Дисертації з теми "Color purity"

Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня доктора технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.17.11 – технологія тугоплавких неметалічних матеріалів, Державний вищий навчальний заклад "Український державний хіміко-технологічний університет", Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2020. Дисертацію присвячено розвитку наукових основ технології екологічно безпечних захисно-декоративних склоемалевих покриттів широкої колірної гами по сталі і кольоровим металам, а також принципів регулювання та прогнозування їх колірних характеристик. Внаслідок проведення дослідження за темою дисертаційної роботи одержані такі наукові результати: - науково обгрунтовано та експериментально доведено, що отримання на кольорових металах емалевих покриттів, які не вміщують Плюмбум, можливе на основі стекол системи Na₂O–BaO–B₂O₃–SiO₂; за комплексом визначених властивостей та здатності утворювати найбільш якісні покриття на мідній основі виділена область базової системи, мол.%: Na₂O – 24,2–40,5; ВаО – 5,0–10,0; B₂O₃ – 15,2–30,5; SiO₂ – 24,0–53,5, яка у зрівнянні з межами цих компонентів в відомих складах безплюмбатних емалей характеризується збільшеним в 2 рази вмістом B₂O₃ і відносно невеликим вмістом SiO₂; - встановлені основні тенденції зміни колірного тону стекол системи Na₂O–BaO–B₂O₃–SiO₂, які суттєво відрізняються за хімічним складом та забарвлені іонними барвниками, з огляду на розташування максимумів ІЧ-спектрів стекол та їх кислотно-основні властивості; останні оцінювались двома розрахунковими структурними параметрами: fSi – ступінь зв’язності кремнекисневого каркасу і Ψв – орієнтовний показник координаційного стану Бору в структурі скла. Доведено, що між колірним тоном λ та Ψв існує значний кореляційний зв'язок для стекол, забарвлених CuO r*=−0,83 і CoO r*=−0,87 та слабкий – для стекол, забарвлених K₂Cr₂O₇ – r*=0,5; - виявлені закономірності забарвлення одної скломатриці і емалевого покриття на її основі в системі R₂O–ВаО–ZnO–Al₂O₃–В₂О₃–TiO₂–SiO₂ рядом іонними барвників. Незалежно від вмісту барвників, вони надають однаковий колірний тон як стеклам, так і покриттям на основі цих стекол, а саме: CuO (1,0–3,0 мас.%) λ=489–494 нм (синьо-зелений), Fe₂O₃ (0,5–2 мас.%) λ=575–585 нм (жовтий), K₂Cr₂O₇ (0,5–2,0 мас.%) λ=570–576 нм (жовто-зелений), CoO (0,5–1,0 мас.%) λ=441–463 нм (синьо-фіолетовий), NiO (0,5–1,0 мас.%) λскла=559′–571′ нм, λпокриттів=598–629 нм (коричневий). Доказано, що за ступенем інтенсивності забарвлення стекол та покриттів на їх основі барвники розташовуються в наступній послідовності: CoO > NiO > CuO > K₂Cr₂O₇ > Fe₂O₃; - вперше встановлений механізм глушіння прозорого матричного емалевого скла в системі R₂O–ВаО–ZnO–TiO₂–Al₂O₃–В₂О₃–TiO₂–SiO₂ при введені МоО3, в результаті якого виникає явище опалесценції, а саме: за рахунок дифракції при розповсюдженні хвиль в мікронеоднорідному середовищі, в якому розмір часток молібден(VI) оксиду (0,05–0,15 мкм) менше довжини хвиль білого світла; - вперше встановлена залежність коефіцієнта дифузного відбиття емалевих покриттів від хімічного складу емалевих фрит, яка отримана обробкою експериментальної вибірки 471 складу покривних емалевих фрит методом множинного кореляційного аналізу і представлена у вигляді математичної моделі, що дозволяє розрахувати хімічний склад покривних емалей із заданим КДВ; коефіцієнт кореляції між експериментальними і розрахунковими значеннями – 0,98; - використовуючи ідею про введенні в будь-який матеріал (скло, пігмент, ситал, метал) певних компонентів в незначній кількості для модифікації його властивостей, вперше виявлено наступне: «малий додаток» Fe₂O₃ у кількості 0,25 мас.% в складі безплюмбатних емалевих стекол на основі базової системи Na₂O–BaO–B₂O₃–SiO₂ і 1 мас.% в складі безфлуористих склоемалей на основі базової системи Na₂O–B₂O₃–SiO₂ активізує процеси лікваційного розшарування скла, що дозволяє збільшити в 1,5–2,5 рази інтенсивність глушіння покриттів, а також покращити оптико-колірні характеристики пігментнозабарвлених склопокриттів, зокрема, червоного кольору. «Малий додаток» ZrO₂ у кількості до 1 мас.% в складі малофлуористої титанової емалі сприяє активному виділенню анатазу в покритті під час випалу та покращенню його оптичних характеристик; - за допомогою розробленої спеціальної комп’ютерної програми COLOUR GLASS, яка автоматично розраховує координати кольорності x y, колірний тон λ, чистоту кольору Р та наносить колірні характеристики матеріалів на графік МКО, вперше доказано, що за картиною розташування точок кольору, по-перше, можна робити прогнози відносно рівноваги, яка утворюється між іонними забарвлюючими комплексами під час варки скла, по-друге, про колористичні можливості суміши пігментів - вперше в області технологій, які потребують підвищених температур, встановлені залежності координат кольору емалевих покриттів від складу суміші пігментів у вигляді поліноміальних математичних моделей, що дозволило вирішити складну матеріалознавчу колористичну проблему знаходження співвідношення пігментів для відтворення кольору зразка із заданими колірними характеристиками. Практичне значення отриманих результатів: - розроблено склади емалевих стекол для кольорових металів, які не містять Плюмбуму – одного із самих шкідливих для навколишнього середовища елемента, запропоновано основи технології одержання виробів з їх використанням. Нові емалі широкої палітри кольорів, різного ступеню прозорості створено на основі матричної прозорої емалі. Вони характеризуються однаковим інтервалом випалу 780–820 °С, у зв’язку з чим спрощується технологія отримання художніх і ювелірних виробів. Емалі пройшли випробування та рекомендовані до впровадження у виробництво з виготовлення художніх виробів в майстерні, що знаходиться в структурі Музею українського живопису (м. Дніпро), а також на підприємстві з виготовлення ювелірних виробів, компанія "Diadema", м. Вінниця. Палітра емалевих покриттів та вироби з них представлені під час доповіді на 24 Міжнародному Конгресі емальєрів в м. Чикаго у 2018 р. Згідно міжнародного договору між ДВНЗ УДХТУ та компанією "Richemont International SA Varinor SA" м. Делемонт, Щвейцарія, виготовлено і передано замовнику емалеві стекла у вигляді порошку і емальовані мідні зразки; - створено каталог зразків кольорів, в якому представлено склооснови, кількість барвників, глушників, відновників та оптико-колірні характеристики емалевих покриттів, що не містять Плюмбум. Назву кольорів встановлювали у відповідності із назвою кольорів системи RAL. Палітра розроблених емалей ювелірного та художнього призначення включає 54 кольори: жовто-червоні, синьо-зелені, оливково-гірчичні, пастельні та коричнево-чорні; - розроблено склади малофлуористих білих і світлозабарвлених титанових емалей, безфлуористої склооснови для отримання яскравозабарвлених емалевих покриттів пігментним способом, які випробувані в виробничих умовах ТОВ «Новомосковський посуд» і рекомендовані до серійного впровадження на заводах з випуску емальованих виробів господарчо-побутового призначення. Технологічні особливості виробництва запропонованих емалей дозволяють здійснювати високотемпературні операції варки емалей на 100 °С, а випалу покриттів – на 30–50 °С нижче відомих, що в епоху тотальної економії топливно-енергетичних ресурсів дуже актуально. Малофлуористі світлозабарвлені кремова і сіро-блакитна емалі впроваджені на ТОВ "Новомосковський посуд"; - вперше для технології емалевих покриттів на сталі розроблено метод колірного моделювання, завдяки якому побудовано колірний трикутник-номограму для виробничої склооснови і пігментів жовтого, червоного, синього, за допомогою якого задається необхідний колір і розраховується необхідне співвідношення пігментів. Метод колірного моделювання є універсальним і може бути застосованим до широкого асортименту силікатних матеріалів: глазуровані покриття на керамічній основі, кольорові будівельні матеріали та інші. У вступі обґрунтовано актуальність теми дисертації, сформульовано головну мету та завдання роботи, представлено наукову новизну та практичну цінність одержаних результатів. В першому розділі наведено аналіз патентної та науково-технічної літератури, що стосується отримання екологічно безпечних емалей широкої колірної гами, сучасного стану виробництва кольорових емалей та контролю їх колірних показників, механізмів забарвлення скла та емалей і факторів, що впливають на формування кольору. У другому розділі надано основні поняття та визначення, які використовуються в роботі, а також методики дослідження фізико-хімічних властивостей і структури стекол, покриттів та їх колірні характеристики. В третьому розділі представлено дослідження з розробки екологічно безпечних емалей для міді та прогнозування їх колірних характеристик. В четвертому розділі представлено результати досліджень з розробки легкоплавкої титанової емалі, яка відповідала б вимогам діючих стандартів та випалювалась в ресурсо- та енергозберігаючих умовах виробництва та була максимально екологічно безпечною для навколишнього середовища. П'ятий розділ присвячений дослідженням з розробки складів емалевих фрит, що не вміщують Флуор, які використовуються для отримання яскравозабарвлених емалевих покриттів для виробів господарчо-побутового призначення. В шостому розділі представлені результати розробки методу колірного моделювання. Відтворити, а тим більше спрогнозувати колір із заданими колірними характеристиками – надзвичайно складна багатопланова матеріалознавча проблема, навіть якщо відома рецептура скла і покриття, режими їх варки та випалу. В сьомому розділі надано результати промислової апробації, реалізації та впровадження отриманих матеріалів.
Thesis for a Doctor of Science Degree in Specialty 05.17.11 – Refractory Non-Metallic Materials Technology, State Higher Educational Institution "Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology", National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Kharkiv, 2019. The dissertation is devoted to creation of physicochemical bases of technology of ecologically safe protective and decorative glass-enamel coatings of wide color scale on steel and non-ferrous metals, development of principles of regulation and prediction of their color. As a result of the research on the topic of dissertation the following scientific results were obtained: - scientifically substantiated and experimentally proved that the production of lead-free enamel coatings on non-ferrous metals is possible on the basis of the Na₂O – BaO – B₂O₃ – SiO₂ glasses, by the complex of defined properties and the ability to form the highest quality coatings on a copper basis the selected region of the base system, mol %: Na₂O – 24,2–40,5; BaO – 5.0–10.0; B₂O₃ – 15.2–30.5; SiO₂ – 24,0–53,5, which in comparison with the limits of these components in known compositions of lead-free enamels, is characterized by a 2-fold increase in the content of B2O3 and a relatively small content of SiO₂; - the basic tendencies of color change of glasses of Na₂O–BaO–B₂O₃–SiO₂ system has been established, which differ significantly in chemical composition and has colored by ionic dyes, taking into account the structural features of glasses and their acid-basic properties. They has been evaluated by two calculated structural parameters: fSi is the degree of connectivity of the silica framework and Ψв is an indicative index of the coordination state of Boron in the structure of the glass. It had proved that there is a significant correlation between the colors λ and Ψv had proved for glasses colored CuO r * = - 0,83 and CoO r * = - 0,87 and weak – for glasses colored K₂Cr₂O₇, -r * = 0,5; - the patterns of coloring of one glass matrix and enamel coatings on its basis in the system R₂O–BaO–ZnO–Al₂O₃–B₂O₃–TiO₂–SiO₂ by a series of ionic dyes has been founded. Regardless of the content of the dyes, they give the same color tone to the glass and coatings based on these glasses, namely: CuO (1.0–3.0 wt%) λ = 489–494 nm (blue-green), Fe₂O₃ (0.5–2 wt%) λ = 575–585 nm (yellow), K₂Cr₂O₇ (0,5–2.0 wt%) λ = 570–576 nm (yellow-green), CoO (0.5–1.0 wt%) λ = 441–463 nm (blue-violet), NiO (0, 5-1.0 wt.%) λ glass = 559′ – 571 nm, λ coatings = 598–629 nm (brown). It has been proved that in the degree of color intensity of glasses and coatings based on them, the dyes has been arranged in the following sequence: CoO> NiO> CuO> K₂Cr₂O₇ > Fe₂O₃; - for the first time, the mechanism of silencing of transparent matrix enamel glass in R₂O–BaO–ZnO–TiO₂–Al₂O₃–B₂O₃–TiO₂–SiO₂ system with the introduction of MoO₃ has been established, which results in the phenomenon of opalescence, namely: due to diffraction at propagation of waves in micro inhomogeneous medium in which the particle size of molybdenum (VI) oxide is 0.05-0.15 μm less than the wavelength of white light; - for the first time, the dependence of the diffuse reflection coefficient (CDR) of enamel coatings on the chemical composition of enamel frits, obtained by processing the experimental sample 471 of the enamel frit composition by multiple correlation analysis, which is presented in the form of a mathematical model that allows you to calculate the chemical composition of the enamel coatings with a given CDR; the correlation coefficient between experimental and calculated values is 0.98; - using the idea of introducing into any material (glass, pigment, sitall, metal) certain components in a small amount to modify its properties, the following has been first discovered: "small addition" of Fe₂O₃ in the amount of 0.25 wt.% in the composition of lead-free enamel glasses based on the base system Na₂O–BaO–B₂O₃–SiO₂ and 1 wt.% in the composition of fluorless glass enamels based on the basic system Na₂O–B₂O₃–SiO₂ activates the processes of differentiation of the segregation-dropping structure of glass, which allows to increase the intensity of opaque coatings by 1.5–2.5 times, as well as to improve the optical-color characteristics of pigment-colored glass coatings, in particular, red. "Small addition" of ZrO₂ in the amount up to 1 wt.% in the composition of low-fluoride titanium enamel promotes the active release of anatase in the coating during firing and improving its optical characteristics; -with the help of a dedicated COLOR GLASS computer program that automatically calculates color coordinates x y, color tone λ, color purity P, and maps the color characteristics of materials to the СIE graph, it has been first demonstrated that the picture of the location of the color points, first, you can make predictions about the equilibrium that is formed between the ionic coloring complexes during the melting of glass, and secondly, about the color potential of the pigment mixture. - for the first time in the field of technologies requiring high temperatures, the dependences of the color coordinates of the enamel coatings on the composition of the pigment mixture in the form of polynomial mathematical models has been established, which made it possible to solve the complex material-coloristic problem of finding the ratio of pigments to reproduce the color of the sample with the specified color characteristics. The practical significance of the obtained results: - the compositions of enamel glasses for non-ferrous metals, which do not contain Plumbum - one of the most harmful for the environment element, had been developed; the basics of technology of obtaining products with their use had offered. New enamels of a wide range of colors with varying degrees of transparency had been created on the basis of matrix transparent enamel and they had characterized by the same firing interval of 780-820 °C, which makes the technology of obtaining artistic and jewelry easier. Enamels had been tested and recommended for implementation in the production of artistic products in the workshop, which locates in the structure of the Museum of Ukrainian Painting (Dnipro), as well as at the jewelry company, Diadema, Vinnytsia. The enamel coatings palette and their products had presented during a report at the 24th International Congress of Enamels in Chicago in 2018. According to an international agreement between the Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology (Dnipro) and Richemont International SA Varinor SA, Delmont, Switzerland, enamel glass powder and enameled copper samples had been made and handed over to the customer; - a catalog of color samples, which presents the glass base, the number of dyes, opacifiers, reducing agents and the optic-color characteristics of enamel coatings which do not contain Plumbum, has been created. The color name was set in accordance with the color name of the RAL system. The palette of designed enamels of jewelry and artistic purpose includes transparent matrix enamel and 53 colors: yellow-red, blue-green, olive-mustard, pastel and brown-black; - a series of compositions of white and light-colored titanium enamels containing reduced amount of Fluorine, has been developed, also the composition of fluorless frites to obtain brightly colored enamel coatings pigmented way of color, which were fused and passed extensive testing in production conditions factories for the production of enameled household products, has been synthesized. Technological features of production of the enamels offered permits to carry out high-temperature operations of melting at 100oC below the known ones, and firing of coatings – by 30-50 °C, which is very relevant in the era of total saving of fuel and energy resources. Low-fluoride light-colored cream and gray-blue enamels has been introduced at "Novomoskovsk dishes"; - for the first time for the technology of enamel coatings on steel, a method of color modeling has been developed, through which a color triangle-nomogram has been constructed for the production glass base and pigments of yellow, red, blue, by which the required color is specified and the necessary ratio of pigments is calculated. The color modeling method is versatile and can be applied to a wide range of silicate materials: glazed ceramic coatings, colored building materials, and more. The introduction substantiates the relevance of the dissertation topic, formulates the main purpose and objectives of the work, presents the scientific novelty and practical value of the obtained results. The first section provides an analysis of the patent and scientific and technical literature concerning the production of environmentally safe enamels of a wide color range, the current state of production of colored enamels and the control of their color indices, the mechanisms of color of glass and enamels and factors affecting color formation. The second section provides the basic concepts and definitions used in the work, as well as methods for investigating the physicochemical properties and structure of glasses and coatings and their color characteristics. The third section presents studies on the development of environmentally safe enamels for copper and the prediction of their color characteristics. The fourth section presents the results of research on the development of fusible titanium enamel which would meet the requirements of current standards and be burned in resource- and energy-efficient production conditions and be the most environmentally safe for the environment. The fifth section is devoted to the research on the development of enamel frits that do not contain Fluorine and used to produce brightly colored enamel coatings for household products. The sixth section presents the results of the development the color modeling method. Reproduce, and even more so predict, color with predetermined color characteristics is an extremely complex multifaceted material science problem, even if glass and coating formulations, modes of melting and firing are known. In the seventh section the results of industrial testing, realization and implementation of the received materials has been presented.

Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня доктора технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.17.11 – технологія тугоплавких неметалічних матеріалів, Державний вищий навчальний заклад "Український державний хіміко-технологічний університет", Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут". Дисертацію присвячено науковим основам технології екологічно безпечних склоемалевих покриттів широкої колірної гами для сталі і кольорових металів, розробці принципів регулювання та прогнозування їх кольору. Розроблена спеціальна комп’ютерна програма COLOUR GLASS, яка за визначеними координатами кольору XYZ автоматично розташовує точки кольору на графіку МКО. Отримані емалі ювелірного та художнього призначення на основі стекол системи Na₂O–BaO–B₂O₃–SiO₂. Розроблені малофлуористі білі і світлозабарвлені титанові емалі, безфлуориста основа для пігментного способу забарвлення. Створено метод колірного моделювання, за допомогою якого можна розрахувати співвідношення пігментів для відтворення кольору зразка за заданими колірними характеристиками.
Thesis for a Doctor of Science Degree in Specialty 05.17.11 Refractory Non-Metallic Materials Technology, State Higher Educational Institution "Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology", National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute". The dissertation is devoted to development of scientific bases of technology of ecologically safe protective and decorative glass-enamel coatings of wide color scale on steel and non-ferrous metals, making of principles of regulation and prediction of their color. The introduction substantiates the relevance of the dissertation topic, formulates the main purpose and objectives of the work. The first section provides an analysis of the patent and scientific and technical literature. The second section provides the basic concepts and definitions used in the work, methods for investigating the physicochemical properties and structure of glasses and coatings and their color characteristics. The third section presents studies on the development of environmentally safe enamels for copper and the prediction of their color characteristics. The fourth section presents the results of studies on the development of small fluoride titanium enamel with a firing temperature of 830 °C. The fifth section had devoted to scientific bases of technology of fluorless enamel frits for pigment method of coloring. The sixth section has devoted to the development of the color modeling method for reproducing the color of a sample with specified color characteristics. In the seventh section the results of industrial testing, implementation and implementation of the received materials has presented. As a result of the research on the topic of dissertation the following scientific results has obtained: - scientifically substantiated and experimentally proved that the production of lead-free enamel coatings on non-ferrous metals is possible on the basis of the Na₂O–BaO–B₂O₃–SiO₂ glasses, the regions of glass formation has been determined, and the regularities of changes in the properties of glasses depending on their chemical composition has been established; - the main tendencies of change of glasses color tone has established in the Na₂O–BaO–B₂O₃–SiO₂ system, which has colored by ionic dyes given the structural features of the glasses and their acid-base properties; - it has been proved that the degree of color intensity of glasses in the system R₂O –BaO – ZnO – Al₂O₃ – B₂O₃ – TiO₂ – SiO₂ and coatings based on them has been arranged in the following sequence: CoO> NiO> CuO> K₂Cr₂O₇> Fe₂O₃; - for the first time the mechanism of opacifying of transparent matrix enamel glass in the R₂O – BaO – ZnO – TiO₂ – Al₂O₃ – B₂O₃ – TiO₂ – SiO₂ system was introduced when MoO₃ has been established, namely: due to diffraction, which results in the phenomenon of opalescence; - for the first time the dependence of the diffuse reflection coefficient of enamel coatings on the chemical composition of enamel frits has been established, which is presented in the form of a mathematical model; the correlation coefficient between experimental and calculated values is 0.98; - for the first time the mechanism of opacifying of transparent matrix enamel glass in the R₂O – BaO – ZnO – TiO₂ – Al₂O₃ – B₂O₃ – TiO₂ – SiO₂ system was introduced when MoO3 has been established, namely: due to diffraction, which results in the phenomenon of opalescence; - for the first time it has been discovered that Fe₂O₃ "small additive" in the amount of 0.25 wt.% in the composition of lead-free enamel glasses on the basis of the Na₂O – BaO – B₂O₃ – SiO₂ base system and 1 wt. Fe₂O₃ in the composition of fluor-free enamel glasses on the basis of the Na₂O – B₂O₃ – SiO₂ base system activates the processes of glass removal stratification, which allows to increase 1.5-2.5 times the intensity of coating damping; - with the help of a special computer program COLOR GLASS, which automatically calculates the coordinates of the color x, y, the color tone λ, the purity of the color P and applies the color characteristics of the materials to the CIE graph, it has been proved for the first time that the chart of the location of color points can make forecasts about the equilibrium, which formed between ionic coloring complexes during glass melting; - for the first time in the field of technologies requiring high temperatures, the dependences of the color coordinates of enamel coatings on the composition of the pigment mixture in the form of polynomial mathematical models has been established, which allowed to solve the complex material-coloristic problem of finding the ratio of pigments to reproduce the color of the sample with the specified color characteristics. The practical significance of the obtained results: - the compositions of enamel art and jewelry glasses for non-ferrous metals, which do not contain Plumbum, has been developed. They are characterized by the same firing interval of 780-820 °C. A catalog of color samples has created. The palette includes fondon and 53 colors: yellow-red, blue-green, olive-mustard, pastel and brown-black; - a series of compositions of white and light-colored titanium enamels containing reduced amount of Fluorine (up to 2.5 wt.%), has been developed, also the composition of fluorless frites to obtain brightly colored enamel coatings pigmented way of color. Temperature operations of the enamel melting is 100 °C and firing of coatings is 30-50oC below the known ones.

Les développements de deux spéctromètres de saturation à ultra-haute résolution dans le domaine infrarouge, l'un dans la région spectrale 9-12 mu m et l'autre accordable de 2,3 a 3,2 mu m sont exposés en detail. La stabilisation en fréquence d'un laser à CO(2) conventionnel ou guide d'ondes au niveau de la dizaine de hertz ainsi que l'obtention d'une stabilité meilleure que 1 khz pour le laser à centres colores soulignent le role cle de ces oscillateurs dans la chaine de raccordement de fréquence de l'horloge à cesium vers le domaine visible. L'étude des interactions hyperfines est presentée dans le cas des molécules diatomiques héteronucleaires (hf) et des toupies spheriques du groupe ponctuel O(h) (sf(6)). Grace a l'enregistrement de structures hyperfines tres bien resolues, de nombreux effets ont etes mis en evidence et interpretes à l'aide du formalisme tensoriel (dans le groupe (l)o(3) x O(h)) en particulier : l'interaction de spin-vibration (bande upsilon (3) de sf(6)), les mélanges d'états de types de symétrie differents (sf(6)), les corrections ro-vibrationnelles à l'interaction de spin-rotation (hf et sf(6)), les structures superhyperfines (sf(6))

碩士
南台科技大學
電機工程系
93
Nowadays, there are some situations in the market. For example, FPDs （Flat Panel Displays） has become the trunk stream of the electrical and electronic industry markets. If TFL-LCDs and PDPs can be produced as many as possible with high efficiency, the high price will become the common price. So we can image that FPDs must become the trunk stream in the market of the electrical and electronic industry. But now, most substrates of FPDs are made of glass, so when the size of displays is bigger; the weight will become heavier, then it will burst easily. Now, we had better make the substrates of display by using the flexible materials to replace the glass, then we can reduce the cost. When it comes to the substrate whose material us flexible, now, OEDs （Organic Electroemissive Devices）is the most potential. And compared with other developed displays, organic light-emitting display has some advantages, such as high power efficiency, high brightness, fast response time, and full viewing angle. Besides, it is light, thin and having a big size of dimension. In addition, it can be flexible. Because of these advantages, organic light-emitting displays will replace those FPDs, and become more popular tendency. Since organic light-emitting devices have been developed, the substrate of organic light-emitting devices, which is made of glass is with some emissive light, including green, blue and red. The radiating efficiency of green light is the best; the other ones are minor. Besides, we can make full color organic light-emitting displays, but we can’t do anything because of the restriction of the glass. Nevertheless, we have a project to make the substrate, which is made of flexible materials. By using the radiating way of Host-Guest system, various concentrations quenching result from different guest concentration, we do the studying of parameters, And then we are able to make the fluorescent red light with better efficiency of the primary colors, RGB, and analyze the completing brightness, operating voltage, operating electric current, and outer quantum. Now, our team is able to make the green light of organic light-emitting devices whose material could be flexible. In addition, we are doing some study about the blue light. Now, in order to achieve the goal that is about the flexible organic light-emitting displays, the red light of flexible organic light-emitting device is the important point that we should develop.

博士
國立成功大學
微電子工程研究所碩博士班
99
This dissertation presents various organic light-emitting diode (OLED) structures with high efficiency and high color purity, including those with bottom-emission white light, top-emission green light, and top-emission white light. In the design of a white light device, TBADN is used as the blue host and rubrene is used as the yellow dopant. Alq3 is used as the green host, doped with C545T fluorescent material, to obtain a high-performance green light device. The carriers do not recombine effectively in the emission layer because the HOMO energy level of the blue host (TBADN) is almost the same as that of the electron transporting layer (Alq3). The emission layer is divided into two layers by another thin Alq3 layer, and a hole-blocking layer (BCP) is inserted between the emission layer and the electron transporting layer. The current efficiency of white light device was thus improved from 4.26 cd/A to 5.44 cd/A. However, the yellow emission of the device is enhanced by the small energy barrier of LUMO between BCP and rubrene, affecting the color purity of the white light device. The emission layer is divided into a doped layer and an undoped layer, and the experimental results reveal that the color purity of white light is significantly improved. The TBADN and rubrene are also used for top-emission white-OLEDs with the device structure Ag(200 nm)/NPB(40 nm)/TBADN(13 nm)/TBADN: (0.5%)rubrene (9 nm)/TBADN(11 nm)/Alq3(1 nm)/BCP(3 nm)/TBADN(30 nm) /BCP(5 nm)/Alq3(4 nm)/LiF(1 nm)Ag(20 nm)/NPB(40 nm). Since TBADN has low efficiency and the Ag film has low transparency to blue emission, three blue-emitting layers of different thickness and a hole-blocking layer are applied to enhance the blue emission in this work. The CIE coordinate of the device at 5 V indicates that it has high color purity. To fabricate a top-emission device, Ag was used as the anode and two methods of oxidation were utilized to treat the Ag surface. They were the UV-ozone method and PECVD. The work function of Ag increases with the period of exposure in UV-ozone treatment. However, such treatment also increases the sheet resistance and degrades the surface reflectance. The optimal exposure time was around 3 minutes in the experiment performed in this study. However, the performance of an OLED device that has undergone PECVD treatment is determined by the operating power and the oxidation time. The optimal conditions were 2 W for 6 minutes in the experiment herein. In the fabrication a top-emission OLED, C545T, which has high quantum efficiency, was doped into an Alq3 host and a 2nm-thick hole-blocking layer (BCP) was used deposited on the host. The LUMO of BCP is close to that of C545T and hence increasing the C545T emission and device efficiency. The current efficiency of the green-OLED is improved from 5.19 cd/A to 19.43 cd/A under a 1% doping concentration. The current efficiency of a top-emission white-OLED is improved from 0.56 cd/A to 1.08 cd/A using Ag-anode oxidation. The CIE coordinate of the device at 5 V is (0.35, 0.33), indicating the good color purity of the white-OLED.

碩士
國立中興大學
材料科學與工程學系
96
The main objective of this thesis is to study on how to improve the color-purity of LEDs, design and develop the optical filter to apply on RGB LEDs. Using measuring equipments to measure the spectrum and check the effects of improving the color-purity of LEDs. And estimating the effects on color gamut after improving the color-purity of LEDs by check the space on the CIE chromaticity coordinates. The standard color of space that had been approved by the National Television System Committee (NTSC) is used as the reference and defined as 100%. About the FWHM (Full Width Half Maximum) of Green light is too wide and there is mixed-zone between blue and green light in the RGB LEDs spectrum, we design green light narrow band-pass filter, mixed-zone band-stop filter and RGB narrow band-pass filter by optical design software. And we use the materials of TiO2 and SiO2 to make the filter film by thin film evaporation equipment. From the experiment, we have found the results as following: 1. The RGB-narrow-band-pass-filter is the best one for improving the LED color purity, and the 0.4mm-glass is the best substrate. 2. The FWHM of red, green and blue light were decreasing under 17nm in axial light measurement after RGB-narrow-band-pass-filter apply on LEDs, and the range of color gamut was increasing from 118.41% to 132.56% according to NTSC standard. 3. The limitation of this study is that the filters in our experiments can not be effective for lateral light because of the light leaking from cross-section of LED chip and the different incident angle of light.

碩士
明志科技大學
材料工程系碩士班
106
The research is based on the resonant cavity of an optical thin film process, the simple Ag/ITO/Ag cavity structure is applied to the OPV (Organic Photovoltaic) electrode so that the OPV retains the original PCE (>8%) and has good clear color transmittance (>15%), both green energy, and humanistic aesthetics. The solar light simulator is used as the light source of the photodiodes, and the self-made filter is used to detect the characteristics in the different wavelength. The filter uses a combination of an ITO-Ag multilayer thin film resonant cavity and resonance penetrating One-dimensional photonic crystal to limit the penetration peak at a half-height width of 10 nm. Apply the high-purity color of this resonant cavity combination filter to achieve accurate color discrimination of the photodiodes. In the detection of the linearity of the light intensity of the photodiodes, the self-made filter, the attenuate filter and the detection system are used to detect the short-circuit current change of the photodiodes when the light intensity changes, and the experimental rationality is theoretically calculated. Finally, compared with the experimental data in the standard measurement environment, it can be found that the self-made detection system and theoretical prediction have the same trend as the detection data in the standard environment.

碩士
國立中山大學
光電工程研究所
96
We have fabricated a high brightness and color purity white light organic light emitting diode based on a multi-emission-layer. There were several methods to achieve white light OLEDs, including multi-emission- layer device, single emission layer device, and so on. We use RGB triple -emission-layer device to obtain white light, because its EL spectrum is broader than that of the dual-emission-layer device. Frequent problems that showed be faced in a multi-layer structure are the complicate device structure and the color various with different operation voltage. Our work includes five parts. First, we optimized the red light device by controlling the concentration of DCJTB with the configuration of ITO/NPB/Alq3: DCJTB/Alq3/LiF/Al. Second, we optimized the blue light device by controlling the concentration of TC-1753 based on a device structure of ITO/ NPB/ TC-1558: TC-1753/ Alq3/ LiF/ Al. Third, we fabricated green light device by using TPB3 as an emission layer with the configuration of ITO/NPB/TPB3/Alq3/LiF/Al. Then we optimized the dual-emission-layer white light OLED by adjusting the thickness of blue and red emission layers. Finally, we added a green emission layer into the dual emission layer device with the device structure of ITO(1300Å)/NPB(500Å)/ TPB3(500-2xÅ)/ TC-1558(xÅ): TC-1753(2%)/ Alq3(xÅ): DCJTB(2%)/ Alq3(350Å)/ LiF(8Å)/Al(2000Å). By controlling the thickness of each emission layer, a stable white OLED was achieved. The thickness of emission layer were TPB3(200Å)/ TC-1558(150Å):TC-1753(2%)/ Alq3(150Å):DCJTB(2%). The maximum luminance reached 48200 cd/m2 at 13.5V, the maximum current efficiency and power efficiency were 4.06 cd/A at 13V and 1.9 lm/W at 20mA/cm2, respectively. The CIE coordinate varied from (0.339, 0.317) to (0.339, 0.327) with an applied voltage from 9V to 13.5V. We have overcome the problem of instable color purity which was the critical disadvantage of multi-emission-layer white light OLEDs. Our study performed a high brightness and color purity white light device.

碩士
國立中山大學
光電工程研究所
96
Organic light-emitting Diode (OLED) emits light itself. It owns many advantages of optical-electronic characteristics as compared with Thin Films Transistor-Liquid Crystal Display (TFT-LCD). In order to achieve the requirement for full color flat panel display, the three primary colors which are red, green, blue (R,G,B) with high luminance、high current efficiency、and high color purity are important study of research and development for OLED. In our experiment, the major materials are NPB、DPVBi、Alq3、LiF、PBD、DCJTB；The materials of NPB、DPVBi、Alq3,LiF is used as hole transporting layer、blue emission layer、electron transporting layer, and electron injection layer, respectively. PBD is hole-blocking layer and DCJTB is red emission layer which is intended to indirectly demonstrate the hole-blocking effect in the interface between NPB and DPVBi layer. The blue light emission with short wavelength plays an important role in color conversion method (CCM) of full color technology. In the study, we improve and research on color purity of blue OLED by various thicknesses of organic layer. In addition, we research the influence of the device with different thicknesses of PBD layer as hole-blocking layer. In order to improve the color mixing phenomenon, we add extra DPVBi layer to the device with PBD layer. It can improve the blue color purity and obtain narrower full width at half maximum (FWHM).

碩士
國立臺南大學
視覺藝術與設計學系碩士班
107
In Buddhism, there are two practices of asceticism: inner-worldly asceticism and worldly asceticism. The first refers to the transcendence of oneself by keeping away from the mundane world. Those who practice inner-worldly asceticism wish to seek inner peace and cultivate inner wisdom through leaving behind the trivialities of life. On the other hand, worldly asceticism means the cultivation of self in the mundane world. In the reality of life, it is inevitable that people compare themselves with others or become obsessed with pursuits and desires. Mentally the pursuit of desires perseveres, and physically the human body decays with time. When confronted with topics such as aging, sickness, death, etc., one oftentimes finds him or herself torn apart between his or her physical self and desires. Hence, those who practice worldly asceticism might be disturbed by various kinds of imperfection in life. Via the practice of inner-worldly asceticism, one can suppress his or her desire of material pursuits and cultivate the spirits, thus achieving inner peace -- a pure mindset free of bewilderment, angst, and fear. The writer, as time passes, has gained a contemplative understanding of inner-worldly and worldly asceticism, shifting from worldly to inner-worldly and again to worldly asceticism. By illustrating the mercy, kindness, and innocent beauty of life in her paintings, the writer hopes to interact with the viewers and help them calm and purify the spirits. In other words, the notion of inner-worldly and worldly asceticism is being practiced in the writer’s paintings of bodhisattvas and life. This thesis is composed of five chapters. The first chapter “Introduction” discusses the motivation and purpose of research through the explanation of research methodology and structure, and at the same time defines the scope and terminology of this research. The second chapter “Purity, Calmness, and Profoundness and discussion on the theory of ordinary thinking” is supported by three sections including 1)The meaning of ordinary and unrestrained, 2) Lessons from Life, and 3) Artistic Works Related to Life Lessons. Last but not least, the third chapter “Artist Statements and Practices,” the fourth chapter “Interpretation and Analysis of Works,” and the fifth chapter “Conclusion” present the artistic arguments in a more systematic and conclusive way.

碩士
國立高雄大學
應用物理學系碩士班
99
Organic light-emitting Diode (OLED) emits light itself. It owns many advantages of optical-electronic characteristics as compared with thin films transistor-liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD). In order to achieve the requirement for full color flat panel display, the three primary colors which are red, green, blue (R, G, B) with high luminance, high current efficiency and high color purity are important study of research and development for OLED.In our experiment, the major materials are NPB, CBP, DPVBi, Alq3, LiF and (CH3COOH)2Zn. The materials of NPB and CBP are used as hole transporting layer. DPVBi is blue emission layer. Alq3 is electron transporting layer. LiF and (CH3COOH)2Zn, are used as electron injection layer.The blue light emission with short wavelength plays an important role in color conversion method (CCM) of full color technology. In the study, we improve and research on color purity of blue OLED by various thicknesses of organic layer. In addition, we research the influence of the different thickness of double-CBP layers as hole-transporting layers. In order to improve the current density and luminance, we add extra acetate layer to the device. It can improve the blue color purity, current density and luminance.

碩士
國立高雄應用科技大學
電子工程系
98
A high cnm)/MADN:Alq3:DCJTB:C6 (30 nm, 80 %, 1.5 %, 0.05 %)/Bphen (60 nm)/LiF (2nm)/Al (200 nm) was successfully fabricated by vapor deposition color-stability and purity of red OLED with a structure of ITO/NPB (40 from solvent premixed deposition source. By means of doping with C6 green guest, energy was effectively transferred from MADN to DCJTB; this was due to the emission spectrum of MADN and the absorption spectrum of DCJTB were overlapped completely. However, doping with Alq3 will generate polarization effect with DCJTB, and lead to red shift in EL spectrum; hence the color purity of red device could be obtained. LiF was used as electron injection layer, in which the injection of carriers was enhanced by the tunneling effect. As introducing higher electron mobility material of Bphen as electron transporting layer, electron injection from cathode to the emission layer (EML) would be increased, resulting in an enhanced recombination ratio in the EML. Furthermore, Bphen also has an excellent ability of hole blocking, thus, more holes would be obstructed in the EML near the MADN/Bphen interface. In this work, we utilized solvent premixed deposition source to prepare OLEDs, dyes could be uniformly dispersed with host material in the emission layer. Therefore, the variation of CIE coordinates would not be induced by the applied voltage.

碩士
明志科技大學
材料工程系碩士班
106
The color gamut of the display is limited by the combination of high purity light sources. To produce the full gamut of vision color, it is needed for the visible light range of single-frequency light or high-purity light source tuning into each other. In this study, with a one-dimensional photonic crystal structure, we employed the total reflection and resonance transmission to design and produce the high purity color filters. And using the incident angle changes of light, we achieved in a variety of colors of high purity penetrating light, which chromaticity coordinates can cover the most peripheral coordinates of the entire color gamut. The high-purity color filters were composed of the cut-off filters (long wavelength or short wavelength pass) and dual-resonant-cavity narrow bandpass filters with one-dimensional photonic crystal structures. One-dimensional photonic crystal filters were produced by the rotational sequential sputtering method, the film compositions were Nb-doped TiO2 of a high refractive index and SiOx of a low refractive index. The coloring method of full-color gamut with high-purity color filters is simple. The environmentally friendly process of rotational sequential sputtering with high sputtering rate is very suitable for the future practical application.

Dissertação de mestrado em Bioquímica Aplicada
Cancer is one of the major problems in today's society and it is responsible for 1 in 8 deaths that occur worldwide. The numbers of diagnosed cases increase each day. Despite all efforts of academic and medical society to achieve more efficient treatments, the patients lose their life quality during the treatment and many die during the treatment. Since many years these disturbing facts lead to the search for more effective and less aggressive treatments. The uncontrolled proliferation is a feature of cancer cells, which results from mutations in genes associated with cell cycle regulation. Thus, the cell cycle took over a prominent role in the search for new therapeutic targets. The cell cycle is regulated by a family of serine/threonine kinases- CDKs in association with their regulatory subunits- cyclins and their inhibitors. Previous studies have shown that the inhibition of the activity of cyclin-CDK complexes induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of cancer cells (in vitro), and tumor regression (in vivo). These results show that the inhibition of these proteins is a valuable and promising strategy for cancer therapy. Over the past years several inhibitory molecules of CDKs have been discovery and some of them are purine derivatives. Roscovitine is a CDKIs purine derivative that is in late phase II trials against non-small cell lung cancer. In the present work the anticancer properties of several purine derivatives were tested. These properties were tested in three different cell lines: HCT116 p53+/+ (p53 wild-type and mutated Ras), HCT116 p53-/- (p53 null and mutated Ras) e CO115 (p53 wild-type and mutated Raf). Several compounds revealed anticancer activity through the cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction with lower IC50 values than Roscovitine and 5-FU. These compounds also show ability to induce cell cycle arrest suggesting their activity as CDKIs. This work suggests that the anticancer properties of these compounds are p53-independent. In conclusion, in this work were identified a set of new purine derivatives with interesting anticancer properties making them promising for cancer treatment.
O cancro constitui atualmente um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública sendo responsável por uma em oito mortes que ocorrem a nível mundial. O número de novos casos diagnosticados aumenta de ano para ano e apesar de todos os esforços feitos por investigadores e clínicos, muitos dos pacientes acabam por não resistir à doença e aos tratamentos. Estes tristes factos conduzem desde há muito a procura de novos alvos e estratégias terapêuticas. A proliferação descontrolada é uma das característica do cancro sendo em grande parte dos casos associada a mutações em genes que regulam o ciclo celular. Assim, o ciclo celular tornou-se um alvo apelativo por parte dos investigadores com o objectivo de encontrar novos alvos terapêuticos. O ciclo celular é regulado por uma família de cinases de serina/treonina (CDKs), em associação com as suas subunidades reguladoras- (ciclinas) e os seus inibidores. Estudos descritos mostram que a inibição da atividade dos complexos ciclinas-CDKs induzem paragem do ciclo celular e apoptose das células cancerígenas (in vitro) e regressão da massa tumoral (in vivo). Isto mostra que a inibição destas proteínas é uma estratégia válida e promissora. Ao longo dos últimos anos várias moléculas inibidoras de CDKs (CDKIs) foram descritas sendo algumas delas compostos derivados de purina, como por exemplo o Roscovitine. No presente trabalho foram testadas as propriedades anticancerígenas de três grupos/famílias de compostos derivados de purina. Para tal foram utilizadas três linhas celulares: HCT116 p53+/+ (p53 wild-type e Ras activado), HCT116 p53-/- (p53 null e Ras activado) e CO115 (p53 wild-type e Raf activado). Vários compostos revelaram atividade anticancerígena pela inibição da proliferação celular e indução de apoptose nas três linhas celulares. Estes novos derivados de purina revelaram também a capacidade de induzir paragem do ciclo celular nas linhas celulares estudadas o que sugere a possibilidade de atuarem como CDKIs. Este estudo sugere que as propriedades anticancerígenas destes novos compostos são independentes do estado do gene p53. Em conclusão, este trabalho deu a conhecer novos compostos derivados de purina com propriedades anticancerígenas interessantes o que os tornam drogas potencialmente promissoras para o tratamento do cancro.