Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Cold and humid continental climate"
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Статті в журналах з теми "Cold and humid continental climate":
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Vivian, Jacopo, Philipp Heer, and Massimo Fiorentini. "Effect of climate on the optimal sizing and operation of seasonal ice storage systems." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2600, no. 8 (November 1, 2023): 082021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2600/8/082021.
Анотація:
Abstract Seasonal thermal storage systems can reduce the temporal mismatch between renewable energy availability and energy demand. Ice storage systems exhibit a non-linear behaviour in the heat exchange and storage processes, complicating the formulation of optimal design and operation problems. In this work, we propose a mixed-integer quadratically-constrained programming formulation, which minimizes the Levelized Cost of Energy for space heating and cooling, including sizing of a supporting PV array. The optimization was repeated for different storage volumes, finding the system optimal operation in each case –and thereby the optimal system sizing. The heating and cooling demands were computed from an archetypal office building, placed in three reference locations with cold and semi-arid, warm and humid continental, and temperate and humid continental climates. Results show that the optimal PV size decreases with growing ice storage volume, and an ice storage works best in a temperate continental climate, covering up to 47% of the cooling demand with a 250 m 3 storage.
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Buric, Dragan, Milan Milenkovic, and Vladan Ducic. "The specificities of the climate of Danilovgrad (Montenegro)." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 99, no. 1 (2019): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd1901019b.
Анотація:
Danilovgrad and the Bjelopavlica Plain belong to the submediterranean zone of the Mediterranean climate region. The aim of this paper was to determine some specific characteristics of the Danilovgrad climate, such as the degree of continentality, aridity and bioclimatic characteristics. Data used in the research cover the period 1955-2011. The results of the study showed the dominance of the continental effect on temperature, while oceanicity was less pronounced. In hygric terms, during most of the year the climate of Danilovgrad is characterized as low humid to perhumid. Moreover, in the period October-March it is very humid, which points to the domination of oceanic influences. During the three summer months, it is dry to very dry. Based on the average monthly values of the equivalent temperature - an indicator of physiological (subjective) feeling of heat, the winter months in Danilovgrad are not assessed as very cold. It is cold in January, and in February and December it is cool. It is fresh in March and November, comfortable in April and October, and warm in May and September. In Danilovgrad, in summer it is overheated and a little muggy. All considered indicators point to quite pronounced oscillations during the year, especially in terms of humidity. Comparing the obtained results with Podgorica, it can be concluded that the climate of Danilovgrad is more continental, a bit colder and wetter.
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Khan, Saifullah, and Mahmood Ul Hasan. "Climate Classification of Pakistan." International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 10, no. 2 (September 4, 2019): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ijeeg.vol10.iss2.2019.264.
Анотація:
The research covenants amid the evaluation and analysis of the weather data in regards to mean monthlytemperature, precipitation, rainy days, relative humidity, wind direction, atmospheric pressure, evaporation, solarradiation and with the literature cited. The components getting fluctuation in the atmospheric condition comprise ofglobal location, vicinity to ocean, geomorphic reliefs and continental extent, maritime affects, forests and landuse.Based on the daily and monthly temperature, the study area has divided into five localities consisting of hot, warm,mild, cool, and cold. Besides, the five precipitation zones namely arid, semi-arid, sub-humid, humid andundifferentiated highlands have been distinguished during course of work. Generally, eastern longitudes of the countryget substantial downpours amid summers (monsoon season). Though the western areas in winters excluding GilgitBaltistan, where it is from local thunderstorms. Pakistan encounters four precipitation seasons namely winter, premonsoon, monsoon, and post monsoon rainfall. Because of sub-tropical vicinity, the country has experienced twofundamental seasons explicitly winter and summer. Generally, the summer period goes on for five months in mountainsand seven months in plains, whilst the winter period differs for seven months in mountains and five months in plains.The stated two essential rainy periods are auxiliary sub-isolated into four sub-spells to be precisely hot, warm, monsoonand cold season. Based on appropriation and fluctuation of climate variables, Pakistan is classified in five macro areasthat auxiliary sub-curved up into 18 meso and 46 micro scale climate regions.
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Khan, Saifullah, and Mahmood Ul Hasan. "Climate Classification of Pakistan." International Journal of Economic and Environmental Geology 10, no. 2 (September 4, 2019): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.46660/ojs.v10i2.264.
Анотація:
The research covenants amid the evaluation and analysis of the weather data in regards to mean monthlytemperature, precipitation, rainy days, relative humidity, wind direction, atmospheric pressure, evaporation, solarradiation and with the literature cited. The components getting fluctuation in the atmospheric condition comprise ofglobal location, vicinity to ocean, geomorphic reliefs and continental extent, maritime affects, forests and landuse.Based on the daily and monthly temperature, the study area has divided into five localities consisting of hot, warm,mild, cool, and cold. Besides, the five precipitation zones namely arid, semi-arid, sub-humid, humid andundifferentiated highlands have been distinguished during course of work. Generally, eastern longitudes of the countryget substantial downpours amid summers (monsoon season). Though the western areas in winters excluding GilgitBaltistan, where it is from local thunderstorms. Pakistan encounters four precipitation seasons namely winter, premonsoon, monsoon, and post monsoon rainfall. Because of sub-tropical vicinity, the country has experienced twofundamental seasons explicitly winter and summer. Generally, the summer period goes on for five months in mountainsand seven months in plains, whilst the winter period differs for seven months in mountains and five months in plains.The stated two essential rainy periods are auxiliary sub-isolated into four sub-spells to be precisely hot, warm, monsoonand cold season. Based on appropriation and fluctuation of climate variables, Pakistan is classified in five macro areasthat auxiliary sub-curved up into 18 meso and 46 micro scale climate regions.
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Ananko, T. V., D. E. Konyushkov, and M. I. Gerasimova. "Palevye soils with a bleached horizon developing from carbonate-free rocks in the classification System of Russian Soils." Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, no. 87 (March 1, 2017): 22–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2017-87-22-38.
Анотація:
The position of palevye soils with differentiated profiles and with podzolized horizons developing from carbonate-free rocks under conditions of the cold extremely continental semihumid climate in the permafrost zone of Central Siberia in the New Russian Classification system is analyzed. The profile of these soils consists of the raw-humus horizon, bleached podzolic or eluvial horizon, and iron-illuvial or clay-illuvial horizon with some features typical of the metamorphic pale soils. According to the character of their middle-profile horizons, they can be attributed to the orders of Al-Fe-humus soils (sandy and loamy sandy varieties) and texture-differentiated soils (loamy sandy and clay loamy varieties). According to the character of their organic profiles, they can be separated as raw-humus subtypes among podzols and podzolic soils, respectively. Their specific regional characteristics - a tendency for the formation of a cryohumus horizon, clay illuviation, iron illuviation, and specific pale metamorphism of the mineral mass (pale metamorphized) (clay-illuvial subtype) - are also reflected at the subtype level. These characteristics can be present in different combinations reflected in the corresponding names of complex subtypes. In the geographical space, these soils form a transition from typical pale soils of the cold ultracontinental semiarid climate to the soils of cold moderately continental humid climate.
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Burjachs, Francesc, and Ramon Julià. "Abrupt Climatic Changes during the Last Glaciation Based on Pollen Analysis of the Abric Romani, Catalonia, Spain." Quaternary Research 42, no. 3 (November 1994): 308–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1994.1081.
Анотація:
AbstractThe Abric Romani continental pollen record provides evidence of abrupt climate variations during the last glaciation. The pollen record reveals a pattern of high-frequency variations similar to that in ice cores as shown by oxygen isotopes or dust content. Analyses of 14 travertine samples yield coherent U-series ages in correct stratigraphic order, ranging from 40,000 to 70,000 yr. According to changes in the composition and structure of the vegetation, five paleoclimatic phases have been differentiated; the oldest, ranging from 70,200 to 65,500 yr ago, records thermophilous taxa which correspond to the last warm events of isotopic stage 5. The next phase, from 65,500 to 56,800 yr, records a cold, humid climate that correlates with isotope stage 4. During the third phase, from 56,800 to 49,500 yr, relatively warm and cold events alternate. The fourth phase, from 49,500 to 46,200 yr, records a cold, dry climate. The fifth phase, ranging from 46,200 to 40,800 yr, records a milder phase that is similar in appearance to the beginning of the Holocene.
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Lamy, Frank, Dierk Hebbeln, and Gerold Wefer. "High-Resolution Marine Record of Climatic Change in Mid-latitude Chile during the Last 28,000 Years Based on Terrigenous Sediment Parameters." Quaternary Research 51, no. 1 (January 1999): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1998.2010.
Анотація:
AbstractMarine sediment cores from the continental slope off mid-latitude Chile (33°S) were studied with regard to grain-size distributions and clay mineral composition. The data provide a 28,000-yr14C accelerator mass spectrometry-dated record of variations in the terrigenous sediment supply reflecting modifications of weathering conditions and sediment source areas in the continental hinterland. These variations can be interpreted in terms of the paleoclimatic evolution of mid-latitude Chile and are compared to existing terrestrial records. Glacial climates (28,000–18,000 cal yr B.P.) were generally cold–humid with a cold–semiarid interval between 26,000 and 22,000 cal yr B.P. The deglaciation was characterized by a trend toward more arid conditions. During the middle Holocene (8000–4000 cal yr B.P.), comparatively stable climatic conditions prevailed with increased aridity in the Coastal Range. The late Holocene (4000–0 cal yr B.P.) was marked by more variable paleoclimates with generally more humid conditions. Variations of rainfall in mid-latitude Chile are most likely controlled by shifts of the latitudinal position of the Southern Westerlies. Compared to the Holocene, the southern westerly wind belt was located significantly farther north during the last glacial maximum. Less important variations of the latitudinal position of the Southern Westerlies also occurred on shorter time scales.
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Zhang, Ningning, Pengyu Cao, Lijing Zhao, Lin Wang, Wangshu Shao, and Rongyu Li. "Effect of temperature fluctuations in cold seasons on acute myocardial infarction hospitalisations in northeast China: a retrospective observational cohort study." BMJ Open 13, no. 11 (November 2023): e073528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073528.
Анотація:
ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the potential influence of ambient temperature on the incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).DesignA retrospective observational cohort study.SettingChangchun, a northeastern city in China, has a temperate continental humid climate.Participants1933 AMI patients admitted to the outpatient department of the First Hospital of Jilin University were included in the study from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2019.Outcome measureWe explored the effect of daily minimum and maximum temperatures, as well as temperature changes on two adjacent days, on the incidence of daily AMI from 1 to 5 days later in Changchun.ResultsWe found that the average daily number of AMI cases was higher from October to April in cold season compared with the period between May and September in warm season. When the daily maximum temperature is ≤−6°C on the −2nd day, the incidence of AMI>3 persons more than doubled (from 8.51% and 10.88% to 20.23%) in the next 2 days (p=0.027); and more than 65% of the days had a maximum temperature fluctuation on |(−2nd day) − (−3rd day)| ≥2°C in these days, the OR of the daily incidence of AMI>3 persons is 3.107 (p=0.018); and in these days with enhanced temperature fluctuations, the proportion of AMI patients with hypertension had increased significantly from 20.83% to 45.39% (p=0.023).ConclusionAmbient temperature as environmental factor has a seasonal effect on the incidence of AMI in temperate continental humid climate regions, with a 2–3 days lag. Furthermore, the key factor contributing to the increase in the daily incidence of AMI during the cold season is temperature fluctuations, and maintaining a constant temperature may aid in preventing the occurrence of AMI.Trial registration numberChiCTR2300068294.
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Zibzeev, E. G. "High-mountain vegetation of the southern macro-slope of Academician Obruchev Range (East Tuva Plateau)." Vegetation of Russia, no. 12 (2008): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2008.12.3.
Анотація:
The Academician Obruchev Range is situated between Central Asian and the South Siberian high mountains. Residual influence of western moist air masses, constant influence of southern anticyclone in summer and northern one in winter form the semi-humid climate type of this region. The altitudinal belt vegetation structure of the western and central part of the southern macroslope of the Academician Obruchev Range belong to the East-Tuva semi-humid continental type. The upper limit of forests lies at the altitude about 1800 meters above s. l. The high-mountain belt is subdivided into two flora-coenotic complexes: the lower one (1800—2000 meters above s. l.) with domination of moss–Betula rotundifolia shrub tundras and light forests, and the higher one (2000—2200 meters above s. l.) with lichen, dryad, crowberry and grass tundras prevalence. The plant communities belong to 19 associations, 9 formations, 8 florocoenotypes and 3 ecological-historical series. The cryohemixerophilous ecological-historical community series of mountain genesis, that were formed in moderately dry and cold environments, occupy the leading positions in high-mountain vegetation structure. The most widely spread communities of cryo-mesophilous ecological-historical series are light Pinus sibirica forests.
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Riechelmann, S., D. Buhl, A. Schröder-Ritzrau, D. F. C. Riechelmann, D. K. Richter, H. B. Vonhof, J. A. Wassenburg, A. Geske, C. Spötl, and A. Immenhauser. "The magnesium isotope record of cave carbonate archives." Climate of the Past 8, no. 6 (November 20, 2012): 1849–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1849-2012.
Анотація:
Abstract. Here we explore the potential of magnesium (δ26Mg) isotope time-series data as continental climate proxies in speleothem calcite archives. For this purpose, a total of six Pleistocene and Holocene stalagmites from caves in Germany, Morocco and Peru and two flowstones from a cave in Austria were investigated. These caves represent the semi-arid to arid (Morocco), the warm-temperate (Germany), the equatorial-humid (Peru) and the cold-humid (Austria) climate zones. Changes in the calcite magnesium isotope signature with time are compared against carbon and oxygen isotope records from these speleothems. Similar to other proxies, the non-trivial interaction of a number of environmental, equilibrium and disequilibrium processes governs the δ26Mg fractionation in continental settings. These include the different sources of magnesium isotopes such as rainwater or snow as well as soil and host rock, soil zone biogenic activity, shifts in silicate versus carbonate weathering ratios and residence time of water in the soil and karst zone. Pleistocene stalagmites from Morocco show the lowest mean δ26Mg values (GDA: −4.26 ± 0.07‰ and HK3: −4.17 ± 0.15‰), and the data are well explained in terms of changes in aridity over time. The Pleistocene to Holocene stalagmites from Peru show the highest mean value of all stalagmites (NC-A and NC-B δ26Mg: −3.96 ± 0.04‰) but only minor variations in Mg-isotope composition, which is consistent with the rather stable equatorial climate at this site. Holocene stalagmites from Germany (AH-1 mean δ26Mg: −4.01 ± 0.07‰; BU 4 mean δ26Mg: −4.20 ± 0.10‰) suggest changes in outside air temperature was the principal driver rather than rainfall amount. The alpine Pleistocene flowstones from Austria (SPA 52: −3.00 ± 0.73‰; SPA 59: −3.70 ± 0.43‰) are affected by glacial versus interglacial climate change with outside air temperature affecting soil zone activity and weathering balance. Several δ26Mg values of the Austrian and two δ26Mg values of the German speleothems are shifted to higher values due to sampling in detrital layers (Mg-bearing clay minerals) of the speleothems. The data and their interpretation shown here highlight the potential but also the limitations of the magnesium isotope proxy applied in continental climate research. An obvious potential lies in its sensitivity for even subtle changes in soil-zone parameters, a hitherto rather poorly understood but extremely important component in cave archive research. Limitations are most obvious in the low resolution and high sample amount needed for analysis. Future research should focus on experimental and conceptual aspects including quantitative and well-calibrated leaching and precipitation experiments.
Дисертації з теми "Cold and humid continental climate":
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Ravelojaona, Nomena. "Evaluation of STICS model performance for long-term simulation of biomass production and nitrogen nutrition of spring barley and timothy cultivated in two important agricultural regions in Quebec (Canada)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023BORD0503.
Анотація:
L’orge de printemps (Hordeum vulgare L.) et la fléole des prés (Phleum pratense L.) sont des cultures de première importance économique pour la Province du Québec et d’autres régions de climat continental froid et humide (Amérique du Nord, les pays nordiques…). Les modèles sol-culture sont des outils puissants capables de calculer de nombreuses variables d’intérêt agronomique et environnemental. Ils sont conçus pour simuler les interactions complexes entre les cultures, l'eau et l'azote (N) du sol dans le continuum sol–plante–atmosphère. Entre autres modèles, STICS est un modèle sol–culture basé sur les processus, qui a été développé initialement pour des conditions agropédoclimatiques de régions tempérées. Cependant, étant un modèle générique, il est possible de l’adapter aux conditions d’autres agrosystèmes.Les objectifs de cette thèse étaient d’analyser et d’élargir le domaine d’application de STICS à ces deux cultures d’importance économique cultivées dans des conditions agropédoclimatiques de la province de Québec et d’évaluer les performances prédictives du modèle sur des simulations sur le long terme. Cette thèse est une contribution à l’étude de la généricité de STICS pour des agrosystèmes québécois. Outre le contexte climatique, l’originalité de ce travail porte sur les cultures étudiées, orge de printemps et fléole des prés, et le nombre d’années successives de simulations en continu (sans réinitialisation annuelle). Les performances prédictives de STICS ont été analysées pour la production de biomasse aérienne annuelle, sa teneur en N et la quantité de N exporté pour i) une monoculture d’orge de printemps de 31 ans cultivée avec deux modes de travail du sol et fertilisée avec deux sources de N différentes (engrais azoté minéral et lisier de vaches laitières) ; et ii) une prairie de fléole des prés de 8 ans, fertilisée chaque année avec quatre doses d’engrais azoté minéral (0, 60, 120, 180 kg N ha-1). Nous avons utilisé les bases de données de deux dispositifs expérimentaux au champ d’Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada.Pour la monoculture d’orge, la procédure de calibration de STICS a nécessité l'ajustement des paramètres de cultivar en particulier, confirmant ainsi la généricité de la plupart des paramètres des plantes définis dans STICS. Les valeurs simulées sur une période de 31 ans se sont révélées être correctement en accord avec les valeurs observées des variables d’intérêt pour les différents traitements, mais avec une plus grande dispersion pour la nutrition azotée. Les résultats de la simulation des attributs de la production végétale au moment de la récolte étaient plus précis pour les années où les précipitations étaient proches de la normale. Pour la prairie de fléole des prés suivie pendant 8 ans, la correspondance entre les valeurs observées et simulées était satisfaisante pour la première coupe effectuée au printemps. STICS a correctement simulé l'effet positif de la dose de fertilisation azotée sur la production de biomasse et la nutrition azotée des plantes. Néanmoins, les valeurs simulées étaient surestimées par le modèle en l’absence de fertilisation azotée. Si l’on excepte cette situation très particulière, non représentative des pratiques agronomiques, les performances de STICS sont donc satisfaisantes dans le contexte dans le contexte des deux essais au champ étudiés. De plus, STICS a bien reproduit la tendance à la baisse de la productivité de la fléole des prés observée en fonction de l'âge de la prairie. Les résultats ont montré que cette baisse de rendement au fil du temps est fortement corrélée à la réduction de la réserve métabolique dans les organes de réserve.En conclusion, ce travail de thèse a montré l’applicabilité et la fiabilité du modèle STICS pour la simulation sur le long terme de la production de biomasse et de la nutrition azotée d'orge de printemps et de la fléole des prés dans des conditions agropédoclimatiques de la Province de QuébecSpring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and timothy (Phleum pratense L.) are crops of prime economic importance for the province of Quebec and other regions with cold, humid continental climate (North America, Nordic countries, etc.). Soil-crop models are powerful tools for calculating, a wide range of agronomic and environmental variables, since they are designed to simulate the complex interactions between crops, water, and soil nitrogen (N) in the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum. Among other models, STICS is a process-based soil-crop model developed initially for temperate agropedoclimatic conditions. However, it can be adapted to conditions of other agrosystems.The objectives of this thesis were to analyze and extend the scope of application of STICS to these two economically important crops grown under agropedoclimatic conditions in the Province of Quebec, and to evaluate the model's predictive performance on long–term simulations. This thesis is a contribution to the study of the genericity of STICS for Quebec agrosystems. In addition to the climatic context, the originality of this work lies in the crops studied – spring barley and timothy – and the number of successive years of continuous simulations (without annual reinitialization). The predictive performances of STICS were analyzed for aboveground biomass production, N content and N export for i) a 31-year spring barley monoculture grown under two tillage systems and fertilized with two N sources (mineral N and liquid dairy manure); and ii) an 8-year timothy grassland, fertilized each year with four application N rates (0, 60, 120, 180 kg N ha-1). We used databases from two experimental field trials conducted by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.For the barley monoculture, the STICS calibration procedure required the adjustment of cultivar parameters in particular, thus confirming the genericity of most plant parameters defined in STICS. There is a good agreement between observed and predicted variables of interest with the various tillage systems and N sources during the 31 successive barley cropping years, but with greater dispersion for the N nutrition. Predictions of crop attributes were more accurate in years with rainfall close to the long-term average. For timothy grassland grown over 8 years, the agreement between observed and predicted values was satisfactory for the first harvest. STICS correctly simulated the positive effect of the N application rates on biomass production and plant N nutrition. Nevertheless, the predicted values were overestimated by the model in the absence of N fertilization. Except for this very specific situation, which is not representative of agronomic practices, STICS performed satisfactorily in the context of the two field experiments studied. In addition, STICS reproduced well decreasing trend in timothy productivity observed with the age of the sward. The results showed that this decrease in yield over time is strongly correlated with the reduction in metabolic reserve in the perennial organs.In conclusion, this thesis work has demonstrated the applicability and reliability of the STICS model for the long-term simulation of biomass production and N nutrition of spring barley and timothy under agropedoclimatic conditions in the Province of Quebec
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Naldi, Matteo. "The effect of the temperature dependency of building insulation conductivity in continental and humid temperate climate." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016.
Анотація:
Constant conductivity values of insulating materials are typically used in building design and assessment. However, the thermal conductivity of insulating materials changes with temperature. Linear temperature-dependent law exist for many inorganic fibrous materials such as fiberglass or rockwool, that exhibit a decreased thermal conductivity (better performance) at low temperatures, and a higher thermal conductivity (weaker performance) at high temperatures. However some insulating materials, especially the petrochemical-foamed insulation such as the polyisocyanurate (PIR), exhibit less regular behavior with poorer performance at cold temperatures.
In this scenario, using constant thermal resistance values results in actual building are different from the design predictions, with increasing building energy consumptions, greater risks of condensation issues, and decreased occupant comfort.
This thesis aims to understand the impact of the thermal conductivity change due to temperature when the insulation is used for exterior walls and flat roofs. Experimental results were used in detailed building energy simulations in the continental and humid temperate climates of Toronto and Milan respectively.
Common rigid insulating materials boards were taken into account, such as fiberglass, rock- wool, polyisocyanurate, extruded polystyrene, and a hybrid insulation system, that is constituted by two different materials, polyisocyanurate and rockwool.
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Nasrollahi, Farshad. "Climate and energy responsive housing in continental climates : the suitabiliti of passive houses fir Iran's dry and cold climate /." Berlin : Univ.-Verl. der TU, 2009. http://d-nb.info/998539066/04.
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Nasrollahi, Farshad [Verfasser]. "Climate and energy responsive housing in continental climates : the suitability of passive houses for Iran's dry and cold climate / Farshad Nasrollahi." Berlin : Univ.-Verl. der TU, 2009. http://d-nb.info/999692771/34.
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Grebenshchykova, Zhanna. "Optimisation de la filière de filtres plantés pour l'épuration d'eaux usées municipales en climat continental nordique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IMTA0189.
Анотація:
Le système de filtres plantés (FP) représente une solution alternative pour le traitement des eaux usées domestiques des petites communes et permet de respecter les normes de rejet dans de nombreux pays aux climats tempérés ou tropicaux. Dans la province de Québec (Canada), environ 49% des municipalités ont une taille inférieure à 1000 équivalent-habitants (EH) et sont partiellement ou pas équipées d'installation d'assainissement, ce qui met en évidence un besoin important. Toutefois, les dispositifs les plus intéressants de type filtres plantés à flux vertical ne peuvent pas être utilisés comme tel en climat froid et nécessitent des adaptations. Ce manuscrit propose donc l'étude d'innovations permettant de mettre en œuvre une solution de filtres plantés adaptés aux particularités du climat continental froid. Dans ce travail de thèse, la mise en œuvre d'un système à filtre planté vertical compact a été étudiée selon trois axes : 1) étude du fonctionnement général et des performances épuratoires, 2) suivi des propriétés thermiques durant la période hivernale et 3) étude sur le choix et l'utilisation d’espèces ligneuses. Ce travail de thèse a validé la filière de FP proposé pour l’application en climat froid en mettant en évidence le haut niveau de performances épuratoire ainsi qu’une forte résistance du lit filtrant aux conditions de gel. Les espèces ligneuses sont une solution appropriée pour ce type de système de traitementA treatment wetland (TW) system represents a promising solution for wastewater treatment for small-scale communities and allows meeting the discharge criteria in many countries with a temperate or tropical climate. In Quebec province (Canada), almost 49% of municipalities are small-scale communities (< 1000 people-equivalent (PE)) with nonexistent or partial equipment of sewage facilities. This situation demonstrates a serious need of alternative solutions of wastewater treatment. However, the most interesting systems as a vertical flow TW can’t be used as such in cold climate, and so need to be adapted. Therefore this manuscript proposes an innovative study allowing an implementation of a TW solution appropriate to specific features of a cold continental climate. In this thesis research the compact version of a vertical flow TWs was studied through three principal axes: 1) a study focused on an overall functioning taken in account a treatment performances, 2) a thermal properties study focused on a winter-period and 3) a study of woody species using on TWs. This research validates a proposed TW design forcold climate application highlighting a high level of treatment performances as well as a great frost resistance of filtering bed. It was confirmed that woody species is an appropriate solution for this kind of treatment system
Книги з теми "Cold and humid continental climate":
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Lstiburek, Joseph W. Builder's guide: Hot-humid climates. Westford, MA: Building Science Corporation, 2000.
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Nasrollahi, Farshad. Climate and energy responsive housing in continental climates: The suitability of passive houses for Iran's dry and cold climate. Berlin: D 83, 2009.
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Lstiburek, Joseph W. Builder's guide: Mixed-humid climates : a systems approach to designing and building homes that are healthy, comfortable, durable, energy efficient, and environmentally responsible. Westford, MA: Building Science Corporation, 2005.
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Lstiburek, Joseph W. Builder's guide: Hot-humid climates : a systems approach to designing and building homes that are safe, healthy, durable, comfortable, energy efficient and environmentally responsible. Westford, MA: Building Science Corp., 2005.
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Lstiburek, Joseph W. Builder's guide: Hot-humid climates : a systems approach to designing and building homes that are safe, healthy, durable, comfortable, energy efficient and environmentally responsible. Westford, MA: Building Science Corp., 2005.
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Lstiburek, Joseph W. Builder's Guide: Mixed-Humid Climates, a Systems Approach to Designing and Building Homes That Are Safe, Healthy, Durable, Comfortable,. Building Science Press, 2005.
7
Dunlop, Storm. 3. Global weather systems. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199571314.003.0003.
Анотація:
Air may seem hot and humid, hot and dry, damp and cold, or freezing cold. Vigorous weather systems may create abrupt changes when one air mass replaces another with distinct properties. ‘Global weather systems’ explains that air masses can be classified into categories based on the humidity and temperature of their source region: arctic or antarctic continental, polar continental, tropical continental, arctic maritime, polar maritime, tropical maritime, and equatorial maritime. The boundary between two air masses with differing temperatures and humidities is known as a front and there are three forms: cold, warm, and occluded. Jet streams, including Polar jets, Subtropical jets, and the Equatorial Jet Stream, are also discussed.
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Zalasiewicz, Jan, and Mark Williams. The Goldilocks Planet. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199593576.001.0001.
Анотація:
Climate change is a major topic of concern today and will be so for the foreseeable future, as predicted changes in global temperatures, rainfall, and sea level continue to take place. But as Jan Zalasiewicz and Mark Williams reveal in The Goldilocks Planet, the climatic changes we are experiencing today hardly compare to the changes the Earth has seen over the last 4.5 billion years. Indeed, the vast history that the authors relate here is dramatic and often abrupt--with massive changes in global and regional climate, from bitterly cold to sweltering hot, from arid to humid. They introduce us to the Cryogenian period, the days of Snowball Earth seven hundred million years ago, when ice spread to cover the world, then melted abruptly amid such dramatic climatic turbulence that hurricanes raged across the Earth. We read about the Carboniferous, with tropical jungles at the equator (where Pennsylvania is now) and the Cretaceous Period, when the polar regions saw not ice but dense conifer forests of cypress and redwood, with gingkos and ferns. The authors also show how this history can be read from clues preserved in the Earth's strata. The evidence is abundant, though always incomplete--and often baffling, puzzling, infuriating, tantalizing, seemingly contradictory. Geologists, though, are becoming ever more ingenious at deciphering this evidence, and the story of the Earth's climate is now being reconstructed in ever-greater detail--maybe even providing us with clues to the future of contemporary climate change. And through all of this, the authors conclude, the Earth has remained perfectly habitable--in stark contrast to its planetary neighbors. Not too hot, not too cold; not too dry, not too wet--"the Goldilocks planet."
Частини книг з теми "Cold and humid continental climate":
1
Zorita, Eduardo, Birgit Hünicke, Nele Tim, and Matthieu Rouault. "Past Climate Variability in the Last Millennium." In Sustainability of Southern African Ecosystems under Global Change, 133–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10948-5_5.
Анотація:
AbstractWe review our knowledge of the climate variability in southern Africa over the past millennium, based on information provided by proxy data and by climate simulations. Since proxy data almost exclusively record past temperature and/or precipitation, the review is focused on those two variables. Proxy data identify three thermal phases in the region: a medieval warm period around year 1000 CE (common era), a Little Ice Age until about the eighteenth century, and a clear warming phase since that temperature minimum until the present period. Variations of precipitation are different in the summer-rainfall and winter-rainfall regions. In the former, precipitation tends to accompany the temperature, with warm/humid and cold/dry phases. In the winter-rainfall zone, the variations are opposite to temperature. Thus, past precipitation variations display a see-saw pattern between the summer- and winter-rainfall zones. However, climate simulations do not display these three different hydroclimatic periods. Instead, the simulations show a clearly warm twentieth century and punctuated cooling due to volcanic eruptions, with otherwise little variations during the pre-industrial period. Also, the simulations do not indicate an anticorrelation between precipitation in the summer- and winter-rainfall zones. Possible reasons for these discrepancies are discussed.
2
Cunliffe, Barry. "The Long Beginning." In Facing the Sea of Sand, 36–61. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192858887.003.0002.
Анотація:
Abstract The chapter focuses on the hunter-gatherer communities who spread to all parts of Northern Africa from the time of the early hominids up to about 6000 bc. Climate change played a vital role. Cyclic changes in climate conditioned the spread of Homo sapiens throughout the continent. During warm, humid periods hunter-gatherers could move fairly freely crossing the Sahara and could flourish in the more congenial regions but with the onset of hot, dryer periods the desert became a barrier to movement, separating the communities of the south from those of the North African zone which experienced an inflow of population from the Levant. The last of the Humid periods, when the Sahara region became habitable, c. 10000–6000 bc, - a period known as the greening of the Sahara – saw hunter-gatherers colonizing many parts of what had been desert, adapting to the different micro-environments, hunting wild animals, fishing in the lakes and rivers and gathering plant food. For some life became more sedentary.
3
Migon, Piotr. "Cold-Climate Granite Landscapes." In Granite Landscapes of the World. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199273683.003.0015.
Анотація:
Inselbergs, tors, boulder fields, and pediments are repetitive landforms of many low- to mid-latitude granite landscapes, whether in humid or in arid environments. Although there have been attempts to link these landforms to certain specific climatic environments, their actual distribution, as shown in the preceding chapters, speaks clearly for minor climatic control in their development. Therefore, identification of a ‘typical’ granite rainforest, or savanna, or desert landscape does not seem possible. Each of these environments is known to host a variety of distinctive landscapes supported by granite, which will be explored in the next chapter. Likewise, cold environments in high latitudes have long been considered as having a very distinctive geomorphology, in which the factor of rock control matters little, but repeated freezing and thawing is critical. This view is difficult to maintain any longer, especially in the light of recent progress in periglacial geomorphology. The effects of glaciation are more evident, but even there the role of bedrock must not be neglected and formerly glaciated granite terrains do show certain specific features. Many granite terrains are located in cold environments, or have experienced cold-climate conditions in the relatively recent past of the Pleistocene. Therefore, it is reasonable to expect that their geomorphic evolution has been influenced by a suite of surface processes characteristic of such settings, collectively termed as ‘periglacial’. Present-day periglacial conditions typify such granite areas as the uplands of Alaska, Yukon, and the northern Rocky Mountains, much of the Canadian Shield, coastal strips of Greenland, northern Scandinavia, extensive tracts of Siberia, and the Tibetan Plateau. Granite areas located further south, in the British Isles, the Iberian Peninsula, the Massif Central, the Harz Mountains, and the Bohemian Massif, were affected by periglacial conditions for most of the Pleistocene. In fact, the most elevated parts of these mountains and uplands experience a mild periglacial environment even today and winter temperatures may remain below 0°C for weeks. The efficacy of present-day frost action is however limited by the insulating snow cover. Some of the granite areas of the southern hemisphere are, or were, within the periglacial realm too.
4
Ortiz-Colón, Guillermo. "Adaptive Management Practices for Robust and Profitable Dairy Operations in the Tropics Upon the Uncertainty of Climate Change." In Cases on Managing Dairy Productive Chains, 91–107. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5472-5.ch005.
Анотація:
One of the greatest challenges of dairying in tropical regions of the world is heat stress. Upon the uncertain effects of climate change might have in dairy cattle productivity in the tropics, intrinsic advantages exhibited by heat tolerant breeds, in combination with adaptive nutritional management for heat stress, and modifications to the tropical environment, could be valuable in the quest to assure a robust and profitable dairy operation in our region. In the American continent, farmers have selected bovines better adapted to the region, like the hot and humid environment of Puerto Rico, where we can find “purebred” Holstein cattle that phenotypically have a very short and slick hair. This chapter intends to present the main managements practices carried out in dairy herds in the tropics upon the climate changes.
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DeConto, Robert M., William W. Hay, Stanley L. Thompson, and Jon Bergengren. "Late Cretaceous climate and vegetation interactions: Cold continental interior paradox." In Evolution of the Cretaceous Ocean-Climate System. Geological Society of America, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2332-9.391.
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Pielke, Roger A., and Nolan J. Doesken. "Climate of the Shortgrass Steppe." In Ecology of the Shortgrass Steppe. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195135824.003.0006.
Анотація:
The climate of a region involves the short- and long-term interaction among the atmospheric, hydrologic, ecologic, oceanographic, and cryospheric components of the earth’s environmental system (Hayden, 1998; Pielke, 1998, 20 01a,b). These interactions occur across a ll spatial and temporal scales, from turbulence generated by diurnal cycles at a landscape scale, to globalscale circulation. The establishment of particular ecosystem types is associated with a nonlinear feedback between the atmosphere and the underlying vegetation (Pielke a nd Vidale, 1995). Wang a nd E ltahir (20 0 0) and Claussen (1998) have demonstrated that vegetation patterning cannot be accurately simulated in a model unless vegetation–atmosphere feedbacks are included. In this chapter we summarize the climate system of the shortgrass steppe. This is a region of large seasonal contrasts, and of interannual and longer term variability. It is also a region that has undergone major human impacts during the past 150 years. We present both average conditions and examples of extreme events in the shortgrass steppe to illustrate the variable climate of this interesting ecosystem. Geographic factors play a large role in determining the climatic characteristics of the shortgrass steppe (Lauenroth and Burke, 1995; Lauenroth and Milchunas, 1992; Lauenroth et al., 1999). Key factors for this region include its mid-latitude position, its relatively high elevations, its interior continental location, and its proximity to the Rocky Mountains, a substantial north–south-oriented mountain barrier immediately to the west. Air masses affecting the region consist of continental polar air from the north, humid continental air masses from the east, humid subtropical air masses from the southeast and south, and Paci8 c maritime air masses from the west. The latter can be signi8 cantly modi8 ed as they cross a series of mountain ranges and interior dry regions before reaching the shortgrass steppe region. Each of these geographic and atmospheric features contributes to the climate of the region. Latitude determines day length and sun angle, and, hence, solar insolation. This, in turn, greatly affects air temperature. Upper level westerly winds increase over the mid-latitudes in the fall and winter in response to strengthening north–south temperature gradients in the atmosphere. Paci8 c air masses are carried eastward over the Rocky Mountains, depositing considerable cool-season precipitation in the mountains, but rarely on the shortgrass steppe.
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Chuan, Goh Kim. "The Climate of Southeast Asia." In The Physical Geography of Southeast Asia. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199248025.003.0015.
Анотація:
Southeast Asia lies between the continental influence of the rest of Asia to the north and the more oceanic influence of the Indian and Pacific Oceans to the south and the east respectively. While its overall net energy balance is very much determined by its latitudinal position, which is approximately between 20°N and 10°S, the locational factors referred to above largely give the regional climate its distinctive character. Within the broad latitudinal extent defined above, the Southeast Asian region has often been conveniently separated into two sub-areas: continental and insular Southeast Asia. In some ways these sub-regions represent a valid delineation into the more seasonal climatic region influenced by the monsoon system of winds and the uniformly humid equatorial climate. The former comprises Myanmar, Thailand, Lao PDR, Cambodia, and Viet Nam, while the latter includes Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, and the Philippines. The continental Southeast Asia experiences greater seasonality, more extremes in both temperature and rainfall, and more pronounced dry spells; whereas the insular parts, termed the ‘maritime continent’ (Ramage 1968), with a much greater expanse of sea than land (the sea area of Indonesia, for example, is four times its land area), have more equable climate. The northern and southern continental interactions in winter and summer and the differential heating due to the asymmetric character of the two sub-regions give rise to the monsoon development (Hastenrath 1991), which, to a large extent, influences the rainfall characteristics of the region as a whole. In a sense, more than temperature variations, this monsoonal influence gives the Southeast Asian climate its distinctive character. Figure 5.2 shows the two monsoon wind systems that affect Southeast Asia. In addition to these annual reversals of the monsoon winds, the seasonal migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)—closest to the Equator during the northern hemispheric winter and farthest north during summer—is a significant factor in influencing the monthly weather regime of the region. Being a belt of low-pressure trough coinciding with the band of highest surface temperature, the ITCZ attracts the moist easterlies from both hemispheres towards its trough resulting in uplift of air, intense convection, and precipitation. This whole process provides a mechanism for the transfer of latent heat from the low to the higher latitudes (Houze et al. 1981; Hastenrath 1991).
8
Sawyer, Donald. "Introduction." In Urbanization in Large Developing Countries, 203–4. Oxford University PressOxford, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198289746.003.0012.
Анотація:
Abstract With an area of 8,522,965 km2, Brazil is the fifth-largest country in the world. It is nearly as large as the continental United States and covers half of the territory of South America. The landscape is dominated by the Amazon basin in the north and the Brazilian highlands in the south-east and south regions. The climate is tropical and sub-tropical, humid in the Amazon, mostly covered by forest, and semi-arid in the north-east. There are vast areas of savannah in the centre-west.
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Maslin, Mark. "3. Evidence for climate change." In Climate Change: A Very Short Introduction, 26–43. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198867869.003.0003.
Анотація:
‘Evidence for climate change’ presents the scientific evidence that anthropogenic climate change is already happening and considers changes in global temperature, precipitation, sea level, and extreme weather events (heatwaves, droughts, floods, storms, and wildfires). The latest IPCC report states that it is virtually certain that anthropogenic climate change has caused increases in the frequency and severity of hot extremes and decreases in cold extremes on most continents. Climate change is also the main cause of the intensification of heavy precipitation observed over continental regions, often resulting in flooding. Moreover, human climate change has played a role in shaping the global distribution and intensity of tropical cyclones/typhoons and hurricanes. What do the climate change deniers say and why they are wrong?
10
Greenland, David, and Mark Losleben. "Climate." In Structure and Function of an Alpine Ecosystem. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195117288.003.0007.
Анотація:
Climate is one of the most important determinants of biotic structure and function in the alpine. High winds and low temperatures are defining elements of this ecosystem, requiring adaptations of the alpine biota. Interaction between topography and snowcover strongly influences spatial heterogeneity of microclimate, which in turn influences and is influenced by the distribution of vegetation. For nearly 50 years investigators have used Niwot Ridge to examine and document the climate and its interaction with the biota of the alpine tundra. This chapter reviews some of the many findings of these ongoing bioclimatic investigations. Climate studies started on Niwot Ridge in October 1952 when Professor John W. Marr and his students set up a transect of climate stations across the Front Range between Boulder and the Continental Divide (Marr 1961). There were originally 16 stations in groups of four representing different slope exposures in what he defined as the Lower and Upper Montane Forest, the Subalpine Forest, and the Alpine Tundra ecosystems of the Front Range. After 1 year, the network was reduced to four stations, called Al, Bl, Cl, and Dl, which all had ridge-top locations and ranged from lower montane (Al) to high alpine (Dl). From time to time, these stations were supplemented by other stations that supported particular studies. This was especially true during the International Biological Programme years in the early 1970s when focus on work on the Saddle research site of the Ridge began. Following the establishment of Niwot Ridge and Green Lakes Valley as a Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) site in 1980, even more intensive climatological work has been conducted. The construction of the Tundra Laboratory in August 1990 facilitated intensive winter climatological studies. Geographical locations and elevational data on most of the stations has been provided by Greenland (1989) and is also found in the LTER electronic database (http://culter.colorado.edu/). The climate of Niwot Ridge is characterized by large seasonal and annual variability with very windy and cold winters, wet springs, mild summers, and cool, dry autumns.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Cold and humid continental climate":
1
"THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK LEADING TO DESIGN PROCESS OF CONCEPTUAL BIOMIMETIC ADAPTIVE SHADING SYSTEM IN HUMID CONTINENTAL CLIMATE." In International Conferences on: Internet Technologies & Society (ITS 2021), Applied Management Advances in the 21st Century (AMA21 2021) and Sustainability, Technology and Education (STE 2021). IADIS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33965/itsamaste2021_202111l017.
2
Phan, Long, Cheng-Xian Lin, and Mirko Schäfer. "A Multi-Zone Building Energy Simulation of a Data Center Model With Hot and Cold Aisles." In ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2013-18089.
Анотація:
In this paper, a building energy simulation code, EnergyPlus, was used to study selected important conditions, i.e. wall boundary conditions and locations, which potentially affect the energy consumption and thermal management of a popular data center model. The data center model having 1120 servers distributed in four rows of rack was investigated under two major climate conditions — hot and humid (Miami, FL), and cool and humid (Chicago, IL), and under five different wall boundary conditions. The data center model was first simulated under a well-mixed single-zone condition as a baseline. Then, a multi-zone approach was proposed to resolve the hot and cold aisles and used to investigate the data center performance. Both monthly and annual overall energy consumption as well as cooling load reports were analyzed and compared among various boundary conditions. In addition, monthly thermal behavior of hot and cold aisle zones within the data center was analyzed. The simulation results show that thermal performance of the data center is significantly affected by locations or climate conditions. The effects of location and wall boundary conditions are particularly appreciable during the summer and winter seasons.
3
Trujeque Bolio, Jessica G., and Julio Cesar Ramirez Hernandez. "Solar Adsorption Refrigerator With Work Pair Economical." In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54130.
Анотація:
Anthropogenic production of cold is necessary for the preservation of the food industry, industrial processes, ice making, refrigeration and domestic conditioning of fixed and mobile spaces, emphasizing the importance in the health sector for the preservation of vaccines, biological and vital organs. Al ready exist technology who use power supply to produce cold, causing global warming as part of the side effect of CO2 from burning fossil fuel for power plants. Currently being researched and developed alternative technology that who operates with solar energy and requires no power supply. The market is looking for competitive cooling technologies operating systems generally, to raise the development of a solar refrigerator design for hot humid climate in Mexico, for the most critical environmental conditions of sunlight in a highly demanding cold technology.
4
Kruis, Nathanael J., and Matthew K. Heun. "Analysis of the Performance of Earthship Housing in Various Global Climates." In ASME 2007 Energy Sustainability Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2007-36030.
Анотація:
Earthships are houses that use walls of recycled automobile tires packed with soil to retain a berm on three sides of the home while glazing on the sunny side (south in the Northern Hemisphere, north in the Southern Hemisphere) allows solar heat into the home’s interior. This paper discusses the design and application of earthships and assesses the feasibility of earthships as sustainable and healthy places of residence. The paper begins by describing the aspects of earthship design which contribute to sustainability, including the construction of the thermal envelope and its effect on the thermal comfort of the occupants; the building’s ability to harness renewable energy; and the catchwater and water reuse system. Each of these aspects is analyzed with computer models that simulate homes in four distinct climate zones to determine (a) whether the design meets the comfort, electrical, and water demand for each location, and (b) the financial implications for construction and operation of an earthship in each location in comparison with a standard wood-frame house. The study shows that earthships are a financially feasible design alternative for dry/arid, humid continental, and continental sub-arctic climates; but are not feasible for tropical wet/dry climates.
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Faulkner, Cary A., John E. Castellini Jr., Yingli Lou, Wangda Zuo, David M. Lorenzetti, and Michael D. Sohn. "Tradeoffs Between Indoor Air Quality and Sustainability for Indoor Virus Mitigation Strategies in Office Buildings." In American Modelica Conference 2022, Dallas, October 26-28. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp21186136.
Анотація:
The COVID-19 pandemic has motivated building operators to improve indoor air quality (IAQ) through long-term sustainable solutions. This paper develops a modeling capability using the Modelica Buildings library to evaluate three indoor virus mitigation strategies: use of MERV 10 or MERV 13 filtration and supply of 100% outdoor air into a building with MERV 10 filtration. New evaluation metrics are created to consider the impact of improving IAQ on financial and environmental costs. The mitigation strategies are studied for medium office buildings in three locations in the United States with differing climates and electricity sources. The results show that use of 100% outdoor air can significantly improve IAQ with limited increases in costs in the milder climate, but leads to very high costs in the hot and humid and very cold climates. MERV 13 filtration can improve IAQ relative to MERV 10 filtration with small increases in costs in all locations.
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Faiz, Qurat, and Jorge E. González. "Climatology and Trends of Heat Index, Human Discomfort Index and Energy per Capita for CONUS and Meso-America." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-72532.
Анотація:
Abstract Air temperature and humidity both affect the human comfort and health in warm and humid climates. An effective way to measure the overall effect of temperature and humidity on human comfort (or discomfort) is using the term referred as Heat Index (HI). The HI is a measure of how people “feel” when exposed to warm and humid environments, making it an effective variable to explain the effects of heat in people, to alert of heat advisories, and to reform public health policies. Evidently, heat index is a changing variable with geography and with climate seasons and change. This research aims to investigate the spatial and temporal trends of Heat Index and energy per capita (EPC) in the Continental US (CONUS) and the Meso-America (the Caribbean, and Northern Regions of South America). In order to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution and trends of heat index and EPC in different regions of the CONUS and the Meso-America, hourly air temperature and relative humidity datasets were collected from two sources; The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP) North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) and weather stations for the period of thirty years: 1990 to 2019. The Algorithm used in our study to determine the HI is similar to the one used by the National Weather Service (NWS) measuring air temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (T) and relative humidity in percent (RH). Our analysis of the HI and EPC climatology for the summer season for Southeast US and the Meso-America exhibits the largest values in Southeast US, followed by the Greater Antilles, and then the Lesser Antilles. HI is used herein to quantify the impacts of these warming trends on EPC. Results of the analysis depict a Southern Greater Antilles with a positive EPC rate of 2 kWh per year for summer season. These spatial trends using NARR data were found to correlate very well with selected weather stations and were also determined to be statistically significant. The state level trends of electricity consumption per person per year (Figure 5.) suggests, in general, a correlation between trends on total energy consumption per capita and increasing maximum heat index. Therefore, increased energy production and improved energy infrastructure will be required to maintain ideal indoor building conditions as consequence of a warmer climate.
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Phan, Long, and Cheng-Xian Lin. "A Parametric Study of Temperature and Volumetric Flow Rate Parameters of a Data Center Using Multi-Zone Building Energy Simulation." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-66530.
Анотація:
Energy consumption and thermal management have become key challenges in the design of large-scale air-cooled data centers, where perforated tiles are used together with cold and hot aisles to improve thermal management. Although building energy simulation can be used to estimate annual energy consumption of any building, its application in data centers has been very limited in open literature. In this paper, EnergyPlus was utilized to study selected important parameters about perforated tiles, which potentially affect the energy consumption and thermal management of a data center. The data center model has 1120 servers distributed in four rows of rack. The data center with various boundary conditions was investigated under a typical U.S. climate — hot and humid, in Miami, Florida. The key parameters about the temperature and the volumetric flow rate of the supply side have been extensively investigated. A multi-zone approach that resolves the hot and cold aisles was used to simulate the data center. Annual overall energy consumption were compared and analyzed. The simulation results show that energy consumption of the data center is significantly affected by the supply temperature and the system fan supply air flow rate under different conditions. In addition, an optimal supply temperature of 11.8°C, and air flow rate of 2.5 m3/s were found to be the most preferred selection for the data center model investigated.
8
Tu, Rang, and Lanbin Liu. "Performance Evaluations of Extracting Water From Dry Air Using Multi-Stage Desiccant Wheels and Vapor Compression Cycle." In ASME 2019 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2019 13th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2019-3554.
Анотація:
Abstract A water extraction device that takes water from air in dry area is proposed. This device is designed to meet domestic water demand in remote rural areas, where the climate is dry and fresh water is scarce. The device can be driven effectively by low-temperature waste heat and has the characteristics of large daily water production, low energy consumption per unit of water and high water quality. Because the moisture content of air in dry area is very low, the effect of direct condensation is limited. Solid adsorbent is able to adsorb water vapor from air at a low temperature and release water vapor at under high temperature, which can be used for water extracting from air. To improve its performance under dry circumstances, the key technical point of this device is to use solid adsorbent to collect water vapor from other air to raise its dew point temperature, and then use high temperature cold source to condense water vapor from it. In this paper, configurations of the solid adsorption are proposed, which can be driven with low regeneration temperature under the same humidity increasing amount. This device uses multi-stage desiccant wheels to realize humid increasing. Desiccant wheel can be driven with high temperature to take water vapor from dehumidification air and release water vapor to regeneration air. The multi-stage configuration is good for the reduction of regeneration temperature, making applications of low temperature waste heat form heat pumps possible. Then, influencing factors of water extracting rate are analyzed. The influencing of regeneration temperature, humid reduction amount of the humidified air and cooling and heating systems, etc., are analyzed. Last, air handling processes considering cold and heat sources are recommended to reduce energy consumption. The heat pump driven scenarios are discussed in particular. Through optimization, the water extracting rate can be increased and energy consumption per unit of water can be reduced. At present, this paper only studies air water extracting processes and thermal processes, and does not involve structure of the device, water purification and power consumption of fans, etc.
9
Kovač, Marko, Gašper Stegnar, Boris Sučić, and Stane Merše. "Improving Solar Potential Map: Ditching Net-Metering, Embracing Demand Curve and Local Weather." In 50th International HVAC&R Congress and Exhibition. SMEITS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24094/kghk.019.50.1.51.
Анотація:
The research expands the bottom-up approach to determine investment cost for self-sufficient Solar Plus systems. Existing solar maps usually utilize net-metering scheme and treat electricity grid as giant battery. However, with increased solar production, this might put an additional strain to the grid. In addition, to obtain national wide results, multiple weather patterns obtained from different meteorological stations were analyzed which also resulted in different demand curves. The scope of the research was therefore largely increased by calculating all available meteorological data in form of a typical year for Slovenia, which consist of 23 data points evenly spread all over Slovenia. However, those points vary quite a bit – some stations are positioned in the cities and towns, while others are located in small villages or places of interests (i.e., mountain resorts or airports). The points also vary in altitude (from few meters to over 2500 m) and cover different climate zones. The majority of Slovenia lies in continental zone (described with Dfb and Dfb by Köppen-Geiger climate classification) with cold winters and warm summers, with some subtropical climate at the coastal areas (Cfa and Cfb). Some mountain areas have tundra climate (ET). The presented research shows how to combine the existing data to calculate optimal Solar Plus instalment for self-sufficient buildings for each calculation point. The already validated simplified model was used for calculation of energy balance for the typical year which was later used for optimization of the results regarding costs. This includes the roof area for photovoltaic, optimal orientation of solar panels, the capacity of the battery storage and other influential parameters. The results clearly indicated the capability of each analyzed area for Solar Plus installation.
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Chen, Hsiao-Hui, and Udo Dietrich. "Urban density for a carbon free city in different climates." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5487.
Анотація:
In a carbon free city, the energy demand, including thermal energy (heating, cooling and hot water), power (ventilation and artificial light) in buildings and transport, need to be covered by the renewables gained on site or in the surrounding area outside of the town. This means a huge compensating area is required for harvesting renewable energy. This paper aims to explore the urban density that could potentially achieve the balance among three requirements: energy saving, land saving, and human scale. By holding constant of building type, estate size, thermal energy system, power harvesting system, lighting system and traffic energy (electric car), different scenarios of urban density in various climate zones were compared. The results show that, although increasing urban density by increasing number of storey does reduce transportation energy consumption, the rate of decreased transportation energy consumption slows down as the number of storey increases. Also, artificial light will reach saturation (100% of hours of use) with increased number of storeys and, therefore, increase building energy consumption. For cold or moderate climates, the optimal scenario would be 4 to 6 storeys with street width of 25m. For the hot and humid climates, the optimal choice would be 6 to 8 storeys and the effect of urban density on the land-use requirement is larger than the effect of compensating area because heating is power-based. These optimal ranges of number of storey provide good daylight access and also fall into the range of human scale.
Звіти організацій з теми "Cold and humid continental climate":
1
Heitman, Joshua L., Alon Ben-Gal, Thomas J. Sauer, Nurit Agam, and John Havlin. Separating Components of Evapotranspiration to Improve Efficiency in Vineyard Water Management. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594386.bard.
Анотація:
Vineyards are found on six of seven continents, producing a crop of high economic value with much historic and cultural significance. Because of the wide range of conditions under which grapes are grown, management approaches are highly varied and must be adapted to local climatic constraints. Research has been conducted in the traditionally prominent grape growing regions of Europe, Australia, and the western USA, but far less information is available to guide production under more extreme growing conditions. The overarching goal of this project was to improve understanding of vineyard water management related to the critical inter-row zone. Experiments were conducted in moist temperate (North Carolina, USA) and arid (Negev, Israel) regions in order to address inter-row water use under high and low water availability conditions. Specific objectives were to: i) calibrate and verify a modeling technique to identify components of evapotranspiration (ET) in temperate and semiarid vineyard systems, ii) evaluate and refine strategies for excess water removal in vineyards for moist temperate regions of the Southeastern USA, and iii) evaluate and refine strategies for water conservation in vineyards for semi-arid regions of Israel. Several new measurement and modeling techniques were adapted and assessed in order to partition ET between favorable transpiration by the grapes and potentially detrimental water use within the vineyard inter-row. A micro Bowen ratio measurement system was developed to quantify ET from inter-rows. The approach was successful at the NC site, providing strong correlation with standard measurement approaches and adding capability for continuous, non-destructive measurement within a relatively small footprint. The environmental conditions in the Negev site were found to limit the applicability of the technique. Technical issues are yet to be solved to make this technique sufficiently robust. The HYDRUS 2D/3D modeling package was also adapted using data obtained in a series of intense field campaigns at the Negev site. The adapted model was able to account for spatial variation in surface boundary conditions, created by diurnal canopy shading, in order to accurately calculate the contribution of interrow evaporation (E) as a component of system ET. Experiments evaluated common practices in the southeastern USA: inter-row cover crops purported to reduce water availability and thereby favorably reduce grapevine vegetative growth; and southern Israel: drip irrigation applied to produce a high value crop with maximum water use efficiency. Results from the NC site indicated that water use by the cover crop contributed a significant portion of vineyard ET (up to 93% in May), but that with ample rainfall typical to the region, cover crop water use did little to limit water availability for the grape vines. A potential consequence, however, was elevated below canopy humidity owing to the increased inter-row evapotranspiration associated with the cover crops. This creates increased potential for fungal disease occurrence, which is a common problem in the region. Analysis from the Negev site reveals that, on average, E accounts for about10% of the total vineyard ET in an isolated dripirrigated vineyard. The proportion of ET contributed by E increased from May until just before harvest in July, which could be explained primarily by changes in weather conditions. While non-productive water loss as E is relatively small, experiments indicate that further improvements in irrigation efficiency may be possible by considering diurnal shading effects on below canopy potential ET. Overall, research provided both scientific and practical outcomes including new measurement and modeling techniques, and new insights for humid and arid vineyard systems. Research techniques developed through the project will be useful for other agricultural systems, and the successful synergistic cooperation amongst the research team offers opportunity for future collaboration.
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Tsybekmitova, G. Ts, L. D. Radnaeva, N. A. Tashlykova, V. G. Shiretorova, A. K. Tulokhonov, B. B. Bazarova, and M. O. Matveeva. THE EFFECT OF CLIMATIC SHIFTS ON BIODIVERSITY OF PHYTOCENOSIS: LAKE ARAKHLEY (EASTERN SIBERIA, RUSSIA). DOICODE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/0973-7308-2020-35-3-77-90.
Анотація:
Lake Arakhley is located within the Lake Baikal basin in Eastern Siberia, Russia. The area is characterized by continental subarctic climate with considerate diurnal temperature range, long cold dry winters and short hot summers with more precipitation occurring during the latter half of the summer. Climatic shifts in high water years and low water years result in morphometric changes in the lake and in the chemical and physical parameters of the ecosystem. During low water years, concentrations of ammonium nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen are decreased, whereas nitrate concentration increases. High water years feature average concentrations of ammonium ions 1.5–2 times higher than the values of recent dry years. Redundancy analysis (RDA) of abiotic factors and biotic community indicated that the community structure shows the greatest correlation with physical and chemical parameters of water and biogenic elements (nitrites, ammonium, phosphates) along the first axis, and with the lake depth and transparency along the second axis. Changes in abiotic factors induce functioning and formation of characteristic communities of the primary producers in the trophic structure of the ecosystem. During low water years, with increased level of autochthonous organic matter, Lindavia comta dominance is observed, while during high water years, with increased allochthonous organic matter Asterionella formosa appeared as dominant. Currently, during low water years, the hydrophytes community is monodominant and composed of Ceratophyllum demersum. Meanwhile, such species indicating eutrophic conditions as Myriophyllum sibiricum, Potamogeton pectinatus are found in the lake vegetation.