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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Coherent Beam Multiplexing. Spectral Multiplexing"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Coherent Beam Multiplexing. Spectral Multiplexing"

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Feng, Y., R. Alonso-Mori, T. R. M. Barends, V. D. Blank, S. Botha, M. Chollet, D. S. Damiani, et al. "Demonstration of simultaneous experiments using thin crystal multiplexing at the Linac Coherent Light Source." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 22, no. 3 (April 10, 2015): 626–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577515003999.

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Анотація:
Multiplexing of the Linac Coherent Light Source beam was demonstrated for hard X-rays by spectral division using a near-perfect diamond thin-crystal monochromator operating in the Bragg geometry. The wavefront and coherence properties of both the reflected and transmitted beams were well preserved, thus allowing simultaneous measurements at two separate instruments. In this report, the structure determination of a prototypical protein was performed using serial femtosecond crystallography simultaneously with a femtosecond time-resolved XANES studies of photoexcited spin transition dynamics in an iron spin-crossover system. The results of both experiments using the multiplexed beams are similar to those obtained separately, using a dedicated beam, with no significant differences in quality.
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Jiang, Cheng, Hongpei Wang, Hongmei Chen, Hao Dai, Ziyang Zhang, Xiaohui Li, and Zhonghui Yao. "Broadband Quantum Dot Superluminescent Diode with Simultaneous Three-State Emission." Nanomaterials 12, no. 9 (April 22, 2022): 1431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12091431.

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Semiconductor superluminescent light-emitting diodes (SLEDs) have emerged as ideal and vital broadband light sources with extensive applications, such as optical fiber-based sensors, biomedical sensing/imaging, wavelength-division multiplexing system testing and optoelectronic systems, etc. Self-assembled quantum dots (SAQDs) are very promising candidates for the realization of broadband SLED due to their intrinsic large inhomogeneous spectral broadening. Introducing excited states (ESs) emission could further increase the spectral bandwidth. However, almost all QD-based SLEDs are limited to the ground state (GS) or GS and first excited state (ES1) emission. In this work, multiple five-QD-layer structures with large dot size inhomogeneous distribution were grown by optimizing the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth conditions. Based on that, with the assistance of a carefully designed mirror-coating process to accurately control the cavity mirror loss of GS and ESs, respectively, a broadband QD-SLED with three simultaneous states of GS, ES1 and second excited-state (ES2) emission has been realized, exhibiting a large spectral width of 91 nm with a small spectral dip of 1.3 dB and a high continuous wave (CW) output power of 40 mW. These results pave the way for a new fabrication technique for high-performance QD-based low-coherent light sources.
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3

Zhang, Chenghong, Fangrui Qu, Peiwen Ou, Haoqi Sun, Shi He, and Bo Fu. "Recent Advances and Outlook in Single-Cavity Dual Comb Lasers." Photonics 10, no. 2 (February 18, 2023): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10020221.

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Dual-comb spectroscopy as an emerging tool for spectral analysis has been investigated in a wide range of applications, including absorption spectroscopy, light detection and ranging, and nonlinear spectral imaging. Two mutually coherent combs facilitate high-precision, high-resolution, and broadband spectroscopy. Recently, dual combs generated from a single cavity have become compelling options for dual-comb spectroscopy, enabling huge simplification to measuring systems. Here, we review the progress of single-cavity dual comb lasers in recent years and summarize the distinctive advantages of single-cavity dual combs. First, the principles of optical frequency comb and dual-comb spectroscopy are introduced in time and frequency domains. Then, the implementation techniques and typical applications of single-cavity dual comb lasers are discussed, including directional multiplexing, wavelength multiplexing, polarization multiplexing, and space multiplexing. Finally, an outlook on the development of single-cavity dual combs is presented.
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Wang, Fanggang, and Xiaodong Wang. "Coherent Optical DFT-Spread OFDM." Advances in Optical Technologies 2011 (March 31, 2011): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/689289.

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We consider application of the discrete Fourier transform-spread orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (DFT-spread OFDM) technique to high-speed fiber optic communications. The DFT-spread OFDM is a form of single-carrier technique that possesses almost all advantages of the multicarrier OFDM technique (such as high spectral efficiency, flexible bandwidth allocation, low sampling rate, and low-complexity equalization). In particular, we consider the optical DFT-spread OFDM system with polarization division multiplexing (PDM) that employs a tone-by-tone linear minimum mean square error (MMSE) equalizer. We show that such a system offers a much lower peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) performance as well as better bit error rate (BER) performance compared with the optical OFDM system that employs amplitude clipping.
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Dong, Siyuan, Radhika Shiradkar, Pariksheet Nanda, and Guoan Zheng. "Spectral multiplexing and coherent-state decomposition in Fourier ptychographic imaging." Biomedical Optics Express 5, no. 6 (May 9, 2014): 1757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/boe.5.001757.

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Boutet, Sébastien, Lutz Foucar, Thomas R. M. Barends, Sabine Botha, R. Bruce Doak, Jason E. Koglin, Marc Messerschmidt, et al. "Characterization and use of the spent beam for serial operation of LCLS." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 22, no. 3 (April 11, 2015): 634–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577515004002.

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X-ray free-electron laser sources such as the Linac Coherent Light Source offer very exciting possibilities for unique research. However, beam time at such facilities is very limited and in high demand. This has led to significant efforts towards beam multiplexing of various forms. One such effort involves re-using the so-called spent beam that passes through the hole in an area detector after a weak interaction with a primary sample. This beam can be refocused into a secondary interaction region and used for a second, independent experiment operating in series. The beam profile of this refocused beam was characterized for a particular experimental geometry at the Coherent X-ray Imaging instrument at LCLS. A demonstration of this multiplexing capability was performed with two simultaneous serial femtosecond crystallography experiments, both yielding interpretable data of sufficient quality to produce electron density maps.
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7

Wipfler, Alexander, Tiago Buckup, and Marcus Motzkus. "Multiplexing single-beam coherent anti-stokes Raman spectroscopy with heterodyne detection." Applied Physics Letters 100, no. 7 (February 13, 2012): 071102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3680209.

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Kadhim, Muthanna Ali, Ali Yousif Fattah, and Atheer Alaa Sabri. "Spectral efficiency and performance improvement of coherent optical transmission system." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 27, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v27.i1.pp290-300.

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This paper presents an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) for a long-haul optical transmission system with high-rate transferability to alleviate dispersion effects. In addition, we suggest combining polarization division multiplexing (PDM) with coherent OFDM (CO-OFDM) to increase spectral efficiency (SE). Based on OptiSystem (2021) version 18.0" software package, a 100 Gbps single-channel PDM-CO-OFDM transmission system is investigated using different modulation formats; bipolar phase keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), Eight-Phase-Shift Keying modulators (8-PSK), and quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM). A 60 km span of standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) cable is employed in this investigation. The system's performance and spectral efficiency have been evaluated by comparing against the different modulation schemes. The outcomes that were got show that the BPSK modulation scheme has the longest transmission distance and requires a lesser level of optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) at the receiver side. Concerning spectral efficiency, 16-QAM outperforms the others. Farther, the impact of employing ultra-low loss and large effective area fiber in reducing loss and nonlinear effects in the optical channel for 16-QAM modulation formats is examined. The result found that the system with advanced fiber has superior performance than the SSMF. The bit error rate (BER) of 0.033 (20% concatenated forward error correction (FEC) threshold) is used as a baseline.
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Yu, Tian-You, Marko B. Orescanin, Christopher D. Curtis, Dusan S. Zrnić, and Douglas E. Forsyth. "Beam Multiplexing Using the Phased-Array Weather Radar." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 24, no. 4 (April 1, 2007): 616–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech2052.1.

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Abstract The recently installed S-band phased-array radar (PAR) at the National Weather Radar Testbed (NWRT) offers fast and flexible beam steering through electronic beam forming. This capability allows the implementation of a novel scanning strategy termed beam multiplexing (BMX), with the goal of providing fast updates of weather information with high statistical accuracy. For conventional weather radar the data acquisition time for a sector scan or a volume coverage pattern (VCP) can be reduced by increasing the antenna’s rotation rate to the extent that the pedestal allows. However, statistical errors of the spectral moment estimates will increase due to the fewer samples that are available for the estimation. BMX is developed to exploit the idea of collecting independent samples and maximizing the usage of radar resources. An improvement factor is introduced to quantify the BMX performance, which is defined by the reduction in data acquisition time using BMX when the same data accuracy obtained by a conventional scanning strategy is maintained. It is shown theoretically that a fast update without compromising data quality can be achieved using BMX at small spectrum widths and a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Applications of BMX to weather observations are demonstrated using the PAR, and the results indicate that an average improvement factor of 2–4 can be obtained for SNR higher than 10 dB.
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MYARA, M., P. SIGNORET, J. P. TOURRENC, B. ORSAL, and J. JACQUET. "1/f NOISE IN DBR TUNABLE LASERS." Fluctuation and Noise Letters 06, no. 01 (March 2006): L35—L43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219477506003124.

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Tunable Lasers are key-components for Wavelength Division Multiplexing optical communication applications at 1.55μm. In this paper, we compare a rate equation model with measurements performed in order to study the Bragg section contribution in the 1/f-optical-beam noise power spectral density.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Coherent Beam Multiplexing. Spectral Multiplexing"

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Carvalho, Luis Henrique Hecker de 1988. "Avaliação experimental da transmissão óptica em altas taxas de supercanais com diferentes técnicas de multiplexação de subportadoras : Experimental evaluation of high-speed optical transmission of superchannels formed by different subcarrier multiplexing techniques." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/261925.

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Анотація:
Orientadores: Aldário Chrestani Bordonalli, Júlio César Rodrigues Fernandes de Oliveira
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-27T13:36:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carvalho_LuisHenriqueHeckerde_M.pdf: 8092940 bytes, checksum: da29699f8638d37de27fc0743c89a013 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: Uma das alternativas para os sistemas de transmissão óptica de próxima geração é o uso de múltiplos subcanais ópticos densamente multiplexados em frequência (supercanais) com alta eficiência espectral. Supercanais ópticos empregam o processamento paralelo de sinais para alcançar taxas de transmissão além dos limites da eletrônica. Atualmente, as técnicas CO-OFDM e Nyquist WDM são vistas como as principais para a implementação de supercanais ópticos. Neste trabalho, estudam-se abordagens para aumentar a capacidade de transmissão dos sistemas ópticos por meio da realização de supercanais. A implementação em laboratório, análise de desempenho e comparativo entre as técnicas CO-OFDM e Nyquist WDM são realizadas para sistemas operando a 400 Gb/s e 1 Tb/s por canal, com modulação DP-16QAM e eficiências espectrais que chegam a 6 b/s/Hz e acima. Os principais desafios e soluções para a implementação de sistemas de transmissão óptica de próxima geração baseados em supercanais são identificados
Abstract: One of the options for the next generation of optical transmission systems is the use of multiple optical subchannels densely multiplexed in frequency (superchannels) with high spectral efficiency. Optical superchannels employ parallel signal processing to achieve transmission rates beyond the limits of electronics. Currently, CO-OFDM and Nyquist WDM are seen as the main techniques to the implementation of optical superchannels. In this work, different ways to increase the capacity of the current optical systems by the realization of superchannels are studied. The experimental implementation, performance analysis, and comparison between CO-OFDM and Nyquist WDM techniques are performed for systems operating at 400 Gb/s and 1 Tb/s per-channel with DP-16QAM modulation and spectral efficiencies of 6 b/s/Hz and beyond. The main challenges and solutions for the implementation of next generation optical transmission systems based on superchannels are identified
Mestrado
Telecomunicações e Telemática
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
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2

Shahpari, Ali. "Next generation optical access networks : technologies and economics." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14857.

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Doutoramento em Engenharia Eletrotécnica - Telecomunicações
The work presented herein, studies Next Generation Optical Access Networks (NG-OAN) economically (e.g. energy consumption) and technologically (e.g. rate, reach and dedicated/shared bandwidth). The work is divided into four main topics: energy efficiency in optical access architectures, novel spectrally efficient Long-Reach Passive Optical Networks (LR-PON), crosstalk impacts in heterogeneous and homogenous access networks and hybrid optical wireless transmissions. We investigate the impact of user profiles, optical distribution network topologies and equipment characteristics on resource sharing and power consumption in LR-PON. To have a clear vision on the energy consumption evolution of each part of NG-OAN, a model is proposed to evaluate the energy efficiency of optical access technologies. A spectrally efficient bidirectional Ultra-Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (UDWDM) PON architecture is developed using Nyquist shaped 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation, offering up to 10 Gb/s service capabilities per user or wavelength. Performance of this system in terms of receiver sensitivity and nonlinear tolerance under different network transmission capacity conditions are experimentally optimized. In bi-directional transmis-sion, using frequency up/down-shifting of Nyquist pulse shaped signal from optical carrier, a full bandwidth allocation and easy maintenance of UDWDM networks as well as reduction of Rayleigh back-scattering are achieved. Moreover, self-homodyne detection is used to relax the laser linewidth requirement and digital signal processing complexity at the optical network unit. Simplified numerical model to estimate the impact of Raman crosstalk of multi-system next generation PONs in video overlay is proposed. Coexistence of considered G.98X ITU-T series and coherent multi-wavelength systems is considered and assessed. Additionally, the performances of bidirectional hybrid optical wireless coherent PONs over different optical distribution network power budgets and hybrid splitting ratios are evaluated.
O trabalho aqui apresentado estuda redes óticas de acesso de próxima geração (NG-OAN) nas vertentes económica (consumo de energia) e tecnológica (taxa, alcance e largura de banda dedicada/partilhada). O trabalho está dividido em quatro grandes temas de investigação: a eficiência energética em arquiteturas de acesso ótico, as redes óticas passivas de longo alcance (LR-PON) com nova eficiência espetral, o impacto da diafonia em redes de acesso heterogéneas e homogéneas e as transmissões ópticas híbridas com tecnologias sem fio. Investiga-se o impacto dos perfis dos utilizadores, as tipologias da rede de distribuição ótica, as características do equipamento de partilha de recursos e o consumo de energia em LR-PON. Para se ter uma visão clara sobre o consumo de energia de cada parte das NG-OAN, é proposto um modelo para avaliar a eficiência energética das tecnologias de acesso óticas. Desenvolve-se uma arquitetura PON bi-direcional com elevada eficiência espetral, recorrendo a multiplexagem por divisão de comprimento de onda ultra-densa (UDWDM), modulação de amplitude em quadratura com formato de impulso de Nyquist, oferecendo até 10 Gb/s por utilizador/comprimento de onda. O desempenho deste sistema em termos de sensibilidade do recetor e da tolerância à resposta não linear do canal de comunicação, sob diferentes condições de transmissão, é avaliado experimentalm-ente. Em transmissão bi-direcional, utilizando desvio de frequência (cima/baixo) do impulso com formato de Nyquist relativo à portadora ótica conseguiu-se uma alocação de largura de banda completa e uma manutenção mais simplificada de redes UDWDM, bem como a redução do espalhamento de Rayleigh. Além disso, a deteção auto-homodina é usada para relaxar o requisito de largura de linha do laser e a complexidade do processamento digital de sinal nas unidades da rede ótica. Propõe-se um modelo numérico simplificado para estimar o impacto da diafonia de Raman em sistemas PON de próxima geração, com sobreposição do sinal de vídeo. É analisada a coexistência da série G.98X ITU-T e são considerados e avaliados sistemas coerentes multi-comprimento de onda. Adicionalmente avaliam-se os desempenhos de PONs bi-direcionais híbridas, considerando tecnologia coerente e propagação por espaço livre, para diferentes balanços de potência e taxas de repartição na rede ótica de distribuição.
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Fernandez, de Jauregui Ruiz Ivan. "Advanced modulation formats and nonlinear mitigation for spectral efficient optical transmission systems." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TELE0009/document.

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Анотація:
La majeure partie des communications mondiales est transportée par des systèmes transocéaniques à fibre optique. Il est estimé que d'ici 2020 le trafic de données atteindra 4.3 ZB par an. Afin de faire face à cette demande, différentes technologies sont actuellement étudiées pour augmenter la capacité des systèmes de transmission très longue distance. Avec l'avènement des circuits intégrés à haute vitesse, des formats de modulation avancés et des techniques de traitement de signal numérique (DSP) peuvent être utilisés pour maximiser l'efficacité spectrale de transmission. Par ailleurs, la capacité des systèmes modernes est fortement limitée par les effets non-linéaires de type Kerr dans la fibre. Ainsi, la première partie de ce travail est axée sur l’étude de la performance et des gains réalisables par des techniques DSP à faible complexité pour mitiger les effets non-linéaires monocanal. En outre, l’utilisation des formats de modulation multiniveaux à haute efficacité spectrale au-delà de 16QAM a pris de l'ampleur pour augmenter le débit de transmission des systèmes, notamment avec l’introduction des formats QAM avec mise en forme probabiliste (PCS-QAM), plus performants que les formats QAM classiques. La deuxième partie de ce travail présente donc une comparaison théorique ainsi qu’expérimentale du format PCS-64QAM avec d’autres formats à haute efficacité spectrale pour les distances transatlantiques. La mise en œuvre d’un format PCS-64QAM conçu pour les distances transpacifiques est également abordée. Enfin, la dernière partie de ce travail concrétise les résultats des travaux menés dans les deux sections précédentes en présentant plusieurs records de transmission
Global data traffic is expected to reach up to 4.3 ZB per year by 2020. With the majority of the global communications being transported on submarine point-to-point fiber-optic systems, different cutting-edge technologies have been under research to cope with this unprecedented traffic growth. Continuous advances in high-speed integrated circuits have allowed the use of advanced modulation formats and digital signal processing (DSP) techniques to maximize the transmission spectral efficiency. With mitigation of fiber linear effects efficiently carried out by DSP with relative low-complexity, the capacity of modern fiber optic systems rests limited by fiber nonlinearities. To this extent, in the first part of this work, the performance and achievable benefits of low-complexity DSP techniques aiming to mitigate fiber Kerr nonlinear effects are investigated. Besides nonlinear compensation techniques, the use of multi-level modulation formats beyond 16QAM and high symbol rate channels have gained momentum to increase the system spectral efficiency. One of the major breakthroughs in the recent years, has been the introduction of QAM-based probabilistic constellation shaping (PCS-QAM), which has proven to outperform regular QAM formats. In this sense, in the second part of this work, the practical achievable rate increase brought by PCS-QAM for transoceanic distances is investigated. A theoretical and experimental comparison with other high-capacity formats is performed, and the design of a PCS-QAM for trans-Pacific distances is addressed. Finally, in the last section, several transmission records using the two above techniques are reported
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Частини книг з теми "Coherent Beam Multiplexing. Spectral Multiplexing"

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Li, An, Di Che, Qian Hu, Xi Chen, and William Shieh. "Spectrally Efficient Multiplexing - OFDM." In Enabling Technologies for High Spectral-Efficiency Coherent Optical Communication Networks, 157–200. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119078289.ch5.

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Bosco, Gabriella. "Spectrally Efficient Multiplexing: NYQUIST-WDM." In Enabling Technologies for High Spectral-Efficiency Coherent Optical Communication Networks, 123–56. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119078289.ch4.

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Ryf, Roland, and Nicolas K. Fontaine. "Space-Division Multiplexing and MIMO Processing." In Enabling Technologies for High Spectral-Efficiency Coherent Optical Communication Networks, 547–608. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119078289.ch16.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Coherent Beam Multiplexing. Spectral Multiplexing"

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Chao, T. H., and M. Chen. "Large capacity optical correlator by wavelength-angle multiplexing." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1985.the5.

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A novel approach of building a large capacity optical correlator using VanderLugt’s matched spatial filter is introduced in which a tunable dye laser is used as the coherent light source and a rotatable diffraction grating is placed at the input object plane. While sequentially rotating the grating about the optical axis and tuning the wavelength of the dye laser, the input signal spectrum is scanned along trajectories of concentric circles at the Fourier plane. With this 2-D scanning approach, the number of matched filters that can be built at the Fourier plane is greatly increased due to the more effective use of the system space-bandwidth product. In synthesizing the spatially multiplexed matched filters, a monochromatic laser is used instead of a dye laser since the latter generally does not provide adequate coherence length. To accommodate the wavelength shift between the filters recording and signal correlation detection, a compensation technique which includes the scaling of the signal spectrum and the reference beam angle according to the wavelength ratio is utilized during filter fabrication. This large capacity of the optical correlator can be effectively used with high speed and accuracy for multisignal detections with scale and orientation variations. Several illustrating experimental demonstrations of this correlation system using wavelength-angle multiplexing are presented.
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Moharam, M. G. "Angular selectivity of multiplexed holographic gratings." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1988.tub8.

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Holographic and surface-relief gratings are of wide interest due to their many applications in integrated optics, acoustooptics, holography, optical data and image processing, and spectral analysis. A significant number of recent applications, including optical interconnects, acoustooptical signal processing, multicolor display, wavelength multiplexing and demultiplexing, optical computing, associate storage, coherent beam addition, and beam coding, involve diffractive optical elements containing two or more multiplexed gratings. Recently, a rigorous coupled-wave analysis of multiplexed holographic gratings has been developed by the author. The analysis is applicable to multiplexed holographic gratings with arbitrary periodicity, slant angle, modulation, thickness, and incident plane wave with arbitrary polarization, angle of incidence, and light wavelength. In this work the angular selectivity characteristics of two multiplexed gratings are investigated using the coupled-wave analysis. In this study, both relatively thin (10-µm) photographic emulsion-type gratings and relatively thick (2-mm) photorefractive-type gratings are considered. The crosstalk and the minimum angle separation between the two gratings are determined for these typical gratings with low, intermediate, and high diffraction efficiency. In addition, the effect of the angle of incidence on the minimal angular separation between the two gratings is investigated.
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Ehbets, Peter, Michel Poirier, Sylviane Lelièvre, Collin Shu, and Nadia Capolla. "Fabrication method for phase mask with spatially variable diffraction efficiency." In Optical Interference Coatings. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oic.1998.mc.8.

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A phase mask is a phase diffraction grating usually recorded in photoresist and then etched in a bulk substrate as a one-dimensional uniform and periodic surface relief pattern[1,2]. When illuminated at normal incidence with coherent or partially coherent light, the phase mask produces in its near-field self-interference between the first order diffracted beams. This interference fringe pattern will have a spatial frequency that is twice the spatial frequency of the phase mask, and will be photoimprinted in the photosensitive medium placed in close proximity of die phase mask grating. This will generate a uniform periodic modulation of the refractive index acting as a Bragg filter. The Bragg spectral response will then have a narrow-band reflectivity peak at a design wavelength, accompanied by a series of sidelobes at adjacent wavelengths. In today’s global communication, based on wavelength division multiplexing, there is a requirement for Bragg grating with a spectral response having reduced noise and sidelobes to avoid cross talk. Bragg gratings with reduced sidelobes in their spectral response can be generated by recording an index modulation with a spatially varying modulation amplitude[3]. The condition for an efficient sidelobe suppression is that the modulation level decreases continuously to zero at both limits of the Bragg grating. It can be achieved using appropriate apodization profiles[4]. Different approaches have been investigated to realize Bragg gratings that generate a spectral response without sidelobes, with or without the use of a phase mask [5,6,7,8,9]. We propose a new fabrication process leading to improved results in the spectral response of the recorded apodized Bragg grating, suitable for mass production: simplicity, reliability, low cost and short fabrication time.
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4

Blau, K. H., M. A. Bobb, T. L. Miller, and G. R. Colliss. "Spectral Multiplexing Beam Combiner For Diode Lasers." In OE LASE'87 and EO Imaging Symp (January 1987, Los Angeles), edited by David W. Kuntz. SPIE, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.939734.

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5

Tsuda, Hiroyuki, Hirokazu Takenouchi, Tetsuyoshi Ishii, Katsunari Okamoto, Takashi Goh, Kenji Sato, Akira Hirano, Takashi Kurokawa, and Chikara Amano. "Photonic Spectral EncoderIDecoder Using an Arrayed-Waveguide Grating for Coherent Optical Code Division Multiplexing." In Wavelength Division Multiplexing Components. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/wdm.1999.206.

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6

Brooks, Nathan J., Bin Wang, Charles Bevis, Iona Binnie, Michael Tanksalvala, Yuka Esashi, Joshua L. Knobloch, Henry C. Kapteyn, and Margaret M. Murnane. "Temporal and Spectral Multiplexing for High-harmonic Multibeam Ptychography in the Extreme Ultraviolet." In CLEO: Science and Innovations. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_si.2022.sth2e.3.

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Multiple beam ptychographic imaging with an extreme ultraviolet high harmonic light source is demonstrated through simultaneous spectral and temporal multiplexing. This method is experimentally straightforward to implement and ideal for hyperspectral functional imaging of nanosystems
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7

Chandra, Suresh. "Laser beam combination using stimulated Brillouin scattering." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1987.mf10.

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This paper presents new ways in which stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) may be used to combine the outputs of several laser amplifiers to create a single coherent beam of high average power. The SBS produces optical phase conjugation which is characterized by (a) retroreflection of the incident beam and (b) correction of the wavefront distortions. Both properties are important for combining in the most useful manner the outputs of separate amplifiers. Three approaches to beam combining are discussed: (1) time multiplexing; (2) spatial multiplexing or phased arrays; and (3) serial combining. New conceptual designs are presented for each approach. The time multiplexing approach appears best suited when high pulse repetition rates are desired. The phased array approach provides the highest energy per pulse, while the third approach is rather flexible regarding the pulse repetition rate and laser pulse energy for a given average output power.
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8

Gunning, F. C. Garcia, T. Healy, X. Yang, and A. D. Ellis. "0.6Tbit/s Capacity and 2bit/s/Hz Spectral Efficiency at 42.6Gsymbol/s Using a Single DFB Laser with NRZ Coherent WDM and Polarisation Multiplexing." In 2007 European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and the International Quantum Electronics Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cleoe-iqec.2007.4386455.

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9

Jenkins, B. K., A. R. Tanguay, S. Piazzolla, G. C. Petrisor, and P. Asthana. "Photonic neural-network architecture based on incoherent-coherent holographic interconnections." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.mvv2.

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An adaptive neural-network architecture is presented that incorporates (1) a simultaneous incoherent/coherent holographic recording and reconstruction technique that permits simultaneous updates of all weights in a multiplexed volume holographic interconnection during each iteration of a neural learning algorithm1; (2) a double-angle multiplexing arrangement in which each pixel of the object-beam spatial light modulator (SLM) is illuminated by a set of mutually incoherent beams, each at a different angle; and (3) optoelectronic SLM's for the neural input and training planes, each with dualchannel inputs and outputs.2 The architecture incorporates modularity; capability for lateral, feedforward, and feedback interconnections in a multilayer network; effectively bipolar signals and weights; and capacity to implement a variety of network models and supervised or unsupervised learning algorithms. Results of computer simulations and laboratory experiments on selected aspects of the architecture will also be presented.
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10

Vakhshoori, D., J. Walker, S. Wang, J. S. Smith, C. E. Soccolich, and M. N. Islam. "Integrable Optical Correlator; its Temporal Resolution, Spectral Response, and Power Sensitivity." In Nonlinear Guided-Wave Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nlgwp.1989.thb7.

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To realize the future opto-electronic integrated circuits the functions that are available by discrete devices should also be present in an integrated forms. One of these functions is optical correlation which is used in time division multiplexing system and other schemes where optical pulses are used. Here we present a new class of integrable optical correlator and experimentally study its temporal resolution and power capability. The correlator (a special GaAs/AlGaAs waveguide) is shown to be broadband capable of correlating pulse trains with average power in the correlator in sub mW range with wavelengths ranging from 1.06μm to 1.7μm. The correlator device was also used to generate sum frequency signal from mixing l0mW cw beam of 1.06μm Nd:YAG laser with 7mW cw beam of 1.3μm semiconductor laser diode. The latest result shows the potential of direct measurement of optical pulses from semiconductor laser diodes at different wavelengths with a single integrable compact correlator without any mechanical translation. The power levels involved are 200μW (1.06μm) to 3 mW (1.7μm) average power in the correlator device. The longest pulses measured are 12psec centered at 1.43μm and the shortest pulses are 400fsec centered at 1.7μm with an indication of even shorter correlation trace of 150fsec. For the 150fsec pulses the resolution was limited by the 10X objective lens that was used to image the correlation signal on to the detector.
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