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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 вересня 2023

Оновлено: 16 квітня 2024

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1

Kinoshita, Y., J. Kitajima, Y. Seki, and A. Tatara. "Experimental Studies on Methane-Fuel Laboratory Scale Ram Combustor." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 117, no. 3 (July 1, 1995): 394–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2814108.

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Анотація:

The laboratory scale ram combustor test program has been investigating fundamental combustion characteristics of a ram combustor, which operates from Mach 2.5 to 5 for the super/hypersonic transport propulsion system. In our previous study, combustion efficiency had been found poor, less than 70 percent, due to a low inlet air temperature and a high velocity at Mach 3 condition. To improve the low combustion efficiency, a fuel zoning combustion concept was investigated by using a subscale combustor model first. Combustion efficiency more than 90 percent was achieved and the concept was found very effective. Then a laboratory scale ram combustor was fabricated and combustion tests were carried out mainly at the simulated condition of Mach 5. A vitiation technique was used to simulate a high temperature of 1263 K. The test results indicate that ignition, flame stability, and combustion efficiency were not significant, but the NOx emissions are a critical problem for the ram combustor at Mach 5 condition.

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2

Annamalai, K., M. Y. Ibrahim, and J. M. Sweeten. "Experimental Studies on Combustion of Cattle Manure in a Fluidized Bed Combustor." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 109, no. 2 (June 1, 1987): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3231324.

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Анотація:

Manure from cattle feedlots is a renewable energy source which has the potential of supplementing the existing fossil fuels. But the heat content of manure is rather low. Since, the fluidized bed combustion technology has been used for the energy conversion of marginal fuels, such a technology is being explored for the combustion of feedlot manure. A fluidized bed combustor of 0.15 m (6 in.) diameter was used for the combustion tests on manure. Experiments were conducted with −20 to +20 percent excess air and at bed temperatures ranging from 600°C (1112°F) to 800°C (1472°F). Experimental data revealed that the gasification efficiencies ranged from 90 to 98 percent, while the combustion efficiencies varied from 45 to 85 percent. Higher combustion efficiencies were obtained with decreased volatile solids content of manure. The low combustion efficiencies are attributed to the limited residence time available for the volatiles to burn within the reactor.

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3

MURASE, E., K. HANADA, T. MIYAURA, J. IKEDA, and N. KONISHI. "Experimental Studies of HCCI Combustion : Chemiluminescence Spectral Analysis and Photographic Observation(HCCI, Combustion Processes II)." Proceedings of the International symposium on diagnostics and modeling of combustion in internal combustion engines 2004.6 (2004): 303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jmsesdm.2004.6.303.

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4

Zhang, Qun, Hua Sheng Xu, Tao Gui, Shun Li Sun, Yue Wu, and Dong Bo Yan. "Investigation on Reaction Flow Field of Low Emission TAPS Combustors." Applied Mechanics and Materials 694 (November 2014): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.694.45.

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Анотація:

A twin annular premixing swirler (TAPS) combustor model of low emissions was developed in this study. And computational studies on combustion process in the combustor model were carried out. Standard k-ε Turbulence Model, PDF non-premixed combustion model, Zeldovich thermal NOx formation model and DPM two-phase model were employed. The distributions of some key performance parameters such as gas temperature, flow velocity, concentrations of NOx and CO emissions were obtained and analyzed. At the same time, combustion mechanics inside the TAPS combustor model were investigated. The computational results indicated that the TAPS combustor employed in this study does a better job of improving key combustion performances such as combustion efficiency, total pressure recovery and outlet temperature distribution factor, and reducing NOx and CO emissions at the same time.

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5

Li, Houping, Junrui Shi, Mingming Mao, and Yongqi Liu. "Experimental and numerical studies on combustion characteristics of N 2 -diluted CH 4 and O 2 diffusion combustion in a packed bed." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 9 (September 11, 2019): 190492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190492.

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Experimental and numerical studies were conducted to determine the combustion characteristics of gas diffusion combustion in a porous combustor packed with 2.5 mm or 3.5 mm alumina pellets, special attention being focused on the effect of packed bed height ( h ) on combustion, NO and CO emissions. The pollutant emission of diffusion filtration combustion is studied with different packed bed lengths in the range of 40 mm ≤ h ≤ 240 mm, fixed excess air ratio of 1.88 and fixed gas inlet velocity of 0.06 m s −1 . Results show that both immersed and surface flames coexist in the combustor. Although porous media enhance the mixing and diffusion processes, the diffusion flame shape is still observed from the side and top views of the combustor, and the diffusion filtration retains properties of diffusion combustion. The immersed flame is always observed with increase in h , whereas the height of surface flame decreases. The NO emission decreases sharply when h is increased from 40 mm to 120 mm. However, the NO emission decreases slightly when h > 120 mm. In the investigated range of h , it is shown that h has a significant influence on the CO emission, an increase in h leading to a constant increase in CO for the combustors packed with 2.5 mm or 3.5 mm pellets. The maximum CO emission is 662 ppm and the minimum value is 67 ppm. In the scope of this study, the temperature on the external wall of the combustor reaches 434–513°C.

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6

Johari, Anwar, Ramli Mat, Mohd Johari Kamaruddin, Tuan Amran Tuan Abdullah, Wan Rosli Wan Sulaiman, and Asmadi Ali. "Combustion of Municipal Solid Waste in a Pilot Scale Fluidized Bed Combustor." Advanced Materials Research 931-932 (May 2014): 1015–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.931-932.1015.

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Combustion study of municipal solid waste combustion in a pilot scale fluidized bed combustor had been carried out. The work was aimed at demonstrating sustainable combustion of municipal solid waste by employing operating parameters gained from previous studies. The primary and secondary air factor used were AF = 0.8 and AF = 0.6 respectively. The fluidization number was 5Umf and both in-bed and freeboard region temperature distributions were monitored continuously. Results on the combustion studies revealed that the initial bed temperature could be sustained due to high thermal capacity of sand but later dropped due to problem related to the mixing of bulky and heterogeneous components of municipal solid waste and sand.

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7

Abhang, P. D., R. P. Abhang, and G. R. Pathade. "Combustion studies of Agnihotra Yajnya." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 29 (2023): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i03s.020.

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Анотація:

Agnihotra is a traditional domestic solemnity, performed to maintain harmony between living beings and nature, without harming and by giving respect. Agnihotra, the simplest forms of yajnya performed at sunset/ sunrise in which cow dung is burnt in the copper pot by using cow ghee (clarified butter) and brown rice as oblations along with chanting of mantras of sun and fire. Combustion studies of Agnihotra raw material was done with the analysis of fuel gases using Orsat Analyzer, proximate analysis by Proximate Analyzer, ultimate analysis by CHONS Analyzer and calorific value estimation by using Bomb Calorimeter. Combustion rate was analyzed of by Thermogravimetry Differential Scanning Calorimeter. The fuel analysis of Agnihotra raw material shows incomplete combustion with low calorific value. As raw material is mainly lignocellulosic, combustion takes place with four major steps. Initially Moisture and Volatile Matter get combusted then Cellulose and Hemicellulose material then Lignin compounds and finally Char.

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8

Seo, Yong Seog, Sung June Cho, Sung Kyu Kang, and Hyun Dong Shin. "Numerical studies of catalytic combustion in a catalytically stabilized combustor." International Journal of Energy Research 24, no. 12 (2000): 1049–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-114x(20001010)24:12<1049::aid-er642>3.0.co;2-7.

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9

Cheng, Yuwei, Qian Chen, Xiaofei Niu, and Shufeng Cai. "Large Eddy Simulation and Dynamic Mode Decomposition of Supersonic Combustion Instability in a Strut-Based Scramjet Combustor." Aerospace 10, no. 10 (September 29, 2023): 857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10100857.

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Анотація:

Supersonic combustion instability studies are crucial for the future maturation of scramjet engines. In the present paper, the supersonic combustion instability in a strut-based scramjet combustor is investigated through large eddy simulation and dynamic mode decomposition. The results show significant pressure oscillation in the strut-based scramjet combustor when the air parameters at the combustor inlet and the fuel parameters at the injector outlet are under certain conditions, and these pressure oscillation situations correspond to supersonic combustion instability. The oscillations have multiple dominant frequencies, including relatively low frequency of 2984 Hz, high frequency of 62,180 Hz, and very high frequency of 110,562 Hz. Large pressure oscillations in the strut-based scramjet combustor are closely related to wake instability, shear layer instability, shear layer and wave interactions, and combustion. Reducing the air total temperature at the combustor inlet can attenuate the pressure oscillations, and reducing the fuel flow rate at the injector outlet can also attenuate the pressure oscillations.

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10

Gulyurtlu, I., T. Crujeira, M. H. Lopes, P. Abelha, D. Boavida, J. Seabra, R. Gonçalves, C. Sargaço, and I. Cabrita. "The Study of Combustion of Municipal Waste in a Fluidized Bed Combustor." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 128, no. 2 (January 30, 2006): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2191507.

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The combustion behavior of municipal solid waste was studied in a pilot fluidized bed combustor. The waste was pelletized prior to its use. Both co-firing with coal and combustion of waste alone were under taken. The combustion studies were carried out on the pilot installation of INETI. The fluidized bed combustor is square in cross section with each side being 300mm long. Its height is 5000mm. There is a second air supply to the freeboard at different heights to deal with high volatile fuels. There was a continuous monitoring of the temperatures in the bed, as well as the composition of the combustion gases. The combustion gases leaving the reactor were let go through the recycling cyclone first to capture most of particulates elutriated out of the combustor. There was a second cyclone, which was employed with the aim of increasing the overall efficiency of collecting solid particles. The gaseous pollutants leaving the stack were sampled under isokinetic conditions for particulate matter, chlorine compounds, and heavy metals. The ash streams were characterized for heavy metals. The results obtained were compared with national legislation. The results obtained suggest that (i) the combustion efficiency was very high, (ii) there was an enrichment of ashes with heavy metals in the cyclones compared to the bed material, (iii) in general, the flue gas emissions were below the permited limits, and (iv) for the compliance with the new European directive for stricter emission limits adequate control devices, like bag filters, should be integrated with refuse derived fuel (RDF) combustion.

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11

Morgan, Paul A., Struan D. Robertson, and John F. Unsworth. "Combustion studies by thermogravimetric analysis." Fuel 66, no. 2 (February 1987): 210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(87)90243-2.

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12

Morgan, Paul A., Struan D. Robertson, and John F. Unsworth. "Combustion studies by thermogravimetric analysis." Fuel 65, no. 11 (November 1986): 1546–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(86)90331-5.

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13

Rajesh, T. N., T. J. S. Jothi, and T. Jayachandran. "Preliminary Studies on Non-Reactive Flow Vortex Cooling." Recent Patents on Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 3 (September 26, 2019): 262–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2212797612666190510115403.

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Анотація:

Background: The impulse for the propulsion of a rocket engine is obtained from the combustion of propellant mixture inside the combustion chamber and as the plume exhausts through a convergent- divergent nozzle. At stoichiometric ratio, the temperature inside the combustion chamber can be as high as 3500K. Thus, effective cooling of the thrust chamber becomes an essential criterion while designing a rocket engine. Objective: A new cooling method of thrust chambers was introduced by Chiaverni, which is termed as Vortex Combustion Cold-Wall Chamber (VCCW). The patent works on cyclone separators and confined vortex flow mechanism for providing high propellant mixing with improved degree of turbulence inside the combustion chamber, providing the required notion for studies on VCCW. The flow inside a VCCW has a complex structure characterised by axial pressure losses, swirl velocities, centrifugal force, flow reversal and strong turbulence. In order to study the flow phenomenon, both the experimental and numerical investigations are carried out. Methods: In this study, non-reactive flow analysis was conducted with real propellants like gaseous oxygen and hydrogen. The test was conducted to analyse the influence of mixture ratio and injection pressure of the propellants on the chamber pressure in a vortex combustion chamber. A vortex combustor was designed in which the oxidiser injected tangentially at the aft end near the nozzle spiraled up to the top plate and formed an inner core inside the chamber. The fuel was injected radially from injectors provided near the top plate and the propellants were mixed in the inner core. This resulted in enhanced mixing and increased residence time for the fuel. More information on the flow behaviour has been obtained by numerical analysis in Fluent. The test also investigated the sensitivity of the tangential injection pressure on the chamber pressure development. Results: All the test cases showed an increase in chamber pressure with the mixture ratio and injection pressure of the propellants. The maximum chamber pressure was found to be 3.8 bar at PC1 and 2.7 bar at PC2 when oxidiser to fuel ratio was 6.87. There was a reduction in chamber pressure of 1.1 bar and 0.7 bar at PC1 and PC2, respectively, in both the cases when hydrogen was injected. A small variation in the pressure of the propellant injected tangentially made a pronounced effect on the chamber pressure and hence vortex combustion chamber was found to be very sensitive to the tangential injection pressure. Conclusion: VCCW mechanism has been to be found to be very effective for keeping the chamber surface within the permissible limit and also reducing the payload of the space vehicle.

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14

Fuh, Che A., and Chuji Wang. "A Novel Combustion Platform for Microwave Plasma-Assisted Combustion Studies." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 46, no. 5 (May 2018): 1800–1808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2018.2817241.

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15

Shaikh, Sardar M., and S. V. Khandal. "Studies on Biodiesel and Hydrogen Powered Dual Fuel Common Rail Direct Injection Engine." Indian Journal Of Science And Technology 17, no. 10 (March 1, 2024): 917–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v17i10.3194.

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Анотація:

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of hydrogen and used temple oil biodiesel (BTO) combination on the performance of Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDi) engine. To report the maximum possible flow rate (HFR) for knock free operation of the engine at a speed of 1500 RPM. Methods: Transesterification process was used to get BTO. was inducted through intake manifold. BTO was injected into engine cylinder using electronically controlled technique. Findings: The study revealed that the peak HFR was for BTO and 0.24 for diesel at an Injection Pressure (IP) of 800 bar and Injection Timing (IT) of before top dead center (bTDC). The Dual Fuel (DF) CRDi engine with Toriodal Reentrant Combustion Chamber (TRCC) shape yielded 6% to lower Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) with reduced exhaust gas emissions except 19 to higher oxides of nitrogen (NOx) at and 100% loads. Both Peak Combustion Pressure (PP) and Heat Release Rate (HRR) were 5 to 9% higher than BTO run diesel engine operation. Combustion Duration (CD) and Ignition Delay (ID) were 6 to 15% lower in DF CRDi operation with . Novelty: Diesel engine comes with hemispherical combustion chamber (HCC). Toriodal Reentrant Shaped Combustion Chamber (TRCC) was adopted in place of HCC which results better mixing of air and fuel. and BTO combination was used to power CRDi engine. Electronically controlled fuel injection system developed and fitted to conventional diesel engine. Keywords: Used temple oil biodiesel (BTO); Common rail direct injection (CRDi) engine; Toriodal reentrant combustion chamber (TRCC); Hydrogen flow rate (HFR); Hydrogen-biodiesel energy ratio (H2BER)

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16

Ro̸kke, N. A., and A. J. W. Wilson. "Experimental and Theoretical Studies of a Novel Venturi Lean Premixed Prevaporized (LPP) Combustor." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 123, no. 3 (October 1, 2000): 567–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1377008.

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A new gas turbine engine using a unique layout patented in Norway has a low-emission combustion system under development. The gas generator uses entirely radial rotating components and employs a dual entry LP radial compressor, a radial HP compressor, and a radial HP turbine. The power turbine is of a two-stage axial design, coupled to an epicyclical gear embedded in the exhaust duct. Several combustor concepts have been tested and evaluated during the development of the engine. The engine is targeted for marine, power generation, and train propulsion. For the marine and train application liquid fuel operation is needed, thus the primary focus in the development has been for a lean premixed prevapourised system. An interesting concept utilizing two venturi premixers has been studied intensively. By utilizing venturi premixers the following advantages can be achieved: (1) low overall pressure drop but high injector pressure drop and velocities in the mixing region (throat region), (2) high shear forces and drag imposed on the droplets enhancing droplet shedding and evaporation, and (3) excellent emission behavior at designated load conditions. Although these advantages can benefit gas turbine low-emission combustion, the challenges in using venturi premixers are: (1) venturis are susceptible to separation and thus flame stabilization within the venturi which is detrimental and (2) inlet flow disturbances enhance the tendency for separation in the venturis and must be minimized. Studies were launched to investigate a proposed combustor configuration. These studies included analytical studies, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations of isothermal and combusting flow inside the combustor together with rig tests at atmospheric, medium, and full pressure. Finally, engine tests within the full operating range were conducted with very favorable emission figures for lean premixed prevaporized (LPP) operation. The system was capable of running at below 20 ppm NOx and CO, at elevated power for liquid fuel. Control of part load performance and emissions is by variable fuel staging of the two venturi stages. The paper highlights the features of the venturi combustor development and discusses the characteristics in terms of flow conditions and droplet motion, heat transfer, ignition delay time, and emissions.

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17

Zhang, Jiahang, Jianguo Zhu, and Jingzhang Liu. "Experimental Studies on Preheating Combustion Characteristics of Low-Rank Coal with Different Particle Sizes and Kinetic Simulation of Nitrogen Oxide." Energies 16, no. 20 (October 13, 2023): 7078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16207078.

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Low-rank coal, accounting for 45% of the global coal reserves, is easier to use in terms of realizing ignition and stable combustion due to its relatively high levels of volatile content. But the problem of low-rank coal combustion is that its NO formation is in the range of 300–600 mg/m3, which makes the emission’s meeting of the environmental regulation quite difficult or uneconomic. Preheating combustion was a prospective combustion technology which involved preheating in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) first and then combustion in a combustor for preheated fuel. With three particle sizes (0–0.355 mm, 0–0.5 mm, and 0–1 mm), some experiments were carried out in a 30 kW test rig. The results showed that, in the CFB preheating, a particle size of 0–1 mm had the highest coal-gas heating value due to a long residence time. The release of species in the CFB preheating always followed the order H > N > C > S. For preheated fuel combustion, a particle size of 0–0.355 mm showed the fastest combustion velocity, with the highest temperature point near the nozzle. For all three particle sizes, the combustion of preheated fuel showed a uniform temperature distribution with a small temperature difference. The lowest NO emission was 105 mg/m3 for the particle size of 0–0.5 mm. A GRI-Mech 2.11 mechanism was used to simulate the formation of NO with different influencing factors, such as temperature, oxygen concentration, and secondary-air ratio. There was a good agreement between the experimental data and the simulation’s results. The simulation showed that the NO formation could be further decreased with an optimal secondary-air ratio. This investigation provides support for the basic understanding of preheating-combustion technology and potential industrial applications in the future.

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18

Iordan, Yu. "Experimental studies of thermodynamic combustion processes of combustible demonstrators." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2182, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2182/1/012052.

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Abstract The description of experimental benches for combustion of demonstration elements of material samples - combustion demonstrators (CD) is given. CD for investigating thermodynamic processes during combustion on experimental benches are developed. The results of experimental studies of combustion of CD made of different materials (existing and synthesized) are presented. A new direction of research is formulated - the development of combustible materials and structures made of them, providing the specified characteristics at all stages of operation.

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19

Relangi, Naresh, Antonella Ingenito, and Suppandipillai Jeyakumar. "The Implication of Injection Locations in an Axisymmetric Cavity-Based Scramjet Combustor." Energies 14, no. 9 (May 4, 2021): 2626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092626.

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This paper presents the effect of cavity-based injection in an axisymmetric supersonic combustor using numerical investigation. An axisymmetric cavity-based angled and transverse injections in a circular scramjet combustor are studied. A three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equation along with the k-ω shear-stress transport (SST) turbulence model and species transport equations are considered for the reacting flow studies. The numerical results of the non-reacting flow studies are validated with the available experimental data and are in good agreement with it. The performance of the injection system is analyzed based on the parameters like wall pressures, combustion efficiency, and total pressure loss of the scramjet combustor. The transverse injection upstream of the cavity and at the bottom wall of the cavity in a supersonic flow field creates a strong shock train in the cavity region that enhances complete combustion of hydrogen-air in the cavity region compared to the cavity fore wall injection schemes. Eventually, the shock train in the flow field enhances the total pressure loss across the combustor. However, a marginal variation in the total pressure loss is observed between the injection schemes.

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20

Nie, Jian-Xin, Run-Zhe Kan, Qing-Jie Jiao, Qiu-Shi Wang, Xue-Yong Guo, and Shi Yan. "Studies on aluminum powder combustion in detonation environment." Chinese Physics B 31, no. 4 (March 1, 2022): 044703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/ac373e.

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The combustion mechanism of aluminum particles in a detonation environment characterized by high temperature (in unit 103 K), high pressure (in unit GPa), and high-speed motion (in units km/s) was studied, and a combustion model of the aluminum particles in detonation environment was established. Based on this model, a combustion control equation for aluminum particles in detonation environment was obtained. It can be seen from the control equation that the burning time of aluminum particle is mainly affected by the particle size, system temperature, and diffusion coefficient. The calculation result shows that a higher system temperature, larger diffusion coefficient, and smaller particle size lead to a faster burn rate and shorter burning time for aluminum particles. After considering the particle size distribution characteristics of aluminum powder, the application of the combustion control equation was extended from single aluminum particles to nonuniform aluminum powder, and the calculated time corresponding to the peak burn rate of aluminum powder was in good agreement with the experimental electrical conductivity results. This equation can quantitatively describe the combustion behavior of aluminum powder in different detonation environments and provides technical means for quantitative calculation of the aluminum powder combustion process in detonation environment.

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21

Xue, Zeyu, Zhaoping Zhong, and Bo Zhang. "Experimental Studies on Co-Combustion of Sludge and Wheat Straw." Catalysts 9, no. 2 (February 15, 2019): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9020182.

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Анотація:

This work presents studies on the co-combustion of sludge and wheat straw (30 wt % sludge + 70 wt % wheat straw). Prior to the combustion experiment, thermogravimetric analysis was performed to investigate the combustion characteristic of the blended fuel. Results indicated that the blended fuel could remedy the defect of each individual component and also promote the combustion. Co-combustion experiments were conducted in a lab-scale vertical tube furnace and the ash samples were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Thermodynamic calculations were also made to study the interactions that occurred. Addition of sludge could raise the melting point of wheat straw ash and reduce the slagging tendency. Co-combustion also restrained the release of K and transferred it into aluminosilicate and phosphate. Transfer of Pb and Zn in the co-combustion was also studied. The release and leaching toxicity of the two heavy metals in the co-combustion were weakened effectively by wheat straw. PbCl2(g) and ZnCl2(g) could be captured by K2SiO3 in wheat straw ash particles and generate silicates. Interactions that possibly occurred between K, Zn, and Pb components were discussed at the end of the paper.

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22

KURHEKAR, S. P., S. K. JAIN, and P. P. CHAVAN. "Studies on combustion of agricultural waste." ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY IN INDIA 6, no. 2 (October 15, 2015): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/eti/6.2/89-93.

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23

Mukasyan, Alexander. "Combustion synthesis of nitrides: mechanistic studies." Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 30, no. 2 (January 2005): 2529–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2004.08.240.

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24

Patel, N. M., P. J. Paul, H. S. Mukunda, and S. Dasappa. "Combustion studies on concentrated distillery effluents." Symposium (International) on Combustion 26, no. 2 (1996): 2479–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0082-0784(96)80079-8.

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25

Givler, Shawn D., and John Abraham. "Supercritical droplet vaporization and combustion studies." Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 22, no. 1 (January 1996): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-1285(95)00013-5.

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26

Kiyobayashi, Tetsu, and Minoru Sakiyama. "Combustion Calorimetric Studies on C60and C70." Fullerene Science and Technology 1, no. 3 (August 1993): 269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15363839308011895.

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27

Mahto, Navin, and Satyanarayanan R. Chakravarthy. "Comparison of Response Surface Based Preliminary Design Methodologies for a Gas Turbine Combustor." Defence Science Journal 74, no. 2 (March 26, 2024): 216–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.74.19624.

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Preliminary design of gas turbine combustor is a multi-objective optimization problem. The methodology to be used at the preliminary design stage depends on the freedom of design choices available. In this article, we explore three preliminary design methodologies for gas turbine combustor - M1: combustion liner design for a given casing; M2: combustion liner design without the casing and M3: coupled design of combustion liner and casing. A workflow for the automated design space exploration of gas turbine combustor using response surface methodology is presented. Computational fluid dynamics studies along with central composite design for design of experiments and genetic aggregation for response surface generation are used to quantify the combustor performance in design space. Comparison of three different design methodologies (M1, M2 and M3) is made to show how the choice of design methodology changes the available design space and limits/expands combustor performance. Candidate optimal designs and associated trade-offs from the optimization study are also presented. This study can aid combustor design engineers choose the most suitable preliminary design methodology for their specific use case.

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28

Wen, Chaojun, Junlin Lu, Xiaoqing Lin, Yuxuan Ying, Yunfeng Ma, Hong Yu, Wenxin Yu, Qunxing Huang, Xiaodong Li, and Jianhua Yan. "Thermal Behavior Prediction of Sludge Co-Combustion with Coal: Curve Extraction and Artificial Neural Networks." Processes 11, no. 8 (July 28, 2023): 2275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11082275.

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Previous studies on the co-combustion of sludge and coal have not effectively utilized the characteristics of the combustion process to predict thermal behavior. Therefore, focusing on these combustion process characteristics is essential to understanding and predicting thermal behavior during the co-combustion of sludge and coal. In this paper, we use thermogravimetric analysis to study the co-combustion of coal and sludge at different temperatures (300–460 °C, 460–530 °C, and 530–600 °C). Our findings reveal that the ignition improves, but the combustion worsens with more sludge. Then, we further employ curve extraction based on temperature and image segmentation to extract the DTG (weight loss rate) curves. We successfully predicted the DTG curves for different blends using nonlinear regression and curve extraction, achieving an excellent R2 of 99.7%. Moreover, the curve extraction method predicts DTG better than artificial neural networks for two samples in terms of R2 (99.7% vs. 99.1% and 99.7% vs. 94.9%), which guides the application of co-combusting coal and sludge.

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29

Serbin, Serhiy, Mykola Radchenko, Anatoliy Pavlenko, Kateryna Burunsuz, Andrii Radchenko, and Daifen Chen. "Improving Ecological Efficiency of Gas Turbine Power System by Combusting Hydrogen and Hydrogen-Natural Gas Mixtures." Energies 16, no. 9 (April 22, 2023): 3618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16093618.

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Currently, the issue of creating decarbonized energy systems in various spheres of life is acute. Therefore, for gas turbine power systems including hybrid power plants with fuel cells, it is relevant to transfer the existing engines to pure hydrogen or mixtures of hydrogen with natural gas. However, significant problems arise associated with the possibility of the appearance of flashback zones and acoustic instability of combustion, an increase in the temperature of the walls of the flame tubes, and an increase in the emission of nitrogen oxides, in some cases. This work is devoted to improving the efficiency of gas turbine power systems by combusting pure hydrogen and mixtures of natural gas with hydrogen. The organization of working processes in the premixed combustion chamber and the combustion chamber with a sequential injection of ecological and energy steam for the “Aquarius” type power plant is considered. The conducted studies of the basic aerodynamic and energy parameters of a gas turbine combustor working on hydrogen-containing gases are based on solving the equations of conservation and transfer in a multicomponent reacting system. A four-stage chemical scheme for the burning of a mixture of natural gas and hydrogen was used, which allows for the rational parameters of environmentally friendly fuel burning devices to be calculated. The premixed combustion chamber can only be recommended for operations on mixtures of natural gas with hydrogen, with a hydrogen content not exceeding 20% (by volume). An increase in the content of hydrogen leads to the appearance of flashback zones and fuel combustion inside the channels of the swirlers. For the combustion chamber of the combined-cycle power plant “Vodoley”, when operating on pure hydrogen, the formation of flame flashback zones does not occur.

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30

Hoffmann, T. L., W. Chen, G. H. Koopmann, A. W. Scaroni, and L. Song. "Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Bimodal Acoustic Agglomeration." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 115, no. 3 (July 1, 1993): 232–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930338.

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The interaction between fly ash particles (first mode) and sorbent particles (second mode) in coal combustion processes is studied under the influence of a low frequency, high intensity acoustic field. The effect of bimodal acoustic agglomeration is evaluated in a numerical sensitivity analysis on parameters such as residence time in the combustion chamber and mass loading of the particle modes. An Acoustic Agglomeration Simulation Model (AASM) developed by Song at the Pennsylvania State University is used for these numerical studies. Experimental examinations carried out in a down-fired combustor show evidence of bimodal agglomeration and enhanced particle interaction under the influence of a low frequency (44 Hz), high intensity (160 dB) sound field. The results of the experiments are compared to the equivalent numerical studies and good agreement can be shown between the two sets of data.

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31

Seo, Yong Seog, Sung June Cho, Sung Kyu Kang, and Hyun Dong Shin. "Experimental and numerical studies on combustion characteristics of a catalytically stabilized combustor." Catalysis Today 59, no. 1-2 (June 2000): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-5861(00)00274-1.

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32

Wang, Xuhuai, Xiang Zhang, Chen Yang, Hao Li, and Yong Liu. "Analysis of Pressure Fluctuation Characteristics of Central Swirl Combustors Based on Empirical Mode Decomposition." Sensors 22, no. 15 (July 27, 2022): 5615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22155615.

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In order to study the characteristics of pressure fluctuation during unstable combustion, experimental studies had been conducted on the mechanism model of the swirl combustor and the industrial swirl combustor. The signal of dynamic pressure, heat release rate, and the high-speed flame image in the two combustors were synchronously collected by using dynamic pressure sensors, a photoelectric sensor, and a high-speed camera under normal temperature and pressure. After empirical mode decomposition of the dynamic pressure signal, several intrinsic mode functions were obtained. It was found that the pressure pulsation energy is concentrated in the first three order intrinsic mode function. Through fast Fourier transform spectrum calculation, it was found that the first three order intrinsic mode function pulsation can characterize the changes of heat release rate and air flow pulsation under cold state and flame instability. It showed that the decomposition of the dynamic pressure in the combustor by this method can obtain the main physical processes in its connotation, and provide data processing methods for the induction mechanism of oscillating combustion and combustion diagnosis in an industrial combustor test.

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33

Zhang, Lin Hai, Deng Qin Xue, Jia Xi Zhang, Yu Fu, and Shu Lin Hou. "Straw Mixed Combustion Characteristics and Kinetic Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 1605–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.1605.

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The mixed materials come from Beijing Daxing District, corn stalks as the main raw material, peanut shells and wheat straw as affixation. Combustion characteristics of mixed materials are studied by using Thermogravimetric analyzer and combustion dynamics studied by using Coats-Refern method to offer practical and theoretical data for crop straw combustion and Densified . Studies have shown that Combustion curve of three samples have two distinct peaks, divided into water evaporated to dryness, and the combustion of volatiles, fixed carbon combustion and burnout four basic stages and lied a larger overlapping area in the entire combustion stage, That combustion characteristics and kinetic parameters of mixed materials are influenced by adding peanut shells, and less affected on adding wheat straws.

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34

Collin, Robert, Jenny Nygren, Mattias Richter, Marcus Alden, Leif Hildingsson, and Bengt Johansson. "Studies of the Combustion Process with Simultaneous Formaldehyde and OH PLIF in a Direct-Injected HCCI Engine(HCCI, Combustion Processes II)." Proceedings of the International symposium on diagnostics and modeling of combustion in internal combustion engines 2004.6 (2004): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jmsesdm.2004.6.311.

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35

Zhang, Jixiang. "Recent Studies on Alternative Fuel of Dimethyl Ether." Trends in Renewable Energy 9, no. 1 (January 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17737/tre.2023.9.1.00148.

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Анотація:

With the development of industrialization, a large number of non-renewable fuels (such as coal and crude oil) are consumed, and the harmful substances produced in the combustion process of a large number of fossil fuels have caused serious pollution to the atmosphere, and the harmful gases produced by combustion have caused disastrous damage to the ecological balance. Therefore, finding clean energy and exploring alternative fuels are very important in today's society. This paper mainly reviews the studies on the alternative fuels of dimethyl ether (DME). Firstly, the types of alternative fuels currently researched by society and their respective advantages and disadvantages are analyzed, and the preparation of dimethyl ether and its advantages and disadvantages are analyzed in detail. In addition, the physicochemical properties, combustion and emission characteristics of dimethyl ether and diesel are compared and analyzed. The conclusion is that the injection delay angle of dimethyl ether is larger than that of diesel, the ignition delay period is shorter than that of diesel, and the maximum explosion pressure, maximum pressure rise rate and combustion noise of dimethyl ether are lower than that of diesel. The diffusion combustion speed of DME is faster than that of diesel, and the combustion duration is shorter than that of diesel. At the same time, as an alternative energy, dimethyl ether engine has a significant reduction in NOx emission, a very low level of HC and CO emission, and zero soot emission. In conclusion, the DME engine has good performance and emission characteristics.

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36

ITO, Hiroyuki, Yuto SAKAI, Takero NAKAHARA, Tamio IDA, and Osamu FUJITA. "Studies on Solid Biomass Combustion-Combustion Characteristics of Highly Densified Biomass Briquette-." Journal of Smart Processing 1, no. 2 (2012): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7791/jspmee.1.36.

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37

Anetor, Lucky, and Edward Osakue. "Simulation studies of combustion in a constant-mass variable-volume combustion chamber." FME Transactions 46, no. 4 (2018): 475–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/fmet1804475a.

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38

Schock, Harold J. "Internal combustion engine combustion chamber process studies at NASA Lewis Research Center." Journal of Propulsion and Power 1, no. 5 (September 1985): 351–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.22808.

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39

Cook, C. S., J. C. Corman, and D. M. Todd. "System Evaluation and LBTU Fuel Combustion Studies for IGCC Power Generation." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 117, no. 4 (October 1, 1995): 673–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2815452.

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The integration of gas turbines and combined cycle systems with advances in coal gasification and gas stream cleanup systems will result in economically viable IGCC systems. Optimization of IGCC systems for both emission levels and cost of electricity is critical to achieving this goal. A technical issue is the ability to use a wide range of coal and petroleum-based fuel gases in conventional gas turbine combustor hardware. In order to characterize the acceptability of these syngases for gas turbines, combustion studies were conducted with simulated coal gases using full-scale advanced gas turbine (7F) combustor components. It was found that NOx emissions could be correlated as a simple function of stoichiometric flame temperature for a wide range of heating values while CO emissions were shown to depend primarily on the H2 content of the fuel below heating values of 130 Btu/scf (5125 kJ/NM3) and for H2/CO ratios less than unity. The test program further demonstrated the capability of advanced can-annular combustion systems to burn fuels from air-blown gasifiers with fuel lower heating values as low as 90 Btu/scf (3548 kJ/NM3) at 2300°F (1260°C) firing temperature. In support of ongoing economic studies, numerous IGCC system evaluations have been conducted incorporating a majority of the commercial or near-commercial coal gasification systems coupled with “F” series gas turbine combined cycles. Both oxygen and air-blown configurations have been studied, in some cases with high and low-temperature gas cleaning systems. It has been shown that system studies must start with the characteristics and limitations of the gas turbine if output and operating economics are to be optimized throughout the range of ambient operating temperature and load variation.

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40

Shilova, Alyona, Nikolay Bachev, and Roman Bulbovich. "COMPUTATIONAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF THE AREA OF SUSTAINABLE COMBUSTION OF NATURAL GAS WITH AIR." Perm National Research Polytechnic University Aerospace Engineering Bulletin, no. 66 (2021): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2224-9982/2021.66.05.

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One of the rational ways of creating low-emission combustion chambers is the organization of low-temperature lean combustion with external heating of the components before they are fed into the combustion chamber. When organizing lowtemperature lean combustion with large excess air ratios, problems may arise with ensuring a stable position of the flame front. Combustion stability to a large extent depends on the ratio of the average flow rate and the rate of turbulent combustion. The rate of turbulent combustion depends on the composition, pressure and temperature of the components supply and the degree of turbulence in the combustion chamber. The average flow rate depends on the excess air ratio (oxidizer and fuel consumption) and the geometric dimensions of the chamber. Earlier it was shown that when developing a low-emission combustion chamber with low-temperature lean combustion, it is advantageous to use the relative flow rate as a generalized characteristic of the intra-chamber process, which takes into account the consumption, geometric and thermodynamic parameters in the combustion chamber. This work is devoted to the analysis of stable combustion of a fuel composition natural gas + air based on the experimental data available in the public domain by the authors from the University of Michigan (USA). With the help of the methods developed by the authors, the experimental data on the limiting feed rates of the components into the atmospheric burner were processed. The limiting flow rates of air and natural gas, the limiting values of the excess air ratio, the longitudinal values of the speed of the fuel-air mixture and the limiting values of the relative flow rate are obtained and analyzed. Areas of stable combustion by the listed parameters at different degrees of air swirl are graphically presented.

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41

Liu, X., C. L. Bull, A. K. Kleppe, P. J. Dowding, K. Lewtas, and C. R. Pulham. "High-pressure crystallisation studies of biodiesel and methyl stearate." CrystEngComm 21, no. 30 (2019): 4427–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ce00393b.

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The widespread use of biodiesel as a renewable fuel offers many potential advantages, but at the same time presents challenges for modern internal combustion engines, particularly for those that involve high-pressure injection of fuel into the combustion chamber.

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42

Abuelnuor, Ali Abuelnuor Abdeen, Mazlan Abdul Wahid, Aminuddin Saat, Mohsin M. Sies, M. Kabashi Elbasheer, Seyed Ehsan Hosseini, Ahmed G. Dairobi, H. A. Mohammed, and A. N. Darus. "Review of Numerical Studies on NO_x Emission in the Flameless Combustion." Applied Mechanics and Materials 388 (August 2013): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.388.235.

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Today one source of pollution emission in the combustion of fossil fuels is the formation of nitrogen oxides. To solve this problem many technologies have been introduced such as flameless combustion. Flameless combustion is of a great interest since it simultaneously provides higher thermal efficiency together with controlling the pollutant emission such as NOX. In this technology, the preheat temperature of the combustion air must be higher than the auto-ignition temperature of the reactant mixture. In this study, papers showing the numerical studies on the flameless combustion to reduce NOX emission are presented.

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43

Wulff, A., and J. Hourmouziadis. "Staged combustor optimisation in the environmental aircraft envelope." Aeronautical Journal 107, no. 1071 (May 2003): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000013336.

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Abstract A new semi-empirical one-dimensional approach for the prediction of aeroengine combustor emissions is presented. The model features a high level of versatility, resulting in a remarkable correlation quality of measurement data of different combustors. This combustion model was modified to reflect the design characteristics of staged combustors. After implementation in an optimisation procedure it was used for staged combustor design studies. For a typical aeroengine application an optimised combustor design was derived with respect to a predefined criteria. Potential exchange rates of combustion efficiency versus NOx emissions by rematching the fuel split for different operating conditions at extreme points of the environmental envelope (ISA/hot day/cold day) of a modern commercial aircraft were investigated. Conclusions regarding the suitable operation of the combustor were drawn. Finally the effect of changed design constrains on the optimisation result was investigated.

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44

Atwood, Alice I., P. O. Curran, C. F. Price, and D. T. Bui. "COMBUSTION STUDIES OF NITRAMINE CONTAINING ENERGETIC MATERIALS." International Journal of Energetic Materials and Chemical Propulsion 5, no. 1-6 (2002): 533–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/intjenergeticmaterialschemprop.v5.i1-6.570.

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45

Darabi, P., J. Yuan, and M. Salcudean. "Numerical studies of mid-kiln tyre combustion." Advances in Cement Research 20, no. 3 (July 2008): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/adcr.2008.20.3.121.

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46

Artioli, G. "In situsynchrotron XRD studies of combustion processes." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 61, a1 (August 23, 2005): c87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767305096315.

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47

Hassel, Egon P., and Sven Linow. "Laser diagnostics for studies of turbulent combustion." Measurement Science and Technology 11, no. 2 (January 7, 2000): R37—R57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/11/2/201.

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48

Takeno, Tadao. "Recent Developments in Theoretical Studies of Combustion." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 97, no. 904 (1994): 188–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.97.904_188.

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49

Lee, Minhyeok, Yoshihiro Kawahara, Kenichi Morimoto, and Yuji Suzuki. "MEMS wireless temperature sensor for combustion studies." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 557 (November 27, 2014): 012077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/557/1/012077.

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50

Pu, Yi-kang, Shan Hu, and Józef Jarosiński. "Combustion tube studies of dust flame acceleration." Shock Waves 5, no. 1-2 (June 1995): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02425041.

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