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Статті в журналах з теми "Cold atomics physics"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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1

Zhuang, Wei, Yang Zhao, Shaokai Wang, Zhanjun Fang, Fang Fang, and Tianchu Li. "Ultranarrow bandwidth Faraday atomic filter approaching natural linewidth based on cold atoms." Chinese Optics Letters 19, no. 3 (2021): 030201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col202119.030201.

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2

Ghasemian, E., and M. K. Tavassoly. "Population dynamics of ultra-cold atoms interacting with radiation fields in the presence of inter-atomic collisions." Chinese Optics Letters 19, no. 12 (2021): 122701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col202119.122701.

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3

Li Wenwen, 李文文, 刘乾 Liu Qian, 梁昂昂 Liang Ang’ang, 谢昱 Xie Yu, 李琳 Li Lin, 李蕊 Li Rui, 孟洁 Meng Jie та ін. "空间超冷原子实验两维磁光阱系统的集成设计与实现". Chinese Journal of Lasers 49, № 11 (2022): 1112001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl202249.1112001.

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4

Zhai, Hui. "Spin-Orbit Coupled Quantum Gases." Asia Pacific Physics Newsletter 01, no. 02 (September 2012): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2251158x12000227.

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Spin-orbit coupling is an important effect in many areas of physics, for instance, it plays an important role in determining atomic and nuclei structure and it gives birth to topological insulators. However, for long time spinorbit coupling was not discussed in the physics of ultracold atomic gases, because there is no spin-orbit coupling for the motion of neutral atoms. Recently, there are many proposals of generating various types of spin-orbit coupling in cold atom systems, and in particular, in 2011, Ian Speilman's group in NIST has realized one of these proposals experimentally in Rb-87 Bose condensate. These progresses generate a lot of interests and many good results have been published in the last couple years. Spin-orbit coupled quantum gases have now become one of the hottest research directions in cold atom physics. This review article reviews most recent theoretical and experimental progresses on this direction.

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5

Ahmed, Mushtaq, Daniel V. Magalhães, Aida Bebeachibuli, Stella T. Müller, Renato F. Alves, Tiago A. Ortega, John Weiner, and Vanderlei S. Bagnato. "The Brazilian time and frequency atomic standards program." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 80, no. 2 (June 2008): 217–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652008000200002.

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Cesium atomic beam clocks have been the workhorse for many demanding applications in science and technology for the past four decades. Tests of the fundamental laws of physics and the search for minute changes in fundamental constants, the synchronization of telecommunication networks, and realization of the satellite-based global positioning system would not be possible without atomic clocks. The adoption of optical cooling and trapping techniques, has produced a major advance in atomic clock precision. Cold-atom fountain and compact cold-atom clocks have also been developed. Measurement precision of a few parts in 10(15) has been demonstrated for a cold-atom fountain clock. We present here an overview of the time and frequency metrology program based on cesium atoms under development at USP São Carlos. This activity consists of construction and characterization of atomic-beam, and several variations of cold-atom clocks. We discuss the basic working principles, construction, evaluation, and important applications of atomic clocks in the Brazilian program.

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6

Vishveshwara, Smitha. "A glimpse of quantum phenomena in optical lattices." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 370, no. 1969 (June 28, 2012): 2916–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0248.

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Optical lattices in cold atomic systems offer an excellent setting for realizing quantum condensed matter phenomena. Here, a glimpse of such a setting is provided for the non-specialist. Some basic aspects of cold atomic gases and optical lattices are reviewed. Quantum many-body physics is explored in the case of interacting bosons on a lattice. Quantum behaviour in the presence of a potential landscape is examined for three different cases: a hexagonal lattice potential, a quasi-periodic potential and a disorder potential.

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7

Xiaojun Jiang, Xiaojun Jiang, Xiaolin Li Xiaolin Li, Haichao Zhang Haichao Zhang, and and Yuzhu Wang and Yuzhu Wang. "Smooth Archimedean-spiral ring waveguide for cold atomic gyroscope." Chinese Optics Letters 14, no. 7 (2016): 070201–70204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201614.070201.

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8

Ren, Wei, Tang Li, Qiuzhi Qu, Bin Wang, Lin Li, Desheng Lü, Weibiao Chen, and Liang Liu. "Development of a space cold atom clock." National Science Review 7, no. 12 (August 31, 2020): 1828–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwaa215.

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Abstract Atomic clocks with cold atoms play important roles in the field of fundamental physics as well as primary frequency standards. Operating such cold atom clocks in space paves the way for further exploration in fundamental physics, for example dark matter and general relativity. We developed a space cold atom clock (SCAC), which was launched into orbit with the Space Lab TG-2 in 2016. Before it deorbited with TG-2 in 2019, the SCAC had been working continuously for almost 3 years. During the period in orbit, many scientific experiments and engineering tests were performed. In this article, we summarize the principle, development and in-orbit results. These works provide the basis for construction of a space-borne time-frequency system in deep space.

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9

KELLER, JOCHEN, RALF HOFMANN, and FRANCESCO GIACOSA. "CORRELATION OF ENERGY DENSITY IN DECONFINING SU(2) YANG–MILLS THERMODYNAMICS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 23, no. 32 (December 30, 2008): 5181–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x08042535.

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We compute the two-point correlation of the energy density for the massless mode in deconfining SU(2) Yang–Mills thermodynamics and point towards a possible application for the physics of cold, dilute, and stable clouds of atomic hydrogen within the Milky Way.

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10

KETTERLE, WOLFGANG. "NEW FORMS OF QUANTUM MATTER NEAR ABSOLUTE ZERO TEMPERATURE." International Journal of Modern Physics D 16, no. 12b (December 2007): 2413–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271807011462.

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In my talk at the workshop on fundamental physics in space I described the nanokelvin revolution which has taken place in atomic physics. Nanokelvin temperatures have given us access to new physical phenomena including Bose–Einstein condensation, quantum reflection, and fermionic superfluidity in a gas. They also enabled new techniques of preparing and manipulating cold atoms. At low temperatures, only very weak forces are needed to control the motion of atoms. This gave rise to the development of miniaturized setups including atom chips. In Earth-based experiments, gravitational forces are dominant unless they are compensated by optical and magnetic forces. The following text describes the work which I used to illustrate the nanokelvin revolution in atomic physics. Strongest emphasis is given to superfluidity in fermionic atoms. This is a prime example of how ultracold atoms are used to create well-controlled strongly interacting systems and obtain new insight into many-body physics.

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11

SCHÄFER, THOMAS. "FROM TRAPPED ATOMS TO LIBERATED QUARKS." International Journal of Modern Physics E 16, no. 03 (April 2007): 853–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301307006332.

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We discuss some aspects of cold atomic gases in the unitarity limit that are of interest in connection with the physics of dense hadronic matter. We consider, in particular, the equation of state at zero temperature, the magnitude of the pairing gap, and the phase diagram at non-zero polarization.

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12

Bober, M., J. Zachorowski, W. Gawlik, P. Morzyński, M. Zawada, D. Lisak, A. Cygan, et al. "Precision spectroscopy of cold strontium atoms, towards optical atomic clock." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences 60, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 707–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10175-012-0082-x.

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Abstract This report concerns the experiment of precision spectroscopy of cold strontium atoms in the Polish National Laboratory of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics in Toruń. The system is composed of a Zeeman slower and magneto-optical traps (at 461 nm and 689 nm), a frequency comb, and a narrow-band laser locked to an ultra-stable optical cavity. All parts of the experiment are prepared and the first measurements of the absolute frequency of the 1S0-3P1, 689 nm optical transition in 88Sr atoms are performed.

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13

Cudell, J. R., and M. Khlopov. "Dark atoms with nuclear shell: A status review." International Journal of Modern Physics D 24, no. 13 (November 2015): 1545007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271815450078.

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Among dark atom scenarios, the simplest and most predictive one is that of O-helium (OHe) dark atoms, in which a leptonlike doubly charged particle O–– is bound to a primordial helium nucleus, and is the main constituent of dark matter. The OHe cosmology has several successes: it leads to a warmer-than-cold-dark matter scenario for large-scale-structure formation, it can provide an explanation for the excess in positron annihilation line in the galactic bulge and it may explain the results of direct dark matter searches. This model liberates the physics of dark atoms from many unknown features of new physics, but it is still not free from astrophysical uncertainties. It also demands a deeper understanding of the details of known nuclear and atomic physics, which are still somewhat unclear in the case of nuclear interacting “atomic” shells. These potential problems of the OHe scenario are also discussed.

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14

Liu, Chang, Ziqian Yue, Zitong Xu, Ming Ding, and Yueyang Zhai. "Far Off-Resonance Laser Frequency Stabilization Technology." Applied Sciences 10, no. 9 (May 7, 2020): 3255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10093255.

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In atomic physics experiments, a frequency-stabilized or ‘locked’ laser source is commonly required. Many established techniques are available for locking close to an atomic resonance. However, in many instances, such as atomic magnetometer and magic wavelength optical lattices in ultra-cold atoms, it is desirable to lock the frequency of the laser far away from the resonance. This review presents several far off-resonance laser frequency stabilization methods, by which the frequency of the probe beam can be locked on the detuning as far as several tens of gigahertz (GHz) away from atomic resonance line, and discusses existing challenges and possible future directions in this field.

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15

MA, X., X. H. CAI, X. L. ZHU, S. F. ZHANG, L. J. MENG, D. C. ZHANG, X. D. YANG, et al. "ATOMIC PHYSICS RESEARCHES AT COOLER STORAGE RING IN LANZHOU." International Journal of Modern Physics E 18, no. 02 (February 2009): 373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301309012410.

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The commissioning of the cooler storage rings (CSR) was successful, and the facility provides new possibilities for atomic physics with highly charged ions. Bare carbon, argon ions, were successfully stored in the main ring CSRm, cooled by cold electron beam, and accelerated up to 1 GeV/u. Heavier ions as Xe 44+ and Kr 28+ were also successfully stored in the CSRs. Both of the rings are equipped with new generation of electron coolers which can provide different electron beam density distributions. Electron-ion interactions, high precision X-ray spectroscopy, complete kinematical measurements for relativistic ion-atom collisions will be performed at CSRs. Laser cooling of heavy ions are planned as well. The physics programs and the present status will be summarized.

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16

Kliueva, V. P., and N. V. Mel’nikova. "TRAINING OF SPECIALISTS FOR THE SOVIET ATOMIC INDUSTRY IN THE MEMOIRS OF CONTEMPORARIES." VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII, no. 4(47) (December 30, 2019): 202–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20874/2071-0437-2019-47-4-17.

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The article considers the training of specialists, who worked in the Soviet atomic industry, covering the period from 1945 to the 1960s — from the initiation of the Soviet Atomic Project until the establishment of atomic energy as one of the leading branches of the Soviet industry. The present study is based on published memoirs of students majoring in atomic physics and biographical narrative interviews of atomic scientists who studied at the Lomonosov Moscow State University and the Moscow Engineering Physics Institute in the 1940s–1960s, conducted by one of the authors of the article. The training of atomic scientists consisted in the development of theoretical knowledge, as well as engineering and practical skills. The training was provided at various universities of the country, among which a prominent place was occupied by the Moscow State University, the Saint Petersburg State University, the Moscow Engineering Physics Institute and the Ural State Technical University along with the specialised faculties of other Soviet universities. The public mood (onset of the Cold War, romanticised image of an atomic scientist) and personal aptitudes of applicants (engineering and technical aptitudes) influenced the career choice. When selecting future atomic specialists, a number of «filters» were used, narrowing down the number of prospective candidates. Ideology, latent anti-Semitism and gender influenced student selection. The training of atomic scientists was conducted in secrecy, which was offset by various financial (high scholarship and, later, high salaries) and non-financial (being trained by outstanding scientists, professional fulfilment, patriotic feelings) incentives. The involvement of students during training in scientific and industrial activities resulted in an effective corps of atomic specialists. Following graduation, they worked in restricted-access cities (Arzamas-16, Chelyabinsk-70, etc.), as well as at research institutes exploring atomic issues.

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17

Liu Qian, 刘乾, 谢昱 Xie Yu, 李琳 Li Lin, 梁昂昂 Liang Ang’ang, 李文文 Li Wenwen, 程鹤楠 Cheng Henan, 方苏 Fang Su, 刘亮 Liu Liang, 汪斌 Wang Bin та 吕德胜 Lü Desheng. "基于红失谐高斯光束的冷原子束流长距离传输". Acta Optica Sinica 41, № 21 (2021): 2102001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos202141.2102001.

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18

Dunningham, Jacob, Keith Burnett, and William D. Phillips. "Bose–Einstein condensates and precision measurements." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 363, no. 1834 (July 28, 2005): 2165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2005.1636.

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An ongoing challenge in physics is to make increasingly accurate measurements of physical quantities. Bose–Einstein condensates in atomic gases are ideal candidates for use in precision measurement schemes since they are extremely cold and have laser-like coherence properties. In this paper, we review these two attributes and discuss how they could be exploited to improve the resolution in a range of different measurements.

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19

Ouyang Xinchuan, 欧阳鑫川, 胡青青 Hu Qingqing, 叶美凤 Ye Meifeng, 邓见辽 Deng Jianliao, 杨博文 Yang Bowen, 亓航航 Qi Hanghang, 肖玲 Xiao Ling, 万金银 Wan Jinyin та 成华东 Cheng Huadong. "一种用于冷原子重力仪的低相噪微波频综研制". Chinese Journal of Lasers 48, № 23 (2021): 2311001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl202148.2311001.

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20

Ball, Philip. "How cold atoms got hot: an interview with William Phillips." National Science Review 3, no. 2 (November 9, 2015): 201–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwv075.

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Abstract William Phillips of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Gaithersburg, Maryland, shared the 1997 Nobel Prize in physics for his work in developing laser methods for cooling and trapping atoms. Interactions between the light field and the atoms create what is dubbed an ‘optical molasses’ that slows the atoms down, thereby reducing their temperature to within a fraction of a degree of absolute zero. These techniques allow atoms to be studied with great precision, for example measuring their resonant frequencies for light absorption very accurately, so that these frequencies may supply very stable timing standards for atomic clocks. Besides applications in metrology, such cooling methods can also be used to study new fundamental physics. The 1997 Nobel award was widely considered to be a response to the first observation in 1995 of pure Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC), in which a collection of bosonic atoms all occupy a single quantum state. This quantum-mechanical effect only becomes possible at very low temperatures, and the team that achieved it, working at JILA operated jointly by the University of Colorado and NIST, used the techniques devised by Phillips and others. Since then, cold-atom physics has branched in many directions, among them being attempts to make a quantum computer (which would use logic operations based on quantum rules) from ultracold trapped atoms and ions. ‘National Science Review’ spoke with Phillips about the development and future potential of the field.

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21

Xie, Weibin, Qing Wang, Xuan He, Shengwei Fang, Zhichao Yuan, Xianghui Qi, and Xuzong Chen. "A cold cesium beam source based on a two-dimensional magneto-optical trap." AIP Advances 12, no. 7 (July 1, 2022): 075124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0099415.

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A beam source is proposed for the production of an intense cold cesium atomic beam that can be used in cesium beam atomic clocks. The source is based on a two-dimensional magneto-optical trap (2D-MOT), but introduces hollow cooling and pushing lights in the axial direction to create a 2D+-MOT, which separates the cooling and pushing functions while the low-power pushing light pushes atoms out to form a cold atomic beam. This cold cesium atomic beam source reduces the light shift due to leakage light and retains longitudinal cooling to increase the flux of the cold atomic beam compared with that of the conventional 2D+-MOT scheme. The specifics of the design are investigated, the atomic velocity and beam flux are calculated, and the results are experimentally verified. The results demonstrate that when the power of the pushing light is 180 µW and when its frequency resonates with the 4 → 5′ transition of the Cs D2 line, the most probable longitudinal velocity of the outgoing cold atomic beam, the width of velocity distribution, and the atomic beam flux are 19.38 m/s, 8.1 m/s, and 1.7 × 1010 atoms/s, respectively.

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22

Lundblad, Nathan, David C. Aveline, Robert J. Thompson, James M. Kohel, Jaime Ramirez-Serrano, William M. Klipstein, Daphna G. Enzer, Nan Yu, and Lute Maleki. "Two-species cold atomic beam." Journal of the Optical Society of America B 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josab.21.000003.

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23

Tino, G. M. "Cold atoms physics in space." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 113, no. 1-3 (December 2002): 289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-5632(02)01854-6.

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24

Hollberg, L., E. H. Cornell, and A. Abdelrahmann. "Optical atomic phase reference and timing." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 375, no. 2099 (June 26, 2017): 20160241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0241.

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Atomic clocks based on laser-cooled atoms have made tremendous advances in both accuracy and stability. However, advanced clocks have not found their way into widespread use because there has been little need for such high performance in real-world/commercial applications. The drive in the commercial world favours smaller, lower-power, more robust compact atomic clocks that function well in real-world non-laboratory environments. Although the high-performance atomic frequency references are useful to test Einstein's special relativity more precisely, there are not compelling scientific arguments to expect a breakdown in special relativity. On the other hand, the dynamics of gravity, evidenced by the recent spectacular results in experimental detection of gravity waves by the LIGO Scientific Collaboration, shows dramatically that there is new physics to be seen and understood in space–time science. Those systems require strain measurements at less than or equal to 10 −20 . As we discuss here, cold atom optical frequency references are still many orders of magnitude away from the frequency stability that should be achievable with narrow-linewidth quantum transitions and large numbers of very cold atoms, and they may be able to achieve levels of phase stability, Δ Φ / Φ total ≤ 10 −20 , that could make an important impact in gravity wave science. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Quantum technology for the 21st century’.

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25

ZHAI, HUI. "SPIN-ORBIT COUPLED QUANTUM GASES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 26, no. 01 (January 10, 2012): 1230001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979212300010.

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In this review we will discuss the experimental and theoretical progresses in studying spin–orbit coupled degenerate atomic gases during the last two years. We shall first review a series of pioneering experiments in generating synthetic gauge potentials and spin–orbit coupling in atomic gases by engineering atom-light interaction. Realization of spin–orbit coupled quantum gases opens a new avenue in cold atom physics, and also brings out a lot of new physical problems. In particular, the interplay between spin–orbit coupling and inter-atomic interaction leads to many intriguing phenomena. By reviewing recent theoretical studies of both interacting bosons and fermions with isotropic Rashba spin–orbit coupling, the key message delivered here is that spin–orbit coupling can enhance the interaction effects, and make the interaction effects much more dramatic even in the weakly interacting regime.

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26

Patsyuk, Maria, Or Hen, and Eliezer Piasetzky. "Exclusive studies on short range correlations in nuclei." EPJ Web of Conferences 204 (2019): 01016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201920401016.

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Short Range Correlations (SRC) are brief fluctuations of high relative momentum nucleon pairs. Properties of SRC have important consequences for nuclear physics, high energy physics, atomic physics, and astrophysics. SRC pairs form some of the densest states of cold matter achievable on Earth, making them an ideal system to study the partonic and nucleonic degrees of freedom in nuclear systems. Hard exclusive breakup reactions, where high-energy probes scatter on SRC pairs, are used to study such properties of SRC pairs as isospin decomposition, nuclear mass and asymmetry dependence, c.m. momentum distribution. Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab) plays a key role in the SRC program. CLAS (CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer), located in Hall B at JLab, has almost 4π coverage and is capable of measuring exclusive reactions of the type A(e, e’pp). We will discuss the recent experimental results from JLab and future experiments planned at JLab as well as at JINR.

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27

Kholmetskii, A. L., and T. Yarman. "Bound States of Light Hydrogen-Like Atoms and the Possibility of Cold Nuclear Transformations." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 73, no. 7 (July 26, 2018): 565–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2018-0090.

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AbstractWe point out that numerous experimental facts dealing with the observation of nuclear transformations in a condensed matter at room temperature remain totally unexplained till date. In the present article we open up a principal way to understand such phenomena in the framework of pure bound field theory (PBFT) that we developed earlier (e.g. Kholmetskii AL. et al. Eur. Phys. J. Plus 2011;126:33, Eur. Phys. J. Plus 2011;126:35). In this theory, we explicitly take into account the non-radiating nature of the electromagnetic field of quantum bound particles in stationary states, which leads to the corresponding corrections of basic equations of atomic physics, with further elimination of the available subtle deviations between experimental and theoretical data in precise physics of light hydrogen-like atoms. In the present paper we have once more analysed the principal prediction of PBFT, which allows the existence of the second stationary energy state in the bound system “proton plus electron” (next to the usual hydrogen atoms). This new stationary state is characterised by the unusually small averaged radius of about 2α2rB≈5 fm (where rB is the Bohr radius, and α is the fine structure constant), and a huge (in the atomic scale) value of the binding energy about –255 keV. We named this bound system as the “neutronic hydrogen”, because in many processes of its interaction with matter, it is practically indistinguishable from the neutron. The latter circumstance opens up the principal way to understand numerous puzzling facts of low-temperature nuclear synthesis.

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28

Cazalilla, M. A. "Bosonizing one-dimensional cold atomic gases." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 37, no. 7 (March 24, 2004): S1—S47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/37/7/051.

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29

Lewis, Ben, Rachel Elvin, Aidan S. Arnold, Erling Riis, and Paul F. Griffin. "A grating-chip atomic fountain." Applied Physics Letters 121, no. 16 (October 17, 2022): 164001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0115382.

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Cold atom fountain clocks provide exceptional long term stability as they increase interrogation time at the expense of a larger size. We present a compact cold atom fountain using a grating magneto-optical trap to laser cool and launch the atoms in a simplified optical setup. The fountain is evaluated using coherent population trapping and demonstrates improved single-shot stability from the launch. Ramsey times up to 100 ms were measured with a corresponding fringe linewidth of 5 Hz. This technique could improve both short- and long-term stabilities of cold atom clocks while remaining compact for portable applications.

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30

Wang, Xiao-Jia, Yan-Ying Feng, Hong-Bo Xue, Zhao-Ying Zhou, and Wen-Dong Zhang. "A cold 87 Rb atomic beam." Chinese Physics B 20, no. 12 (December 2011): 126701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/20/12/126701.

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31

Zhang, Ke-ye, Lu Zhou, Guang-jiong Dong, and Wei-ping Zhang. "Cavity optomechanics with cold atomic gas." Frontiers of Physics 6, no. 3 (January 14, 2011): 237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11467-011-0164-5.

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32

Mil, Alexander, Torsten V. Zache, Apoorva Hegde, Andy Xia, Rohit P. Bhatt, Markus K. Oberthaler, Philipp Hauke, Jürgen Berges, and Fred Jendrzejewski. "A scalable realization of local U(1) gauge invariance in cold atomic mixtures." Science 367, no. 6482 (March 5, 2020): 1128–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz5312.

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In the fundamental laws of physics, gauge fields mediate the interaction between charged particles. An example is the quantum theory of electrons interacting with the electromagnetic field, based on U(1) gauge symmetry. Solving such gauge theories is in general a hard problem for classical computational techniques. Although quantum computers suggest a way forward, large-scale digital quantum devices for complex simulations are difficult to build. We propose a scalable analog quantum simulator of a U(1) gauge theory in one spatial dimension. Using interspecies spin-changing collisions in an atomic mixture, we achieve gauge-invariant interactions between matter and gauge fields with spin- and species-independent trapping potentials. We experimentally realize the elementary building block as a key step toward a platform for quantum simulations of continuous gauge theories.

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33

Morrison, S., A. Kantian, A. J. Daley, H. G. Katzgraber, M. Lewenstein, H. P. Büchler, and P. Zoller. "Physical replicas and the Bose glass in cold atomic gases." New Journal of Physics 10, no. 7 (July 16, 2008): 073032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/10/7/073032.

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34

Hiraka, H., and S. Ji. "Cold neutron triple-axis spectrometer (Cold TAS) at HANARO." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 06 (June 1, 2022): T06004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/06/t06004.

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Abstract A cold neutron triple-axis spectrometer (Cold TAS) has been installed in HANARO at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, South Korea. It has been designed for high-resolution inelastic-neutron-scattering (INS) measurements of spin and lattice dynamics using a neutron velocity selector (NVS) for incident cold neutrons. We evaluated the wavelength resolution and harmonics filtration of the NVS and verified the vertical focusing effects of the pyrolytic-graphite crystal monochromator. The beam flux at the sample position and the spectrometer resolution, which are key factors in INS experiments, attained the typical TAS specification. Finally, we exemplified INS spectra to show the current performance of the high-resolution mode and magnetic-excitation measurements.

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35

Nowicka, D., B. Bergmann, G. Bonomi, R. S. Brusa, P. Burian, A. Camper, R. Caravita, et al. "Control system for ion Penning traps at the AEgIS experiment at CERN." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2374, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2374/1/012038.

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The AEgIS experiment located at the Antiproton Decelerator at CERN aims to measure the gravitational fall of a cold antihydrogen pulsed beam. The precise observation of the antiatoms in the Earth gravitational field requires a controlled production and manipulation of antihydrogen. The neutral antimatter is obtained via a charge exchange reaction between a cold plasma of antiprotons from ELENA decelerator and a pulse of Rydberg positronium atoms. The current custom electronics designed to operate the 5 and 1 T Penning traps are going to be replaced by a control system based on the ARTIQ & Sinara open hardware and software ecosystem. This solution is present in many atomic, molecular and optical physics experiments and devices such as quantum computers. We report the status of the implementation as well as the main features of the new control system.

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36

Labeyrie, G., R. Kaiser, and D. Delande. "Radiation trapping in a cold atomic gas." Applied Physics B 81, no. 7 (November 2005): 1001–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00340-005-2015-y.

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37

Chen, H., and E. Riis. "Cold atomic beam from a rubidium funnel." Applied Physics B 70, no. 5 (May 2000): 665–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003400050878.

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38

Szichman, H., D. Salzmann, and A. D. Krumbein. "Radiative transport and preheat calculations of laser irradiated aluminum targets." Laser and Particle Beams 4, no. 3-4 (August 1986): 403–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026303460000207x.

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Calculations of the preheat of the cold region of an aluminum target by X-rays from the coronal region are presented. The computation was carried out by means of our 1-D hydrodynamics code, PLASMOR, which takes into consideration non-LTE steady state atomic physics. The radiation from the plasma is divided into 40 energy groups: 20 continuous groups (recombination + bremsstrahlung) from hv = 300 eV up to hv = 100 keV, and 20 lines, mainly (but not only) He-like and H-like lines. The hot coronal region is assumed to be optically thin to all radiation. The photoabsorption in the cold portion proceeds through the photo-ionization effect, and variations with density and temperature are taken into account by means of a simplified model. Black body radiative transport in the cold portion is also included. The effects of the radiation on the shock wave propagation as well as its influence on the density and temperature distribution in the shock compressed region were studied for trapezoidal and Gaussian laser pulse shapes.

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39

Rozhdestvensky, Yu V. "Cold atomic beams of high brightness." Quantum Electronics 34, no. 11 (November 30, 2004): 1064–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qe2004v034n11abeh002919.

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40

Magkiriadou, Sofia, David Patterson, Timothée Nicolas, and John M. Doyle. "Cold, optically dense gases of atomic rubidium." New Journal of Physics 13, no. 2 (February 3, 2011): 023012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/13/2/023012.

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41

Usui, A., B. Buča, and J. Mur-Petit. "Quantum probe spectroscopy for cold atomic systems." New Journal of Physics 20, no. 10 (October 10, 2018): 103006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/aae418.

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42

Walser, R., E. Goldobin, O. Crasser, D. Koelle, R. Kleiner, and W. P. Schleich. "Semifluxons in superconductivity and cold atomic gases." New Journal of Physics 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2008): 045020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/10/4/045020.

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43

Savoie, D., M. Altorio, B. Fang, L. A. Sidorenkov, R. Geiger, and A. Landragin. "Interleaved atom interferometry for high-sensitivity inertial measurements." Science Advances 4, no. 12 (December 2018): eaau7948. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau7948.

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Cold-atom inertial sensors target several applications in navigation, geoscience, and tests of fundamental physics. Achieving high sampling rates and high inertial sensitivities, obtained with long interrogation times, represents a challenge for these applications. We report on the interleaved operation of a cold-atom gyroscope, where three atomic clouds are interrogated simultaneously in an atom interferometer featuring a sampling rate of 3.75 Hz and an interrogation time of 801 ms. Interleaving improves the inertial sensitivity by efficiently averaging vibration noise and allows us to perform dynamic rotation measurements in a so far unexplored range. We demonstrate a stability of 3 × 10−10 rad s−1 , which competes with the best stability levels obtained with fiber-optic gyroscopes. Our work validates interleaving as a key concept for future atom-interferometry sensors probing time-varying signals, as in on-board navigation and gravity gradiometry, searches for dark matter, or gravitational wave detection.

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44

Ackemann, Thorsten, Guillaume Labeyrie, Giuseppe Baio, Ivor Krešić, Josh G. M. Walker, Adrian Costa Boquete, Paul Griffin, et al. "Self-Organization in Cold Atoms Mediated by Diffractive Coupling." Atoms 9, no. 3 (June 23, 2021): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms9030035.

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This article discusses self-organization in cold atoms via light-mediated interactions induced by feedback from a single retro-reflecting mirror. Diffractive dephasing between the pump beam and the spontaneous sidebands selects the lattice period. Spontaneous breaking of the rotational and translational symmetry occur in the 2D plane transverse to the pump. We elucidate how diffractive ripples couple sites on the self-induced atomic lattice. The nonlinear phase shift of the atomic cloud imprinted onto the optical beam is the parameter determining coupling strength. The interaction can be tailored to operate either on external degrees of freedom leading to atomic crystallization for thermal atoms and supersolids for a quantum degenerate gas, or on internal degrees of freedom like populations of the excited state or Zeeman sublevels. Using the light polarization degrees of freedom on the Poincaré sphere (helicity and polarization direction), specific irreducible tensor components of the atomic Zeeman states can be coupled leading to spontaneous magnetic ordering of states of dipolar and quadrupolar nature. The requirements for critical interaction strength are compared for the different situations. Connections and extensions to longitudinally pumped cavities, counterpropagating beam schemes and the CARL instability are discussed.

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45

Gorbanev, Yury, Jonas Van der Paal, Wilma Van Boxem, Sylvia Dewilde, and Annemie Bogaerts. "Reaction of chloride anion with atomic oxygen in aqueous solutions: can cold plasma help in chemistry research?" Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 8 (2019): 4117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp07550f.

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46

Juzeliūnas, G., and P. Öhberg. "Slow light in ultra-cold atomic gases." Journal of Luminescence 110, no. 4 (December 2004): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2004.08.007.

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47

Mazhir, Sabah N., Nisreen Kh Abdalameer, Laith A. Yaaqoob, and Jwan Kh Hammood. "Cold plasma synthesis of Zinc Selenide Nanoparticles for inhibition bacteria using disc diffusion." Physics and Chemistry of Solid State 23, no. 4 (November 5, 2022): 652–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/pcss.23.4.652-658.

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Zinc Selenide Nanoparticles (NPs) were fabricated by the aqueous techneque using cold plasma under atmospheric pressure with an exposure time of 3 min and a gas flow rate of 3 liters per minute. films' structural characteristics and morphological characterization were investigated by X-ray diffract meter, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). In addition, parameter like crystal size were calculated. Results showed XRD patterns exhibits structure of polycrystalline of preferential orientation (111) direction. SEM technique shows that the nanoparticles presented are spherical. AFM image verified film formed spherical particles distribute uniformly. The antibacterial disc diffusion property of these Nanoparticles, was performed against Gram-negative bacteria of Escherichia coli and Gram-positive bacteria of Staphylococcus aureos, showing good control of said bacteria. The maximum level of inhibition in coli form bacteria with an average inhibition zone diameter with stapheloscous aureous, implying an increasing trend with increasing/decreasing loading volume of NC volume. Therefore, these nanomaterials, which can be prepared in a simple and cost-effective way, may be suitable for new types of germicidal materials.

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48

Baym, Gordon. "BCS FROM NUCLEI AND NEUTRON STARS TO QUARK MATTER AND COLD ATOMS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 24, no. 20n21 (August 30, 2010): 3968–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979210056414.

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49

HUGHES, J. "Deconstructing the bomb: recent perspectives on nuclear history." British Journal for the History of Science 37, no. 4 (December 2004): 455–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087404006168.

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John Canaday,The Nuclear Muse: Literature, Physics, and the First Atomic Bombs. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2000. Pp. xviii+310. ISBN 0-299-16854-9. £19.50.Septimus H. Paul,Nuclear Rivals: Anglo-American Atomic Relations 1941–1952. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2000. Pp. ix+266. ISBN 0-8142-0852-5. £31.95.Peter Bacon Hales,Atomic Spaces: Living on the Manhattan Project. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1997. Pp. 448. ISBN 0-252-02296-3. £22.00.A decade after the end of the Cold War, the culture and technology of nuclear weapons had lost much of the overt sense of dread they once inspired. The decline in international tension following the end of the communist regimes of the Soviet bloc produced a massive shift in the ideology of the nuclear in the 1990s. The de-targeting and dismantling of large numbers of nuclear weapons and the demise of the threat of nuclear annihilation created new conditions both for international security and for the writing of nuclear history. With the declassification and release of large quantities of official documentation from the former adversaries, as well as the fiftieth anniversary of the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1995, a burst of histories of various aspects of the nuclear age have appeared over the last ten years, exploring not just the technopolitics, strategy and operational logistics of the Cold War and the arms race, but the cultural history of the nuclear age, its imagery, its architecture, its oppositional politics and its effects on the landscape, national and regional economies and cultures and indeed everyday life. At a time of global economic and political uncertainty and the emergent threat of capricious international terrorism and new nuclear proliferation, the apparent certainties of the Cold War now even evoke a certain nostalgia, and its artefacts and structures are being recast as ‘heritage’.

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50

Suominen, Kalle-Antti. "Theories for cold atomic collisions in light fields." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 29, no. 24 (December 28, 1996): 5981–6007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/29/24/008.

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