Статті в журналах: "Commercial effect"

1

Meenaghan, Tony, and David Shipley. "Media effect in commercial sponsorship." European Journal of Marketing 33, no. 3/4 (April 1999): 328–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03090569910253170.

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2

Harun, Syed M., M. Kabir Hassan, and Tarek S. Zaher. "Effect of Monetary Policy on Commercial Banks Across Different Business Conditions." Multinational Finance Journal 9, no. 1/2 (June 1, 2005): 99–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.17578/9-1/2-5.

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3

Bocca, Jean Rodrigo, Silvia L. Favaro, Cleber S. Alves, Alexandre M. G. Carvalho, Jader R. Barbosa, Andressa dos Santos, Flávio C. Colman, Wagner A. dos S. Conceição, Christian Caglioni, and Eduardo Radovanovic. "Giant barocaloric effect in commercial polyurethane." Polymer Testing 100 (August 2021): 107251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2021.107251.

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4

Urlić, Branimir, Marko Runjić, Katja Žanić, Marija Mandušić, Gabriela Vuletin Selak, Igor Pasković, and Gvozden Dumičić. "Effect of partial root-zone drying on grafted tomato in commercial greenhouse." Horticultural Science 47, No. 1 (March 31, 2020): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/130/2018-hortsci.

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For two years, the tomatoes (cv. ‘Belle’ and ‘Clarabella’), ungrafted, self-grafted and grafted onto the ‘He-man’ rootstock, were grown under two irrigation regimes, i.e., partial-root zone drying (PRD) and fully irrigated (FI), to investigate whether grafting can alleviate drought stress and promote water-use efficiency (WUE). The grafted plants under the FI regime had the highest vegetative growth, which was the result of more leaves and greater leaf area and were only significantly different from the PRD grown ungrafted plants. The grafted plants had the highest yield as a result of the greater number of larger fruits and the yield did not differ between the irrigation treatments. No differences were found in the leaf NPK concentrations, while the Ca and Mg were higher under the PRD regime. The ungrafted plants under the PRD regime had the highest total soluble solids and acidity in the fruit juice. The grafted plants had a significantly higher WUE, more pronounced in the PRD regime. The different types of irrigation did not influence the vegetative growth and the yield in the greenhouse grown grafted tomato. The PRD and rootstock effects should be additionally investigated with deficit irrigation.

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5

FIGUEROA-GONZÁLEZ, Ivonne, Gabriela RODRÍGUEZ-SERRANO, Lorena GÓMEZ-RUIZ, Mariano GARCÍA-GARIBAY, and Alma CRUZ-GUERRERO. "Prebiotic effect of commercial saccharides on probiotic bacteria isolated from commercial products." Food Science and Technology 39, no. 3 (September 2019): 747–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/fst.07318.

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6

Ajmi Jameel Al-Dhaimesh, Hel. "The effect of monetary and financial variables on share prices of Jordanian commercial banks." Banks and Bank Systems 15, no. 3 (September 25, 2020): 147–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.15(3).2020.13.

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This study aims to examine the effect of monetary and financial variables on share prices of Jordanian commercial banks for the period 2001–2018. The monetary variables used in the research include broad money supply, the interest rate on time deposits and inflation, while financial variables include both the deficit of the general budget and government expenditures, and the general government domestic debt. A multiple linear regression equation is designed using E-Views program to test this effect. The study shows that there is a significant positive effect of broad money supply, whereas a negative effect of the general budget deficit and a positive effect of the domestic debt on share prices of commercial banks in Jordan for the specified period. In contrast, there is no effect of both inflation and the interest rate on time deposits and government expenditures on the price of shares of Jordanian commercial banks. The study recommends taking into account the relationship between the variables mentioned in the prices of shares of commercial banks when setting monetary and financial policies by the central bank and the government to determine the extent to which these variables reflect share prices of Jordanian commercial banks. Overall, the regression model reached R2 = 0.63, and this means that 63% of the change in the share prices of Jordanian commercial banks is due to changes in the independent variables included in the model.

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7

Hendriks, Berna, Frank van Meurs, and Els van der Meij. "Does a Foreign Accent Sell? The Effect of Foreign Accents in Radio Commercials for Congruent and Non-Congruent Products." Multilingua 34, no. 1 (August 22, 2014): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/multi-2013-0048.

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Abstract Commercials regularly feature foreign accents. This paper aims to investigate whether the use of foreign accents in radio commercials is more effective for congruent than incongruent products, and whether foreign-accented commercials are evaluated differently than non-accented commercials. In an experiment, a group of 228 Dutch participants rated non-accented and accented commercials for four different products in a between-subject design. The products were either congruent or incongruent with the foreign accent in the commercial (e.g. a German-accented commercial for sausage vs. olive oil). Foreign-accented commercials for congruent products were assessed more positively on a number of variables than foreign-accented commercials for incongruent products. Foreign-accented commercials were rated more negatively than commercials without a foreign accent.

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8

Sporta, Fred. "The Distressing Effect of Non-Performing Assets to Asset Quality for Commercial Banks in Kenya." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 3, no. 6 (2018): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijied.1849-7551-7020.2015.36.2006.

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Non-performing Assets is a ratio necessary when identifying financial distress effect on asset quality of financial institutions in Kenya specifically commercial banks in Kenya. Financial distress and asset quality have often been discussed separately in details, but not as satisfactorily this is because of its role of asset quality on distress risk levels of commercial banks. The current research established the distressing effect of non-performing assets on asset quality of Kenyan commercial banks. Nonloan ratio was represented by two variables: Non-performing assets to total loans ratio and Loan loss provision ratio. Thirty-eight Kenyan commercial banks were used for analysis for an eleven year period (2005-2015). Financial statements of commercial banks from CBK was used to extract secondary data for analysis. Results indicated that there a relationship between financial performance and capital adequacy regarding financial distress risk level. A correlation and panel regression analyses were carried out mainly to determine whether there was a relationship of non-performing assets and asset quality of commercial banks in Kenya, the outcome of the study indicated a positive relationship between Non-performing assets and asset quality. This study specifically gives a mindful and sense of reference to the depositor, all banking institutions including the commercial banks and policy-makers to high standards of asset quality by ensuring proper additional guidelines and controls are put in place to guard against non-performing loans.

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9

Vasiljević, Mirko. "Commercial companies and commercial courts." Pravo i privreda 58, no. 3 (2020): 7–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/pip2003007v.

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The company law rules governing commercial companies, being a special sphere of substantive law, are not and cannot by themselves constitute a closed regulatory system. Practical legal life of numerous substantive institutes of company law is possible only within the complete legal surrounding and in delicate cooperation between substantive and procedural regulation. At this moment, the Serbian legal scene is characterized by an evident gap between legislative aspiration which covers the sphere of substantive provisions governing commercial companies (Law on commercial companies) aimed at following the trends of the company law regulation in the leading European countries and harmonised regulation within this sphere on the level of EU and regulation which covers the procedure of enforcement of those institutes in practice, both contentious and extra contentious, both judicial and arbitration. Of course, this does not mean that regulation of substantive law institutes, especially the institutes which have their procedural side, is always fully acceptable and exemplary in all their aspects. In this article the author critically discusses, before all, shortcomings of Serbian companies' regulation which governs substantive law institutes having corresponding procedural aspects: arbitrability of internal company disputes (companies' members - members, members - board of directors, companies' members - company) and special companies' actions that are recognized and regulated by law (arbitrability of derivative action, arbitrability of individual action, arbitrability of class action); shortcomings of existing substantive legal regime of derivative action, which are the main reason of the scarce presence of this type of action in judicial practice; shortcomings of existing legal regime of individual action (especially on the level of covering the zone of reflective losses), as well as the shortcomings of legal regime of the class action as a kind of collective action (especially of its legal effect on non-participants in the procedure before courts or arbitration) and, finally, representative actions. The author draws the conclusion that it is necessary to review the substantive regulation in order to remove any possible ground for interpretation that internal companies' disputes are not arbitrable (capable of being resolved by arbitration under the arbitration agreement). In the same vein, the author submits that it is necessary to thoroughly modify the existing procedural regulation, in order to make procedural aspects of company lawsuits more straightforward and indisputable (litispendancy objection and res iudicata objection - the need to establish only the objective identity of the subject-matter of the disputes, procedural costs related to derivative actions, legal effect of class action on non-participants in litigation or arbitration procedure, practical aspects of representative legal actions and so on). Finally, the author proposes the introduction of the possibility for alternative competence of public notaries for numerous extra-contentious procedures which can now be brought only before commercial courts. As an argument in favour of this proposal, the author puts forward that, at present, public notaries are competent to perform various non-contentions procedures (this could partly compensate for their almost complete non-justifiable exclusion from the sphere of company law, which is the current approach taken by the Serbian public notary law).

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10

Zia Aftab Khan, Muhammad, and Ji Hyun Park. "Retraction: The effect of human capital on performance of East African commercial banks." Banks and Bank Systems 15, no. 2 (April 28, 2020): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.15(2).2020.06.

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Retracted on the 7th of July, 2020 by the Journal’s Editor-in-Chief request dated July 3th 2020. The type of retraction – plagiarism. The Editor-in-Chief of the journal was asked to retract this article because of plagiarism. The request came from the author of the article, which was published 8 months before the retracted article was published in “Banks and Bank Systems” journal. The author(s) insisted that the article completely repeated his own, i.e. contained a high level of plagiarism that could not be corrected. Editorial staff carried out an investigation into plagiarism in the article published. When the manuscript was submitted to the Journals for consideration, the authors signed the Cover letter and attested to the fact that their manuscript is an original research and has not been published before. After that, the manuscript was accepted for consideration by the Managing Editor and was tested for plagiarism using the iThenticate program. Plagiarism was not detected. Later, after the article complaint and the statement of plagiarism, we used all the sources and resources provided by the complainant, the article was re-tested for plagiarism, and plagiarism was established According to the results of the investigation, the editorial board decided to retract the article on July 7, 2020. The authors were notified of such a decision.

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11

Uchenna Okoye, Lawrence, Felicia Olokoyo, Johnson I. Okoh, Felix Ezeji, and Rhoda Uzohue. "Effect of corporate governance on the financial performance of commercial banks in Nigeria." Banks and Bank Systems 15, no. 3 (August 14, 2020): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.15(3).2020.06.

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Анотація:

Banks are expected to operate within acceptable standards of governance for consistent profitable operations. They run heavily on customer deposits, which is confidence-driven. Since the quality of governance is critical to winning and retaining customer confidence and patronage, the imperative for good governance practices in banks cannot be overemphasized. This research paper explores the nexus between governance practices and bank profitability in Nigeria. It adopts the size of bank board and directors’ stake as proxies for corporate governance, with return on assets and return on equity as representations for financial performance. The research incorporates firm size as a controlled variable. The estimation technique of the Generalized Method of Moments was employed. Evidence from the research reveals that board size, directors’ equity, and firm size substantially affect Nigerian banks’ financial performance. Besides, the study shows a robust effect of lagged return on equity on the current level of performance. Therefore, the study asserts that governance in business entities strongly affects their financial performance and recommends maintaining optimum board size to minimize boardroom conflicts. It further prescribes that the requirement for substantial equity stake by directors of banking institutions be sustained, as it secures commitment to governance practices that support profitability. AcknowledgmentThe authors acknowledge the support of Covenant University towards the publication of this paper.

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12

Silva, G. O., and M. Mulato. "Urea Detection Using Commercial Field Effect Transistors." ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology 7, no. 7 (2018): Q3014—Q3019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.0031807jss.

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13

Srinivasan, Divya, Harshad Pathak, Pratyush Panjwani, and Punya Varma. "Effect of bribery in international commercial arbitration." International Journal of Public Law and Policy 4, no. 2 (2014): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijplap.2014.060080.

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14

singh, Jiya. "EFFECT OF COMMERCIAL ADS ON CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR." International Journal of Advanced Research 7, no. 2 (February 28, 2019): 1072–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/8582.

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15

Watt, S. J. "Effect of commercial diving on ventilatory function." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 42, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.42.1.59.

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16

Schulz, K. S., P. H. Kass, S. M. Stover, and D. R. Mason. "Effect of stem flattening on rotational stability of a canine femoral total hip component in polymethylmethacrylate cement." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 16, no. 04 (October 2003): 238–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1632786.

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SummaryThis study was designed to determine the effect of flattening the lateral aspect of a commercially available femoral prosthesis on its rotational stability in polymethylmethacrylate cement. Five standard design and five laterally flattened size 7 canine femoral components were evaluated. The stems were embedded in commercially available medical grade polymethylmethacrylate and rotated 15° while torque and angular displacement data were collected. The stiffness, yield and failure variables were compared between commercial and flattened stems. None of the mechanical testing variables were statistically different between commercial and flattened stems although all of the mean values for flattened stems were higher (1-30%) than mean values for commercial stems. Rotational stability of a canine total hip replacement femoral component was not significantly enhanced by the flattened component design modification evaluated by the testing protocol in this study.

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17

Kitsawad, Kamolnate, Blessing Amarachi Joseph, and Tatsawan Tipvarakarnkoon. "Effect of heat on the sensory quality of jaew sauce." British Food Journal 119, no. 10 (October 2, 2017): 2161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-10-2016-0493.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the changes in sensory qualities of jaew sauce as heat is applied and to determine its acceptance level among Thai and foreign consumers. Design/methodology/approach Jaew sauce was heated for six hours and samples were collected at 1.5 hours interval. The color of jaew sauce was measured using color spectrophotometer and consumers examined the underlying sensory qualities of jaew sauce using sorting technique. A total of 40 Thai and foreign consumers were asked to sort the commercial and the heated jaew sauce samples according to the similarities and dissimilarities in sensory characteristics and provide descriptions for explanation of each group. A consumer test with 100 Thai and foreign consumers was also conducted to determine the acceptance of jaew sauce. Findings Alterations in the sensory qualities, mainly color, were observed. Prolong heating resulted in darker color. The sorting results showed that Thai and foreign consumers have similar perception of jaew sauce. Similar groupings of jaew sauce was observed, which could be divided into four groups, commercial, 0 hour heating, 1.5 and 3 hours heating, and 4.5 and 6 hours heating. Agreeing results of both Thai and foreign consumers showed that commercial and 0 hour heating samples were most preferred and the acceptance of jaew sauce decreased as it was heated. Originality/value Despite the extensive usage of jaew, very few are available commercially in the market. The fact that Thai and foreign consumers have similar preference infer that jaew sauce has a high potential to be adopted and accepted among foreigners to a large extent if available commercially. This study also provides a basis into further research on an appropriate packaging and shelf-life study of jaew sauce for commercial purposes.

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18

Lima, Lurdes, Pedro Valverde, and Jacqueline Zanabria. "Effect of commercial sterilization on packaged “adobo arequipeño”." Agroindustrial Science 9, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/agroind.sci.2019.02.02.

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19

Manzi, Pamela, Stefania Marconi, Altero Aguzzi, and Laura Pizzoferrato. "Commercial mushrooms: nutritional quality and effect of cooking." Food Chemistry 84, no. 2 (February 2004): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0308-8146(03)00202-4.

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20

EIKA, C. "The Platelet Aggregating Effect of Eight Commercial Heparins." Scandinavian Journal of Haematology 9, no. 1-6 (April 24, 2009): 480–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0609.1972.tb00973.x.

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21

Xi, Wen Chang, Qing Cai Liu, De Liang Niu, Jian Yang, Qiang Yang, Yuan Peng, Xiao Yan Zhou, He Kun Zhang, and Hong Yan. "Effect of Cordierite-Modified on SCR Commercial Catalyst." Advanced Materials Research 960-961 (June 2014): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.960-961.176.

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The V2O5-WO3/TiO2honeycomb catalysts with cordierite modified were prepared by solid-liquid mixing method. Its thermal stability, crystal structure, abrasion resistance and activity were studied by XRD, abrasion equipment and simulated flue gas analyzer,respectively. The results indicated that V2O5-WO3/Cordierite-TiO2honeycomb catalyst possessed a better thermal stability, mechanical property and activity at the higher temperature comparing to commercial catalyst. There was no rutile phase present after the catalysts were calcined at 700°C, and the vanadia and tungsten trioxide phases could be apparently visible on TiO2. Key word:V2O5-WO3/ TiO2; Cordierite; flue gas denitrification; NOx; selective catalytic reduction (SCR)

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22

Ertani, Andrea, Ornella Francioso, Vitaliano Tugnoli, Valeria Righi, and Serenella Nardi. "Effect of Commercial Lignosulfonate-Humate onZea maysL. Metabolism." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 59, no. 22 (November 23, 2011): 11940–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf202473e.

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23

Spingler, Franz B., Maik Naumann, and Andreas Jossen. "Capacity Recovery Effect in Commercial LiFePO4 / Graphite Cells." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 167, no. 4 (March 5, 2020): 040526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ab7900.

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24

LY, Pierre. "THE EFFECT OF OWNERSHIP IN NGOS’ COMMERCIAL VENTURES." Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics 83, no. 2 (April 24, 2012): 159–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8292.2012.00459.x.

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25

Hornby, S., R. Walters, N. Tierney, Y. Appa, G. Dorfman, and Y. Kamath. "Effect of commercial cleansers on skin barrier permeability." Skin Research and Technology 22, no. 2 (June 10, 2015): 196–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/srt.12250.

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26

Sun, Hua-ping, Jun Wu, Tian Tang, Bo Fan, and Zheng-hua Tang. "Effect of vanadium carbide on commercial pure aluminum." International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials 24, no. 7 (June 30, 2017): 833–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12613-017-1467-5.

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27

Crossan, Denise, Pat Ibbotson, and Jim Bell. "The hologram effect in entrepreneurial “social commercial” enterprises." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 18, no. 4 (October 25, 2011): 655–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14626001111179730.

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PurposeThe paper's purpose is to present qualitative findings describing entrepreneurial differentiations between non‐profit organisations along a social economic continuum. The paper aims to focus on those non‐profit organisations classified as “social” and those more entrepreneurial behaving organisations classified as “social commercial”.Design/methodology/approachThe data were taken from recent research examining current classification systems and performance measurement indicators applied to not‐for‐profit and for‐profit organisations in an Irish regional context. Having reviewed the extant literature on classification systems and measurement indicators for non‐profit organisations, the social economic continuum model and theoretical measurement framework were developed. In order to test the models, the study employed a pragmatist mixed methodological approach; employing quantitative surveys and in‐depth interviews.FindingsThe paper presents key entrepreneurial differentiating themes between “social” and “social commercial” organisations, and discusses the triggers that produce a “hologram” effect or style of management in the third sector.Practical implicationsThe identification of entrepreneurial themes allows for the analysis of the non‐profit organisations from overly social in their activities and presentation, to overly economic in their behaviour. It allows for a greater understanding of the management processes employed by non‐profit organisations to create social value and meet their social aims and purpose.Originality/valueThe paper carries out a unique inter‐sector comparison of non‐profit organisations to determine entrepreneurial differentiations amongst non‐profit businesses employing entrepreneurial methodologies and behaviours to achieve social good.

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28

Dikmen, S., I. I. Turkmen, H. Ustuner, F. Alpay, F. Balci, M. Petek, and M. Ogan. "Effect of weaning system on lamb growth and commercial milk production of Awassi dairy sheep." Czech Journal of Animal Science 52, No. 3 (January 7, 2008): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2357-cjas.

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To determine the effect of weaning system on Awassi sheep milk production and lamb growth, 68 Awassi ewes and their lambs (n = 104) were assigned to one of the following treatment groups a) after 3 days from birth (MIX), ewes were separated from their lambs during the evening for 15 h and milked once daily in the morning, and their lambs were allowed to suckle for 9 h during the day or b) ewes were not milked and suckled by their lambs (DY60) during the first 60 days of lactation. Ewes and their lambs were assigned to the groups according to ewe’s age, parturition date, sex of the lamb and birth type. All lambs were weaned at 60 days of age and the ewes were milked twice daily. Milk yield was recorded fortnightly and milk fat composition was recorded monthly. The birth weight of lambs was recorded in the first 2 hours and they were weighed fortnightly until 240 days of age. Average lactation lengths (including suckling and milking) in MIX and DY60 group were similar (171.21 ± 5.40 and 168.36 ± 4.87 days, respectively). Differences between MIX and DY60 group in commercial milk yield (103.25 ± 7.93 and 63.59 ± 5.41 kg, respectively) and milk fat yield (5.88 ± 0.64 and 3.62 ± 0.31 kg, respectively) were highly significant (P < 0.001). Growth performance of lambs was similar in both groups (P > 0.05), however, male lambs were heavier and grew faster than female lambs until weaning (P < 0.05) and 90 days of age (P < 0.001). The effect of birth type at 210 days of age for the female lambs in MIX group was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05) and the mean weight of single born female lambs was 40.39 ± 1.27 kg, and 41.09 ± 1.22 kg for twin born female lambs. The effects of ewe&rsquos age for female lambs in MIX and DY60 group and birth type for the lambs in DY60 group were insignificant (P > 0.05). These results show that Awassi lambs can be successfully reared in MIX suckling system and ewes produce more commercial milk than in the traditional rearing system (DY60), which offers a potential increase in economic return for Awassi sheep producers.

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29

Bracco, R., E. Canessa, M. R. Cimberle, C. Ferdeghini, M. Putti, and A. S. Siri. "Quantum hall effect observations in commercial MOSFETs and effects of thermoelectric power." Il Nuovo Cimento D 9, no. 3 (March 1987): 289–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02458061.

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30

Subramaniam, Shankar, Narendran Rajendran, Sai brinda Muralidharan, Gayathri Subramaniam, Ravikumar Raju, and Aravind Sivasubramanian. "Dual role of select plant based nutraceuticals as antimicrobial agents to mitigate food borne pathogens and as food preservatives." RSC Advances 5, no. 94 (2015): 77168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra15039f.

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31

Puławska, Karolina. "The Effect of Bank Levy Introduction on Commercial Banks in Europe." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 6 (June 21, 2021): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14060279.

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We evaluated the effects of the bank levy (BL) on the profitability of commercial banks and the balance sheet reconstruction, and the shifting of banks’ activities into countries with lower BL rates after BL introduction. Moreover, we investigated the effects of the Basel III and Single Resolution Fund (SRF) introduction on the amount of BL payment. We compared two different BL designs: the Hungarian and the German versions. The results clearly pointed to the negative effect of BL introduction on the ROA of larger Hungarian commercial banks and of smaller commercial banks in Germany. Moreover, the results showed that the introduction of the BL did not influence loan activity in Hungary. However, it decreased the value of the loans from German commercial banks. The results showed that commercial banks in Hungary prefer to restructure their balance or shift assets among different locations or entities to decrease the bank levy. The research findings also showed that Hungarian commercial banks decreased the value of paid BL after the Basel III introduction. On the other hand, the results also showed that the value of paid BL in German commercial banks increased after the Basel III and SRF introduction, especially in larger banks.

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32

Vincent, Manon, Cornelia Krause, and Ahmed Koubaa. "Influence of Stem Taper on the Yield of Black Spruce Stands and Trees Following Commercial Thinning." Forests 10, no. 11 (November 14, 2019): 1024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10111024.

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In this work, we examine the effects of commercial thinning on stand volume and individual stem form in nine naturally regenerated black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) stands. We compared these study sites with controls in the commercial boreal forest of northern Quebec, Canada. At stand level, dendrochronological data provided insight into changes in stand volume ten years after thinning. Analysis of a subsample of six individual trees from each commercially thinned stand and three individual trees from the controls illustrated the role of thinning on stem shape development. Although average volume increased for residual stems in thinned stands slightly more than in the controls (110% versus 106%), the treatment effect stand-level volume increment or stand-level total volume harvested (ten years after treatment) was not statistically significant. Moreover, at tree level, thinning did not significantly affect stem volume increment. However, radial growth increment significantly increased after treatment. Trees from commercially thinned stands showed a significantly higher growth increment along the lower first two-thirds of the stem. Response to thinning at tree level correlated strongly with the size and number of harvested competitors around a residual stem. We conclude that commercial thinning modified wood allocation rather than wood volume and did not affect taper and stem shape. These patterns of post-cutting growth are explained by wood allocation following thinning. After commercial thinning, growth increment is favored at the expense of height growth. As the treatment effect was found at the stem scale rather than at the stand scale, further research is needed in regard to commercial thinning treatments to investigate how to increase productivity at the stand scale.

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33

Schneider, Robert, S. Y. Zhang, D. Edwin Swift, Jean Bégin, and Jean-Martin Lussier. "Predicting selected wood properties of jack pine following commercial thinning." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38, no. 7 (July 2008): 2030–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x08-038.

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This paper examined the impact of commercial thinning on selected wood properties of jack pine ( Pinus banksiana Lamb.). Wood properties evaluated include wood density (ring density, earlywood ring density, and latewood ring density), percentage of latewood in the ring, and wood bending properties. Nonlinear, mixed-effect models have been developed using data from three commercially thinned sites in eastern Canada. Ring density followed the same pattern as percentage of latewood, in which cambial age, relative height, and ring width were found to have important effects. Earlywood and latewood ring densities changed within the juvenile wood zone until a plateau was reached. Ring width affected earlywood and latewood ring densities mainly in narrow rings. Wood bending stiffness (measured by modulus of elasticity) and strength (measured by modulus of rupture) increased with cambial age and wood density; whereas, wood strength was also affected by ring width. Commercial thinning did not influence the developed models, but it had an indirect effect through increased ring width.

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34

Tarachiwin, L., J. T. Sakdapipanich, and Y. Tanaka. "Gel Formation in Natural Rubber Latex: 1. Effect of (NH4)2HPO4 and TMTD/ZnO Additives." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 76, no. 5 (November 1, 2003): 1177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3547795.

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Abstract The rubber from commercially obtained high-ammonia latex (commercial HA-latex) increased in gel content significantly after long preservation of the latex with 1.0% w/v tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD) and zinc oxide (ZnO). Deproteinization of the HA-latex did not decrease the gel content. The gel fraction of deproteinized commercial HA-latex (DPHA-latex) was not solubilized by toluene containing 1.0% ethanol, showing that the gel fraction is composed of chemically crosslinked rubber. The addition of (NH4)2HPO4, which is usually added to fresh latex (FL-latex) to remove excess amounts of Mg2+ ions by centrifugation, decreased the gel formation in FL-latex preserved with 0.6 % v/v NH4OH due to the removal of Mg2+ ions. The excess amounts of (NH4)2HPO4 accelerated the gel formation in preserved FL-latex and commercial HA-latex. The addition of 0.1% w/v TMTD/ZnO to preserved FL-latex treated with 5% w/v (NH4)2HPO4 caused an increase of gel content during storage. The gel formation in the commercial HA-latex during long time storage was presumed to be caused by excess amounts of Mg2+ ions, TMTD/ZnO and (NH4)2HPO4. Here, TMTD/ZnO accelerated the gel formation at the initial stage of storage, while (NH4)2HPO4 affected in long storage.

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35

Muzathik, A., Y. Nizam, M. Ahmad, and W. Nik. "The effect of boron on the performance of automotive brake." World Journal of Engineering 10, no. 6 (December 1, 2013): 523–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1708-5284.10.6.523.

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Friction material in an automotive brake system plays an important role for effective and safe brake performance. A single material has never been sufficient to solve performance related issues. Current research aimed to examine properties of Boron mixed brake pads by comparing them with the commercial brake pads. Friction coefficient of Boron mixed brake pads and commercial brake pads were significantly different and increased with the increase in surface roughness. The abrupt reduction of friction coefficient is more significant in commercial brake pad samples than in Boron mixed brake pad formulations. Fade occurred in commercial brake pad sample at lower temperatures. Boron formulations are more stable than their commercial counterparts.

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36

Cohen, David M., and H. Harvey Cohen. "The Effects of the Image Factor in Televised Advertising on Consumer Perception." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 36, no. 8 (October 1992): 626–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/107118192786750971.

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A review of the literature suggests that televised commercials display a definite image in presenting their product, and that airing of the commercial will have a predictable effect on consumer perception of the product advertised. The present study involved a questionnaire in which 140 subjects were asked to design a commercial using directed choices for one of four motor vehicle types: a mini-van, a pickup truck, a sports car or a luxury car. The hypothesis was that most subjects would design a commercial that reflected a definite image which would vary amongst vehicle types. Though the results did not support the original hypothesis in all respects, there were patterns of similarity in the responses which led to modification of the hypothesis, that being that image does not dictate the way motor vehicles in the commercials are perceived, but rather it directs the way they are perceived in accordance with viewers' varying needs and desires.

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37

Purity.U., Ndubuisi-Okolo, Anekwe Rita Ifeoma., and Theresa Anigbogu. "The Effect of Strategic Intelligence on Business Success in Selected Commercial Banks in South-East, Nigeria." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-1, Issue-6 (October 31, 2017): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd2502.

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38

.M, Dr Uvaneswaran S., and Mr Hussien Fentaw Ayele. "Investments in Corporate Social Responsibility and Its Effect on Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Ethiopia." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-1 (December 31, 2017): 1500–1508. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd8261.

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39

Yigit, şeyma, İslam Saruhan, and İzzet Akça. "The effect of some commercial plant oils on the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae)." Journal of Forest Science 65, No. 8 (August 30, 2019): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/63/2019-jfs.

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Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) is one of the major forest pests and causes serious damage especially to pine trees. Mechanical and chemical methods are used in the control of this pest in Turkey’s forests. In recent years, a chemical control has been the most preferred method against this pest. Due to the chemical control’s harmful effects on the environment and the human health, alternative methods of control are being emphasised today. There are many studies on the use of plant oils against pests in agricultural areas. However, studies on the effect of plant oils against the pine processionary larvae are very limited. In this study, commercial oils containing 8 different essential oil types (thyme oil, peppermint oil, poppy oil, garlic oil, rosemary oil, pine oil, sage oil, lavender oil) were applied in 3 different doses (0.1%, 0.5%, 1%) and 4 repetitions against the pine processionary larvae. The experiments were conducted at 65% humidity and 25°C in laboratory conditions. The study was monitored for five days and the results were evaluated through the mortality rates. On the 5th day of the study, 1% dose of thyme oil was found to be most effective with 100% mortality followed by the poppy oil (95%), the sage oil (95%), the garlic oil (90%), the rosemary oil (70%), and the pine oil (45%). The peppermint (40%) and lavender oil used in the study were found to be ineffective. As a result of the study, it was determined that thyme oil, poppy oil, sage oil, and garlic oil were effective against the pine processionary larvae and that they had the potential to be used in the control of this pest.

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40

Liu, Qian, Hyeong Sop Shim, and Shan Yue Jin. "The Effect of Financial Innovation and Supervision on the Performance -Evidence from Commercial Banks in China-." Korean-Chinese Social Science Studies 61 (October 31, 2021): 332–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.36527/kcsss.19.4.15.

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41

Ndungu, John Gichia, and Willy Muturi. "Effect of Diversification on Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya." International Journal of Current Aspects 3, no. V (October 31, 2019): 267–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35942/ijcab.v3iv.67.

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Diversification plays a vital role in risk management and consequently financial performance of commercial banks. Diversification mitigates systemic risk facing a commercial bank and thus reduces the probability of bank failure. In Kenya, commercial banks have been diversifying their business by increasingly offering new services such as mobile banking, agency banking, bank-assurance, faceless banking and integrating microfinance in their banking system. Diversification by the commercial banks is premised on the need to enhance financial performance. This has mainly emanated from banking industry having undergone numerous regulations regimes which over the years have affected financial performance of these entities. Empirical literature shows that diversification may not always lead to higher financial performance due to increased overheads and exhausted economies of scale. The study sought to determine the effect of diversification on financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were to determine the effect of income diversification on financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya, to examine the effect of geographical diversification on financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya and to examine the effect of product diversification on financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. Secondary data used by the study was collected for five years period (2013-2017 on annual basis). All the commercial banks were studied. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics and presented in tables and figures. The study found that Income Source Diversification and Geographical Diversification had a positive effect on the financial performance of the commercial banks while the Product Diversification had a negative impact the financial performance the commercial banks. The findings from the OLS regression analysis revealed that the diversification components studied namely product diversification, geographical diversification and income diversification explain up to 13.3% of the variations in return on assets (R2=0.133) and 18.7% of the variations in return on equity (R2=0.187). The study concluded that financial performance of the commercial banks in Kenya can be accounted for by the diversification strategies that have been implemented. It was further concluded that increased formulation and implementation of additional diversification strategies resulted in significant improvement in the financial performance of the commercial banks. The study recommended that managers at the commercial banks to make formulation and implementation of diversifications as a key organizational priority. Before the adoption of any particular diversification, the management of the commercial banks are econcouraged to first determine the suitability of that particular diversification strategies based on the organization structure, culture and policies and the overall intended outcomes. The study recommends that the government and other regulatory bodies to create favourable policies on the implementation of diversifications in commercial banks. This will ensure that there is effectiveness, efficiency as well as consistency in the use and adoption of diversifications by not only the banks but also other organizations in different sectors.

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42

Aziz A. Abdul Rahman, Abdul, and Othman Hel Ajmi Al-Dhaimesh. "The effect of applying COSO-ERM model on reducing fraudulent financial reporting of commercial banks in Jordan." Banks and Bank Systems 13, no. 2 (June 25, 2018): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.13(2).2018.09.

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This study aims to test the effect of applying the model of the Committee Sponsoring Organizations for enterprise risk management (COSO-ERM) on reducing fraudulent financial reporting in commercial banks operating in Jordan. Furthermore, the study identifies the role of each board of directors, audit committee, executive management, human resource management, and internal audit as one of the corporate governance mechanisms in enhancing the effectiveness of internal control systems. The study revealed an impact of applying the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations model for enterprise risk management (COSO-ERM) on preventing fraudulent financial reporting, where it reached influence around 77.8% on the dependent variable (fraudulent financial reporting). The study also found that each of internal control, event identification, risk assessment and response, and control activities variables affects dependent variable (fraudulent financial reporting) in commercial banks operating in Jordan.

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43

Jeong, Moon-Jin, Myoung-Hwa Lee, Soon-Jeong Jeong, So-Jeong Kim, Myeong-Ji Ko, Hye-Won Sim, Ju-Young Lee, Ae-Jung Im, and Do-Seon Lim. "Effect of Commercial Effervescent Vitamin Tablets on Bovine Enamel." Journal of Dental Hygiene Science 19, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 261–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17135/jdhs.2019.19.4.261.

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44

Griffin, Barbara, Sally Carless, and Ian Wilson. "The effect of commercial coaching on selection test performance." Medical Teacher 35, no. 4 (December 11, 2012): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/0142159x.2012.746451.

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45

Almeida, Dayane Santos de, Aline Félix Schneider, Flavio Manabu Yuri, Bárbara Dalazen Machado, and Clóvis Eliseu Gewehr. "Egg shell treatment methods effect on commercial eggs quality." Ciência Rural 46, no. 2 (November 3, 2015): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20140904.

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ABSTRACT: The objective was to evaluate commercial eggs quality after being subjected to a cleaning process and immersion in whey protein concentrate (WPC) as a function of storage time. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial 4x7, being four methods of treating shell (not cleaned and not coated with WPC, not cleaned and coated with WPC, cleaned and not coated with WPC, cleaned and coated with WPC and seven periods of storage (1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days) for a total of 28 treatments, with five replicates of four eggs each. Quality parameters evaluated were weight loss of eggs (%), specific gravity (g/cm3), haugh units (HU), yolk index (YI) and potential hydrogen (pH) albumen. The storage period increase, regardless of the shell treatment method, causing weight loss in eggs, reductions in specific gravity in the Haugh units, yolk index and increase in the albumen pH. The cleaning method makes egg's internal quality worse during storage. Coverage of whey protein concentrate is a viable alternative for commercial eggs conservation stored at room temperature in order to minimize quality loss during storage, including eggs that need to go through the cleaning process.

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46

Murphy, Sean D. "Interpretation of "Direct Effect" Under FSIA Commercial-Activity Exception." American Journal of International Law 97, no. 1 (January 2003): 185–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3087120.

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47

Levy, Deborah, and Gemma Peterson. "The effect of sustainability on commercial occupiers' building choice." Journal of Property Investment & Finance 31, no. 3 (April 19, 2013): 267–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14635781311322238.

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48

Pint, B. A., A. J. Garratt-Reed, and L. W. Hobbs. "The reactive element effect in commercial ODS FeCrAI alloys." Materials at High Temperatures 13, no. 1 (January 1995): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09603409.1995.11689496.

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49

Roland, D. A., H. A. Ahmad, S. S. Yadalam, and T. Sefton. "Effect of Nongenetically Modified Phytase Supplementation on Commercial Leghorns." Journal of Applied Poultry Research 12, no. 3 (October 2003): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/japr/12.3.257.

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50

Nowicki, Michał, Maciej Kachniarz, and Roman Szewczyk. "Temperature error of Hall-effect and magnetoresistive commercial magnetometers." Archives of Electrical Engineering 66, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 625–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aee-2017-0047.

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AbstractThe paper presents a special measurement system for investigation of temperature influence on the indication of commercially available sensors of the magnetic field. Utilizing the developed system, several magnetoresistive and Hall-effect sensors were investigated within the temperature range from −30°C to 70°C. The obtained results indicate that sensitivity of most of the investigated sensors is unaffected, except the basic magnetoresistive device. However, Hall-effect sensors exhibit considerable temperature drift, regardless of the manufacturer.

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