Статті в журналах: "Colar cells"

1

Wiren, KM, AR Toombs, and XW Zhang. "Androgen inhibition of MAP kinase pathway and Elk-1 activation in proliferating osteoblasts." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 32, no. 1 (February 1, 2004): 209–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/jme.0.0320209.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Non-aromatizable androgens have significant beneficial effects on skeletal homeostasis independently of conversion to estradiol, but the effects of androgens on bone cell metabolism and cell proliferation are still poorly understood. Using an osteoblastic model with enhanced androgen responsiveness, MC3T3-E1 cells stably transfected with androgen receptor (AR) under the control of the type I collagen promoter (colAR-MC3T3), the effects of androgens on mitogenic signaling were characterized. Cultures were treated with the non-aromatizable androgen 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and the effects on osteoblast viability were determined as measured by an MTT assay. A complex response was observed in that continuous short-term DHT treatment enhanced osteoblast viability, but with longer-term DHT treatment inhibition was observed. The inhibition by DHT was prevented by the specific AR antagonist hydroxyflutamide, and was also observed in primary cultures of normal rat calvarial osteoblasts. In order to identify potential mediators of this effect, mitogenic pathway-specific cDNA microarrays were interrogated. Reduced hybridization of several genes important in MAP kinase-mediated signaling was observed, with the most dramatic effect on Elk-1 expression. Analysis of phosphorylation cascades demonstrated that DHT treatment inhibited phosphoERK1/2 levels, MAP kinase activation of Elk-1, Elk-1 protein and phosphoElk-1 levels, and downstream AP-1/luciferase reporter activity. Together, these data provide the first evidence that androgen inhibition of the MAP kinase signaling pathway is a potential mediator of osteoblast growth, and are consistent with the hypothesis that the MAP cascade may be a specific downstream target of DHT.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

2

Kasahara, Takashi, Shigeyuki Matsunami, Tomohiko Edura, Ryoichi Ishimatsu, Juro Oshima, Miho Tsuwaki, Toshihiko Imato, Shuichi Shoji, Chihaya Adachi, and Jun Mizuno. "Multi-color microfluidic electrochemiluminescence cells." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 214 (August 2014): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2014.04.039.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

3

Kiberstis, P. A. "Cancer Stem Cells in Color." Science Signaling 5, no. 237 (August 14, 2012): ec212-ec212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.2003499.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

4

Kiper, Daniel C., Suzanne B. Fenstemaker, and Karl R. Gegenfurtner. "Chromatic properties of neurons in macaque area V2." Visual Neuroscience 14, no. 6 (November 1997): 1061–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800011779.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

AbstractWe recorded from single cells in area V2 of cynomolgus monkeys using standard acute recording techniques. After measuring each cell's spatial and temporal properties, we performed several tests of its chromatic properties using sine-wave gratings modulated around a mean gray background. Most cells behaved like neurons in area V1 and their responses were adequately described by a model that assumes a linear combination of cone signals. Unlike in V1, we found a subpopulation of cells whose activity was increased or inhibited by stimuli within a narrow range of color combinations. No particular color directions were preferentially represented. V2 cells showing color specificity, including cells showing narrow chromatic tuning, were present in any of the stripe compartments, as defined by cytochrome-oxidase (CO) staining. An addition of chromatic contrast facilitated the responses of most neurons to gratings with various luminance contrasts. Neurons in all three CO compartments gave significant responses to isoluminant gratings. Receptive-field properties of cells were generally similar for luminance and chromatically defined stimuli. We found only a small number of cells with a clearly identifiable double-opponent receptive-field organization.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

5

Rodríguez-Fajardo, Valeria, Vanesa Sanz, Ignacio de Miguel, Johann Berthelot, Srdjan S. Aćimović, Rafael Porcar-Guezenec, and Romain Quidant. "Two-color dark-field (TCDF) microscopy for metal nanoparticle imaging inside cells." Nanoscale 10, no. 8 (2018): 4019–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nr09408f.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

While the applicability of standard DF to detect plasmonic nanoparticles in cells is limited by the scattering from the cell's compartments, TCDF overcomes this limitation by using the scattering information of two colors.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

6

ROUHI, MAUREEN. "Coral Color Shift Applied To Cells." Chemical & Engineering News 80, no. 39 (September 30, 2002): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v080n039.p008a.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

7

Kolb, H., and P. K. Ahnelt. "Color connectivity of human horizontal cells." Experimental Eye Research 55 (September 1992): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-4835(92)91044-x.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

8

Sinkorova, Z., J. Sinkora, L. Zarybnicka, Z. Vilasova, and J. Pejchal. "Radiosensitivity of peripheral blood B cells in pigs." Veterinární Medicína 54, No. 5 (June 1, 2009): 223–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/59/2009-vetmed.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

: Swine are here introduced to biodosimetry in an attempt to develop a large animal model allowing for comparison of in vitro experiments with the in vivo processes occurring after exposure to gamma radiation. This work investigates the radiosensitivity of the B cell compartment in peripheral blood. Four-week-old piglets were irradiated using the whole body protocol or full blood samples were irradiated in vitro in the dose range of 0–10 Gy. Relative radioresistance of B cell subpopulations and subsets was determined by measuring their relative numbers in leukocyte preparations at selected time intervals after irradiation using two color immunophenotyping and flow cytometry. Porcine B cells represent the most radiosensitive lymphocyte population in peripheral blood. Among B cell subpopulations and subsets investigated, the CD21+SWC7+ and CD21+CD1+ cells are highly radiosensitive and possess biodosimetric potential, at least in the range of low doses. Differences between cultures irradiated in vitro and lymphocyte dynamics in peripheral blood of irradiated animals clearly document the limits of in vitro data extrapolation in biodosimetry. We have shown that pigs can successfully be used in radiobiology and experimental biodosimetry due mainly to their availability, size and a relatively broad spectrum of available immunoreagents for lymphocyte classification.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

9

Sakai, Hiroko M., Hildred Machuca, and Ken-Ichi Naka. "Processing of Color- and Noncolor-Coded Signals in the Gourami Retina. II. Amacrine Cells." Journal of Neurophysiology 78, no. 4 (October 1, 1997): 2018–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.78.4.2018.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Sakai, Hiroko M., Hildred Machuca, and Ken-Ichi Naka. Processing of color- and noncolor-coded signals in the gourami retina. II. Amacrine cells. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 2018–2033, 1997. The same set of stimuli and analytic methods that was used to study the dynamics of horizontal cells ( Sakai et al. 1997a ) was applied to a study of the response dynamics and signal processing in amacrine cells in the retina of the kissing gourami, Helostoma rudolfi. The retina contains two major classes of amacrine cells that could be identified from their morphology: C and N amacrine cells. C amacrine cells had a two-layered dendritic field, whereas N cells had a monolayered dendritic field. Both types of amacrine cell were tracer-coupled but coupling was more extensive in the N amacrine cells. Responses from C amacrine cells lacked a DC component and had a small linear component that was <10% in terms of mean square error (MSE); the second-order component often accounted for >50% of the modulation response. The C amacrine cells did not show any characteristic color coding under any stimulus condition. Most responses of N cells to a pulsatile stimulus consisted of a series of depolarizing transient potentials and steady illumination did not generate any DC potential in these cells. The response to a white-noise modulated input was composed of well-defined first- and second-order components and, possibly, higher-order components. The response evoked by a red or green white-noise–modulated stimulus given alone was not color coded. Modulated red illumination in the presence of a green illumination elicited a color-coded response from >70% of N amacrine cells. Color information was carried not only by the polarity but also by the dynamics of the first-order component. No convincing evidence was obtained to indicate that the second-order component might be involved in color processing. Some N amacrine cells produced a well-defined (second-order) interaction kernel to show that the temporal sequence of red and green stimuli was a parameter to be considered. In a complex cell such as an amacrine cell, responses evoked by a pulsatile stimulus given in darkness and by modulation of a mean luminance could be very different in terms of their characteristics. It was not always possible to predict the response evoked by one stimulus from observing the cell's response to another stimulus. This is because, in N cells, a flash-evoked (nonsteady state) response is composed largely of nonlinear components whereas a modulation (steady state) response is composed of linear as well as nonlinear components.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

10

Sato, H., N. Katsuyama, H. Tamura, Y. Hata, and T. Tsumoto. "Broad-tuned chromatic inputs to color-selective neurons in the monkey visual cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 72, no. 1 (July 1, 1994): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1994.72.1.163.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

1. Input mechanisms of 21 color-selective cells in cytochrome oxidase-rich blobs in layer II/III of the anesthetized and paralyzed monkey primary visual cortex were studied by an iontophoretic administration of the GABAergic receptor antagonist bicuculline methiodide (BMI). 2. Color-selective blob cells become responsive to originally nonresponsive colors of stimuli or brightness contrast stimuli during removal of intracortical inhibition. 3. The magnitudes of the cells' responses to color stimuli during BMI administration were larger than the expected value of response calculated from the previously reported color tuning of color-selective geniculate cells and emission spectra of color stimulus. 4. These results suggest that color-selective blob cells receive a convergence of different types of chromatic inputs and that intracortical inhibition confers selectivity for a given color on them.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

11

Sakai, Hiroko M., Hildred Machuca, and Ken-Ichi Naka. "Processing of Color- and Noncolor-Coded Signals in the Gourami Retina. I. Horizontal Cells." Journal of Neurophysiology 78, no. 4 (October 1, 1997): 2002–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.78.4.2002.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Sakai, Hiroko M., Hildred Machuca, and Ken-Ichi Naka. Processing of color- and noncolor-coded signals in the gourami retina. I. Horizontal cells. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 2002–2017, 1997. There are two types of horizontal cells, the luminosity and the chromaticity cells, in the retina of the kissing gourami, Helostoma rudolfi. Luminosity cells occupy the outermost layer proximal to the receptor terminals, whereas chromaticity cells form a layer proximal to the layer of luminosity cells. Neither type of cell has axons. Responses were evoked by light from red and green light-emitting diodes. The two stimuli were modulated either by a pulsatile or a white-noise signal. The luminosity cell always produced a hyperpolarizing response. The chromaticity cell produced a hyperpolarizing response when stimulated by only one color. However, in the presence of a steady or modulated green input, a red stimulus produced a depolarizing response. Such chromaticity cells were similar to the (spectral) biphasic chromaticity horizontal cells observed in other retinae. The depolarizing phase of the red response was produced by the balance of intensity of the two inputs, red and green. We used white-noise methodology to identify the dynamics of the horizontal cell's modulation response by taking advantage of the fact that a Wiener kernel is a measure of a cell's incremental sensitivity, which includes its response dynamics. Under all conditions, a steady state modulation response by both luminosity and chromaticity cells always was related linearly to the input modulation. The average mean square error (MSE) of the model predicted by the first-order kernel was ∼8% for both luminosity ( n = 116) and chromaticity ( n = 23) cells. In some cases, the MSE was a few percent even when the peak-to-peak response amplitude was nearly 30 mV. The ratio of inputs from red and green cones to both types of horizontal cells was variable; the major input for luminosity cells came from red cones, whereas the major input for chromaticity cells came from green cones. First-order kernels generated by the major input were robust in terms of waveform in the sense that the waveform remained unchanged whether or not there was a steady or modulated illumination by the opposing color. The results reported here do not address the question of the neural circuitry that generates horizontal cell responses, in particular, the depolarizing response. However, whatever that circuitry might be, the high degree of linearity of the modulation response by both types of cell under various stimulus conditions imposes restrictions on the performance of any proposed model as well as on mechanisms that underlie the generation of the horizontal cell response.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

12

Johnson, Elizabeth N., Michael J. Hawken, and Robert Shapley. "Cone Inputs in Macaque Primary Visual Cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 91, no. 6 (June 2004): 2501–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01043.2003.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

To understand the role of primary visual cortex (V1) in color vision, we measured directly the input from the 3 cone types in macaque V1 neurons. Cells were classified as luminance-preferring, color-luminance, or color-preferring from the ratio of the peak amplitudes of spatial frequency responses to red/green equiluminant and to black/white (luminance) grating patterns, respectively. In this study we used L-, M-, and S-cone–isolating gratings to measure spatial frequency response functions for each cone type separately. From peak responses to cone-isolating stimuli we estimated relative cone weights and whether cone inputs were the same or opposite sign. For most V1 cells the relative S-cone weight was <0.1. All color-preferring cells were cone opponent and their L/M cone weight ratio was clustered around a value of –1, which is roughly equal and opposite L and M cone signals. Almost all cells (88%) classified as luminance cells were cone nonopponent, with a broad distribution of cone weights. Most cells (73%) classified as color-luminance cells were cone opponent. This result supports our conclusion that V1 color-luminance cells are double-opponent. Such neurons are more sensitive to color boundaries than to areas of color and thereby could play an important role in color perception. The color-luminance population had a broad distribution of L/M cone weight ratios, implying a broad distribution of preferred colors for the double-opponent cells.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

13

LANKHEET, MARTIN J. M., PETER LENNIE, and JOHN KRAUSKOPF. "Distinctive characteristics of subclasses of red–green P-cells in LGN of macaque." Visual Neuroscience 15, no. 1 (January 1998): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523898151027.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

We characterized the chromatic and temporal properties of a sample of 177 red–green parvocellular neurons in the LGN of Macaca nemestrina, using large-field stimuli modulated along different directions through a white point in color space. We examined differences among the properties of the four subclasses of red–green P-cells (on- and off-center, red and green center). The responses of off-center cells lag the stimulus more than do those of on-center cells. At low temporal frequencies, this causes the phase difference between responses of the two kinds of cells to be considerably less than 180 deg. For isoluminant modulations the phases of on- and off-responses were more nearly 180 deg apart. A cell's temporal characteristics did not depend on the class of cone driving its center. Red center and green center cells have characteristically different chromatic properties, expressed either as preferred elevations in color space, or as weights with which cells combine inputs from L- and M-cones. Red center cells are relatively more responsive to achromatic modulation, and attach relatively more weight to input from the cones driving the center. Off-center cells also attach relatively more weight than do on-center cells to input from the class of cone driving the center.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

14

Landisman, Carole E., and Daniel Y. Ts'O. "Color Processing in Macaque Striate Cortex: Electrophysiological Properties." Journal of Neurophysiology 87, no. 6 (June 1, 2002): 3138–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00957.1999.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

We have shown in the accompanying paper that optical imaging of macaque striate cortex reveals patches that are preferentially activated by equiluminant chromatic gratings compared with luminance gratings. These imaged color patches are highly correlated, although not always in one-to-one correspondence, with the cytochrome-oxidase (CO) blobs. In the present study, we have investigated the electrophysiological properties of neurons in the imaged color patches and the CO blobs. Our results indicate that individual blobs tend to contain cells of only one type of color opponency: either red/green or blue/yellow. Individual imaged color patches, however, can bridge blobs of similar opponency or differing opponency. When imaged color patches contain two blobs of differing opponency, the cells in the bridge region exhibit mixed color properties that are not opponent along the two cardinal color axes (either red/green or blue/yellow). Two blobs within a single imaged color patch receive input from the same eye or from different eyes. In the latter case, the bridge region between blobs contains binocular cells that are color selective. Because the cells recorded in imaged color patches were more color selective and unoriented than cells outside of color patches, color properties appear to be organized in a clustered and segregated fashion in primate V1.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

15

Stark, William S., and Randall Sapp. "Eye color pigment granules in wild-type and mutant Drosophila melanogaster." Canadian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 6 (June 1, 1988): 1301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z88-191.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Eye color pigment granules were studied in ultrathin sections of the wild-type fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and the following eye-color mutants, cinnabar (cn), brown (bw), cinnabar brown (cn bw), and white (w). Ommatin-containing granules of the primary pigment cells are electron lucent in newly emerged flies but are dense in aged flies. The intraretinular granules are of intermediate or high electron density and also contain ommatins. The content of these granules was deduced from comparisons between wild type and cn, which blocks ommatin synthesis. The bw mutant was used to show that drosopterins reside throughout the secondary pigment cells while drosopterin granules monopolize the distal portion. The secondary pigment cell's granules, especially the most distal ones, are electron lucent in our work as well as in most earlier publications. Here we show that these granules are manifested as holes in the section. Both ommatins and drosopterins reside more proximally in the compound eye's pigment cells. We show that white-eyed flies have unusually large granules, and the possible function of these structures is discussed.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

16

Jia He-Shun, Luo Lei, Li Bing-Lin, Xu Zhen-Hua, Ren Xian-Kun, Jiang Yan-Sen, Cheng Liang, and Zhang Chun-Yan. "Performance of polycrystal silicon color solar cells." Acta Physica Sinica 62, no. 16 (2013): 168802. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.62.168802.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

17

Conway, B. "Specialized color cells in V1 and beyond." Journal of Vision 7, no. 15 (March 28, 2010): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/7.15.27.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

18

Eperon, Giles E., Victor M. Burlakov, Alain Goriely, and Henry J. Snaith. "Neutral Color Semitransparent Microstructured Perovskite Solar Cells." ACS Nano 8, no. 1 (December 10, 2013): 591–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn4052309.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

19

Matsuzaki, Toshiyuki. "Multi-color immunofluorescence microscopy in cultured cells." Folia Pharmacologica Japonica 154, no. 4 (2019): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1254/fpj.154.165.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

20

Nobeshima, Taiki, Masaru Nakakomi, Kazuki Nakamura, and Norihisa Kobayashi. "Alternating-Current-Driven, Color-Tunable Electrochemiluminescent Cells." Advanced Optical Materials 1, no. 2 (February 2013): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adom.201200056.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

21

Pellett, Patrina A., Xiaoli Sun, Travis J. Gould, James E. Rothman, Ming-Qun Xu, Ivan R. Corrêa, and Joerg Bewersdorf. "Two-color STED microscopy in living cells." Biomedical Optics Express 2, no. 8 (July 22, 2011): 2364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/boe.2.002364.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

22

Arendt, Detlev. "Animal evolution: Of flame and collar cells." Current Biology 31, no. 16 (August 2021): R1003—R1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.07.006.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

23

SHIMBO, KIYOSHI, JUN-ICHI TOYODA, HIROAKI KONDO, and TORU KUJIRAOKA. "Color-opponent responses of small and giant bipolar cells in the carp retina." Visual Neuroscience 17, no. 4 (July 2000): 609–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800174103.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The physiological and morphological properties of color-opponent bipolar cells in the carp retina were studied. Fifty nine OFF-center bipolar cells and 63 ON-center bipolar cells out of about 500 total bipolar cells recorded showed color-opponent responses. The OFF-center color-opponent bipolar cells were classified into three subgroups according to their spectral and spatial responses. Fifty OFF-center color-opponent cells responded with depolarization to a blue light spot and with hyperpolarization to a red spot in the receptive-field center. The polarity of the surround response was opposite to that of center response at each wavelength. Therefore these cells were classified as OFF double-opponent cells (OFF-DO). Eight cells responded with hyperpolarization to a blue and green spot and with depolarization to a red spot. The surround responses of those cells were depolarizing at any wavelength (R+G− cell). One responded with hyperpolarization to a blue and red spot and with depolarization to a green spot. The surround response showed a different spectral characteristic from that of the center response. It responded with depolarization to a blue and green annulus and with hyperpolarization to a red annulus (R−G+B− cell). The ON-center color-opponent bipolar cells were similarly classified into three subgroups. Sixty of ON-center color-opponent cells were the double color-opponent type (ON-DO cell), showing the responses of opposite polarity to the OFF-DO cells. Two cells were classified as R−G+ cell, and one cell as R+G−B+ cell. Both OFF- and ON-DO cells were identified by their morphology as Cajal's giant bipolar cells, and R+G−, R−G+, R−G+B−, and R+G−B+ cells as Cajal's small bipolar cells. The analysis of the latency and the ionic mechanisms of their responses suggest that DO cells under light-adapted conditions receive direct inputs from long-wavelength (red) cones, RG cells from middle-wavelength (green) cones, and RGB cells from short-wavelength (blue) cones. Possible mechanisms of the opponent inputs to these bipolar cells are discussed.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

24

Omer, Bilal, Mara G. Cardenas, Thomas Pfeiffer, Rachel Daum, Mai Huynh, Sandhya Sharma, Nazila Nouraee, et al. "A Costimulatory CAR Improves TCR-based Cancer Immunotherapy." Cancer Immunology Research 10, no. 4 (February 16, 2022): 512–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-0307.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Abstract T-cell receptors (TCR) recognize intracellular and extracellular cancer antigens, allowing T cells to target many tumor antigens. To sustain proliferation and persistence, T cells require not only signaling through the TCR (signal 1), but also costimulatory (signal 2) and cytokine (signal 3) signaling. Because most cancer cells lack costimulatory molecules, TCR engagement at the tumor site results in incomplete T-cell activation and transient antitumor effects. To overcome this lack of signal 2, we genetically modified tumor-specific T cells with a costimulatory chimeric antigen receptor (CoCAR). Like classical CARs, CoCARs combine the antigen-binding domain of an antibody with costimulatory endodomains to trigger T-cell proliferation, but CoCARs lack the cytotoxic CD3ζ chain to avoid toxicity to normal tissues. We first tested a CD19-targeting CoCAR in combination with an HLA-A*02:01-restricted, survivin-specific transgenic TCR (sTCR) in serial cocultures with leukemia cells coexpressing the cognate peptide–HLA complex (signal 1) and CD19 (signal 2). The CoCAR enabled sTCR+ T cells to kill tumors over a median of four additional tumor challenges. CoCAR activity depended on CD19 but was maintained in tumors with heterogeneous CD19 expression. In a murine tumor model, sTCR+CoCAR+ T cells improved tumor control and prolonged survival compared with sTCR+ T cells. We further evaluated the CoCAR in Epstein–Barr virus–specific T cells (EBVST). CoCAR-expressing EBVSTs expanded more rapidly than nontransduced EBVSTs and delayed tumor progression in an EBV+ murine lymphoma model. Overall, we demonstrated that the CoCAR can increase the activity of T cells expressing both native and transgenic TCRs and enhance antitumor responses.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

25

Gegenfurtner, Karl R., Daniel C. Kiper, and Suzanne B. Fenstemaker. "Processing of color, form, and motion in macaque area V2." Visual Neuroscience 13, no. 1 (January 1996): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800007203.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

AbstractWe investigated the representation of color in cortical area V2 of macaque monkeys, and the association of color with other stimulus attributes. We measured the selectivity of individual V2 neurons for color, motion, and form. Most neurons in V2 were orientation selective, about half of them were selective for color, and a minority of cells (about 20%) were selective for size or direction. We correlated these physiological measurements with the anatomical location of the cells with respect to the cytochrome oxidase (CO) compartments of area V2. There was a tendency for color-selective cells to be found more frequently in the thin stripes, but color-selective cells also occurred frequently in thick stripes and inter-stripes. We found no difference in the degree of color selectivity between the different CO compartments. Furthermore, there was no negative correlation between color selectivity and selectivity for other stimulus attributes. We found many cells capable of encoding information along more than one stimulus dimension, regardless of their location with respect to the CO compartments. We suggest that area V2 plays an important role in integrating information about color, motion, and form. By this integration of stimulus attributes a cue-invariant representation of the visual world might be achieved.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

26

Wang, Cheng-Ming, Yong-Ming Su, Ting-An Shih, Guan-Yu Chen, Yan-Zhi Chen, Chin-Wei Lu, Ing-Song Yu, Zu-Po Yang, and Hai-Ching Su. "Achieving highly saturated single-color and high color-rendering-index white light-emitting electrochemical cells by CsPbX3 perovskite color conversion layers." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 6, no. 47 (2018): 12808–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tc04451a.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

27

Edwards, Robin, Dengke Xiao, Christian Keysers, Peter Földiák, and David Perrett. "Color Sensitivity of Cells Responsive to Complex Stimuli in the Temporal Cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 90, no. 2 (August 2003): 1245–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00524.2002.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The inferotemporal (IT) cortex of the monkey lies at the head of the ventral visual pathway and is known to mediate object recognition and discrimination. It is often assumed that color plays a minor role in the recognition of objects and faces because discrimination remains highly accurate with black-and-white images. Furthermore it has been suggested that for rapid presentation and reaction tasks, object classification may be based on a first wave of feedforward visual information, which is coarse and achromatic. The fine detail and color information follows later, allowing similar stimuli to be discriminated. To allow these theories to be tested, this study investigates whether the presence of color affects the response of IT neurons to complex stimuli, such as faces, and whether color information is delayed with respect to information about stimulus form in these cells. Color, achromatic, and false-color versions of effective stimuli were presented using a rapid serial visual presentation paradigm, and responses recorded from single cells in IT of the adult monkey. Achromatic images were found to evoke significantly reduced responses compared with color images in the majority of neurons (70%) tested. Differential activity for achromatic and colored stimuli was evident from response onset with no evidence to support the hypothesis that information about object color is delayed with respect to object form. A negative correlation ( P < 0.01) was found between cell latency and color sensitivity, with the most color-sensitive cells tending to respond earliest. The results of this study suggest a strong role for color in familiar object recognition and provide no evidence to support the idea of a first wave of form processing in the ventral stream based on purely achromatic information.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

28

Chen, Zijian, Shiyu Wang, Lian Zhang, and Zenghong Ma. "Design and Research of a Color Discrimination Method for Polycrystalline Silicon Cells Based on Laser Detection System." Applied Sciences 9, no. 20 (October 22, 2019): 4468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9204468.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

In this paper, a method of color discrimination based on sample sensitivity to light wavelength is proposed based on the reflection spectra of a large number of samples and the statistical calculation of the measurement data. A laser detection system is designed to realize the color discrimination. For the color discrimination of polycrystalline silicon cells, the most sensitive wavelength, 434 nm, and the least sensitive wavelength, 645 nm, of polycrystalline silicon cells is obtained according to this method. A laser detection system was built to measure the polycrystalline silicon cells. This system consists of two lasers, optical shutters, collimating beam expanding systems, an optical coaxial system, sample platform, collecting lens, and optical power meter or optical sensor. Two laser beams of different wavelengths are beamed coaxially through the optical coaxial system onto a polycrystalline silicon cell and are reflected or scattered. The reflected or scattered lights are collected through a lens with a high number aperture and received separately by the optical power meter. Then the color value of the polycrystalline silicon cell in this system is characterized by the ratio of light intensity data received. The system measured a large number of previous polycrystalline silicon cells to form the different color categories of polycrystalline silicon cells of this system in the computer database. When a new polycrystalline silicon cell is measured, the color discrimination system can automatically classify the new polycrystalline silicon cell to a certain color category in order to achieve color discrimination.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

29

Yang, Yang, and Qibing Pei. "Voltage controlled two color light‐emitting electrochemical cells." Applied Physics Letters 68, no. 19 (May 6, 1996): 2708–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.116316.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

30

SHICHIDA, Yoshinori, and Tôru YOSHIZAWA. "Visual Pigments in Photoreceptor Cells of Color Vision." Kagaku To Seibutsu 30, no. 6 (1992): 351–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/kagakutoseibutsu1962.30.351.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

31

De Valois, R. L., K. K. De Valois, and L. E. Mahon. "Contribution of S opponent cells to color appearance." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 97, no. 1 (January 4, 2000): 512–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.1.512.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

32

Shapley, Robert, Valerie Nunez, and James Gordon. "Cortical double-opponent cells and human color perception." Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences 30 (December 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2019.04.001.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

33

Byzov, A. L., I. S. Vergelskaja, and V. V. Maximov. "The model of color opponency in horizontal cells." Experimental Eye Research 55 (September 1992): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-4835(92)91041-u.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

34

Heo, Jihyeon, Incheol Jung, Hyunwoo Park, Ju Hwan Han, Hyeonwoo Kim, Hansol Park, Jin‐Seong Park, Hyeongtag Jeon, Kyu‐Tae Lee, and Hui Joon Park. "Highly Efficient Bifacial Color‐Tunable Perovskite Solar Cells." Advanced Optical Materials 10, no. 2 (November 8, 2021): 2101696. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adom.202101696.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

35

DeRenzo, Christopher C., Phuong Nguyen, and Stephen Gottschalk. "Antigen-dependent costimulation to improve T-cell therapy for cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 7_suppl (March 1, 2017): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.7_suppl.151.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

151 Background: T-cell therapy for cancer faces several challenges, including limited T-cell expansion at tumor sites, and lack of unique tumor antigens that are not expressed in normal tissues. To overcome the first obstacle, we developed Engager (ENG) T cells, which secrete bispecific molecules consisting of single chain variable fragments specific for CD3 and a tumor antigen. ENG T cells have the unique ability to redirect bystander T cells to tumors, amplifying antitumor effects. Costimulatory chimeric antigen receptors (CoCARs) are one potential strategy to restrict full T-cell activation to tumor sites that express a unique "antigen address." The goal of this project was now to generate T cells that express engager molecules and CoCARs (ENG/CoCAR T cells), which recognize distinct tumor antigens, and evaluate their effector function. Methods: We focused on two tumor antigens, EphA2 and HER2, which are expressed in a broad range of solid tumors. RD114-pseudotyped retroviral particles encoding an EphA2-ENG or a HER2-CoCAR were used to transduce CD3/CD28-activated human T cells. Transduced T cells were cocultured with EphA2+/HER2- or EphA2+/HER2+ tumor cells. Results: Both EphA2-ENG and EphA2-ENG/HER2-CoCAR T cells were activated by EphA2+ targets, as judged by IFNγ secretion. EphA2-ENG T cells secreted little IL-2 and died after one stimulation with EphA2+/HER2- or EphA2+/HER2+ tumor cells. In contrast, EphA2-ENG/HER2-CoCAR T cells secreted high levels of IL-2 and proliferated when stimulated with EphA2+/HER2+ cells. Little IL-2 secretion and no proliferation was observed after stimulation of the same T cells with EphA2+/HER2- cells, indicating these T cells are only fully activated in the presence of both target antigens. Upon repeated stimulation with EphA2+/HER2+ tumor cells, EphA2-ENG/HER2-CoCAR T cells continued to secrete IL-2 and proliferate without the addition of external cytokines for at least 10 weeks. Conclusions: EphA2-ENG/HER2-CoCAR T cells demonstrated robust dual antigen dependent IL-2 secretion, and continued proliferation upon repeat stimulation with EphA2+/HER2+ cells. Thus, providing antigen-specific costimulation is a potential strategy to improve the safety and efficacy of T-cell therapy for cancer.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

36

Roe, Anna Wang, and Daniel Y. Ts'o. "Specificity of Color Connectivity Between Primate V1 and V2." Journal of Neurophysiology 82, no. 5 (November 1, 1999): 2719–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.82.5.2719.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

To examine the functional interactions between the color and form pathways in the primate visual cortex, we have examined the functional connectivity between pairs of color oriented and nonoriented V1 and V2 neurons in Macaque monkeys. Optical imaging maps for color selectivity, orientation preference, and ocular dominance were used to identify specific functional compartments within V1 and V2 (blobs and thin stripes). These sites then were targeted with multiple electrodes, single neurons isolated, and their receptive fields characterized for orientation selectivity and color selectivity. Functional interactions between pairs of V1 and V2 neurons were inferred by cross-correlation analysis of spike firing. Three types of color interactions were studied: nonoriented V1/nonoriented V2 cell pairs, nonoriented V1/oriented V2 cell pairs, and oriented V1/nonoriented V2 cell pairs. In general, interactions between V1 and V2 neurons are highly dependent on color matching. Different cell pairs exhibited differing dependencies on spatial overlap. Interactions between nonoriented color cells in V1 and V2 are dependent on color matching but not on receptive field overlap, suggesting a role for these interactions in coding of color surfaces. In contrast, interactions between nonoriented V1 and oriented V2 color cells exhibit a strong dependency on receptive field overlap, suggesting a separate pathway for processing of color contour information. Yet another pattern of connectivity was observed between oriented V1 and nonoriented V2 cells; these cells exhibited interactions only when receptive fields were far apart and failed to interact when spatially overlapped. Such interactions may underlie the induction of color and brightness percepts from border contrasts. Our findings thus suggest the presence of separate color pathways between V1 and V2, each with differing patterns of convergence and divergence and distinct roles in color and form vision.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

37

Amara, Mohamed, Fabien Mandorlo, Romain Couderc, Félix Gerenton, and Mustapha Lemiti. "Temperature and color management of silicon solar cells for building integrated photovoltaic." EPJ Photovoltaics 9 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjpv/2017008.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Color management of integrated photovoltaics must meet two criteria of performance: provide maximum conversion efficiency and allow getting the chosen colors with an appropriate brightness, more particularly when using side by side solar cells of different colors. As the cooling conditions are not necessarily optimal, we need to take into account the influence of the heat transfer and temperature. In this article, we focus on the color space and brightness achieved by varying the antireflective properties of flat silicon solar cells. We demonstrate that taking into account the thermal effects allows freely choosing the color and adapting the brightness with a small impact on the conversion efficiency, except for dark blue solar cells. This behavior is especially true when heat exchange by convection is low. Our optical simulations show that the perceived color, for single layer ARC, is not varying with the position of the observer, whatever the chosen color. The use of a double layer ARC adds flexibility to tune the wanted color since the color space is greatly increased in the green and yellow directions. Last, choosing the accurate material allows both bright colors and high conversion efficiency at the same time.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

38

Lauwereyns, Johan, Masamichi Sakagami, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui, Shunsuke Kobayashi, Masashi Koizumi, and Okihide Hikosaka. "Responses to Task-Irrelevant Visual Features by Primate Prefrontal Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 86, no. 4 (October 1, 2001): 2001–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2001.86.4.2001.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The primate brain is equipped with prefrontal circuits for interpreting visual information, but how these circuits deal with competing stimulus-response (S-R) associations remains unknown. Here we show different types of responses to task-irrelevant visual features in three functionally dissociated groups of primate prefrontal neurons. Two Japanese macaques participated in a go/no-go task in which they had to discriminate either the color or the motion direction of a visual target to make a correct manual response. Prior to the experiment, the monkeys had been trained extensively so that they acquired fixed associations between visual features and required responses (e.g., “green = go”; “downward motion = no-go”). In this design, the monkey was confronted with a visual target from which it had to extract relevant information (e.g., color in the color-discrimination condition) while ignoring irrelevant information (e.g., motion direction in the color-discrimination condition). We recorded from 436 task-related prefrontal neurons while the monkey performed the multidimensional go/no-go task: 139 (32%) neurons showed go/no-go discrimination based on color as well as motion direction (“integration cells”); 192 neurons (44%) showed go/no-go discrimination only based on color (“color-feature cells”); and 105 neurons (24%) showed go/no-go discrimination only based on motion direction (“motion-feature cells”). Overall, however, 162 neurons (37%) were influenced by irrelevant information: 53 neurons (38%) among integration cells, 71 neurons (37%) among color-feature cells, and 38 neurons (36%) among motion-feature cells. Across all types of neurons, the response to an irrelevant feature was positively correlated with the response to the same feature when it was relevant, indicating that the influence from irrelevant information is a residual from S-R associations that are relevant in a different context. Temporal and anatomical differences among integration, color-feature and motion-feature cells suggested a sequential mode of information processing in prefrontal cortex, with integration cells situated toward the output of the decision-making process. In these cells, the response to irrelevant information appears as a congruency effect, with better go/no-go discrimination when both the relevant and irrelevant feature are associated with the same response than when they are associated with different responses. This congruency effect could be the result of the combined input from color- and motion-feature cells. Thus these data suggest that irrelevant features lead to partial activation of neurons even toward the output of the decision-making process in primate prefrontal cortex.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

39

Gegenfurtner, Karl R., Daniel C. Kiper, and Jonathan B. Levitt. "Functional Properties of Neurons in Macaque Area V3." Journal of Neurophysiology 77, no. 4 (April 1, 1997): 1906–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.77.4.1906.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Gegenfurtner, Karl R., Daniel C. Kiper, and Jonathan B. Levitt. Functional properties of neurons in macaque area V3. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 1906–1923, 1997. We investigated the functional properties of neurons in extrastriate area V3. V3 receives inputs from both magno- and parvocellular pathways and has prominent projections to both the middle temporal area (area MT) and V4. It may therefore represent an important site for integration and transformation of visual signals. We recorded the activity of single units representing the central 10° in anesthetized, paralyzed macaque monkeys. We measured each cell's spatial, temporal, chromatic, and motion properties with the use of a variety of stimuli. Results were compared with measurements made in V2 neurons at similar eccentricities. Similar to area V2, most of the neurons in our sample (80%) were orientation selective, and the distribution of orientation bandwidths was similar to that found in V2. Neurons in V3 preferred lower spatial and higher temporal frequencies than V2 neurons. Contrast thresholds of V3 neurons were extremely low. Achromatic contrast sensitivity was much higher than in V2, and similar to that found in MT. About 40% of all neurons showed strong directional selectivity. We did not find strongly directional cells in layer 4 of V3, the layer in which the bulk of V1 and V2 inputs terminate. This property seems to be developed within area V3. An analysis of the responses of directionally selective cells to plaid patterns showed that in area V3, as in MT and unlike in V1 and V2, there exist cells sensitive to the motion of the plaid pattern rather than to that of the components. The exact proportion of cells classified as being selective to color depended to a large degree on the experiment and on the criteria used for classification. With the use of the same conditions as in a previous study of V2 cells, we found as many (54%) color-selective cells as in V2 (50%). Furthermore, the responses of V3 cells to colored sinusoidal gratings were well described by a linear combination of cone inputs. The two subpopulations of cells responsive to color and to motion overlapped to a large extent, and we found a significant proportion of cells that gave reliable and directional responses to drifting isoluminant gratings. Our results show that there is a significant interaction between color and motion processing in area V3, and that V3 cells exhibit the more complex motion properties typically observed at later stages of visual processing.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

40

Kim, Tae Young, Nam Jin Jeon, Ho Young Jung, Ji Hyun Kim, and Sung Yong Cho. "Adsorption and Photovoltaic Properties of Lac-Color on TiO2 for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 1989–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.15958.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The adsorption and photovoltaic characteristics of Lac-color on TiO2 thin film for dye-sensitized solar cells were investigated. The adsorption isotherms of Lac-color on TiO2 thin film could be represented by the Langmuir equation. The adsorption capacity of Lac-color on TiO2 thin film increased with increasing temperature. The photovoltaic conversion efficiencies of Lac-color increased with increasing amount of dye adsorbed on TiO2 photo electrode. The energy conversion efficiency of Lac-color was 0.12%.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

41

MORELAND, J. D., and S. WESTLAND. "Macular pigment and color discrimination." Visual Neuroscience 23, no. 3-4 (May 2006): 549–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523806233522.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

An earlier modeling study of the effect of changes in macular pigment optical density (MPOD) on a wide range of surface colors is re-examined. That study reported changes in local chromaticity variance and in color spacing, some of which were incompatible with tritan-like confusions in normals associated with high-simulated MPOD. This disagreement might have arisen through the use of the von Kries correction for adaptation. The analysis is repeated, using 1782 reflectance spectra of natural and man-made colors. These colors are segregated into an array of 25 equally populated cells in an analogue of the MacLeod-Boynton cone excitation diagram. Removing the von Kries correction restores compatibility with other experimental data. Differences between the results for normal and anomalous trichromats, noted in the earlier study, are confirmed. An analysis of local chromaticity variance across color space indicates the presence of systematic patterns. The earlier study also reported differences in results across observer types (for example, between normals and protanomals) and this is addressed here by utilizing fundamentals defined by a variable photopigment template. Chromaticities are computed for the same 1782 reflectance spectra for normals and for a set of protanomals (for whom the anomalous L pigment is shifted between the normal L and M spectral locations). Colors are segregated into an array of 100 cells in an analogue of the MacLeod-Boynton cone excitation diagram. Changes in chromaticity variance with MPOD for these cells are mapped for normals and protanomals. Variance along the L/(L + M) axis is sensitive to the number of cells used for segmentation. It also increases with MPOD for normal observers but this trend reverses as the wavelength of maximum sensitivity of the L cone shifts towards shorter wavelengths (protanomalous locations).

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

42

Letwin, BW, PK Wallace, KA Muirhead, GL Hensler, WH Kashatus, and PK Horan. "An improved clonal excess assay using flow cytometry and B-cell gating." Blood 75, no. 5 (March 1, 1990): 1178–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v75.5.1178.1178.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Abstract In humans with B-cell malignancies, the presence of monoclonal B lymphocytes (clonal proliferation) can be detected by comparing the fluorescence intensity distributions of lymphocytes stained with anti- kappa and anti-lambda reagents. The sensitivity of previously described single-color immunofluorescence techniques to low levels of clonal excess is limited by background from cytophilic immunoglobulins on non- B cells and by the low proportion of circulating B cells in individuals with minimal disease. We have used two-color immunofluorescence and B- cell gating to develop an improved assay that avoids false positives due to non-B cells, without requiring restrictive light scatter gates that may exclude true positives. This method is sensitive to 0.2% monoclonal B cells admixed with fresh normal lymphocytes, to 0.6% monoclonal B cells admixed with normal lymphocytes that have been stored for up to 72 hours, and readily detects 1% monoclonal cells in patient specimens. The two color B-cell gated assay offers sensitivity equivalent to the single-color assay and improved specificity for detection of low levels of clonal excess.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

43

Letwin, BW, PK Wallace, KA Muirhead, GL Hensler, WH Kashatus, and PK Horan. "An improved clonal excess assay using flow cytometry and B-cell gating." Blood 75, no. 5 (March 1, 1990): 1178–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v75.5.1178.bloodjournal7551178.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

In humans with B-cell malignancies, the presence of monoclonal B lymphocytes (clonal proliferation) can be detected by comparing the fluorescence intensity distributions of lymphocytes stained with anti- kappa and anti-lambda reagents. The sensitivity of previously described single-color immunofluorescence techniques to low levels of clonal excess is limited by background from cytophilic immunoglobulins on non- B cells and by the low proportion of circulating B cells in individuals with minimal disease. We have used two-color immunofluorescence and B- cell gating to develop an improved assay that avoids false positives due to non-B cells, without requiring restrictive light scatter gates that may exclude true positives. This method is sensitive to 0.2% monoclonal B cells admixed with fresh normal lymphocytes, to 0.6% monoclonal B cells admixed with normal lymphocytes that have been stored for up to 72 hours, and readily detects 1% monoclonal cells in patient specimens. The two color B-cell gated assay offers sensitivity equivalent to the single-color assay and improved specificity for detection of low levels of clonal excess.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

44

Kusunoki, Makoto, Konstantinos Moutoussis, and Semir Zeki. "Effect of Background Colors on the Tuning of Color-Selective Cells in Monkey Area V4." Journal of Neurophysiology 95, no. 5 (May 2006): 3047–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00597.2005.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

When objects are viewed in different illuminants, their color does not change or changes little in spite of significant changes in the wavelength composition of the light reflected from them. In previous studies, we have addressed the physiology underlying this color constancy by recording from cells in areas V1, V2, and V4 of the anesthetized monkey. Truly color-coded cells, ones that respond to a patch of a given color irrespective of the wavelength composition of the light reflected from it, were only found in area V4. In the present study, we have used a different approach to test the responses of V4 cells in both anesthetized and awake behaving monkeys. Stimuli of different colors, embedded within a Mondrian-type multicolored background, were used to identify the chromatic selectivity of neurons. The illumination of the background was then varied, and the tuning of V4 neurons was tested again for each background illumination. With anesthetized monkeys, the psychophysical effect of changing background illumination was inferred from our own experience, whereas in the awake behaving animal, it was directly reported by the monkey. We found that the majority of V4 neurons shifted their color-tuning profile with each change in the background illumination: each time the color of the background on the computer screen was changed so as to simulate a change in illumination, cells shifted their color-tuning function in the direction of the chromaticity component that had been increased. A similar shift was also observed in colored match-to-sample psychometric functions of both human and monkey. The shift in monkey psychometric functions was quantitatively equivalent to the shift in the responses of the corresponding population of cells. We conclude that neurons in area V4 exhibit the property of color constancy and that their response properties are thus able to reflect color perception.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

45

Barrow, Harry G., Alistair J. Bray, and Julian M. L. Budd. "A Self-Organizing Model of “Color Blob” Formation." Neural Computation 8, no. 7 (October 1996): 1427–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.1996.8.7.1427.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This paper explores the possibility that the formation of color blobs in primate striate cortex can be partly explained through the process of activity-based self-organization. We present a simulation of a highly simplified model of visual processing along the parvocellular pathway, that combines precortical color processing, excitatory and inhibitory cortical interactions, and Hebbian learning. The model self-organizes in response to natural color images and develops islands of unoriented, color-selective cells within a sea of contrast-sensitive, orientation-selective cells. By way of understanding this topography, a principal component analysis of the color inputs presented to the network reveals that the optimal linear coding of these inputs keeps color information and contrast information separate.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

46

Saes, Bart W. H., Martijn M. Wienk, and René A. J. Janssen. "Photochromic organic solar cells based on diarylethenes." RSC Advances 10, no. 50 (2020): 30176–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra04508j.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

47

Li, Chenge, Marie-Aude Plamont, Hanna L. Sladitschek, Vanessa Rodrigues, Isabelle Aujard, Pierre Neveu, Thomas Le Saux, Ludovic Jullien, and Arnaud Gautier. "Dynamic multicolor protein labeling in living cells." Chemical Science 8, no. 8 (2017): 5598–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7sc01364g.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

48

Shih, Ju Yi, Shu Ling Lai, and Huai Tzu Cheng. "The Principle and Applications of Colored Solar Cells." Advanced Materials Research 706-708 (June 2013): 420–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.706-708.420.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Solar Energy is a kind of green and renewable energy, and solar cells can be used to convert solar energy to electricity. Due to the requirements of carbon reduction and energy saving as well as the policy of Government incentive, the installation of solar energy system is becoming more and more popular. However, the available ground surface is limited, and the installation site of solar energy is gradually extended to building roofs, fish bonds and other special places. Because the traditional solar cells tend to monotonous dark blue or reddish brown color, the aspiration for colored solar cells is appeared in recent years to cope with the aesthetic requirement for solar facilities in the living environment. This paper discusses the principle and applications of colored solar cells, including the types of colored products, and the methods of making color change. In addition, the theory of chromatic has been used to explain the guidelines of color selection and coordination of solar cells in various situations and applications.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

49

Baden, T., and D. Osorio. "The Retinal Basis of Vertebrate Color Vision." Annual Review of Vision Science 5, no. 1 (September 15, 2019): 177–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-vision-091718-014926.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The jawless fish that were ancestral to all living vertebrates had four spectral cone types that were probably served by chromatic-opponent retinal circuits. Subsequent evolution of photoreceptor spectral sensitivities is documented for many vertebrate lineages, giving insight into the ecological adaptation of color vision. Beyond the photoreceptors, retinal color processing is best understood in mammals, especially the blueONsystem, which opposes short- against long-wavelength receptor responses. For other vertebrates that often have three or four types of cone pigment, new findings from zebrafish are extending older work on teleost fish and reptiles to reveal rich color circuitry. Here, horizontal cells establish diverse and complex spectral responses even in photoreceptor outputs. Cone-selective connections to bipolar cells then set up color-opponent synaptic layers in the inner retina, which lead to a large variety of color-opponent channels for transmission to the brain via retinal ganglion cells.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

50

Nunez, Valerie, Robert M. Shapley, and James Gordon. "Cortical Double-Opponent Cells in Color Perception: Perceptual Scaling and Chromatic Visual Evoked Potentials." i-Perception 9, no. 1 (January 2018): 204166951775271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041669517752715.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

In the early visual cortex V1, there are currently only two known neural substrates for color perception: single-opponent and double-opponent cells. Our aim was to explore the relative contributions of these neurons to color perception. We measured the perceptual scaling of color saturation for equiluminant color checkerboard patterns (designed to stimulate double-opponent neurons preferentially) and uniformly colored squares (designed to stimulate only single-opponent neurons) at several cone contrasts. The spatially integrative responses of single-opponent neurons would produce the same response magnitude for checkerboards as for uniform squares of the same space-averaged cone contrast. However, perceived saturation of color checkerboards was higher than for the corresponding squares. The perceptual results therefore imply that double-opponent cells are involved in color perception of patterns. We also measured the chromatic visual evoked potential (cVEP) produced by the same stimuli; checkerboard cVEPs were much larger than those for corresponding squares, implying that double-opponent cells also contribute to the cVEP response. The total Fourier power of the cVEP grew sublinearly with cone contrast. However, the 6-Hz Fourier component’s power grew linearly with contrast-like saturation perception. This may also indicate that cortical coding of color depends on response dynamics.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Статті в журналах з теми "Colar cells"

Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями