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Статті в журналах з теми "Commercial matters"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 7 липня 2024

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1

Mancuso, Teresina, Tibor Verduna, Simone Blanc, Giuseppe Di Vita, and Filippo Brun. "Environmental sustainability and economic matters of commercial types of common wheat." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 65, No. 4 (April 24, 2019): 194–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/172/2018-agricecon.

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Common wheat, a fundamental commodity on international markets, is increasingly differentiated into commercial types on domestic markets to meet the demand of processing companies. Improver wheat, biscuit wheat, ordinary and superior bread-making wheat are commercial varieties with specific technological characteristics. Wheat farming systems are constantly evolving, and as a result, related environmental issues emerge. We applied an LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) analysis, where the functional unit was 1 tonne of grain for each typology and system boundaries were from cradle to farm gate. Primary data were used in the study, and special attention was paid to fertiliser use. From an LCA perspective, our findings show that nitrogen (N) plays an essential role in plant production although producing different waterborne and airborne emissions and nitrate leaching, for the 4 commercial typologies studied. Furthermore, the impact can be differentiated based on the technological features of the commercial types. Our results led us to observe that the four wheat types show contrasting economic and environmental performances.

2

Kostwiński, Marcin. "Czy przepisy o postępowaniu w sprawach gospodarczych powinny znaleźć zastosowanie w postępowaniu nieprocesowym?" Acta Iuridica Resoviensia 36, no. 1 (2022): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/actaires.2022.1.5.

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In this article, the author discusses whether it is possible to apply provisions of proceedings in commercial matters when a court hears a commercial case in non-contentious proceedings. The starting point for the analysis is the unclear regulation of Art. 4582 of the Code of Civil Procedure which contains a catalogue of commercial matters that is supposed to determine the scope of application of the special contentious proceedings, and which also includes some non-contentious matters. The author takes a critical approach to the above regulation and tries to prove that the provisions on proceedings in commercial matters cannot be applied in non-contentious proceedings.

3

Moravcová, Dominika. "The scope of judicial cooperation in civil and commercial matters within the EU in the context of the exclusion of administrative matters and acta iure imperii." Institutiones Administrationis 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 112–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.54201/iajas.v3i1.71.

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The present article focuses on the scope of the key sources of judicial cooperation in civil and commercial matters within the EU, namely the Brussels I bis, Rome I and Rome II Regulations, in the context of the activities of public authorities. The aim of the article is to identify whether a legal relationship in which one of the parties is a public authority can qualify as a civil and commercial matter within the meaning of the Regulations in question and thus be subsumed under their ratione materiae and, if so, under which circumstances.

4

Freitag, Amy, Suzana Blake, Patricia M. Clay, Alan C. Haynie, Chris Kelble, Michael Jepson, Stephen Kasperski, Kirsten M. Leong, Jamal H. Moss, and Seann D. Regan. "Scale Matters." Nature and Culture 17, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 144–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/nc.2022.170202.

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Interdisciplinary science and environmental management involve bringing together data and expertise at multiple spatial scales. The most challenging part of merging scales is aligning the scale of inquiry with the research application. Through the Louisiana case study relating wetland loss and commercial fishing, we examine how the nature and strength of the relationship changes depending on the scale of investigation. Resulting management implications also vary because of tradeoffs in choosing the scale of inquiry. State-level fisheries managers may miss effects of wetland loss in fishing communities because they are looking at aggregate data. Scientific information must directly address the constituent scale, where managers can enact policy. The case study demonstrates why scalar considerations should be an explicit part of the planning process for both science and management.

5

Bernstein, Adam. "Family matters: family and business." Nursing and Residential Care 23, no. 6 (June 2, 2021): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/nrec.2021.23.6.4.

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It is said that you can choose your friends, but not your family. However, what happens if you choose to run a business with your family? Can a way to commercial harmony be found? Adam Bernstein investigates.

6

Fornaris, Ignacio. "Exploring the Evolution of Contractual Concepts within Regulation No 1215/2012 Through CJEU Judgments: Civil and Commercial Matters, Contracts, Tenancies of Immovable Property, and Provision of Services Under Examination." Nordic Journal of European Law 7, no. 1 (April 5, 2024): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.36969/njel.v7i1.25761.

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Starting with the ruling of the Court of Justice of the European Union in the Obala case, this article explores: how the Court has redefined the concepts of ‘contract matters’ and ‘tort, delict, or quasi-delict matters’; actions related to ‘tenancy agreements for immovable property’ versus ‘rights in rem’; and the evolving interpretation of ‘services’ within the Brussels I Recast Regulation on jurisdiction, recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters. It also illustrates the discrepancies in the analysis of the term ‘civil and commercial matters’. The Obala ruling has led to changes in how these concepts are understood and studied in certain contexts, thereby reshaping their interpretative contours. As a result, this article conducts a retrospective analysis to grasp these changes and their implications.

7

Nekrošius, Vytautas. "The Taking of Evidence in Civil Proceedings of the European Union." Teka Komisji Prawniczej PAN Oddział w Lublinie 13, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 299–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.32084/tekapr.2020.13.1-23.

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The article analyses the main provisions of Council Regulation (EC) No 1206/2001 of 28 May 2001 on cooperation between the courts of the Member States in the taking of evidence in civil or commercial matters. It grounds the need for its existence as well as the relation and advantages in comparison with the Convention of 18 March 1970 on the Taking of Evidence Abroad in Civil or Commercial Matters.

8

Pailler, Ludovic. "Problem-Solving Justice in French Civil and Commercial Matters." Utrecht Law Review 14, no. 3 (January 29, 2019): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/ulr.467.

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9

Forsyth, Christopher, and Philip Moser. "The Impact of the Applicable Law Of Contract on the Law of Jurisdiction under the European Conventions." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 45, no. 1 (January 1996): 190–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589300058723.

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The Convention on Jurisdiction and the Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters, agreed in Brussels on 27 September 1968 (and generally referred to as the Brussels Convention), has been part of English law since the coming into force of the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982.1 The Convention now dominates the law of jurisdiction in civil and commercial matters as well as the law governing the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments.

10

Kurfess, Tom. "Why Manufacturing Matters." Mechanical Engineering 135, no. 11 (November 1, 2013): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2013-nov-1.

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This article explores the role of manufacturing industry as a key to innovation, economic health, and national security. As engineers and manufacturers develop new technologies, they build the capabilities to extend and innovate in new fields. Those innovations give manufacturers the performance or cost edge they need to compete in a crowded international marketplace. U.S. manufacturing innovation is lagging behind high-wage nations such as Germany and Japan. The article suggests that what the United States must do now is close the gap between innovation and commercial scale-up and production. It already leads the world in creating disruptive technologies and is rapidly moving towards energy independence. The imposing wage gap that once separated it from other nations is closing. Some American companies have begun reshoring manufacturing operations located in other nations already.

11

Takahashi, Koji. "II. External Competence Implications of the Ec Regulation on Jurisdiction and Judgments." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 52, no. 2 (April 2003): 529–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/52.2.529.

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Council Regulation 44/2001 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of Judgments in Civil Commercial Matters1 replaced the 1968 Brussels Convention on 1 March 2002 for Member States of the European union Except Denmark.2 This has given the European Community exclusive competence in matters relating to jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments. As a result individual Member States can no longer freely ratify conventions which, in relation to specific matters, govern jurisdiction or the recognition or enforcement of judgments.3 This is reflected in the deletion of ‘or will be’ from the text of Article 71(1) of the Regulation,4 a phrase which previously found in the equivalent provision in the Brussels Convention.5

12

El-Ahdab, Abdul Hamid. "The New Egyptian Arbitration Act in Civil and Commercial Matters." Journal of International Arbitration 12, Issue 2 (June 1, 1995): 65–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia1995012.

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13

El-Ahdab, Abdul Hamid. "The New Omani Arbitration Act in Civil and Commercial Matters." Journal of International Arbitration 14, Issue 4 (December 1, 1997): 59–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia1997033.

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14

Juenger, Friedrich K. "The Recognition of Money Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters." American Journal of Comparative Law 36, no. 1 (1988): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/840183.

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15

Zulkifli, Normah Erra, and Zuriyati Ahmad. "Nonperforming loans in Malaysia’s commercial banks: Does economic growth matters?" Journal of Emerging Economies and Islamic Research 10, no. 2 (May 31, 2022): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jeeir.v10i2.17663.

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A loan is one of the primary sources of income earned by the banks and either directly or indirectly contributes to the country’s economic growth. Previous studies have shown that economic growth can affect the number of loans given and the changes in nonperforming loans in the banking sector. During the economic downturn, the amount of nonperforming loans tends to increase. Most borrowers were unable to settle down their loans because some businesses went insolvent and left the loans unpaid. Therefore, this paper investigates the impact of economic growth on non-performing loans in Malaysia. Seven commercial banks are selected to be used in the panel data regression, with the data spanning from 1995 to 2020. The result from the fixed-effect model indicates that the changes in economic growth are positively related to nonperforming loans. However, the impact of economic growth does not significantly influence the changes in nonperforming loans in Malaysian commercial banks. While findings also reveal that return on asset, financial crisis and unemployment rate has a significant relationship with the nonperforming loans, with the magnitude of variables being as expected.

16

Butler, William Elliott. "Proceeding on Cases with the Participation of Foreign Persons in International Procedure Law of Russia and Belarus (The end)." Gosudarstvo i pravo, no. 11 (2021): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s102694520017460-7.

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This article is dedicated to one of the most interesting aspects of International Procedural Law – litigation with the participation of foreign persons. Authors focused on a comparative analysis of Russian and Belarus legislation concerning the regulation of international procedural relations. Article includes two parts: the first one considers international jurisdiction of Russian arbitrazh courts and Belarus economic courts on commercial matters; the second one examines the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments in commercial matters on the territory of Russia and Belarus. Authors deeply scrutinized a wide range of legal documents including domestic legislation, bilateral and multilateral international treaties of regional character in order to show the convergences and divergences in Russian and Belarus procedural law concerning participation of foreign persons in international commercial litigation

17

Butler, William E. "Proceeding on Cases with the Participation of Foreign Persons in International Procedure Law of Russia and Belarus." Gosudarstvo i pravo, no. 10 (2021): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s102694520017271-9.

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This article is dedicated to one of the most interesting aspects of International Procedural Law – litigation with the participation of foreign persons. Authors focused on a comparative analysis of Russian and Belarus legislation concerning the regulation of international procedural relations. Article includes two parts: the first one considers international jurisdiction of Russian arbitrazh courts and Belarus economic courts on commercial matters; the second one examines the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments in commercial matters on the territory of Russia and Belarus. Authors deeply scrutinized a wide range of legal documents including domestic legislation, bilateral and multilateral international treaties of regional character in order to show the convergences and divergences in Russian and Belarus procedural law concerning participation of foreign persons in international commercial litigation.

18

Calliess, Gralf-Peter. "Value-added Norms, Local Litigation, and Global Enforcement: Why the Brussels-Philosophy failed in The Hague." German Law Journal 5, no. 12 (December 1, 2004): 1489–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200013365.

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In the early Nineties the Hague Conference on International Private Law on initiative of the United States started negotiations on a Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters (the “Hague Convention“). In October 1999 the Special Commission on duty presented a preliminary text, which was drafted quite closely to the European Convention on Jurisdiction and Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters (the “Brussels Convention“). The latter was concluded between the then 6 Member States of the EEC in Brussels in 1968 and amended several times on occasion of the entry of new Member States. In 2000, after the Treaty of Amsterdam altered the legal basis for judicial co-operation in civil matters in Europe, it was transformed into an EC Regulation (the “Brussels I Regulation”).

19

Rose, P., and L. Turner. "LEGAL ISSUES RELATING TO UNDERGROUND GAS STORAGE." APPEA Journal 41, no. 2 (2001): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj00058.

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This paper addresses various legal issues associated with underground gas storage, including the potential for commercial underground gas storage, legislative developments in relation to underground gas storage, specific legal issues in relation to commercial underground gas storage, matters to address in a commercial underground gas storage agreement, and the potential application of third party access regimes to underground gas storage reservoirs and facilities.

20

Akhrorova, Sayokhat. "The overview of Islamic commercial law." Общество и инновации 4, no. 6/S (August 7, 2023): 394–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol4-iss6/s-pp394-399.

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‘Islamic law’ covers all aspects of human behavior. It is much wider than the Western understanding of ‘law’, and governs ‘the Muslim’s way of life in literally every detail and, of course, it also regulates commercial transactions. It follows that the Islamic conceptual framework is quite unlike that of Christianity in which law is secular. There is no Christian law of contract, for example, no Christian law of property, whereas bodies of law dealing with such matters do exist in the shari’a –the ‘legal’ verses of the Koran and the traditions of the Prophet. The shari’a has long been abandoned and substituted by Western law. However, as a result of the Islamic revival, the possibility of adapting the shari’a to the modern world has been considered recently.

21

Lupapa, Moses kalombo. "LES LIMITES A L’APPLICABILITE DES BAUX A LOYER A USAGE PROFESSIONNEL EN REPUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO." IJRDO - Journal of Business Management 9, no. 6 (June 9, 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/bm.v9i6.5718.

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This study examines the limitations of the applicability of commercial leases in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). It highlights obstacles related to the lack of transparency in commercial transactions, widespread corruption in real estate matters, and weaknesses in the judicial system. Proposed solutions include promoting transparency, strengthening the judicial system, and promoting a culture of respect for contracts. These measures can help optimize the applicability of commercial leases in the DRC.

22

Walters, Gabby, Lukas Huck, Richard N. S. Robinson, and Jürg Stettler. "Commercial hospitality in tourism: A global comparison of what culturally matters." International Journal of Hospitality Management 95 (May 2021): 102939. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.102939.

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23

Podgorelčnik Vogrinec, Neža. "Provisional Security of Creditors in Cross-border Civil and Commercial Matters." Lexonomica 12, no. 2 (December 21, 2020): 129–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/lexonomica.12.2.129-148.2020.

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Provisional measures can be of utmost importance to creditors especially in relationships with a cross-border element. The Regulation 1215/2012 is the legal source that provides rules regarding the jurisdiction to issue a provisional measure but also offers imperfect provisions regarding the recognition and enforcement of foreign provisional measures issued in the other Member States of the European Union. Due to the inadequate regulation, CJEU case law has played an important role, but nevertheless, the article finds and opens new questions that have not yet been answered.

24

Hill, J. "Jurisdiction in Civil and Commercial Matters: Is There a Third Way?" Current Legal Problems 54, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 439–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clp/54.1.439.

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25

Harder, Sirko. "THE EFFECTS OF RECOGNIZED FOREIGN JUDGMENTS IN CIVIL AND COMMERCIAL MATTERS." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 62, no. 2 (April 2013): 441–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589313000018.

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AbstractThis article investigates what effects a recognized foreign judgment in civil and commercial matters has in English proceedings. Does the judgment have the effects that it has in the foreign country (extension of effects) or the effects that a comparable English judgment would have (equalization of effects), or a combination of these? After a review of the current law, it will be discussed what approach is preferable on principle. The suggested approach will then be illustrated by considering whether a foreign decision on one legal basis of a certain claim ought to preclude English proceedings involving another legal basis of the same claim. Finally, it will be discussed whether and how the effects of a recognized foreign judgment in England are affected by interests of a third country.

26

Narayan, Chitra. "Legislation Seeks to Boost Mediation Use For Commercial Matters in India." Alternatives to the High Cost of Litigation 36, no. 9 (October 2018): 131–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/alt.21751.

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27

Haibach, Georg. "The Mutual Recognition of Decisions in Civil and Commercial Matters in the European Union in the Light of the Full Faith and Credit Clause of the U.S. Constitution." Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law 10, no. 3 (September 2003): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1023263x0301000304.

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In the conclusions of the European Council of Tampere and the Council Programme of Measures for Implementation of the Principle of Mutual Recognition of Decisions in Civil and Commercial Matters, the European Union approved the principle of mutual recognition of judicial decisions in order to remove barriers to the ‘free movement of judgments’. When the U.S. Constitution was drafted more than 200 years ago, the same problem had to be tackled. Article IV Section 1 of the Constitution was the solution found at the time. This article gives an overview over the state of play of the Community activities concerning the mutual recognition of decisions in civil and commercial matters, seen from the perspective of the U.S. Constitution.

28

Nekrošius, Vytautas. "Europos Sąjungos valstybių narių bendradarbiavimas renkant įrodymus civilinėse ir komercinėse bylose." Teisė 75 (January 1, 2010): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/teise.2010.0.240.

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Straipsnyje analizuojamos 2001 m. gegužės 28 d. ES reglamento (EB) Nr. 1206/2001 dėl valstybių narių teismų tarpusavio bendradarbiavimo renkant įrodymus civilinėse ar komercinėse bylose pagrindinės nuostatos. Pagrindžiamas jo būtinumas, santykis ir pranašumai, palyginti su 1970 m. kovo 18 d. konvencija dėl įrodymų civilinėse arba komercinėse bylose paėmimo užsienyje. The article describes the reasons stipulated adoption of the Council Regulation (EC) No 1206/2001 of 28 May 2001 on cooperation between the courts of the Member States in the taking of evidence in civil or commercial matters and its relation and advantages in regard to Hague Convention of 18 March 1970 on the Taking of Evidence Abroad in Civil or Commercial Matters.

29

Abeyratne, Ruwantissa. "Carbon Trading in Commercial Aviation." Journal of World Trade 43, Issue 3 (June 1, 2009): 641–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2009026.

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The air transport product permeates national boundaries and therefore makes it impossible for one to localize aircraft engine emissions in terms of calculating the quantum of air pollution by an international flight over the territorial boundary of a nation State. To make matters more complicated, there has been no attempt so far by the international aviation community at reaching a global regulatory system by way of an international treaty that could bind nations of the world to a uniform set of rules applicable to financial instruments that would ensure an equitable and just ‘polluter pays’ system. The furthest we have come is the work carried out so far on emissions trading as a market-based option by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), which has been working, with a view to evaluating possible ways and means to achieve a global consensus. This article contains a discussion of carbon trading, its consequences, and the legal issues that have emerged as a result of unilateral action in the introduction of an emissions trading scheme. The discussions are presented against the backdrop of the work of ICAO.

30

Pavić, Vladimir. "Bribery and International Commercial Arbitration – the Role of Mandatory Rules and Public Policy." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 43, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v43i4.5016.

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Although designed to resolve private disputes, usually commercial in nature, arbitration may nevertheless encounter during its course allegations of impropriety and criminal behaviour. In the context of international commercial arbitration, the most common of those are allegations of bribery. However, tribunals may adjudicate only matters of private law and, should they establish existence of bribery, may draw only civil law consequences thereof. An additional problem in this respect is determining the body of rules that will be applicable in defining the very notion of bribery, since some aspects of bribery are almost universally prohibited, while the others are banned only in certain jurisdictions. In determining the law applicable to the matters of bribery, tribunals then face choice-of-law dilemmas. Each of the public policy techniques (overriding mandatory provisions, international and/or transnational) has its strengths and weaknesses.

31

Johnston, David. "Law and commercial life of Rome." Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society 43 (1998): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068673500002145.

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Nearly thirty years ago, John Crook's well-known book Law and life of Rome provided what remains the most sustained and wide-ranging survey of the place of Roman law in Roman society. Chapter 7, ‘Commerce’, begins with the observation that in Roman times trade and business were relatively insignificant compared with land. No doubt few would disagree. But in recent years historians have done much to illuminate such questions of economic history as patterns of trade and consumption. Certain other matters, however, remain comparatively obscure. The non-legal sources are sufficiently unhelpful that it becomes important to have regard to the messages contained in the legal sources; and in them there is sufficient material to allow us to consider how the law shaped or was shaped by commercial life. The particular questions on which this paper touches are the type of labour – free or slave, dependent or independent – which was employed in commerce; and the manner in which commercial businesses were organized during the principate.

32

Gorton, Lars. "Global Business: National Law, EU Law and International Customs and Contracts." European Business Law Review 27, Issue 3 (June 1, 2016): 421–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eulr2016019.

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Lars Gorton is a professor emeritus presently connected to the Stockholm Centre of Commercial Law at the Stockholm University Law faculty. He has previously been engaged as professor of Banking Law at the university of Lund and as professor adiunct at the Stockholm School of Economics and the Copenhagen Business School. He is presently mainly engaged with matters related to General Commercial Law including Financial and Credit law. This article presents some overview of commercial law developments in the EU against a wider context.

33

Garnett, Richard. "Article 5 of the Model Law: Protector of the Arbitral Process?" Journal of International Arbitration 38, Issue 2 (April 1, 2021): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia2021008.

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The question of judicial intervention remains highly significant in international commercial arbitration. Article 5 of the Model Law was included in the text both to identify those matters in which intervention is permitted and to define the nature and manner of such intervention. While Article 5 has been largely effective in regulating judicial intervention in matters expressly governed by the Model Law, the issue of abuse of process raised by the presence of concurrent court and arbitration proceedings has been more contentious. This article contends that this issue should also fall within the scope of the Model Law as a matter concerning court intervention in arbitral jurisdiction. While Article 5 does not directly apply to foreign-seated arbitrations, the policies of limited court intervention and respect for arbitral jurisdiction should still be influential. arbitration, judicial intervention, UNCITRAL Model Law, Article 5, abuse of process, anti-suit injunction, anti-arbitration injunction

34

Girmenia, Corrado. "Why MIC matters? Microbiologists vs. clinicians." Reviews in Health Care 4, no. 1S (July 11, 2013): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7175/rhc.v4i1s.863.

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Several mechanisms of resistance may interfere with the patients’ healing from a fungal infection. However, in premature children fungi are generally susceptible to antifungal agents, except in case of vertical transmission from the mother. In vitro sensitivity tests have been recently harmonized between American and European standards, after years of unhomogeneity: to date, the interpretation of epidemiological cut-off of wild-type population and clinical cut-off are common, and are often updated. Sensitivity tests are difficult to perform, but luckily new commercial tests approvedby FDA are available. Sometimes, knowing the intrinsic sensitivities and resistances of every fungal species and subspecies may be enough in the clinical practice, since few resistances are acquired.

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Okinčic, Sebastjan. "„Brexito“ įtaka tarptautiniam bylinėjimuisi." Teisė 128 (October 5, 2023): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/teise.2023.128.9.

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By concentrating on the few recognised instruments of private international law, the article analyses problems in international commercial dispute resolution arising from Brexit. In particular, the paper deals with the relevance of, firstly, the 2007 Lugano Convention on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters; secondly, the 2005 Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements; and, thirdly, the 2019 Hague Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Civil or Commercial Matters, all in the context of Brexit. Contextual analysis of each of the said instruments pays particular attention to the challenges specific to each of them. Therefore, for example, the article discusses the EU’s arguments in relation to its refusal to allow the United Kingdom to join the aforementioned 2007 Lugano Convention as well as varying perspectives on the moment when the 2005 Hague Convention begins to apply to the United Kingdom. Finally, the paper discusses the relevance of the recent 2019 Hague Convention in the context of Brexit.

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Xu, Wei Hong. "On the Feasibility of Introducing Commercial Insurance into Major Sports Events." Advanced Materials Research 709 (June 2013): 744–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.709.744.

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With the vigorous development of competitive sports, the scale of sports events is becoming larger and larger, causing fundamental influence on the hosting city in terms of economy, politics and culture. Therefore, as a starting point, this thesis focuses on the study of the importance of commercial insurance in major sports events. The feasibility of introducing commercial insurance into major sports events is analyzed in this thesis and so are the relevant matters.

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Bogdan, Michael. "The Recognition in Sweden of Money Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters." Nordic Journal of International Law 54, no. 1-2 (1985): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187529385x00200.

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Rühl, Giesela. "JUDICIAL COOPERATION IN CIVIL AND COMMERCIAL MATTERS AFTER BREXIT: WHICH WAY FORWARD?" International and Comparative Law Quarterly 67, no. 1 (January 2018): 99–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589317000574.

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AbstractJudicial cooperation in civil and commercial matters is generally perceived to be of a rather ‘specialist and technical nature’. However, for the many UK and EU citizens, families and businesses who work, live, travel and do business abroad, the current European framework for choice of law, jurisdiction and recognition and enforcement is of paramount importance. The article, therefore, explores how that framework might look like after Brexit and explores the merits and demerits of the various ways forward. It argues that the best option for both the UK and the EU would be to agree on the continued application of the existing EU instruments or to strive for conclusion of a new agreement that closely replicates these instruments. If no such agreement can be reached the UK should decide to apply the Rome I and Rome II Regulations unilaterally and sign the Lugano Convention of 2007 as well as the Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements of 2005.

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Karayanidi, Milana. "Adjudicative Jurisdiction in Civil and Commercial Matters in Russia: Analysis and Commentary†." American Journal of Comparative Law 64, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 981–1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcl/avx002.

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Bogdan, Michael. "THE RECOGNITION IN SWEDEN OF MONEY JUDGMENTS IN CIVIL AND COMMERCIAL MATTERS." Nordic Journal of International Law 54, no. 3-4 (January 1, 1985): 85–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181085x00077.

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Tso, Chih-ping, Cheng-min Zhung, Yang-hsin Shih, Young-Ming Tseng, Shian-chee Wu, and Ruey-an Doong. "Stability of metal oxide nanoparticles in aqueous solutions." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.787.

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The application of nanoparticles in the processes of making commercial products has increased in recent years due to their unique physical and chemical properties. With increasing amount of commercial nanoparticles released into nature, their fate and effects on the ecosystem and human health are of growing concern. This study investigated the stability and morphology of three metal oxide nanoparticles in aqueous solutions. The commercially available nanoparticles, TiO2, ZnO, SiO2, aggregated quickly into micrometer-size particles in aqueous solutions, which may not threaten human health. Their changes in morphology and characteristics were further examined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) method and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Among the several dispersion approaches, ultrasonication was found to be the most effective for disaggregating nanoparticles in water. For these three selected nanoparticles, ZnO could not remain stable in suspensions, presumably due to the dissolution of particles to form high concentration of ions, resulting in enhanced aggregation of particles. In addition, the existence of dissolved organic matters stabilized nanoparticles in lake water and wastewater for several hours in spite of the high concentration of cations in these real-water samples. The fate of metal oxide nanoparticles in natural water bodies would be determined by the type and concentration of cations and organic matters. Results obtained in this study revealed that the stability of nanoparticles changed under different aqueous conditions and so did their fate in the environment.

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Cole, Shawn, Daniel Stein, and Jeremy Tobacman. "Dynamics of Demand for Index Insurance: Evidence from a Long-Run Field Experiment." American Economic Review 104, no. 5 (May 1, 2014): 284–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.104.5.284.

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This paper estimates how experimentally-manipulated experiences with a novel financial product, rainfall index insurance, affect subsequent insurance demand. Using a seven-year panel, we develop three main findings. First, recent experience matters for demand, consistent with overinference from small samples. Second, spillovers also matter, in the sense that the recent payout experience of village co-residents affects insurance demand about as much as one's own recent payout experience. Third, the spillover effect decays as time passes while the effect of one's own experience does not. We discuss implications of this analysis for commercial sustainability of this complicated but promising risk management technology.

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Lytneva, N. A., V. B. Malitskaya, and M. B. Chirkova. "Methods and Techniques of Probability Diagnostics of Commercial Organizations Bankruptcy." Education and Science without Limits Fundamental and Applied Researches, no. 17 (2023): 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.36683/2500-249x/2023-17/180-187.

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The article discusses methodological foundations of diagnostics and analysis of or-ganizations insolvency and possible bankruptcy under conditions of economic crisis, which require enterprises mobility in the matters of ensuring stable financial position, independ-ence from credit resources, rational use of material and financial resources, creating equity capital that provides own financing of business organization processes. Classification char-acteristics of bankruptcy types, methods of assessing the first signs and factors affecting the companies’ insolvency are considered. The results of the study are useful for making timely effective management decisions.

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Risco-Ramos, Redy, Daniel Pérez-Aguilar, Luis Casaverde-Pacherrez, and Edilberto Vásquez-Díaz. "Use of a business intelligence framework in the management of the quality of the electricity supply in small and medium-sized companies." DYNA 89, no. 221 (April 25, 2022): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v89n221.99085.

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This work shows a method based on Business Intelligence and its application for solving issues and problems in small and medium industries. In this matter, methodologies used by specialists were investigated: three methods were chosen and evaluated, and, of them, the CRISP-DM (Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining) methodology was used as a reference. Making an unconventional use of a commercial BI platform, the methodology was applied to a real case study: an agro-industrial company. After the application of the methodology and the descriptive, diagnostic and prescriptive analyzes, information and knowledge were found that allowed to propose the deployment of corrective measures that will improve the management of the company's electricity supply. This showed that these tools not only have application in commercial matters but also in the management of the electricity supply and, therefore, in the organizational performance of the company.

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Abdussalam, Moshood. "Rethinking the signature rule and the sufficiency of signatures as evidence of notice of terms in (business-to-business) commercial contracts." Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 74, no. 3 (December 7, 2023): 439–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.53386/nilq.v74i3.1036.

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Using socio-economic analysis, this article critiques the oversimplification at the heart of the signature rule, which governs sufficiency in the notice of terms to a contractual counterparty concerning signed contracts in Commonwealth common law jurisdictions. As demonstrated in this article, two main factors account for the inadequacy of the signature rule as currently conceived. The first is the assumption that commercial entities are sophisticated. Second, in contested cases concerning notice, only manifest onerousness or unusualness of terms should warrant a heightened duty of notification on an offeror. This article argues that the signature rule lacks nuance and should be reformed to account for context-specificity. This is because: a) commercial sophistication is a matter of gradation; and b) terms need not be unusual or onerous to require heightened disclosure requirements – what matters for specific disclosure is the salience or peculiarity of a term.

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Wouters, Ruud. "From the Street to the Screen: Characteristics of Protest Events as Determinants of Television News Coverage." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 18, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 83–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.18.1.y6067731j4844067.

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Media attention is a crucial resource for demonstrators seeking to influence policy. This article assesses the determinants of television coverage for protest events. Police archive data for the city of Brussels is compared to newscast data of the biggest public and commercial station in Belgium (2003-2010). Results show that few demonstrations pass the television gates (11%). Above all, protest size accounts for newsworthiness. Disruptive and symbolic actions also attract the media spotlight, confirming drama and visuals as critical television news values. Whereas symbolism matters for media presence, it does not hold for headline (prominence) or length of coverage (volume). New social movements are especially likely to stage symbolic actions. As a consequence, their presence on the screen is less a function of their numeric weight in the street. Distinctive selection mechanisms are at work on the commercial and public broadcaster, suggesting that media ownership matters for news selection.

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Dinda Rizqiyatul Himmah. "KONVENSI PUTUSAN PENGADILAN ASING DEN HAAG 2019: PERSPEKTIF HUKUM PERDATA INTERNASIONAL INDONESIA." Mimbar Hukum 34, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 618–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/mh.v34i2.3485.

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Abstract The issue of recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments is one of the scopes of Private International Law. On 2 July 2019, the Hague Conference on Private International Law (HCCH), as an inter-governmental organization facilitating cross-border cooperation in civil or commercial matters, has concluded the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Civil or Commercial Matters (Judgments Convention). This Convention aims to facilitate cross-border recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments within member states. This research aiming to examine the perspective of Indonesian Private International Law towards the Convention as well as the possibility for Indonesia to ratify the Convention. The conducted research shows that there is yet urgency for Indonesia to ratify the Judgments Convention at the moment. Abstrak Isu hukum mengenai pengakuan dan pelaksanaan putusan pengadilan asing merupakan salah satu ruang lingkup utama dalam Hukum Perdata Internasional. Pada 2 Juli 2019, the Hague Conference on Private International Law (HCCH), sebagai organisasi antar pemerintah yang mendukung kerja sama lintas batas negara dalam ranah perdata dan komersial, telah mencapai konklusi atas Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Civil or Commercial Matters (Judgments Convention). Konvensi ini ditujukan untuk memfasilitasi pengakuan dan pelaksanaan putusan pengadilan asing di antara para negara anggota dari Konvensi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji lebih dalam mengenai perspektif Hukum Perdata Internasional Indonesia terhadap Konvensi yang mengatur mengenai pengakuan dan pelaksanaan putusan pengadilan asing, serta kemungkinan Indonesia untuk meratifikasi Konvensi tersebut. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa saat ini belum terdapat urgensi bagi Indonesia untuk meratifikasi Judgments Convention.

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Nadstazik, Luiza. "Report on the scientific conference Thirty Years of the Polish-Ukrainian Agreement of 1993 on Legal Aid: Evaluation of Effectiveness in Civil and Commercial Matters." Kwartalnik Prawa Międzynarodowego II, no. II (June 30, 2023): 287–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.7267.

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The report focuses on the international scientific conference Thirty Years of the Polish-Ukrainian Agreement of 1993 on Legal Aid: Evaluation of Effectiveness in Civil and Commercial Matters held on March 20, 2023, at the University of Warsaw. During the conference proceedings, the following issues were discussed: the significance of the 1993 Agreement as a source of law, its procedural issues, commercial contracts and ADR, registration of civil status in Polish-Ukrainian relations and conflict-of-law issues in relations with Ukraine.

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Castagna, Stefano. "The Benefits of Differentiated Transparency. Proposal for Graduated Confidentiality Regimes within International Tax Disputes." Intertax 48, Issue 12 (November 1, 2020): 1125–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2020113.

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To date, legislators and policymakers have not yet used any explicit policy criterion to balance transparency matters when dealing with EU and OECD tax dispute resolution reforms. This article wants to fill this void by providing a unique tool for implementing changes in international tax dispute resolution mechanisms, balancing different expectations and needs of stakeholders. Providing an example of its application, it proposes the use of differentiated levels of transparency according to stakeholders’ interests to ensure efficiency and fairness of outcome. The article employs principles of data protection regulations as a means to propose changes, drawing inspiration from comparable dispute resolution regimes that deal with taxation matters (Investor-State Dispute Settlement, International Commercial Arbitration and World Trade Organization dispute resolution mechanism). It concludes by providing proposals to render more efficient the current EU and OECD tax dispute resolution mechanisms. Transparency, dispute resolution, international arbitration, legitimate interests, reform, WTO, ICSID, commercial arbitration, EU tax, OECD.

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Jones, Amanda M., Marshall T. Van de Wyngaerde, Erika T. Machtinger, Edwin G. Rajotte, and Thomas C. Baker. "Choice of Laboratory Tissue Homogenizers Matters When Recovering Nucleic Acid From Medically Important Ticks." Journal of Medical Entomology 57, no. 4 (January 23, 2020): 1221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaa006.

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Abstract Ticks can vector and transmit many pathogens and pose a serious human health threat throughout the world. After collection, many diagnostic laboratories must mechanically disrupt tick specimens for diagnostic testing and research purposes, but few studies have evaluated how well-commercial tissue homogenizers perform this task. We evaluated four commercially available tissue homogenizers: The Bead Ruptor 24 Elite, the Bullet Blender Storm, the gentleMACS Dissociator, and the Precellys 24. We quantitatively compared maceration level, nucleic acid quality, quantity, amplification, and DNA shearing to determine which machines performed the best. The Bead Ruptor 24 Elite had the highest overall score when disrupting a single, uninfected adult Amblyomma americanum (Linnaeus) (Ixodida: Ixodidae) and performed well in follow-on tests including disrupting individual juvenile samples and detecting pathogens from infected samples.