Статті в журналах: "Colonial Americas"

1

Fredrick, Sharonah. "Mayan and Andean Medicine and Urban Space in the Spanish Americas." Renaissance and Reformation 44, no. 2 (October 5, 2021): 147–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/rr.v44i2.37524.

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Mayan and Andean medicine included empirical perspectives and botanical cures that were transmitted in the urban spaces of colonial Spanish America, spaces themselves built over former Amerindian cities. Mayan and Andean peoples, whose histories included development of both urban and rural aspects of civilization, brought their medical knowledge to the Hispanic cities of the colonial Americas. In these cities, despite the disapproval and persecution of the Inquisition, Native American medicine gradually became part of the dominant culture. As this article will demonstrate, Mayan and Andean medical knowledge was absorbed by the “new cities” that Imperial Spain constructed in the colonial Americas, church disapproval notwithstanding. Cities and urban space became prime conduits for the circulation and incorporation of Native American medical knowledge among the newer Hispanic and mestizo population in the colonial Americas.

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2

Fredrick, Sharonah. "Mayan and Andean Medicine and Urban Space in the Spanish Americas." Renaissance and Reformation 44, no. 2 (October 5, 2021): 147–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/rr.v44i2.37524.

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Mayan and Andean medicine included empirical perspectives and botanical cures that were transmitted in the urban spaces of colonial Spanish America, spaces themselves built over former Amerindian cities. Mayan and Andean peoples, whose histories included development of both urban and rural aspects of civilization, brought their medical knowledge to the Hispanic cities of the colonial Americas. In these cities, despite the disapproval and persecution of the Inquisition, Native American medicine gradually became part of the dominant culture. As this article will demonstrate, Mayan and Andean medical knowledge was absorbed by the “new cities” that Imperial Spain constructed in the colonial Americas, church disapproval notwithstanding. Cities and urban space became prime conduits for the circulation and incorporation of Native American medical knowledge among the newer Hispanic and mestizo population in the colonial Americas.

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3

COATSWORTH, JOHN H. "Inequality, Institutions and Economic Growth in Latin America." Journal of Latin American Studies 40, no. 3 (July 17, 2008): 545–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x08004689.

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AbstractThis essay examines three recent historical approaches to the political economy of Latin America's relative economic backwardness. All three locate the origins of contemporary underdevelopment in defective colonial institutions linked to inequality. The contrasting view offered here affirms the significance of institutional constraints, but argues that they did not arise from colonial inequalities, but from the adaptation of Iberian practices to the American colonies under conditions of imperial weakness. Colonial inequality varied across the Americas; while it was not correlated with colonial economic performance, it mattered because it determined the extent of elite resistance to institutional modernisation after independence. The onset of economic growth in the mid to late nineteenth century brought economic elites to political power, but excluding majorities as inequality increased restrained the region's twentieth-century growth rates and prevented convergence.

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4

Geloso, Vincent. "Predation, Seigneurial Tenure, and Development in French Colonial America." Social Science History 44, no. 4 (2020): 747–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2020.24.

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AbstractThere is substantial debate over the colonial origins of divergence within the Americas. In this debate, the French Empire has been largely ignored even though, until 1760, it included Canada. This article uses recent empirical advances in our knowledge of the colonial Canadian economy to introduce the role of French institutions—most notably the institution of seigneurial tenure—into the debate on the colonial origins of divergence. It argues that the institution of seigneurial tenure in Canada when it was under French rule (up to 1760) had predatory features that help to explain why Canada was the poorest of the North American colonies.

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5

Woolley, Christopher. "Missions and Missionaries in the Americas:A Special Teaching and Research Collection of The Americas." Americas 74, S2 (September 13, 2017): S4—S13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/tam.2017.90.

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For more than 70 years,The Americas, a publication of the Academy of American Franciscan History, has been a leading forum for scholars studying the history of Spanish America's colonial missions. As the articles collected from the journal for this special issue show, the general trend has been to move beyond the hagiographic treatment of missionaries and towards a more complex understanding of the historical roles played by the colonial missions in rural life.

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6

Rebok, Sandra. "A New Approach: Alexander von Humboldt's Perception of Colonial Spanish America as Reflected in his Travel Diaries." Itinerario 31, no. 1 (March 2007): 61–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300000073.

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AbstractThis study presents an in-depth analysis of Alexander von Humboldt's description and criticism of the various colonial societies of Spanish America which he visited during his well-known expedition through the Americas (1799–1804). His criticism of colonialism in general, deeply rooted in his personal convictions, has already been the focal point of several scholarly studies; however, during his American expedition Humboldt offered a more differentiated assessment of specific colonial societies, namely by comparing various regional and local traditions and developments. This differentiated assessment of Spanish American colonial societies has yet to be analysed. This essay focuses on Humboldt's little known personal diaries, which offer a wealth of interesting comments on colonial societies, but which have been scarcely used in international Humboldt research, since they have not yet been translated entirely.

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7

Allen, Robert C., Tommy E. Murphy, and Eric B. Schneider. "The Colonial Origins of the Divergence in the Americas: A Labor Market Approach." Journal of Economic History 72, no. 4 (December 14, 2012): 863–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050712000629.

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This article introduces the Americas in the Great Divergence debate by measuring real wages in various North and South American cities between colonization and independence, and comparing them to Europe and Asia. We find that for much of the period, North America was the most prosperous region of the world, while Latin America was much poorer. We then discuss a series of hypotheses that can explain these results, including migration, the demography of the American Indian populations, and the various labor systems implemented in the continent.

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8

Fitzpatrick, Ian, and Mike Fitzpatrick. "Colonial American Fitzpatrick Settlers Part I: Making Sense of One Line." Journal of the Fitzpatrick Clan Society 1 (2020): 18–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.48151/fitzpatrickclansociety00220.

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Before the turn of the 17th century the settlement of Irish in the Americas lacked permanence. Soon after, Irish came to North America and the Caribbean in a steady flow, and by the mid 18th century a flood of Irish and Scotch-Irish had settled in the Americas. The reasons for that settlement were many and varied, as were the geographic origins and lineages of those Fitzpatricks among the influx. This article provides a review of the forces that pushed and pulled Irish and Scotch-Irish to the Americas. By way of example, a single Fitzpatrick line demonstrates how messy traditional genealogy of early Colonial American Fitzpatricks can get. That messiness is due in no small part to the cut and paste functionality at websites such as ancestry.com. But by careful review of authentic historical records, caution with speculative associations, and the power of Y-DNA analysis, it is possible to untangle the mess and bring back some much-needed clarity. In this article, the example used is that of the well-known colonial-settler William Fitzpatrick (born ca. 1690 AD), of Albemarle County, Virginia, who arrived in North American ca. 1728. Two living ancestors of William have been found to share a common ancestry from ca. 1650 AD — both bear a genetic mutation (FT15113) specific to William's line; this enables the ready identification of male descendants of William.

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9

Clark, Emily. "MOVING FROM PERIPHERY TO CENTRE: THE NON-BRITISH IN COLONIAL NORTH AMERICA." Historical Journal 42, no. 3 (September 1999): 903–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x99008687.

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Life and religion at Louisbourg, 1713–1758. By A. J. B. Johnston. London: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1984, paperback edition, 1996. Pp. xxxii+227. ISBN 0-7735-1525-9. £12.95.The New Orleans Cabildo: Colonial Louisiana's first city government, 1769–1803. By Gilbert C. Din and John E. Harkins. London: Louisiana State University Press, 1996. Pp. xvii+330. ISBN 0-8071-2042-1. £42.75.Revolution, romanticism, and the Afro-Creole protest tradition in Louisiana, 1718–1868. By Caryn Cossé Bell. London: Louisiana State University Press, 1997. Pp. xv+325. ISBN 0-8071-2096-0. £32.95.Hopeful journeys: German immigration, settlement and political culture in colonial America, 1717–1775. By Aaron Spencer Fogleman. Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1996. Pp. xii+257. ISBN 0-8122-1548-6. £15.95.Britannia lost the war of American independence but still reigns over the historiography of colonial North America. This is a problem now that historians of early America have embarked on an attempt to apply an Atlantic world perspective to colonial development. The complex web of human, cultural, economic, and political encounters and exchanges among Europe, Africa, and the Americas spreads well beyond the familiar terrain of Britain and its thirteen mainland colonies. While the histories of Indians and enslaved Africans are beginning to find their way into the historical narrative of early America to challenge the British hegemony, non-British Europeans remain virtually invisible, except as opponents in the imperial wars that punctuated the colonial era. These four books illustrate obstacles that must be overcome to remedy this gap and offer glimpses of the rewards to be gained by drawing the history of continental Europeans previously treated as peripheral into the centre of the major debates currently shaping early American history.

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10

Millones Figueroa, Luis. "In Search of Colonial Americas." Early American Literature 38, no. 1 (2003): 131–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/eal.2003.0013.

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11

Gomez Galisteo, Mª Carmen. "Representing Native American Women in Early Colonial American Writings: Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, Juan Ortiz and John Smith." Sederi, no. 19 (2009): 25–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.34136/sederi.2009.2.

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Most observers of Native Americans during the contact period between Europe and the Americas represented Native American women as monstrous beings posing potential threats to the Europeans’ physical integrity. However, the most well known portrait of Native American women is John Smith’s description of Pocahontas, the Native American princess who, the legend goes, saved Smith from being executed. Transformed into a children’s tale, further popularized by the Disney movie, as well as being the object of innumerable historical studies questioning or asserting the veracity of Smith’s claims, the fact remains that the Smith-Pocahontas story is at the very core of North American culture. Nevertheless, far from being original, John Smith’s story had a precedent in the story of Spaniard Juan Ortiz, a member of the ill-fated Narváez expedition to Florida in 1527. Ortiz, who got lost in America and spent the rest of his life there, was also rescued by a Native American princess from being sacrificed in the course of a Native American ritual, as recounted by the Gentleman of Elvas, member of the Hernando de Soto expedition. Yet another vision of Native American women is that offered by Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, another participant of the Narváez expedition who, during almost a decade in the Americas fulfilled a number of roles among the Native Americans, including some that were regarded as female roles. These female roles provided him with an opportunity to avert captivity as well as a better understanding of gender roles within Native American civilization. This essay explores the description of Native American women posed by John Smith, Juan Ortiz and Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca so as to illustrate different images of Native American women during the early contact period as conveyed by these works.

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12

Walker, Timothy. "Atlantic Dimensions of the American Revolution: Imperial Priorities and the Portuguese Reaction to the North American Bid for Independence (1775-83)." Journal of Early American History 2, no. 3 (2012): 247–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18770703-00203003.

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This article explains and contextualizes the reaction of the Portuguese monarchy and government to the rebellion and independence of the British colonies in North America. This reaction was a mixed one, shaped by the simultaneous but conflicting motivations of an economic interest in North American trade, an abhorrence on the part of the Portuguese Crown for democratic rebellion against monarchical authority and a fundamental requirement to maintain a stable relationship with long-time ally Great Britain. Although the Lisbon regime initially reacted very strongly against the Americans’ insurrection, later, under a new queen, the Portuguese moderated their position so as not to damage their long-term imperial political and economic interests. This article also examines the economic and political power context of the contemporary Atlantic World from the Portuguese perspective, and specifically outlines the multiple ties that existed between Portugal and the North American British colonies during the eighteenth century. The argument demonstrates that Portugal reacted according to demands created by its overseas empire: maximizing trading profits, manipulating the balance of power in Europe among nations with overseas colonies and discouraging the further spread of aspirations toward independence throughout the Americas, most notably to Portuguese-held Brazil. The Portuguese role as a fundamental player in the early modern Atlantic World is chronically underappreciated and understudied in modern English-language historiography. Despite the significance of Portugal as a trading partner to the American colonies, and despite the importance of the Portuguese Atlantic colonial system to British commercial and military interests in the eighteenth century, no scholarly treatment of this specific subject has ever appeared in the primary journals that regularly consider Atlantic World imperial power dynamics or the place of the incipient United States within them. This contribution, then, helps to fill an obvious gap in the historical literature of the long eighteenth century and the revolutionary era in the Americas.

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13

Sessarego, Sandro. "The legal hypothesis of creole genesis." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 32, no. 1 (June 23, 2017): 1–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.32.1.01ses.

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The origins of the Afro-Hispanic Languages of the Americas (AHLAs), the languages that developed in Latin America from the contact of African languages and Spanish in colonial times, are extremely intriguing, since it still has to be explained why we do not find creole languages in certain regions of Spanish America, where the socio-demographic conditions for creole languages to emerge appear to have been in place in colonial times. Nowadays, in contrast, we can find such contact varieties in similar former colonies, which were ruled by the British, the French or the Dutch (McWhorter 2000). Despite the fascinating implications of this phenomenon, our knowledge of the AHLAs remains extremely limited. Several hypotheses have been proposed to account for this situation, but no common consensus has yet been achieved (Chaudenson 2001; Mintz 1971; Laurence 1974; Granda 1968; Schwegler 1993, 2014; Lipski 1993; etc.). The pull of different views on the issue has been labelled in the literature as the ‘Spanish creole debate’ (Lipski 2005: ch.9). The current study is aimed at casting new light on the Spanish creole debate by relying on a comparative analysis of slave laws in the Americas. This article highlights the role that legal differences played in shaping colonial societies and the Afro-European languages that developed in the New World.

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14

Maillo-Pozo, Sharina. "Resisting Colonial Ghosts." Small Axe: A Caribbean Journal of Criticism 23, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 132–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/07990537-7703368.

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Through a discussion of Dixa Ramírez’s Colonial Phantoms: Belonging and Refusal in the Dominican Americas, from the 19th Century to the Present (2018), this essay highlights and expands on the ways Dominican and Dominican American women have negotiated, resisted, and refused their historical obliteration in Western imaginaries. Three questions guide the commentary: How have Afro-Dominican women been ghosted from national building projects in both the Dominican Republic and the United States? How have Afro-Dominican women writers and performers refused traditional understandings of gender, sexuality, race, ethnicity, and nationality? How do the works of these women remind us that silences, omissions, and exclusions from dominant narratives are irresolute forms of violence executed and perpetuated by Western powers and constantly replicated by the Dominican intellectual and economic elite?

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15

Fenelon, James V. "Genocide, Race, Capitalism: Synopsis of Formation within the Modern World-system." Journal of World-Systems Research 22, no. 1 (March 22, 2016): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jwsr.2016.607.

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This article reviews and synpsizes race-based slavery and genocide extant across the Americas for a half millennia of colonial capitalist development, and identifies four major phases; conquest, colonization, capitalism, and hegemonic global capitalism. Examples of genocide are presented for each phase, and differences between Catholic driven Latin America conquest and Protestant driven Anglo American genocidal domination are delineated and put into thelongue durée of the modern world-system.

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16

Poesche, Jürgen. "Conflict of Ethics: Indigenous Americans and Settler Colonists = Conflicto de ética: Los pueblos indígenas y los colonos en las Américas." EUNOMÍA. Revista en Cultura de la Legalidad, no. 18 (April 1, 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/eunomia.2020.5262.

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Abstract: The objective of this paper is to develop and present a novel approach to the conflict of ethics on the foundation of legal theory, particularly the legal rules governing conflict of laws. The focus is on the conflict of ethics impacting Indigenous Americans in the context of Occidental settler colonialism in the Americas. This paper contains three major contributions. First, the interplay between Indigenous American concepts categorized as ethics in the Occident and Occidental ethics in a settler colonial context was assessed. Second, Occidental concepts in Roman Law and Saint Thomas Aquinas’ natural law was used to determine the precedence of Indigenous American equivalents to ethics vis-à-vis Occidental ethics in the Americas. Third, rules-based solutions synthetized from conflict of laws in international law were applied to conflict of ethics in the settler colonial context in the Americas.Keywords: Cultural and epistemic racism, decoloniality, indigenous Americans, settler colonialism, sumak kawsay, wakohtowin.Resumen: El objetivo de este artículo es desarrollar y presentar un enfoque novedoso del conflicto de ética sobre la base de la teoría legal, particularmente las reglas legales sobre el conflicto de leyes. La atención se centra en el conflicto de ética que afecta a los indígenas en el contexto del colonialismo en las Américas. Este artículo contiene tres contribuciones principales. Primero, se evaluó la interacción entre los conceptos de los indígenas categorizados como ética en el occidente en el contexto colonial. Segundo, los conceptos occidentales en la ley romana y la ley natural de Santo Tomás de Aquino se usaron para determinar la procedencia de los equivalentes indígenas en las Américas. Tercero, las soluciones basadas en reglas sintetizadas a partir del conflicto de leyes en el derecho internacional se aplicaron al conflicto de ética en el contexto colonial en las Américas.Palabras clave: Racismo cultural y epistémico, descolonialidad, indígenas en las Américas, colonialismo, sumak kawsay, wakohtowin.

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17

Joanne van der Woude. "Comparative Work on the Colonial Americas." William and Mary Quarterly 70, no. 3 (2013): 618. http://dx.doi.org/10.5309/willmaryquar.70.3.0618.

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18

Corwin, Jay. "History, Mythology, and 20th Century Latin American Fiction." Theory in Action 14, no. 4 (October 31, 2021): 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2126.

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The history of the Americas from the colonial period is marked by a large influx of persons from Europe and Africa. Fiction in 20th Century Latin America is marked by ties to the Chronicles and the history of human melding in the Americas, with a natural flow of social and religious syncretism that shapes the unique literary aesthetics of its literatures as may be witnessed in representative authors of genuine merit from different regions of Latin America.

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19

Earle, Rebecca. "Information and Disinformation in Late Colonial New Granada." Americas 54, no. 2 (October 1997): 167–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1007740.

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In 1814, Alexander von Humboldt, the great traveller and explorer of the Americas, drew attention to an unusual feature of the movement for independence in the Viceroyalty of New Granada: the establishment of printing presses and newspapersfollowedrather thanprecededthe outbreak of war. Humboldt was struck by the contrast New Granada's war of independence offered with the two more famous political revolutions of the age. A great proliferation of printed pamphlets and periodicals had preceded the outbreak of revolution in both the Thirteen Colonies and France. How curious, Humboldt commented, to find the process reversed in Spanish America. Humboldt is not alone in viewing the newspaper as the expected harbinger of change in the age of Atlantic revolution. While the precise role played by the printed word in the French and American revolutions remains a subject of debate, many historians acknowledge the importance of print in creating a climate conducive to revolutionary challenge. Were newspapers and the press really latecomers to the revolution in the Viceroyalty of New Granada, as Humboldt suggests? What does this tell us about late colonial New Granada? How, in the absence of a developed press, did information, revolutionary or otherwise, circulate within the viceroyalty? Moreover, what means were available to either the Spanish crown or the American insurgents to create and manipulate news and opinion? What, indeed, does it mean to speak of the spread of news in a society such as late colonial New Granada? This article seeks to address these questions.

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20

Halac, Ricardo. "Cohen, Mario Eduardo. América Colonial Judía: Jews in the Colonial Americas." Latin American Jewish Studies 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.26613/lajs.1.1.10.

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21

Scheianu, Adrian. "Historical Considerations Regarding the Creation of the Cuban National Identity." Acta Marisiensis. Seria Historia 1, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amsh-2020-0007.

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Abstract Although the revolutionary outbreak of the Spanish colonies in the Americas was sudden and apparently unplanned it was, in fact, a long process, during which colonial economies underwent growth, societies developed identities, ideas advanced to new positions and Spanish Americans began conscious of their own culture and jealous of their own resources. In Cuba the process of creating a national identity displays similarities with what happened in the former European colonies from the two Americas, turned into independent states but, on the other hand, shows different characteristics that make Cuba an exceptional case among the nations of the New World. A number of factors of different natures, as well as the vicinity of a state that from the second half of XIXth century is paving the way for a great power, helped to keep Cuba in Spanish hands until the end of the XIXth century long after the other colonies of the Spanish empire had fallen to local settler armies elsewhere. This short study aims to illustrate some aspects regarding the historical dynamics in the build up of a Cuban national identity.

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22

Grafe, Regina, and Maria Alejandra Irigoin. "The Spanish Empire and its legacy: fiscal redistribution and political conflict in colonial and post-colonial Spanish America." Journal of Global History 1, no. 2 (July 2006): 241–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022806000155.

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The comparative history of the Americas has been used to identify factors determining longterm economic growth. One approach, new institutional economics (NIE), claims that the colonial origins of respective institutional structures explain North American success and Spanish American failure. Another argues that differences in resources encountered by Europeans fostered divergent levels of equality impacting on institutions and growth. This paper challenges the theoretical premises and historical evidence of both views offering a historicized, statistically and economically validated explanation for the institutional and economic development of Spanish America. First, it revises the structure of the fiscal system challenging the characterization of Spain as an absolutist ruler. Secondly, an analysis of fiscal data at regional levels assesses the performance of the Imperial state. It shows the existence of massive revenue redistribution within the colonies, disputing the notion of a predatory extractive empire based on endowments as the source of original inequality. Finally, we discuss how a contingent event, the imprisonment of the Spanish king in 1808, contributed to the disintegration of a 300-year-old empire. The crisis of legitimacy in the empire turned fiscal interdependence between regions into beggar-thy-neighbour strategies and internecine conflict. We conclude by arguing for a reversal of the causality from weak institutions causing economic failure to fiscal (and economic) failure leading to political instability.

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23

Webster, Susan Verdi. "Research on Confraternities in the Colonial Americas." Confraternitas 9, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/confrat.v9i1.13368.

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24

David, Noble, and Amy Turner Bushnell. "Establishing Exceptionalism: Historiography and the Colonial Americas." Hispanic American Historical Review 77, no. 2 (May 1997): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2516922.

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Cook, Noble David. "Establishing Exceptionalism: Historiography and the Colonial Americas." Hispanic American Historical Review 77, no. 2 (May 1, 1997): 303–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-77.2.303.

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Aquilino, Aquilino. "The Land Law Reform in the Philippines State." Jurnal Akta 9, no. 1 (March 4, 2022): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/akta.v9i1.20491.

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This research aim to know the land reform in the Philippines has long been a contentious issue rooted in the Philippines's Spanish Colonial Period. Some efforts began during the American Colonial Period with renewed efforts during the Commonwealth, following independence, during Martial Law and especially following the People Power Revolution in 1986. This research used the qualitative with normative approach especially the regulation of Land in Philippines. The current law, the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program, was passed following the revolution and recently extended until 2014. Much like Mexico and other Spanish colonies in the Americas, the Spanish settlement in the Philippines revolved around the encomienda system of plantations, known as haciendas. As the conclusion explained that in the 19th Century progressed, industrialization and liberalization of trade allowed these encomiendas to expand their cash crops, establishing a strong sugar industry in the Philippines, especially in the Visayan island of Negros.

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Champion, Giulia. "Decolonising Deep-Sea Gothic: Perspectives from the Americas." Gothic Studies 24, no. 3 (November 2022): 275–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/gothic.2022.0142.

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This article argues that gothic tropes are central to depictions of the ocean across different genres and forms, but there is a colonial and decolonial trend in the use of horror in portrayal of the sea. This article identifies how gothic depictions of the deep-sea form part of a specific tradition of ecophobic representations of the deep in western narratives aiming to control and commodify. These depictions are profoundly marked by colonial legacies, as this paper shows by analysing briefly Rudyard Kipling’s poem ‘The Deep-Sea Cables’ (1896) and William Eubank’s film Underwater (2020). The article then considers how gothic tropes persisting in post-colonial and decolonial cultural productions serve to identify, first, structural colonial violence still present today; and second, an anxiety about our ecosystem in a time of climate crisis in Rita Indiana’s novel La Mucama de Omicunlé (2015) and works emerging from the Caribbean and Latin America.

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Orgeix, Emilie d’. "Quelques considérations sur les "traceurs de plans" dans l’Amérique coloniale aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles: l’exemple des fondations urbaines en Nouvelle-France." Aldaba, no. 40 (December 15, 2017): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/aldaba.40.2015.20561.

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Se fondant sur une citation de Pierre Lavedan sur le rôle des « traceurs de villes » de l’Amérique coloniale, cet article souligne, à travers quelques carrières d’ingénieurs militaires envoyés en Nouvelle-France aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles, le large spectre d’activités développées par ces agents du roi oeuvrant au service de l’État monarchique. Si leurs projets sont aujourd’hui bien connus, leur rôle de promotion du pouvoir royal en territoire colonial, reste un sujet rarement abordé en histoire de l’architecture. L’étude de leurs projets de portes et de places royales notamment révèle pourtant combien ils ont servi la cause monarchique avec constance et loyauté malgré un agenda politique métropolitain souvent peu favorable à la réalisation de leurs projets.While the plans of French military engineers active in the American colonies during the Early Modern period have been frequently published, their professional status and the role that they played as architects and urban planners remains unclear. Sent overseas between the end of the seventeenth and the middle of the eighteenth centuries, these royal agents were dependent on a number of administrative and political changes. Based on case studies of the French engineers who built or remodeled the colonial cities of Montreal, Quebec City, Detroit and Louisburg, this article reflects on the wide scope of activities and professional status that these polymaths developed in the Americas before 1763.

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Corcoran-Tadd, Noa, Jorge Ulloa Hung, Andrzej T. Antczak, Eduardo Herrera Malatesta, and Corinne L. Hofman. "Indigenous Routes and Resource Materialities in the Early Spanish Colonial World: Comparative Archaeological Approaches." Latin American Antiquity 32, no. 3 (March 30, 2021): 468–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/laq.2021.6.

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The early colonial period witnessed new scales of connectivity and unprecedented projects of resource extraction across the Spanish Americas. Yet such transformations also drew heavily on preexisting Indigenous landscapes, technologies, and institutions. Drawing together recent discussions in archaeology and geography about mobility and resource materialities, this article takes the early colonial route as a central object of investigation and contributes to new emerging interpretive frameworks that make sense of Spanish colonialism in the Americas as a variable, large-scale, and materially constituted process. Using three case studies—the ruta de Colón on the island of Hispaniola, the routes connecting the southeastern Caribbean islands with mainland South America, and the ruta de la plata in the south-central Andes—we develop a comparative archaeological analysis that reveals divergent trajectories of persistence, appropriation, and erasure in the region's routes and regimes of extraction and mobility during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.

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Toffoli, Erica. "Revolution and Revolutionary Movements in Latin America: A Special Teaching and Research Collection of The Americas." Americas 74, S1 (February 2017): S3—S12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/tam.2016.96.

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This curated collection of The Americas explores revolution and revolutionary movements in Latin American history from the colonial period to the present. This theme embraces events and processes contributing to the courses, outcomes, and reactions to both moments conventionally labeled “revolutions” in Latin American history, such as large-scale events like the Mexican Revolution, and more disparate efforts to secure—or resist—sociopolitical change.

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Rengifo, Alejandra, Allan Greer, and Jodi Bilinkoff. "Colonial Saints: Discovering the Holy in the Americas." Sixteenth Century Journal 35, no. 2 (July 1, 2004): 609. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20477016.

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Rappaport, J. "Colonial Mediascapes: Sensory Worlds of the Early Americas." Hispanic American Historical Review 95, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 185–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-2836844.

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Grandjean, K. "Colonial Mediascapes: Sensory Worlds of the Early Americas." Journal of American History 102, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 225–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jav225.

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Pavao-Zuckerman, Barnet. "Rendering Economies: Native American Labor and Secondary Animal Products in the Eighteenth-Century Pimería Alta." American Antiquity 76, no. 1 (January 2011): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/0002-7316.76.1.3.

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While the ostensible motivation for Spanish missionization in the Americas was religious conversion, missions were also critical to the expansion of European economic institutions in the sixteenth through nineteenth centuries. Native American labor in mission contexts was recruited in support of broader programs of colonialism, mercantilism, and resource extraction. Archaeological research throughout North America demonstrates the importance and extent of the integration of Native labor into regional colonial economies. Animals and animal products were often important commodities within colonialperiod regional exchange networks and thus, zooarchaeological data can be crucial to the reconstruction of local economic practices that linked Native labor to larger-scale economic processes. Zooarchaeological remains from two Spanish missions—one in southern Arizona and one in northern Sonora—demonstrate that Native labor supported broader colonial economic processes through the production of animal products such as tallow and hide. Tallow rendered at Mission San Agustín de Tucson and Mission Nuestra Señora del Pilar y Santiago de Cocóspera was vital for mining activities in the region, which served as an important wealth base for the continued development of Spanish colonialism in the Americas. This research also demonstrates continuity in rendering practices over millennia of human history, and across diverse geographical regions, permitting formalization of a set of expectations for identifying tallow-rendered assemblages, regardless of context.

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Poesche, Jurgen. "Coloniality in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Americas." Journal of Developing Societies 35, no. 3 (September 2019): 367–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x19868317.

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The objective of this article is to contribute to the development of a common narrative on coloniality in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Americas. Since scholars tend to focus on either Sub-Saharan Africa or the Americas, a gap between these important regions has emerged in the literature on coloniality. This article seeks to bridge this gap by providing a comparative perspective on coloniality, and this hopefully will enhance Indigenous African nations’ and Indigenous American nations’ understanding of what needs to be done to overcome coloniality. The article explores three key theses. First, in spite of the differences in the extant societal power structures in the postcolonial African states and the former settler colonial states in the Americas, this article argues that the continued dynamics of coloniality are similar in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Americas. The minority status of Indigenous American nations throughout the Americas renders addressing coloniality more challenging than in Sub-Saharan Africa where Indigenous African nations are in the majority although they generally do not have effective sovereignty. Second, the extant societal power structures associated with both coloniality and occidental modernity have weaponized occidental jurisprudence, natural science and social science to defend and proliferate the status quo assisted by state sovereignty. Addressing coloniality effectively therefore requires a renaissance of Indigenous African and Indigenous American cosmovisions unaffected by modernity. Third, addressing coloniality in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Americas requires the recognition of the comprehensive and supreme sovereignty of the Indigenous African nations in all of Sub-Saharan Africa, and Indigenous American nations in all of the Americas.

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McGreevey, Robert C. "Empire and Migration: Coastwise Shipping, National Status, and the Colonial Legal Origins of Puerto Rican Migration to the United States." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 11, no. 4 (October 2012): 553–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781412000394.

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This article examines colonial legal categories such as “national status” and “coastwise shipping” that shaped the movement of goods and people between U.S. colonies and the metropole. Focused on the case of Puerto Rican migration to the U.S. mainland in the early twentieth century, it argues that these legal categories conditioned migration patterns and that migrants, in turn, actively shaped new legal categories. Drawing on sources from both U.S. and Puerto Rican archives, this article contributes to an emerging body of literature on U.S. imperialism, law, and migration in the Americas. It shows that colonial legal categories are critical to understanding enduring migration streams to the United States that have long been embedded in imperial relationships.

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Choate, Mark I. "From territorial to ethnographic colonies and back again: the politics of Italian expansion, 1890–1912." Modern Italy 8, no. 1 (May 2003): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1353294032000074089.

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SummaryFor Italy, unprecedented mass migration in the late nineteenth century overshadowed the European Scramble for Africa. To secure Italy's place in the new imperial order, Francesco Crispi proposed to harness emigration for colonial expansion, by settling Italy's East African colonies with the surplus Italian population. Defeat at Adwa in 1896 shattered Crispi's project, and turned attention to colonial possibilities elsewhere. Luigi Einaudi and other Liberals trumpeted the value of Italian collectivities or colonie across the Atlantic, where Italy exerted only indirect influence. In theory, these ‘spontaneous colonies’ would boost the Italian economy at little expense. Italian colonialist societies turned from Africa to the Americas, working to make Italian migration more prestigious, successful and profitable. After 1908, however, Enrico Corradini and the Italian Nationalists mocked these initiatives, and called upon the Italian state to return to traditional imperialism in Africa.

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Eleazar Wendt, Samuel. "Hanseatic Merchants and the Procurement of Palm Oil and Rubber for Wilhelmine Germany’s New Industries, 1850–1918." European Review 26, no. 3 (June 11, 2018): 430–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798718000121.

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This article analyses the reorientation of Hanseatic merchants’ involvement in world trade during the second half of the nineteenth and first decades of the twentieth centuries. This shift was influenced by the independence of former British and Iberian colonies in the Americas, which caused the implosion of colonial trade monopolies. The abolition of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade, and the Scramble for Africa also allowed German commerce to obtain more direct access to markets in and raw materials from tropical regions. An examination of the commodity chains of rubber and palm oil/kernels reveals the great influence of Hanseatic merchant families (e.g. O’Swald, Schramm or Woermann) on determining and shaping the terms by which African and South American regions became incorporated into the emerging world economy.

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Ballantyne, Tony. "Paper, Pen, and Print: The Transformation of the Kai Tahu Knowledge Order." Comparative Studies in Society and History 53, no. 2 (March 29, 2011): 232–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417511000041.

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Knowledge has become a central problematic in recent work on cross-cultural encounters and the processes of empire building. In an array of contexts—from Spanish America to colonial South Africa, from Ireland to occupied Egypt, the American West to British India—anthropologists and historians have highlighted the ways in which “colonial knowledge” facilitated trade, the extraction of rent and taxes, conversion, and outright conquest. This scholarship has demonstrated how these new forms of understanding produced on imperial frontiers facilitated the actual extension of sovereignty and the consolidation of colonial authority: for Tzvetan Todorov, Bernard Cohn, and Nicholas Dirks alike, colonialism was a “conquest of knowledge.” Scholarship on empire building in the Americas has placed special emphasis on the place of literacy in the dynamics of conquest. Walter Mignolo in particular has argued that European understandings of the power of literacy encouraged Spaniards in the New World to discount the value of indigenous graphic systems and disparage Mesoamerican languages as untruthful, unreliable, and products of the Devil. For Mignolo, the dark side of the new knowledge orders born out of the Renaissance was a new interweaving of literacy, knowledge, and colonization in a new cultural order he dubs “coloniality.” In the North American literature, too, literacy has been seen as a crucial element in imperial intrusion and conquest. James Axtell, for example, has argued “The conquest of America was in part a victory of paper and print over memory and voice. The victors wrote their way to the New World and inscribed themselves on its maps.”

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Walter, Roland. "Women writing the Americas: literature, ecology, and decolonization." Revista Ártemis 29, no. 1 (July 17, 2020): 122–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22478/ufpb.1807-8214.2020v29n1.54000.

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This essay analyzes how multiethnic women writers of the Americas draw a map of a critical geography by delineating the interrelated brutalization of human beings and the environment at the colonial-decolonial interface. Its theoretical approach is comparative, interdisciplinary, and intersectional and embedded in Cultural/ Post-Colonial Studies and Ecocriticism with the objective to problematize the issue of identity, ethnicity, and gender in correlation with the land qua place and style of life within a capitalist system. The objective is to reveal and examine the decolonial attitude in texts by multiethnic women writers of the Americas: what is decolonization and how is it translated into the narrative structure, style and theme?

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Allen, Robert C., Tommy E. Murphy, and Eric B. Schneider. "UNA DE CAL Y OTRA DE ARENA: BUILDING COMPARABLE REAL WAGES IN A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE." Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 33, no. 1 (March 2015): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0212610915000038.

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ABSTRACTThis paper discusses some of the criticisms recently raised by Rafael Dobado-González about our work on real wages in the Americas in the long run. Although addressing a series of issues, Dobado mainly questions our use of the welfare ratio methodology to assess standards of living in colonial Spanish America. In this article we explain how, despite its limitations, this methodology provides a solid, transparent metric to compare economic development across space and time. In particular, welfare ratios present more economically relevant information on living standards than the commodity wages that Dobado prefers (Dobado González and García Montero 2014). We argue that Dobado fails to offer convincing evidence against our findings; hence, we stand by these results, which suggest that the divergence between North and Latin America began early in the colonial period.

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Ongaro, Linda, Ludovica Molinaro, Rodrigo Flores, Davide Marnetto, Marco R. Capodiferro, Marta E. Alarcón-Riquelme, Andrés Moreno-Estrada, et al. "Evaluating the Impact of Sex-Biased Genetic Admixture in the Americas through the Analysis of Haplotype Data." Genes 12, no. 10 (October 7, 2021): 1580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12101580.

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A general imbalance in the proportion of disembarked males and females in the Americas has been documented during the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade and the Colonial Era and, although less prominent, more recently. This imbalance may have left a signature on the genomes of modern-day populations characterised by high levels of admixture. The analysis of the uniparental systems and the evaluation of continental proportion ratio of autosomal and X chromosomes revealed a general sex imbalance towards males for European and females for African and Indigenous American ancestries. However, the consistency and degree of this imbalance are variable, suggesting that other factors, such as cultural and social practices, may have played a role in shaping it. Moreover, very few investigations have evaluated the sex imbalance using haplotype data, containing more critical information than genotypes. Here, we analysed genome-wide data for more than 5000 admixed American individuals to assess the presence, direction and magnitude of sex-biased admixture in the Americas. For this purpose, we applied two haplotype-based approaches, ELAI and NNLS, and we compared them with a genotype-based method, ADMIXTURE. In doing so, besides a general agreement between methods, we unravelled that the post-colonial admixture dynamics show higher complexity than previously described.

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Park, Heejoo. "Nonhuman Subject and the Spatiotemporal Reimagination of the Borderlands in Karen Tei Yamashita’s Tropic of Orange." Literature 2, no. 4 (November 1, 2022): 278–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/literature2040023.

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In Tropic of Orange (1997), Karen Tei Yamashita uses literary imagination to challenge the settler-colonial discourse on space and time in the Americas. The influence of Latin American magical realism on Yamashita is most pronounced in the orange, a nonhuman object imbued with human agency. The orange magically initiates cross-border movements of people that disrupt the binaries of local/global, East/West, and North/South, challenging the unequal distribution of freedom of movement across the globe. In this paper, I engage with Wai-Chee Dimock’s concept of “deep time” to discuss the temporality of such border crossings. I propose that the cyclicality symbolized by the orange provides an alternative to linear settler-colonial management of spacetime.

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Longmore, Paul K. "“Good English without Idiom or Tone”: The Colonial Origins of American Speech." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 37, no. 4 (April 2007): 513–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh.2007.37.4.513.

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The interplay between modes of speech and the demographical, geographical, social, and political history of Britain's North American colonies of settlement influenced the linguistic evolution of colonial English speech. By the early to mid-eighteenth century, regional varieties of English emerged that were not only regionally comprehensible but perceived by many observers as homogeneous in contrast to the deep dialectical differences in Britain. Many commentators also declared that Anglophone colonial speech matched metropolitan standard English. As a result, British colonials in North America possessed a national language well before they became “Americans.” This shared manner of speech inadvertently helped to prepare them for independent American nation-hood.

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Fagiolo, Sofia. "Primeros Libros de las Américas: Impresos Americanos del Siglo XVI en las Bibliotecas del Mundo." Charleston Advisor 24, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5260/chara.24.1.52.

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Primeros Libros de las Américas is a free database of scanned images of early printed books produced in the Americas from 1455 to 1600. This project is an international collaboration of more than 25 institutional partners from Mexico, Spain, Peru, and the U.S. The collection continues to grow as partner institutions join the project. The database includes high-resolution images and rich metadata descriptions that allow efficient searching. The goal of the project is to build a free digital collection of imprints from the early Americas that will include at least one copy of the 136 titles that have survived to the present. The collection offers unique primary sources for a variety of academic fields studying Colonial Spanish America.

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Uwase, Sabrina. "Debt and Destruction: The Global Abuse of Haiti and Unbalancing the Myth of Benevolent Canada." Caribbean Quilt 5 (May 19, 2020): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/caribbeanquilt.v5i0.34381.

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An integral responsibility of nation-states is to provide protection and the means for attaining a fulfilling life to those it governs. Given the fact that most current global powers were not founded with the needs of racialized peoples in mind, one is infuriated but not surprised, at the cyclical pattern of disregard and exploitation that people of colour in the Americas experience. Indigenous and Black communities in the Americas are not just disregarded by the state, but are actively targeted for exploitation and undermining. Analyzing Haiti’s post-colonial history and Canada’s domestic and international mining operations, I argue that nations in the Caribbean and Latin America have been extensively exploited economically by imperial powers, and their survival undermined by colonial legacies. Numerous countries in the region, to varying degrees, continue to experience the wrath of state-sponsored white supremacy and crippling debt that prevent authentic development. I advance the position that coerced debt and resource extraction have been weaponized against already ostracized communities by behemoth states that employ the myth of being a post-racial democracy. This paper also highlights a complex set of global relationships by linking extraction, state-corporate relations, and North-South divides, with a focus on Canadian mining in Latin America.

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Weterings, Tom. "Should We Stay or Should We Go?" Journal of Early American History 4, no. 2 (July 9, 2014): 130–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18770703-00402004.

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The colonial map of the Americas during the seventeenth century was ever-changing. Near-constant warfare meant that colonies could change hands several times in a matter of decades, and that European settlers could at any time find themselves under “new management”. A takeover posed a potential threat to the colonists’ way of life, but the newcomers could be faced with a potentially hostile population as well. Differences in religion, language, political practice, as well as the question of loyalty could all pose serious obstacles for a good relationship between the new rulers and the old colonial population. This article addresses this issue from the perspective of the settlers. Taking the colony of Suriname as the main case, and by comparing it to other colonies such as Brazil and New Netherland, I conclude that most settlers were content to stay, with exceptions due to pressures by governments or incompatible religious differences.

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Kaufmann, Thomas DaCosta. "Islam, Art, and Architecture in the Americas: Some Considerations of Colonial Latin America." Res: Anthropology and aesthetics 43 (March 2003): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/resv43n1ms20167589.

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Brooks, Joanna. "FINDING COLONIAL AMERICAS: ESSAYS HONORING J. A. LEO LEMAY." Resources for American Literary Study 29, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 348–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/26367160.

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de la Puente Luna, José Carlos. "A Troubled Marriage: Indigenous Elites of the Colonial Americas." Ethnohistory 69, no. 3 (July 1, 2022): 360–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00141801-9706055.

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