Книги: "Collapse model"

1

Peadar, Kirby, ed. Celtic tiger in collapse: Explaining the weaknesses of the Irish model. 2nd ed. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.

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2

Falzon, Brian G. An introduction to modelling buckling and collapse. Glasgow: NAFEMS, 2006.

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3

Garber, Peter M. The operation and collapse of fixed exchange rate regimes. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1994.

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4

Garber, Peter M. The operation and collapse of fixed exchange rate regimes. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1994.

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5

Garber, Peter M. The operation and collapse of fixed exchange rate regimes. Stockholm: Stockholm University, Institute for International Economic Studies, 1995.

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6

Dolinskai︠a︡, Irina. Explaining Russia's output collapse: Aggregate sources and regional evidence. [Washington, D.C.]: International Monetary Fund, IMF Institute, 2001.

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7

Emergence and collapse of early villages: Models of central mesa verde archaeology. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2012.

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8

The dynamics of apocalypse: A systems simulation of the classic Maya collapse. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1985.

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9

Fibich, Gadi. Backscattering and nonparaxiality arrest collapse of damped nonlinear waves. Hampton, VA: Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering, NASA Langley Research Center, 2002.

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10

W, Cooper Russell. Financial collapse and active monetary policy: A lesson from the Great Depression. [Minneapolis, Minn.]: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, 2001.

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11

Calvo, Guillermo A. Explaining sudden stops, growth collapse and BOP crises: The case of distortionary output taxes. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2003.

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12

Brainard, S. Lael. The political economy of declining industries: Senescent industry collapse revisited. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1993.

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13

Bundy, Alida. Mass balance models of the eastern Scotian Shelf before and after the cod collapse and other ecosystem changes. Dartmouth, N.S: Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 2004.

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14

Bundy, Alida. Mass balance models of the eastern Scotian Shelf before and after the cod collapse and other ecosystem changes. Dartmouth, N.S: Science Branch, Dept of Fisheries and Oceans, 2004.

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15

Rodrik, Dani. Where did all the growth go?: External shocks, social conflict, and growth collapses. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1998.

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16

Spyridaki, Athina. Response Variability of Statically Determinate Beam Structures Following Non-Linear Constitutive Laws and Analytical identication of progressive collapse modes of steel frames. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2017.

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17

Holzhey, Christoph F. E., and Arnd Wedemeyer, eds. Errans. Berlin: ICI Berlin Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37050/ci-24.

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Today’s critical discourses and theorizing vanguards agree on the importance of getting lost, of failure, of erring — as do life coaches and business gurus. The taste for a departure from progress and other teleologies, the fascination with disorder, unfocused modes of attention, or improvisational performances cut across wide swaths of scholarly and activist discourses, practices in the arts, but also in business, warfare, and politics. Yet often the laudible failures are only those that are redeemed by subsequent successes. What could it mean to think errancy beyond such restrictions? And what would a radical critique of productivity, success, and fixed determination look like that doesn’t collapse into the infamous ‘I would prefer not to’? This volume looks for an answer in the complicated word field branching and stretching from the Latin errāre. Its contributions explore the implications of embracing error, randomness, failure, non-teleological temporalities across different disciplines, discourses, and practices, with critical attention to the ambivalences such an impossible embrace generates.

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18

Stevens, Don J. A Gravitational Collapse Model of the Electron. Leathers Pub, 2002.

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19

Kirby, Peadar. Celtic Tiger in Collapse: Explaining the Weaknesses of the Irish Model. Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.

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20

Clark, James S., Dave Bell, Michael Dietze, Michelle Hersh, Ines Ibanez, Shannon LaDeau, Sean McMahon, et al. Assessing the probability of rare climate events. Edited by Anthony O'Hagan and Mike West. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198703174.013.16.

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This article focuses on the use of Bayesian methods in assessing the probability of rare climate events, and more specifically the potential collapse of the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) in the Atlantic Ocean. It first provides an overview of climate models and their use to perform climate simulations, drawing attention to uncertainty in climate simulators and the role of data in climate prediction, before describing an experiment that simulates the evolution of the MOC through the twenty-first century. MOC collapse is predicted by the GENIE-1 (Grid Enabled Integrated Earth system model) for some values of the model inputs, and Bayesian emulation is used for collapse probability analysis. Data comprising a sparse time series of five measurements of the MOC from 1957 to 2004 are analysed. The results demonstrate the utility of Bayesian analysis in dealing with uncertainty in complex models, and in particular in quantifying the risk of extreme outcomes.

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21

Six sources of collapse. The Mathematical Association of America, 2012.

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22

Maggiore, Michele. Stellar collapse. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198570899.003.0001.

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Stellar collapse and supernova explosions. Properties and classification of supernovae. Historical supernovae. Explosion mechanisms and core-collapse dynamics. The remnant of the collapse. GW production during core collapse, bar-mode instabilities, anisotropic neutrino emission.

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23

Ergas, Christina. Surviving Collapse. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197544099.001.0001.

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As environmental crises loom, this book makes an argument for radical changes in the ways in which people live in order to stave off a dystopian future. A possible way forward is radical sustainable development, which emphasizes environmental and social justice concerns that are at once transformative, or egalitarian toward total liberation, and regenerative, or restorative to heal the health of people and the planet. Radical sustainability is distinguished from weak sustainability—a critique of the neoliberal, sustainable development project that, in practice, prioritizes economic growth over people and the planet—using theories from ecofeminist, environmental justice, and postcolonial scholars. The prevailing notion of sustainable development has remained ineffective at reducing environmental degradation and social inequalities. To gauge possible solutions to these problems, the book examines two alternative, community-scale, socioecological models of development with small environmental footprints and more egalitarian social practices. Methods employed are qualitative, cross-national, and comparative. The cases are an urban ecovillage in the Pacific Northwest, United States and a Cuban urban farm in Havana. These cases are important reminders that elegant, low-cost solutions already exist for environmental harm mitigation as well as social equity and adaptation. Findings highlight that each case uses community-oriented, low-tech practices and integrates ancestral, Indigenous, and local ecological knowledges. They prioritize social and ecological efficiency and subsume economic rationality towards those ends. While neither is a panacea, both provide examples for how communities can move toward stronger forms of sustainable development and empower readers to imagine, and possibly build, more resilient futures.

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24

Lowrie, Michèle, and Barbara Vinken. Correcting Rome with Rome. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803034.003.0009.

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Victor Hugo’s Quatrevingt-treize, this chapter argues, uses a classicizing allusive technique to set different models of Rome against each other, so that each corrects the flaws or errors of the other. Vergilian refoundation counteracts Lucan’s perpetual civil war. Augustine’s Civitas Dei counteracts the fruitlessness of suicide and promises to bring closure to the perennial cycle of refoundation and collapse. But the Roman Church, for Hugo, has failed to live up to the promise of Christianity and classical Rome offers literature itself as the secular institution that will bring Hugo’s progressive vision to fruition. Quatrevingt-treize presents every model of Rome as flawed, but Roman models offer the very framework for combating the Roman inheritance. Could such a dialectical reception of Roman antiquity, this chapter asks, in fact be a “better” way—even the “right” way—to practice reception?

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25

Gao, Shan. Collapse of the Wave Function: Models, Ontology, Origin, and Implications. Cambridge University Press, 2018.

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26

Gao, Shan. Collapse of the Wave Function: Models, Ontology, Origin, and Implications. Cambridge University Press, 2018.

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27

Collapse of the Wave Function: Models, Ontology, Origin, and Implications. Cambridge University Press, 2018.

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28

Turchin, Peter. Historical Dynamics. Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691180779.001.0001.

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Many historical processes are dynamic. Populations grow and decline. Empires expand and collapse. Religions spread and wither. Natural scientists have made great strides in understanding dynamical processes in the physical and biological worlds using a synthetic approach that combines mathematical modeling with statistical analyses. Taking up the problem of territorial dynamics—why some polities at certain times expand and at other times contract—this book shows that a similar research program can advance our understanding of dynamical processes in history. The book develops hypotheses from a wide range of social, political, economic, and demographic factors: geopolitics, factors affecting collective solidarity, dynamics of ethnic assimilation/religious conversion, and the interaction between population dynamics and sociopolitical stability. It then translates these into a spectrum of mathematical models, investigates the dynamics predicted by the models, and contrasts model predictions with empirical patterns. The book's highly instructive empirical tests demonstrate that certain models predict empirical patterns with a very high degree of accuracy. For instance, one model accounts for the recurrent waves of state breakdown in medieval and early modern Europe. And historical data confirm that ethno-nationalist solidarity produces an aggressively expansive state under certain conditions (such as in locations where imperial frontiers coincide with religious divides). The strength of the book's results suggests that the synthetic approach advocated can significantly improve our understanding of historical dynamics.

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29

Kohler, Timothy A., and Mark D. Varien. Emergence and Collapse of Early Villages: Models of Central Mesa Verde Archaeology. University of California Press, 2012.

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30

Kohler, Timothy A., and Mark D. Varien. Emergence and Collapse of Early Villages: Models of Central Mesa Verde Archaeology. University of California Press, 2012.

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31

Structural collapse fire tests: Single story, ordinary construction warehouse. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2003.

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32

(Editor), Anthony Mezzacappa, and George Michael Fuller (Editor), eds. Open Issues in Core Collapse Supernova Theory (Proceedings from the Institute for Nuclear Theory). World Scientific Publishing Company, 2006.

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33

Fu, Feng. Structural Analysis and Design to Prevent Disproportionate Collapse. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.

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34

Fu, Feng. Structural Analysis and Design to Prevent Disproportionate Collapse. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.

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35

Fu, Feng. Structural Analysis and Design to Prevent Disproportionate Collapse. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.

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36

Yamamoto, Koji. Reformation and Distrust. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198739173.003.0004.

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The collapse of Charles I’s Personal Rule did not end projecting activities. This chapter uses the well-documented case of the reforming circle of Samuel Hartlib during the 1640s and 1650s to explore how public distrust of the projector came to condition the promotion of useful knowledge, especially the evaluation of credibility and the practices of collaboration and exclusion in the reforming network. Many promoters came to avoid the style of fiscal impositions reminiscent of early Stuart projectors. The chapter discusses how projecting activities thereby began to evolve away from the early Stuart model, with far-reaching implications for subsequent developments, not only in terms of political economy, but also of natural and experimental philosophy.

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37

Levin, Frank S. The Hydrogen Atom and Its Colorful Photons. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808275.003.0010.

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The energies, kets and wave functions obtained from the Schrödinger equation for the hydrogen atom are examined in Chapter 9. Three quantum numbers are identified. The energies turn out to be the same as in the Bohr model, and an energy-level diagram appropriate to the quantum description is constructed. Graphs of the probability distributions are interpreted as the electron being in a “cloud” around the proton, rather than at a fixed position: the atom is fuzzy, not sharp-edged. The wavelengths of the five photons of the Balmer series are shown to be in the visible range. These photons are emitted when electrons transition from higher-excited states to the second lowest one, which means that electronic-type transitions underlie the presence of colors in our visible environment. The non-collapse of the atom, required by classical physics, is shown to arise from the structure of Schrödinger’s equation.

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38

Swann, Julian. Idol of the Nation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198788690.003.0013.

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Absolute monarchy as practiced since the time of Louis XIV involved the king acting as his own first minister, the royal master directing ministerial servants whose office was to be treated almost as vocation. Louis XV had struggled to fulfil that role, but he had nevertheless maintained at least the appearance of deciding ministerial destinies. Under Louis XVI existing fissures would break open, and increasingly independent-minded ministers, sceptical about the intellectual foundations of absolute monarchy and inspired by ideas from across the channel, developed a habit of resigning on principle, putting public opinion, the nation or their own interests before their obligation to serve the king. By taking a close look at ministerial disgrace, notably through the careers of Necker and Calonne, this chapter discusses the breakdown of a model of Bourbon government that would do much to bring about the collapse of the king’s authority in 1789.

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39

Wolfe, Judith. Eschatology. Edited by Joel D. S. Rasmussen, Judith Wolfe, and Johannes Zachhuber. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198718406.013.36.

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This chapter traces trends in nineteenth-century thought concerning eschatology and apocalypticism. Contrary to twentieth-century wisdom, eschatology was of central importance in nineteenth-century Christian consciousness and its philosophical inflections. Radical developments were seen in the doctrines of hell (whose eternal duration was increasingly questioned or rejected in favour of versions of apocatastasis) and the question of an imminent earthly messianic kingdom. Eschatological conceptions of history were secularized in Idealist and Romantic narratives of education and nationalist aspiration. In all these areas, the nineteenth-century eschatological consciousness was overwhelmingly one of continuity between earthly progress and transcendent continuation or fulfilment. This model of continuity began to be questioned in theology and biblical studies in the waning nineteenth century, and collapsed by the dawn of the First World War. Models of rupture now took its place, tendentiously projecting back onto the nineteenth century an ‘eschatological slumber’ from which only the twentieth century roused theology.

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40

Neill, Michael. ‘Romaine Tragedie’. Edited by Michael Neill and David Schalkwyk. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198724193.013.21.

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In Titus Andronicus Shakespeare and his collaborator Peele contributed to the early modern reinvention of tragedy—a genre that had effectively ceased to exist for more than a thousand years. The play’s designation as a ‘Romaine Tragedy’ announces its self-conscious engagement with classical models—an effect rendered theatrically immediate by the identification of the audience with the citizenry of Rome; but this engagement is of a conflicted kind: the presentation of Rome as a familiar model of civilization is undercut by what the play shows about the ferociously patriarchal values epitomized in the demands of ‘piety’ (pietas). The play sets up oppositions between civilization and barbarism, Roman and Goth, city and wilderness, eloquence and violence, monumental tomb and blood-drinking pit, which it then progressively collapses. Flattering its audience with the idea of England as a new Rome, Shakespeare also reminds them of the need to make Rome new—and therefore, perhaps, to take tragedy itself in new directions.

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41

Pop, Kris. Composition Notebook : Like No Others, Black, Collage Art, Soft, Funny, Hippos, Vintage Lady Model Cover. Lines: Notebook . Lined. Independently Published, 2020.

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42

Shahram, Akbarzadeh. Part 4 Constitutionalism and Separation of Powers, 4.5 Post-Soviet Central Asia: The Limits of Islam. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199759880.003.0023.

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This chapter examines the limited role of Islam in shaping the public space of post-Soviet Central Asia. It documents Soviet instruments of administrative control on Islam in Central Asia and then examines the behavior of the incumbent regimes which inherited this Soviet legacy. It shows that despite strong expectations of Central Asia's transition from authoritarian rule to democracy following the Soviet collapse, the incumbent elite managed to thwart that process and return to the familiar modes of centralized authoritarian rule. The chapter concludes by exploring the prospects of Islam's political role in Central Asia.

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43

Scheible, Kristin. Reading the Mahavamsa. Columbia University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/columbia/9780231171380.001.0001.

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Vamsa is a dynamic genre of Buddhist history filled with otherworldly characters and the exploits of real-life heroes. These narratives collapse the temporal distance between Buddha and the reader, building an emotionally resonant connection with an outsized religious figure and a longed-for past. The fifth-century Pali text Mahāvamsa is a particularly effective example, using metaphor and other rhetorical devices to ethically transform readers, to stimulate and then to calm them. Reading the Mahāvamsa advocates a new, literary approach to this text by revealing its embedded reading advice (to experience samvega and pasada) and affective work of metaphors (the Buddha's dharma as light) and salient characters (nagas). Kristin Scheible argues that the Mahāvamsa requires a particular kind of reading. In the text’s proem, special instructions draw readers to the metaphor of light and the nagas, or salient snake-beings, of the first chapter. Nagas are both model worshippers and unworthy hoarders of Buddha’s relics. As nonhuman agents, they challenge political and historicist readings of the text. Scheible sees these slippery characters and the narrative’s potent and playful metaphors as techniques for refocusing the reader’s attention on the text’s emotional aims. Her work explains the Mahāvamsa’s central motivational role in contemporary Sri Lankan Buddhist and nationalist circles. It also speaks broadly to strategies of reading religious texts and to the internal and external cues that give such works lives beyond the page.

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44

Deruelle, Nathalie, and Jean-Philippe Uzan. Newtonian cosmology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786399.003.0016.

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This chapter discusses the construction of models of the universe, which is ambiguous in Newtonian theory. It presents some results recovered within the framework of general relativity, which in addition makes it possible to lay the foundation of the theory of the formation of large-scale structures in the universe such as galaxies and galactic clusters. The chapter first constructs models of an expanding sphere. If galaxies are treated as the particles of a uniform cloud which is spherically symmetric about the origin of an inertial frame, then these models describe a universe which expands and eventually collapses on itself. The chapter then turns to the pitfalls of the infinite Newtonian universe, the ‘Friedmann’ equation, the evolution of perturbations, and Olbers’s paradox.

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45

Duara, Prasenjit. The Cold War and the Imperialism of Nation-States. Edited by Richard H. Immerman and Petra Goedde. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199236961.013.0006.

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This chapter examines the role of the imperialism of nation-states in the Cold War. It suggests that the Cold War rivalry provided the “frame of reference” in which the historical forces of imperialism and nationalism interacted with developments such as decolonization, multiculturalism, and new ideologies and modes of identity formation. The chapter also argues that while the equilibrium of Cold War rivalry generated an entrenched political and ideological hegemony limiting the realization of political, economic, and imaginative possibilities in much of the world, the developing world represented significant weak links and played an equally important role in its collapse.

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46

Gerstle, Gary. The Rise and Fall of the Neoliberal Order. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197519646.001.0001.

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The Rise and Fall of the Neoliberal Order analyses the history of a political order that emerged in the United States in the 1970s and 1980s, dominated American politics in the 1990s and 2000s, and fractured during the 2010s when Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders rose to prominence. Its power was built on an array of donors, policy entrepreneurs, and politicians that coalesced under Reagan. That coalition overturned the regulatory regime and ideological hegemony of New Deal order that had dominated American politics for forty years and made neoliberalism America’s dominant creed of political economy. The book argues that neoliberalism is a better term than conservatism for understanding the politics of this era. At the same time, it reworks the meaning and significance of neoliberalism. First, it insists that neoliberalism was much closer in character to the ideology of 19th century classical liberalism than is commonly acknowledged. Second, it argues that an elite-driven model for understanding neoliberalism is not sufficient to understand this ideology’s broad appeal; one must also reckon with how its promise of individual freedom drew both working-class Americans and erstwhile New Leftists to its banner. Third, the book identifies the collapse of the Soviet Union and of its legitimating ideology—communism—as critical factors in the neoliberal order’s triumph and restores the centrality of the Cold War to an understanding of our time. The book concludes with an analysis about how the problems left unsolved by the neoliberal order paved the way for Donald Trump’s rise and triumph.

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47

Solomon, William. The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Transportation. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040245.003.0002.

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This chapter examines poet W. C. Williams' and director Mack Sennett's respective investments in the 1920s in destructive enterprises, comically excessive violence amounting in both to a repudiation of the values that inform economic rationalism. In the former's The Great American Novel (1923) critical reflexivity and collage experimentation constitute acts of resistance to narrative signification. In the latter, the symbolic dismantling of the Model T—as exhibited in his films Lizzies of the Field (1924) and Super-Hooper-Dyne Lizzies (1925)— serves as a gesture of defiance aimed at Fordism. Both the motion pictures and the literary text indicated their ethical opposition to the priorities informing economic rationalism by integrating the Model T into decidedly destructive undertakings.

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48

Chislett, William. Spain. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780199936441.001.0001.

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Spain has undergone significant transformations over the past three decades, from a dictatorship to a democracy and from a mostly local and agriculture-based economy to one of the biggest financial systems in the EU and internationally. Until 2008, it enjoyed a major influx of foreign investment and the most rapid economic growth of any of the countries in the EU, resulting in half of the new jobs created during the early days of the Union. Yet, it now faces the highest rate of unemployment in Europe and slow growth for the foreseeable future. Additionally, the country faces internal strife from the separatist Catalan region and stringent austerity measures. In Spain: What Everyone Needs to Know, veteran journalist William Chislett recounts the country's fascinating and often turbulent history, beginning with the Muslim conquest in 711 and ending with the nation's deep economic crisis, sparked by the spectacular collapse of its real estate and construction sectors. He explains how some of the ghosts of the 1936-39 Civil War were laid to rest and the country moved to democracy, and covers issues such as the devolution of power to the country's 17 regions, the creation of a welfare state, the influx of several million immigrants over a very short time span, the religious cleavage, the strengths and weaknesses of the economy and how the country can create a more sustainable economic model. What happens in Spain matters. As Chislett shows, the country is much more than bullfighting and flamenco. It is an international economic power, and its future will significantly shape that of the European Union.

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49

Claydon, Tony. The Revolution in Time. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817239.001.0001.

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This book explores the idea that people in Western Europe changed the way they thought about time over the early modern period; and it does so by examining their reactions to the 1688–9 revolution in England. It examines how those who lived through the extraordinary collapse of James II’s regime perceived this event as it unfolded and how they set it within their understanding of history. It questions whether a new understanding of chronology—one which allowed fundamental and human-directed change—had been widely adopted by this point in the past; and whether this might have allowed witnesses of the revolution to see it as the start of a new era or as an opportunity to shape a novel, ‘modern’, future for England. It argues that, with important exceptions, the people of the era rejected dynamic views of time to retain a ‘static’ chronology that failed to fully conceptualize evolution in history. Bewildered by the rapid events of the revolution itself, people forced these into familiar scripts. Interpreting 1688–9 later, they saw it as a reiteration of timeless principles of politics, or as a stage in an eternal and predetermined struggle for true religion. Only slowly did they see come to see it as part of an evolving and modernizing process—and then mainly in response to opponents of the revolution, who had theorized change in order to oppose it. The book thus argues for a far more complex and ambiguous model of changes in chronological conception than many accounts have suggested and questions whether 1688–9 could be the leap toward modernity that recent interpretations have argued.

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Partis-Jennings, Hannah. The Military-Peace Complex. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474453325.001.0001.

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This book focuses on the military and statebuilding components of the international project in Afghanistan since 2001. It posits and discusses the military-peace complex as a framework for understanding the international project in Afghanistan, pointing to the sliding together and collapse between military and peace actors, mandates, and ideational frameworks. Focusing on the role of gender as well as material and spatial entanglements, the author argues that military and peace work in the liberal mode cannot be logically separated but rather are co-constituted and operate in a dynamic relationship to each other with fluid and shifting boundaries. Based on original interviews and wider research, the book offers a holistic way of viewing the international project in Afghanistan, drawing attention to its under-noticed elements, and providing a new way of understanding its politics.

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