solo); T3 (100% Solo); T4 (100% Coprólito); T5 (75% Coprólito + 25% Solo); T6 (50% Coprólito + 50% Solo) e; T7 (25% Coprólito + 75% Solo). Avaliou-se o número de folhas, massas frescas e secas da parte aérea, do caule e total e o diâmetro do caule, além da atividade microbiana. Os substratos preparados com substrato comercial (T1 e T2) apresentaram as melhores características agronômicas para a cultura em todas as variáveis analisadas. O substrato T6 apresentou maior respiração basal induzida, enquanto que o T2 e T4 foram superiores aos demais quanto à respiração basal real. Os substratos preparados a partir de coprólitos minhoca e solo não supriram as exigências nutricionais da cultura do rabanete para obtenção de raízes com qualidade aceitável para o consumo.
50
Kapkov, V. I., and E. V. Shoshina. "Fucoid seaweeds on the Russian Arctic coast: using traditions and ecological monitoring." BIO Web of Conferences 52 (2022): 00073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20225200073.
Анотація:
In recent years, harvest and cultivation of marine biological resources, including commercial seaweeds, has increased significantly. The task of this research was the ecological monitoring of commercial fucoid seaweeds beds in coastal waters of the Barents and White Seas. Data of seasonal supervision at stationary biological station and materials of expedition works on Murmansk coast were analyzed. The species, age, generative and spatial structures of fucoid populations in different biotopes of the littoral were studied. It was found that species composition of phytocenoses and quantitative parameters of commercial fucoids varied significantly in open and closed bays, as well as in algae living in the lower and upper littoral. The average biomass of fucoids in semi-closed inlets varied from 2.8±0.6 to 17.7±2.9 kg/m2, depending on dominant species in community, the structure of substrate and impact of waves. The results indicate that phytocenoses of fucoid algae under the influence of changing environmental factors largely ensure the integrity of littoral ecosystem. For rational harvest and cultivation of commercial fucoids, as well as the restoration of disturbed phytocenoses after the removal of some algae, it is recommended to use the technology of synchronization of harvesting with life cycles of seaweeds.