Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Combined competitive strategy"

This study aims to examine the mediation effects of differentiation strategy and cost leadership strategy on the relationship between industrial competition and the performance of the higher education industry in Timor-Leste. The total of 157 departments of 11 accredited tertiary institutions in Timor-Leste were chosen to fill in the questionnaires, while SMART-PLS 3.0 was used to test the hypothesis. The results of this study show that industrial competition does not significantly influence industrial performance, while both the differentiation and the cost leadership strategies fully mediate the relationship between industrial competition and the performance. This research contributes to the debate on competitive strategic fitness to sustain competitive advantage in regard to pure strategy or combined strategy which is still unsettled among researchers. This research also contributes to developing strategic policies in the higher education industry for improving competitive advantages which lead to superior performance. The higher education industry can also benefit from this research by considering a combined differentiation and cost leadership strategy as a competitive strategy to improve industrial performance.

This article proposes to decide on the impact of external and internal factors (competitive forces and strategic capabilities) on strategic competitive choices (pure or hybrid). Using a sample of Tunisian companies operating in the manufacturing industry, the results show that face to the competition’ intensity, companies opt for competitive hybrid strategies at the expense of pure ones only when they have strong combined strategic capabilities. However, when they have a stock of capabilities less rich and less diversified, they have interest to pursue a pure competitive strategy. Moreover, the study shows that the pure competitive strategy differs according to the nature of the strategic capabilities held.

Purpose The credit card business has been one of the key businesses for banks in Taiwan. The purpose of this paper is to use competitive dynamics and structured context analysis (SCA) to explore the competition relationships among market, resources, and strategies concerning the credit card issued banks in Taiwan. Design/methodology/approach The market commonality and resource similarity analysis of competitive dynamics in the first stage obtained the competitive mapping of four major credit card issue banks, as well as the differences of competition strategy. In the second stage, 1,968 pieces of data on credit card news from 2013 to 2014 were collected. SCA was used to analyze the competitive action, competitive response, number of responses, response lag, and response order. Findings The competitor mapping and four hypothesis obtained from competitive dynamics correspond to the credit card competition strategy, as obtained from SCA. Originality/value This research combined competitive dynamics and SCA to analyze the credit cards market in Taiwan. The research model could be used in the other financial market.

Global innovation strategy makes a global (or international) organization more competitive and contributes to long term growth. A focus on newer trends and approaches in the technology and internal and external organizational processes would help the innovative and entrepreneurial spirit and endeavor. The proper organizational entrepreneurial goals, strategy and culture would generate greater connectedness with the relevant task environments for the global organization to explore and subsequently pursue newer product and services. Altogether, the integrated global sharing, joint experimentation among its subsidiaries and their combined innovation effort, the well-interfaced global supply chain’s innovative endeavors, and the well-planned and systematic innovation strategy, together would spur greater global competitiveness and growth. It is a combined global approach that would effectively generate innovation.

This study examines the performance consequences of aligning managerial functional experiences with generic competitive strategies and adopts a multidimensional view of generic competitive strategies involving low-cost leadership and several differentiation based strategies. Using data on a sample of 101 small manufacturing firms, the results of analysis provide substantial support for the alignment hypotheses. The study further tests a series of hypotheses on alignments between combined managerial experiences and hybrid strategies that combine low-cost leadership with differentiation based strategies. The findings indicate that superior performance results in conditions where managerial functional experiences are congruent with the requirements of particular generic or hybrid strategies.

Under the background of the electricity market reform, if the multi-owner cascade hydropower stations bid separately, the overall competitive advantages of river basin cannot be exerted, and the overall benefits cannot achieve the maximization. Based on the operation characteristics of cascade hydropower stations and the rule of competitive bidding, this paper established a bi-level optimal model for bidding game in day-ahead market, and used the Nash equilibrium principle of the game theory and genetic algorithm to solve this model, the optimal bidding strategies of the multi-owner cascade hydropower stations have been solved under the circumstances of bidding by oneself and alliance. The results from the calculating examples showed that the unified price declaration of the multi-owner cascade hydropower stations in day-ahead market can improve the overall and individual generation efficiency, and proved the effectiveness and feasibility of the combined bidding strategy in power market.

The present research featured competitive strategy aimed at achieving different goals in professional activity of employees with different intensity of perfectionism. It resulted in a definition of perfectionism based on the role of personality orientation in competitiveness, the subject content of personality orientation, and available publications on the subject content of perfectionism, its types, and their relationship. The type of perfectionism depends on personal characteristics that manifest themselves in competitive environment. Therefore, perfectionist orientation shapes completive strategy in employees. The research involved 142 employees (112 women, 30 men) aged 19–62. The procedure for identifying various types of perfectionist orientation combined the type of perfectionism, achievement motivation, and cognitive attitudes. The paper also introduces criteria for distinguishing self-oriented and socially-oriented perfectionism. The main goal of competition strategy in subjects with self-oriented perfectionism was formulated as demonstration of individual work pattern, while in subjects with sociallyoriented perfectionism it was high quality of activity. The first appeared to be fuelled by the internal motivation and dependence on others. However, criticism and disapproval can affect the desire to achieve the goal. The second was fuelled by security reasons and resulted in actions aimed at retaining the achieved advantages. Both groups hardly saw colleagues as rivals.

This study examines the independent and combined influences of internal and external antecedents to upstream environmental practices. Proactive environmental strategy is considered as an internal antecedent and competitive pressure as an external antecedent. Multiple hierarchical regression analysis is used to test the hypothesized relationships using data from a sample of 149 manufacturing companies located within the U.K. food industry. The results suggest that proactive strategy and competitive pressure exert both independent and combined influences on environmental supply chain practices. Proactive strategy appears to be a stronger driver of these practices, suggesting that internal stakeholders such as directors, managers, and employees may be more influential in the adoption of certain practices than external stakeholder pressures. This article builds upon the recent wave of research highlighting the potential for internal and external factors to generate a combined influence on the adoption of environmental practices within companies and their supply chains.

Background: The purpose of this master thesis was to investigate what generic strategies are utilized by big players in the solar photovoltaic industry to improve their competitive positions. The continuous expansion of the solar market indicated the significance of this research, since the correctly chosen strategy has a direct influence on the success and prosperity of the growing and developing high tech companies.Aim: The first aim of the study was to examine the applicability of Michael Porter‟s theory of generic strategies to the high tech industry, to be more precise the solar photovoltaic industry. The second aim of the study was to explore the cases, if any, when the simultaneous pursuit of more than one generic strategy was possible. The last but not the least aim was to deeply investigate the potential of the differentiation strategy and the effect it has on the companies.Definitions: The continuous utilization of the following concepts is present in the research: Generic strategies – the three different strategic approaches – cost leadership, differentiation, and focus – the companies can undertake to build a strong competitive advantage and outperform their competitors Differentiation – a case when a firm‟s offering is preferred, on some buying occasions (or by some customers all of the time) over rival firm‟s offerings Solar energy – alternative solutions of receiving energy directly from the sun – using solar modules which convert sunrays into electricityMethodology: Qualitative research methodology was used in this study. The in depth analyses of three case companies were done mainly by means of collecting the secondary data. In addition to that two out of three companies were contacted in order to conduct personal interviews via phone and email. Their answers were used as a supportive tool for the developed propositions.Results: The collected and analyzed secondary data together with the outcomes of the interviews revealed the flaws and limitations of Porter‟s theory. The simultaneous pursuit of two strategies was proven not only to be taking place, furthermore, to be leading to prosperity in some situations. The new model was developed which showed that the pursuit of two strategies is more of a necessity under certain circumstances. A thorough examination of the differentiation concept resulted in discovering the ways and methods which could be used by companies to strengthen their market positions.

Дисертаційну роботу присвячено обґрунтуванню теоретико-методичних основ та розробці практичних рекомендацій щодо побудови конкурентної стратегії торговельного підприємства, яка спрямована на формування динамічних конкурентних переваг в процесі забезпечення сталого розвитку підприємства. Розвинено категорійно-понятійний апарат теорії конкуренції, конкурентних стратегій, а також запропоновано концептуальний підхід до формування конкурентної стратегії на основі безперервної інноваційної моделі. Розглянуто і критично проаналізовано еволюціонування теорії конкуренції в перебігу формування економічних систем та доведено, що Індустрія 4.0 докорінно трансформує основні важелі конкурентного середовища, соціальний базис конкурентних стратегій та інструментів суперництва, основаних на інтелектуальній компоненті. Таке бачення уможливлює імплементування основних елементів Індустрії 4.0 в діяльність торговельних українських підприємств, зважаючи на їх роль у ланцюгу створення цінності. Визначено особливості функціонування механізму формування динамічного конкурентного потенціалу, який забезпечує швидкість реагування на зміни ринкової ситуації, стратегічну гнучкість та готовність підприємства до змін. На основі систематизації наукових підходів до формування конкурентної стратегії запропоновано її безперервну інноваційну модель, рушійним механізмом якої мають стати стратегічні дії підприємства щодо вдосконалення бази знань, а отже формування стійких та динамічних конкурентних переваг. До їх числа віднесено: мотиваційні механізми конкурування; системи управління знаннями й продукування генерації ідей та інновацій; інструменти маркетингу, сценарії досягнення лідерства; забезпечення інтересів стейкголдерів; партнерські стратегії. Удосконалено науково-методичний підхід щодо формування концептуального паттерну стратегічного конкурентного потенціалу підприємства роздрібної торгівлі, який на відміну від інших розробок включає: можливості, що склалися у зовнішньому середовищі; споживчий потенціал; потенціал внутрішнього середовища підприємства, і спрямований на підвищення конкурентного потенціалу підприємства. Концептуальний паттерн формування стратегічного конкурентного потенціалу, здатний не тільки формувати й підтримувати конкурентні переваги, але й продукувати інновацію цінностей для забезпечення безперервності розвитку торговельного підприємства. Виокремлено та обґрунтовано забезпечуючий ланцюг системних цінностей, який продукується функціональними підсистемами торговельного підприємства та формує унікальну торговельну пропозицію. Пропонований підхід забезпечить сучасне підґрунтя для формування конкурентної стратегії торговельного підприємства. Ідентифіковано та проведено класифікацію факторів впливу на формування конкурентних стратегій та культуру безперервного інноваційного бізнес-моделювання, яка, на відміну від усталених, виокремлює екзогенні (глобалізаційні процеси, межі ринків, темпи розвитку технологій, невизначеність середовища); ендогенні (динаміка та розмір внутрішнього потенціалу підприємств торгівлі, організаційні знання та навики, рівень між фірмової невизначеності) та стратегічні дії підприємств щодо вдосконалення бази знань та забезпечення безперервності розвитку конкурентної стратегії (партнерські стратегії, сценарії досягнення лідерства, забезпечення інтересів стейкголдерів, співконкуренція, внутрішні інноваційні процеси). Такий підхід дозволяє підприємствам торгівлі при формування конкурентної стратегії базуватися на безперервній інноваційній моделі. Дістала подальшого розвитку теоретизація понятійного апарату конкурентної стратегії підприємства, а саме: визначено сутність поняття «конкурентна стратегія», яка, на відміну від усталених поглядів, розглядається як динамічна модель поведінки підприємства, спрямована на досягнення сталої конкурентоспроможності в межах місії, націленої на задоволення потреб споживачів та забезпечення економічних, масштабних та іміджевих ефектів підприємства. Розвинено трактування сутності поняття «інновація цінності», яку на відміну від інших, запропоновано визначати як стратегію, що забезпечує здатність системи продукувати ринкові зміни на основі збалансованого поєднання виключної корисності, цільової собівартості, стратегічного ціноутворення задля безперервного розвитку підприємства у конкурентному середовищі. На підставі моніторингу ринку канцтоварів України удосконалено науково-методичний підхід до якісного оцінювання ситуації на ринку, який на відміну від інших розробок, ґрунтується на визначенні системи інтегрованих оцінок зовнішнього конкурентного макропотенціалу, в розрізі визначальних екзогенних факторів і залежить від їх варіації та рівня впливу на діяльність підприємства, що дозволило оцінити зовнішній конкурентний потенціал, який впливає на формування конкурентної стратегії підприємств роздрібної торгівлі. Сформовано теоретико-методичний підхід до визначення ефективності управління конкурентною позицією торговельного підприємства, що базується на інтегрованій оцінці масштабу конкурентного потенціалу, сили конкурентного впливу та результативності стратегічних дій конкурентів, та спрямований на трансформування стратегічного бачення позиції підприємства на ринку як конкурентної стратегії, а стійкість конкурентних переваг дозволяє визначати в контексті можливості утримання конкурентної позиції у довгостроковій перспективі. Запропоновано комплексний інтегральний показник ефективності управління конкурентною позицією підприємств роздрібної торгівлі на основі результативності стратегічних дій та сили конкурентного впливу. Все це формує аналітичну складову розробки конкурентної стратегії, яка забезпечить механізм порівняння динамічності, гнучкості конкурентних переваг, для формування сталої конкурентоспроможності в межах корпоративної стратегії спрямованої на задоволення потреб споживачів та забезпечення економічних, масштабних та іміджевих ефектів підприємства торгівлі. Набув подальшого розвитку ресурсний підхід до оцінювання внутрішнього конкурентного потенціалу підприємств роздрібної торгівлі, в основу якого, на відміну від інших, покладено розрахунок інтегрального показника на основі збалансованої системи часткових показників за такими складовими потенціалу, як: споживчий, фінансовий, клієнтський, бізнес-процесів, стратегічний та потенціал розвитку, що дає можливість комплексно визначити рушійні сили конкурентного потенціалу, розглянути синестезію пріоритетних конкурентних складових підприємства роздрібної торгівлі з цілями його корпоративної стратегії та забезпечити порівняння між існуючим станом та прогнозним рівнем конкурентного потенціалу підприємства. Запропоновано системно-раціональний підхід до реалізації тактичного конкурентного позиціювання в напрямку активних стратегічних дій підприємства роздрібної торгівлі в межах загальної конкурентної стратегії комбінування. Даний підхід ґрунтувався на припущенні, що формування мережі магазинів одного підприємства має відбуватися на основі експоненціального приросту корисності, ефекту масштабу, накопиченого досвіду й знань, зростанням довіри з боку зацікавлених осіб. Даний підхід складається з методики перевірки наявності тісноти синергійних зв’язків між магазинами, що входять до складу одного підприємства та моделі визначення раціонального масштабу мережі магазинів, побудованої на основі показника відносного загального доходу, який продукується мережею магазинів. Удосконалено науково-методичний підхід до формування конкурентної стратегії підприємства роздрібної торгівлі канцтоварами, який об’єднує в собі послідовність дій інтуїтивної аргументації сценаріїв досягнення лідерства на ринку та, на відміну від існуючих розробок, враховує структуризацію цілей тактичної конкурентної позиції, виявлення альтернативних тактичних завдань, які формують тактичні конкурентні переваги та тактик конкурування з подальшою ітерацією конвергенції ймовірнісного та бажаного стану системи в умовах ресурсних та часових обмежень. Результати отриманих досліджень та практичне вирішення завдань щодо формування конкурентної стратегії знайшло відображення у практичній діяльності підприємств роздрібної торгівлі канцтоварами міста Вінниці та Хмельницької торговельно-промислової палати. Ключові слова: стратегія, конкурентна стратегія, конкурентоспроможність, конкурентна позиція, конкурентні переваги, сила конкурентного впливу, інтенсивність конкуренції, споживчий потенціал, інновація цінності, функціональна цінність, вартісна цінність, споживча цінність, операційна цінність, організаційна цінність, комбінована конкурентна стратегія, тактична конкурентна позиція, тактика конкурування.
The dissertation is devoted to substantiation of theoretical and methodical bases and development of practical recommendations on construction of competitive strategy of commercial enterprise which is directed on formation of dynamic competitive advantages in the process of maintenance of sustainable development of the enterprise. It is developed categorical and conceptual system of theory of competition, competitive strategies, and also it is proposed a conceptual approach to the formation of a competitive strategy based on a continuous innovation model. It is considered and critically analyzed the evolution of competition theory during the formation of economic systems and it is proved that Industry 4.0 radically transforms the main levers of the competitive environment, the social basis of competitive strategies and rivalry tools based on the intellectual component. Such vision enables the implementation of the main elements of Industry 4.0 in the activities of Ukrainian commercial enterprises, considering to their role in the chain of creation the value. It is defined the peculiarities of functioning of the mechanism of formation of dynamic competitive potential which provides speed of reaction to changes of market situation, strategic flexibility and readiness of the enterprise to changes. Based on the systematization of scientific approaches to the formation of competitive strategy it is proposed its continuous innovative model, the driving mechanism of which should be the strategic actions of the enterprise to improve the base of knowledge, and therefore the formation of sustainable and dynamic competitive advantages. These include: motivational mechanisms of competition; knowledge management systems and production of idea generation and innovation; marketing tools, scenarios of achieving the leadership; ensuring the interests of stakeholders; partnership strategies. It is improved the scientific and methodological approach to the formation of the conceptual pattern of strategic competitive potential of the retail enterprise, which, unlike other developments, includes: opportunities that have developed in the external environment; consumer potential; the potential of the internal environment of the enterprise, and aims to increase the competitive potential of the enterprise. Conceptual pattern of formation of strategic competitive potential is able not only to form and maintain competitive advantages, but also to produce innovation of values to ensure the continuity of development of commercial enterprise. It is highlighted and grounded the providing chain of system values, which is produced by the functional subsystems of trade enterprise and forms a unique trade offer. The suggested approach will provide a modern basis for formation of competitive strategy of commercial enterprise. It is identified and carried out the classification of impact factors on the formation of competitive strategies and culture of continuous innovative business modeling, which, unlike established, carves out exogenous (globalization processes, markets borders, the rate of technology development, the uncertainty of the environment); endogenous (dynamics and size of internal potential of trade enterprises, organizational knowledge and skills, the level interfirm uncertainty) and strategic actions of enterprises to improve the knowledge base and ensure the continuity of competitive strategy (partnership strategies, scenarios of achieving the leadership, ensuring the interests of stakeholders, co-competition, internal innovation processes ). Such approach allows the trade enterprises during the formation of competitive strategy to base on continuous innovation model. Received of further development of theorizing conceptual system of competitive strategy of the enterprise, namely: it is defined he essence of the concept of «competitive strategy», which, unlike established views, is considered as a dynamic model of enterprise behavior aimed at achieving sustainable competitiveness within the mission aimed at meeting consumer needs and ensuring economic, large-scale and image effects of the enterprise. It is developed interpretation of the essence of the concept of «value innovation», which, unlike others, is proposed to define as a strategy that ensures the ability of the system to produce market changes based on the balanced combination of exceptional utility, target prime cost, strategic pricing for continuous development in the competitive environment. Based on the monitoring of the stationery market of Ukraine, it is improved the scientific and methodological approach to qualitative assessment of the market situation, which, unlike other developings, is based on the definition of the system of integrated assessment of external competitive macro-potential, in terms of determinative exogenous factors and depends on their variation and the level of impact on the enterprise activity, which is allowed to assess external competitive potential that effects on the formation of competitive strategy of the retail trade enterprises. It is formed theoretical and methodical approach of determination of management efficiency of competitive position of commercial enterprise, which is based on the integrated assessment of the scale of competitive potential, strength of the competitive impact and effectiveness of strategic actions of competitors, and aims at transforming of strategic vision of the position of the enterprise on the market as a competitive strategy, and the stability of competitive advantages allows to determine in the context of the possibility of maintaining a competitive position in the long prospect. It is suggested a complex integrated indicator of the effectiveness of managing the competitive position of the retail trade enterprises based on the effectiveness of strategic actions and the strength of competitive influence. All it forms an analytical component of the development of competitive strategy, which will provide a mechanism of comparing the dynamism, flexibility of competitive advantages, to form a sustainable competitiveness within the corporate strategy aimed at meeting consumer needs and ensuring economic, scale and image-building effects of trade enterprise. It is acquired further resource approach to assessing the internal competitive potential of the retail trade enterprises, on the basis, unlike others, is laid the calculation of integrated indicator based on a balanced system of partial indicators for such components of potential as consumer, financial, customer, business processes, strategic and development potential, which allows to determine comprehensively the driving forces of competitive potential, to consider the synesthesia of priority competitive components of the retail trade enterprise with the goals of its corporate strategy and to provide a comparison between the existing state and the forecast level of competitive potential. It is suggested system-rational approach to realization of tactical competitive positioning in the direction of active strategic actions of the retail trade enterprise within general competitive strategy of combination. This approach was based on the assumption that the formation of chain store system of one enterprise should be based on the exponential increase of utility, effect of scale, accumulated experience and knowledge, increasing trust from interested person. This approach consists of a method of checking the closeness of synergies between stores that are part of the same enterprise and the model of determining the rational scale of the chain store system, built on the basis of the relative total revenue, which is produced by the chain store system. It is improved scientific and methodological approach to the formation of a competitive strategy of the retail trade enterprise of stationery, which consisits of combination of sequences of actions of intuitive reasoning scenarios of achieving the leadership at the market and, in contrast with the existing developings, takes into account the structuring of tactical competitive position, identifying alternative tactical tasks tactical which forms tactical competitive advantages and competitive tactics with subsequent iteration of the convergence of the probable and desired state of the system in terms of resource and time constraints. The results of the received researches and practical decision of issues to form the competitive strategy were reflected in practical activity of the enterprises of retail trade enterprises of stationery of Vinnytsia and Khmelnytskyi Chamber of Commerce and Industry.

Constant changes in the competitive environment, in industrial as well as in services companies, increased the search for efficiently better tools, for advanced technologies less dependent of market tides. Those changes have amplified the investment proportions in the hunt for tools capable of generating sustainable competitive advantages. This way, the present study aims to describe an integration of ABC cost systems and the EVA performance indicator, as facilitating elements for the development of production potentialities of a private hospitality organization, more specifically its surgical block. The combined implementation of both tools is presented complimentarily, for it showed, in its analysis, mechanisms that minimize the distortions caused by management accountancy, as well as financial administration. The latter, for it does not consider the opportunity cost of own capital as economical expense; and the former, for not establishing adequate systems for indirect cost allocation. The resulting model established the necessary conditions for analysis of the main activities that resulted positively for the development of productive potentialities, as well as supplied correct information of cost rates, representing this result and the identification of activities that better aggregate value to the competitive strategy.
As mudanças que vêm ocorrendo no ambiente competitivo, tanto nas empresas industriais como nas prestadoras de serviço, fizeram com que a busca por ferramentas mais eficientes e eficazes tomasse uma proporção cada vez maior por tecnologias avançadas e menos dependentes das variações indesejadas dos mercados. Tais mudanças vêm provocando um aumento na proporção de investimentos e a busca por novas ferramentas gerenciais capazes de identificar uma vantagem competitiva sustentável. Dessa forma, o presente estudo apresenta a integração do sistema ABC de custos aliado ao indicador de desempenho EVA, como elementos facilitadores do processo de desenvolvimento das potencialidades produtivas de uma Organização Hospitalar Privada, especificamente para o setor bloco cirúrgico desta empresa. A implementação combinada das duas ferramentas apresenta-se de forma complementar, por abordarem, em suas análises, mecanismos que possibilitam a diminuição das distorções geradas pela contabilidade gerencial bem como da administração financeira. Esta por não considerar o custo de oportunidade do capital próprio como uma despesa econômica, e a contabilidade gerencial por não estabelecer sistemas adequados de alocação dos custos indiretos. O modelo resultante deste estudo estabeleceu as condições necessárias de análise das principais atividades que resultaram positivamente para o desenvolvimento das potencialidades produtivas da organização, além de fornecer a informação correta das taxas de custo do setor, representando um desenvolvimento para seus sistemas produtivos bem como a identificação das atividades que melhor representam a criação de valor para o negócio, focados para a estratégia competitiva.

In what ways do companies within an industry converge? We address this by combining theory on competitive strategy and supply chain strategy to understand how companies can be differentiated in these dimensions. As competitive strategies are affected by internal and external factors, these affect strategy design and resource management of a company in order to remain competitive. Convergence occurs when an industry matures, and several regulatory or non-regulatory norms arise that firms move toward and, in the process, become more similar. Through developing a framework that addresses intra-industry convergence and taking the case of the European airline industry, we aim to demonstrate the application of using competitive strategy and supply chain strategy analyses to analyze and evaluate intra-industry convergence through a standardized model.

碩士
國立交通大學
高階主管管理碩士學程
99
Sustainable management to competitive strategy becomes a high consistive pressure for most of the companies in facing technology breakthrough, economic structure change in emerging countries and globalization in changing business environment. Taiwan industrials have characterized with some unique political and culture backgrounds that others do not have in developing the business in mainland China after the full economic opening and financial storm around year 2000. Lots of theories and models for supply chain management and competitive strategy have been presented by academic and industrial researches since early 1960. Unfortunately, all these theories and models are studied independently. We try to construct a practicle model by combining the supply chain and SWOT analysis together. The combined supply chain and SWOT model is applied to analysis the feasibility of the business strategy of quartz frequency control products companies in Taiwan. These Taiwaness companies utilize their competitive advantage at finance and relationships between material suppliers to support the raw material for OEM production. The Taiwaness companies become the material and equipments suppliers to their Mainland China OEM companies and, in the mean time, the customer of their OEM product makers. The study of the business model and competitive strategy at those Taiwaness quartz devices companies proves that this supply chain and SWOT combined model is workable.

碩士
立德大學
科技管理研究所
97
An enterprise facing a competitive environment and the changes of the economics has to always think about how to manage its own business in order to sustain. When the environment is under change, an enterprise has to provide a different strategy and actively to cope with it, as well as valuing the training of its staffs and professional skills. This research is to use a case study to investigate the corporation success formula by Donald N. Sull. The formula combines professional management and six standard differentiation to adjust organizational strategy and integrate as the educational taining pattern. We are looking into its effect and relationship with corporational competition strategy. We found that after our verification, the main reason of causing the sales comes to a pause is that the strategy is lack of elasticity and being rigid. If we can integrate the strategy by improving our methods, there is no doubt we can enhance the formula.

The prewar history of the Japanese intelligence community demonstrates how having power over much, but insight into little can have devastating consequences. Its postwar history—one of limited Japanese power despite growing insight—has also been problematic for national security. This book dissects the fascinating history of the intelligence community in Japan. Looking at the impact of shifts in the strategic environment, technological change, and past failures, it probes the reasons why Japan has endured such a roller-coaster ride when it comes to intelligence gathering and analysis, and concludes that the ups and downs of the past century—combined with growing uncertainties in the regional security environment—have convinced Japanese leaders of the critical importance of striking balance between power and insight. Using examples of excessive hubris and debilitating bureaucratic competition before the Asia-Pacific War, the unavoidable dependence on U.S. assets and popular sensitivity to security issues after World War II, and the tardy adoption of image-processing and cyber technologies, the book highlights the century-long history of Japan's struggles to develop a fully functioning and effective intelligence capability, and makes clear that Japanese leaders have begun to reinvent their nation's intelligence community.

Nordic Genre Film offers a transnational approach to studying contemporary genre production in Nordic cinema. It discusses a range of internationally renowned examples, from Nordic noir such as the television show The Bridge and films like Insomnia (1997) to high concept ‘video generation’ productions such as Iron Sky (2012). Yet, genre, at least in this context, indicates both a complex strategy for domestic and international competition as well as an analytical means to identify the Nordic film cultures’ relationships to international trends. Conceptualizing Nordic genre film as an industrial and cultural phenomenon, other contributions focus on road movies, the horror film, autobiographical films, the quirky comedy, musicals, historical epics and pornography. These are contextualized by discussion of their place in their respective national film and media histories as well as their influence on other Nordic countries and beyond. By highlighting similarities and differences between the countries, as well as the often diverse production modes of each country, as well as the connections that have historically existed, the book works at the intersections of film and cultural studies and combines industrial perspectives and in depth discussion of specific films, while also offering historical perspectives on each genre as it comes to production, distribution and reception of popular contemporary genre film.

AbstractPort and city authorities all over Europe and beyond are striving with finding solutions able to combine sustainability with economic growth. Several global urgencies in fact, such as climate change, energy transition, the exponential changes in the scale of ports and ships and last but not least the economic and health shock related to the coronavirus pandemic, are challenging the spaces where ports physically meet their cities, generating processes of caesura within the urban patterns with consequent impacts on the quality of life. In port cities, infrastructures and energy flows overlap with city flows and patterns that change with different rhythms and temporalities. This discrepancy creates abandonment and marginality between port and city. This today is no longer sustainable. New approaches and solutions that look at integration and circularity rather than separation are necessary.Circularity has been widely discussed in the literature. However, the concept still remains very controversial, especially when it comes to port cities where new definitions are needed in particular to better understand the spatial dimension of circularity. The Rotterdam therefore case study stands exemplary. Here, the concept of the circular economy refers mostly to the theme of obsolete industrial buildings and marginal that are reinserted again within the urban metabolism. The case of Rotterdam points out that the competition of the port today goes through the quality of its relationship spaces and the ability of the different actors involved in the planning process to hold together economic growth and environmental sustainability. The areas along the river are in fact the most fascinating places in the city and today they are ready for a different use. In order for the city to become an attractive place to live it is necessary to build new, innovative and sustainable spatial visions. This will lead to scenarios of sustainable coexistence between port and city. Therefore, these two agendas (sustainable port and city attractiveness) came together in the area known as Makers district (M4H) which, together with RDM campus, represents the Rotterdam testing ground for innovation.Therefore, this chapter, by arguing that ports will play a crucial role in the transition towards more circularity investigates how to make it happen and how to transform the challenges of the port into opportunities for a territorial regeneration towards new forms of integration. In order to answer the question, the case of Rotterdam is presented to analyse a model of urban regeneration where different planning agencies—mainly port authority, municipality, universities and private parties—work together at different scales to define a sustainable coexistence of interests. The research, which draws data on existing literature and policy documents analysis, firstly introduces the spatial and governance structures of the city of Rotterdam as part of a bigger metropolitan region. Secondly, it analyses the case of “Stadshavens strategy” as an emblematic example to overcome conflicts and path dependencies at the intersection of land and water. Finally, it concludes by highlighting some limitations and path dependencies that could make the transition to new forms of the circular economy very difficult in the future.

Non-financial information such as environmental, social, governance (ESG) issues is becoming as much important as financial data. This study investigated the empirical relationship between Thomson Reuters Environmental Social Governance (ESG) Combined Score and performance of S&P 500 firms with eleven years of data from between 2006 and 2016. The study confirmed unidirectional positive and significant relation between ESG Combined Score and ROA, suggesting that improvements in ESG score have positive impact on operating performance of the firm. Although simultaneous equation estimations by means of instrumental variables (IV) employing two-stage least squares (2SLS) and three-stage least squares (3SLS) confirmed the significant positive relation between ESG Combined Score and operational profitability (ROA); contrarily, Tobin's Q seemed to affect ESG score rather than the ESG score inducing Tobin's Q. Higher Tobin's Q seems to lead to a lower ESG score. In other words, firms with higher growth potential as denoted by a higher Tobin's Q, are found to be less sensitive to ESG issues.

This chapter aims to bring together an understanding of the dynamics of the growth of sectoral systems and of their performance. These two approaches are combined to examine the evolution over time of the biotechnology system of innovation in Oxfordshire in the South East of the UK. It addresses the research questions of what are the key features of this local sectoral system and what are local strengths and weaknesses? A European Union FP7 HealthTies project (2011-13) has been a key source of data for this chapter.

In the 20th century, biotechnology has been growing quickly on industrial platforms with a vast scope for innovation and the entrepreneurial market. Entrepreneurship in biotechnology including its various sub-disciplines focuses on biotech commercial components and possible fundamental strategies combined with laboratory practical analysis and productive outcome of working biotech entrepreneurs, professionals, researchers, and scientists. Likewise, biotechnology in India has risen with the various pharma-biotechnology-based industries leading the charge. Across India, more than 350 well-capitalized companies are working in various related fields of biotechnology including biopharmaceuticals, nanotechnology, bio-services, agriculture computational biotechnology, and bioinformatics.

Social, cultural, and technological changes on a large scale, combined with increasing mobility and consequent globalization, have decisively influenced society and consequently tourism, assuming this as one of the main sectors of the world economy, with constant global growth. The tourist activity motivated a greater influx of people to certain territories, generating the need to guide citizens in unknown spaces and communicate basic messages with a universal language. This chapter is the result of a research on information design, which aims to analyze tourist signage systems, to propose principles for the development of these systems, which can contribute to the aesthetic and functional improvement of tourist signage of information and guidance, to innovation and to the competitiveness of the tourism sector.

Entrepreneurship is a worldwide reality. Since the beginning of times and all around the world people have created businesses. Entrepreneurial orientation, from a macroeconomic perspective, allows income and employment generation, thus boosting growth. At the microeconomic level, it is a competition booster playing a central role in a globalized market. In this entrepreneurial ecosystem in which knowledge-based activity is the core booster of employment, economic growth, and competitiveness, universities and, in particular, entrepreneurial universities play either the role of knowledge production and dissemination. The present work aims to understand the role of education (formal and entrepreneurship) on entrepreneurial activity combined with heterogeneous individual characteristics and different cultures and geographies. Specifically, the study identifies substitution and complementary effects among both types of education according to individual taxonomies.

This chapter presents the findings of two closely related studies about a selection of premises on which some organization development (OD) practices are based. In the first study, 18 taken-for-granted assumptions have been held against the scientific literature using rapid evidence assessment (REA) as a method. In light of the available evidence, some of these assumptions proved to be untenable. In a second study, practitioners were confronted with these assumptions and fed back the assessments. These studies, combined together, show that practitioners are often not aware of scientific findings relevant to their field. On the other hand, despite all the reseach that has been done and published, the scientific literature often does not provide satisfactory and conclusive answers to the questions practitioners grapple with.

Sustainable economic intelligence, as a form of superior manifestation of an economy based on knowledge and innovation requires the management, quantification, monitoring, and reporting of non-financial information by economic entities (environmental issues, social and personnel aspects, respect the human rights and combating corruption) defined in relation to the average number of employees, total balance sheet, and net turnover. These elements, combined in the non-financial statements of economic entities, are decisive in achieving the transition to a sustainable global economy, combining profitability with social responsibility and environmental protection. The purpose of this scientific research is to achieve a systematization of the main non-financial performance indicators relevant to the activity of economic entities in Romania in order to favor sustainable economic growth and ensure transparency for stakeholders.

The aim of the present study is to explore Digital Transformation frontiers using the lens of Open Innovation. By implementing bibliographic coupling method, the authors bring together segmental publications from different research fields and provide a comprehensive overview of the combined Open Innovation and Digital Transformation field's intellectual structure, revealing the different groups of thoughts, influential authors, and pressing topics. The research findings illustrate, the research area has polycentric composition with absence of overlaps between articles. Five main research groups are identified: Co-evolution of Digital Technologies and Open Innovation; Digital Peer-communities; Digital Ecosystems; Knowledge Management in the Open and Digital Era; and Open Innovation, Digital Technologies, and Businesses Performance. The current research contributes both Open Innovation and Digital Transformation fields by cross-exploring each phenomenon and revealing how Digital Transformation shapes the nature of innovation as a collaborative activity as part of an independent research area.

Agriculture being the prime means of livelihood, there is a basic need of re-inventing the farming best practices, combined with tech-driven innovations in this segment to ensure sustainability and eliminate poverty and hunger. In this chapter, the authors focus on introducing relevant technology-enabled services that will ensure economic sustainability, enhance food security through data-driven decision making by various stakeholders like farmers,agri-business and agri-tech start-ups, farmpreneurs, government, agronomists, and IT suppliers. The analyzed information will be used as a vantage by farmers to select precision farming practices to aid productivity to empower personnel to provide timely assistance and industries to implement real-time monitoring using sensors and devices. The chapter will help formulate concepts, methods, practices, benefits, and introducing several case scenarios to effectively propagate the service mode of farming that will imbibe pay-as-you go model ensuring cost optimization and operational ease.

This paper connects research from business model innovation and information systems by exploring critical IT capabilities for servitized business models. The adoption of servitized business models is a major business model innovation strategy. At the same time, digitalization drives the evolution of IT capabilities at these business models. Scholars argue that it remains unclear how IT capabilities enable servitized business models to build a competitive advantage by achieving cost advantages or differentiation. This paper explores IT capabilities that enable building a competitive advantage for servitized business models based on a qualitative analysis of multiple published case studies. The authors identify configurations of IT capabilities among servitized business models. The findings contribute to servitization research by exploring IT capabilities and how they are combined among servitized business models. The insights help practitioners deploy digital technologies and IT assets effectively as building blocks of IT capabilities to advance their servitized business model.

Abstract While many companies have embarked on their digital transformation journeys implementing different forms of "Digital Twins" to cover specific business processes and challenges, their main challenge has been integrating these disparate Digital Twin projects into one single combined view to create significant new value and competitive advantage for the business. To be effective, the Digital Twin needs to be capable of supporting the entire asset lifecycle from the early phases of a capital project to operations and maintenance up to asset retirement, leveraging the same data in a platform able to support the end-to-end process. This paper looks at several approaches, which large owner operators at different levels of organizational information management maturity have used to build their Enterprise Scale Digital Twin strategies. It uses the lessons learned to highlight the successes and failures of these strategies and recommended approaches going forward. The results observed, identify that whilst there is a reasonably standard roadmap for approaching the development of Digital Twins most customers begin at different points along that journey. It also highlights that the end goal may not be the same across an Enterprise and that by taking the development of a Digital Twin as a series of incremental steps, independent of the starting point, serves to accelerate the journey by driving an increase in the organizational maturity in terms of People, Process and Technology and an improvement in data quality. One of the key components in any strategy was the ability to manage the information standard for the Digital Twin at an Enterprise level, for both greenfield and brownfield organizations and assets. The paper concludes the benefits of technical and commercial scalability and the requirements to get a solid manageable and trustworthy core of information should be at the heart of any Enterprise-wide Digital Twin strategy. This is contrary to the common approach of building a single detailed Proof of Concept (PoC) addressing as many use cases as possible and then templatizing that as an approach to repeat around the Enterprise, which often leads to failure on additional deployments where the maturity and challenges are different.

Metamodels approximate complex multivariate data sets from simulations and experiments. These data sets often are not based on an explicitly defined function. The resulting metamodel represents a complex system’s behavior for subsequent analysis or optimization. Often an exhaustive data search to obtain the data for the metamodel is impossible, so an intelligent sampling strategy is necessary. While multiple approaches have been advocated, the majority of these approaches were developed in support of a particular class of metamodel, known as a Kriging. A more generic, commonsense approach to this problem allows sequential sampling techniques to be applied to other types of metamodels. This research compares recent search techniques for Kriging metamodels with a generic, multi-criteria approach combined with a new type of B-spline metamodel. This Bspline metamodel is competitive with prior results obtained with a Kriging metamodel. Furthermore, the results of this research highlight several important features necessary for these techniques to be extended to more complex domains.

Making concurrent decisions on assembly plans and supply chain configurations is a desirable strategy in today’s competitive global market. Such concurrent decisions help reduce decision iterations for shortened lead time, and lower the total cost for manufacturers and their supply chains. However, there lacks deep understanding of the interaction of assembly plans and supply chain configurations, as well as methodologies for integrating them. In this paper, we consider the problem of simultaneously decomposing an assembly product to modules and assigning the modules to suppliers. The joint decision is formulated as an optimization problem of finding the assembly decomposition and the corresponding supply chain network with the lowest total supply chain cost. We develop a coordinated decision making method by integrating assembly AND/OR graphs with supply chain cost information. A Dynamic Programming (DP) based algorithm is developed to efficiently solve the combined optimization problem. Case studies demonstrate that the proposed method can find optimal solutions to the integrated decision making problem efficiently and provide a tool to plan assemblies from the perspective of the total supply chain cost in the early stages of product development.

Quality Function Deployment — QFD combined with Concurrent Engineering — CE as a support tool for the competitive strategy on product development is devised. In this study, beyond the proposed method, it is intended to develop relations with innovational models, arrangements of innovation and technology transfer, learning in organizations, and how the diffusion of knowledge occurs. QFD can also be one those main tools of CE as this identifies the customer’s main requirements translating into the features required for products. The field survey of exploratory and descriptive type, using the questionnaire as data collection technique, was carried out in the manufacturing companies in the fast growing sectors of automobile industries in the State of Parana located in the Southern of Brazil. The selection of sample companies was made intentionally to guarantee of return of answer through the accessibility criteria. The reasons for this fact that can be pointed out are: the use of “home made” methodology to fulfill customer’s requirements, unknowing of the methodology, and the lack of adequate training to use QFD. It is expected that the results of findings, if disseminated adequately among local companies, will help to enhance the competitiveness performance beyond the local market scenario.

A software system was developed to simulate technical performance and predict feasible, economically optimum operating arrangements for a multi-faceted cogenerating combined cycle. The software combines detailed technical performance data with commodity prices and contractual obligations to predict equipment loads that optimize net plant revenue subject to several operational constraints. The optimization technique is iterative due to the nonlinear behavior of the plant. Detailed production capability of each plant component is pre-simulated over the entire range of operation using a widely-accepted, commercially-available simulation package. Pre-simulated results are stored in look-up tables for fast evaluation during optimization calculations. This paper describes the plant equipment, the optimization technique, and illustrates how the software output guides plant management in strategic planning and operations in an evolving competitive electric and gas market.

Increased availability, reliability and performance combined with reduced maintenance costs are key factors for the success of gas turbine users. Alstom reconditioning answers to this market demand by providing advanced and competitive repair techniques and an increasing broad reconditioning portfolio to its customers. This paper focuses on the reconditioning of film cooled SX components used in the GT24 and GT26 fleet and the latest enabling technologies. The general reconditioning strategy is based on a thorough analysis of the accumulated field experience with SX parts and a controlled, step-wise introduction of new techniques. Taking advantage of the broad interdisciplinary OEM product and design know-how, as well as Alstom’s rich engineering experience in advanced reconditioning, state of the art reconditioning processes have been developed for different damage scenarios for components. This would include the most technically challenging SX “heavy” scope reconditioning. This paper gives an overview about the reconditioning sequence for SX components and some of its key process steps. As an example, the crack braze repair process is described in detail and several novel SX welding techniques for crack repairs, blade tip and temperature controlled leading edge wall thickness restoration are shown. This covers different processes such as TIG welding or laser metal forming (LMF) of SX components. During the last few years, highly automated production solutions and innovative production tools have been implemented, which enable high capacity and consistently high quality of reconditioning. After their successful validation and a limited phase of monitored production, these techniques are applied on rotating and stationary SX turbine parts. Validation criteria and the experience gained during the first years of commercial production and operation in the field will be presented.

The paper addresses the optimization of the managing strategy of a cogenerative power park in a liberalized market characterized by great time variability of the electricity sale price. Besides electric tariffs and marginal costs, a variety of other factors affects the selection of operating mode of the prime movers, such as environmental conditions, O&M costs, range of plant output regulation capability and performance deterioration of the components. The optimum plant operating schedule is found with reference to a tariff scenario where the base-load, mid-term and peak-load electricity costs are set by economical competition among a variety of power stations. The first part of the paper focuses on the case of a single cogenerative combined cycle, generating heat and electricity for an industrial load. The paper then deals with the extension of the optimization strategy to the more complex case of a combination of various prime movers (including combined cycle, combustion turbines and reciprocating gensets), all feeding the same district heating network. The results indicate the utmost importance of a correct management of the power stations for the achievement of best energy ad economic results.

A hydraulic hybrid powertrain for passenger vehicle is studied in this paper. The hydraulic hybrid powertrain consists of a hydro-mechanical transmission and a hydraulic accumulator. The key component of this hydro-mechanical transmission is a pressure-controlled hydraulic transmission. It combines pumping and motoring function in one unit and is potentially more competitive in terms of both energy efficiency and cost effectiveness than a conventional hydrostatic transmission. By feeding the output flow of the pressure-controlled hydraulic transmission to a variable displacement motor coupled to the transmission output shaft, a more compact and simpler hydro-mechanical transmission is constituted. In this paper the systematic approach of applying the hydraulic hybrid powertrain to a passenger vehicle is studied. A dynamic simulation model is developed in Simulink and the U.S. EPA’s urban cycle is used as the test driving cycle. A rule-based energy management strategy (EMS) for the hydraulic hybrid powertrain has also been developed. The system parameter design, controller design and the energy management strategy are evaluated through simulation.

Platform-based product development depends on many factors, including technology, cost, competition, and life cycle considerations, and many companies would benefit from knowing more about the nature of their product families and how they impact platform-based product development. We assert that the development of a product platform and its derivative family of products is also impacted by the homogenous/heterogeneous nature of the products being developed, which has received little attention in the engineering literature. The current study introduces an original metric for assessing the homogeneity/heterogeneity in a given family: the Homogeneity versus Heterogeneity Ratio (HHR), which works at two levels of abstraction, namely, family and function. This study focuses on the platform leveraging strategy and takes an interest in two other aspects of platform development: the specification of the family and the necessary differentiation. To support platform design, the HHRfamily and HHRfunction metrics quantify the ratio of homogeneity/heterogeneity in the family to recommend a platform leveraging strategy by highlighting homogeneous functions that support platform leveraging. Reverse engineering helps us to retroactively study three types of families (power tools, single-use cameras, and blue jeans) using HHRfamily and HHRfunction. In particular, we demonstrate: (1) quantification of the homogeneity/heterogeneity of a family of products based on their functions; (2) recommendation of a leveraging strategy based on HHR; (3) a new leveraging strategy, the combined leveraging strategy via cross leveraging; (4) how HHR can help designers to validate the product family specification; and (5) how HHR can highlight needs to differentiate a family of products other than through functions.

While China has been increasingly contributing to the recent growth in electricity generation in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the effects of China-funded investment on host countries’ debt burden and transition to renewable energy sources have not been sufficiently explored. Drawing on secondary data, combined with deep dive studies of Ethiopia and Uganda, this paper shows that despite significant liberalisation of the power sector in SSA, Chinese investments in the electricity industry continue to follow state-led project contract-based models. We show that this approach has failed to encourage Chinese firms to build compelling investment portfolios for competitive procurements within the region and, instead and inadvertently, it has exacerbated the debt burden of host country governments. Second, in spite of the global drive towards climate resilient energy generation, Chinese funding of electricity generation in SSA is not sufficiently channelled towards modern renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power that could reduce vulnerability to climate change. While recognising that the private sector-led competitive model of power generation is not without limitations, we argue that SSA’s electricity generation strategy that leads to less public debt and more climate resilience involves increased involvement of Chinese investment in the competitive model, with more diversification of such investment portfolios towards modern renewables such as wind and solar energy resources.