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Green, Mike. "The days of our lives: deep acting, surface acting and actors' health : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1068.
Повний текст джерелаFaki, Hajira. "The development and evaluation of photo-antimicrobial isoalloxazine dyes towards infection control." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2018. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/23986/.
Повний текст джерела(9182093), Elizabeth A. Wiemers. "TITRATING COGNITIVE CONTROL: TRIAL-LEVEL DYNAMIC USE OF PROACTIVE AND REACTIVE COGNITIVE CONTROL." Thesis, 2020.
Знайти повний текст джерелаCognitive control is accomplished by a set of higher-order cognitive processes that are recruited to aid in the completion of various tasks. A popular proposed mechanism is the Dual Mechanisms of Control (Braver, Gray, & Burgess, 2007), proposing proactive and reactive mechanisms. While neuroscience studies provide evidence that these are two distinct processes, it remains unclear whether the processes are competing, or whether they can be used together. That is, are the two processes able to both be enacted to some degree? Further, whether these mechanisms can be titrated to produce a gradient-like use of control on a trial-level basis is unknown. These are the two primary pursuits of this dissertation. Experiment 1 shows the titrated pattern of control use, indicating (a) sensitivity to task demands, and (b) dynamic use of proactive and reactive control at the trial level, in a new task. Further, a novel contribution is the observation of ability to titrate the use of control. Additional experiments relate performance on this task to working memory (Experiment 2), replicate the findings in an online format (Experiment 3), and differentiate performance from distance effects commonly seen in relative judgment tasks (Experiment 4). This work has implications for the understanding of how cognitive control functions and how dynamically the use of these mechanisms can be adjusted.
(10711986), Michelle E. Coverdale. "The Effect of Choice on Memory and Value for Consumer Products." Thesis, 2021.
Знайти повний текст джерела(6996329), Garrett M. O'Day. "Improving Problem Solving with Retrieval-Based Learning." Thesis, 2019.
Знайти повний текст джерелаRecent research asserts that the mnemonic benefits gained from retrieval-based learning vanish for complex materials. Subsequently, it is recommended that students study worked examples when learning about complex, problem-centered tasks. The experiments that have evaluated the effectiveness of studying worked examples tend to overlook the mental processing that students engage in when completing retrieval-based learning activities. In contrast, theories of transfer-appropriate processing emphasize the importance of compatibility between the cognitive processing required by the test and the cognitive processing that is activated during learning. For learners to achieve optimal test performance, according to transfer-appropriate processing, they need to study in such a way that they are engaging in the same mental processing that will be required of them when tested. This idea was used to generate testable predictions that compete against the claim that the retrieval practice effect disappears for complex materials, and these competing predictions were evaluated in three experiments that required students to learn about the Poisson probability distribution.
In Experiment 1, students learned the general procedure for how to solve these problems by either repeatedly recalling the procedural steps or by simply studying them. The retrieval practice condition produced better memory for the procedure on an immediate test compared to the study only condition. In Experiment 2, students engaged in the same learning activities as Experiment 1, but the test focused on their problem- solving ability. Students who practiced retrieval of the procedural steps experienced no benefit on the problem-solving test compared to the study only condition. In Experiment 3, students learned to solve Poisson probability problems by studying four worked examples, by studying one worked example and solving three practice problems, or by studying one worked example and solving three practice problems with feedback. Students were tested on their problem-solving ability one week later. The problem- solving learning activities outperformed the worked example condition on the final problem-solving test. Taken together, the results demonstrate a pronounced retrieval practice effect but only when the retrieval-based learning activities necessitated the same mental processing that was required during the final assessment, providing support for the transfer-appropriate processing account.
(6619100), Edward A. Christopher. "Using Pupillometry to Observe Covert Mental Activity during Prospective Memory Tasks." Thesis, 2019.
Знайти повний текст джерела11
complete their prospective memory intention, and that at other times, individuals will reduce or discontinue monitoring activity until some cue brings the prospective memory intention back into mind. Consistent with such an account, individual differences in working memory were positively associated with pupil size only when the prospective memory task afforded monitoring. This was in line with recent research implicating the working memory system in facilitating active monitoring during certain prospective memory contexts. Finally, the current set of experiments demonstrated the utility of pupillometric methods for measuring active monitoring in a prospective memory scenario.
(11186220), Julianna Gesun. "Beyond Surviving: Developing and Testing a Model of Thriving for Engineering Students." Thesis, 2021.
Знайти повний текст джерела(7525319), Megan M. Nyre-Yu. "Determining System Requirements for Human-Machine Integration in Cyber Security Incident Response." Thesis, 2019.
Знайти повний текст джерела(6989891), Carrie Lynn Shorey. "Multimorbidity and Cognitive Decline in Aging Adults." Thesis, 2019.
Знайти повний текст джерела(7044191), Nade Liang. "ASSESSING THE EFFECTS OF COGNITIVE SECONDARY TASKS AND AUTOMATION TYPE ON CHANGES IN HEART RATE: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE POTENTIAL USE OF NANOTECHNOLOGY." Thesis, 2019.
Знайти повний текст джерела(5929727), Zainab M. Hasan. "Characterization of bone aluminum, a potential biomarker of cumulative exposure, and the association between olfactory and cognitive function tests with aluminum biomarkers in an occupationally exposed population." 2019.
Знайти повний текст джерелаAluminum (Al) is the third most abundant metal on the earth’s surface. An association of Al with Alzheimer’s disease has been suggested, but, given limited human evidence, is controversial. It is possible that exploration of long-term, or cumulative, exposure to Al will help clarify this debate. Therefore, our study hypothesis was that occupational exposure to Al, particularly long-term exposure, is associated with adverse cognitive and olfactory outcomes.
Biomarkers are important tools in epidemiologic research; however, the reliability and quality of various biomarkers may vary. Therefore, in Chapter 2, we reviewed current evidence on Al biomarkers with the goal to synthesize current understanding regarding their utility for use in research. Our review evaluated 78 papers which discussed various biomarkers of Al exposure. Limited evidence is currently available for Al in nails, hair, breastmilk, saliva and semen. Although they have more daily variation than other biomarkers, blood Al concentrations may differentiate between exposed and non-exposed groups. Unlike blood Al, Al concentrations in both urine and bone are not subject to daily fluctuations. Bone Al appears able to quantify long term Al exposure. Therefore, the use of in vivoneutron activation analysis (IVNAA), a novel bone biomarker, can potentially represent cumulative Al exposure.
In Chapter 3, we evaluated the hypothesis that the correlation between bone and CEI measurements will be higher than the correlation between bone with fingernail. A cross-sectional cohort of 61 ferroalloy and manufacturing factory workers from Zunyi, China were used in this secondary analysis. Correlations of bone Al with other Al measures (fingernail and cumulative exposure index (CEI)) were assessed for 43 of the factory workers who had bone Al samples. Fingernail samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Bone measurements were taken with a compact IVNAA developed by our research team. CEI was calculated as CEIi=, where Ciis estimated Al exposure based on job title (low/medium/high) and Yiis the years employed. The CEI was calculated for the prior 5, 10, 15, 20 years and lifetime work history. Median Al values were: 34.4 mg/g (IQR=46) fingernail; 15 mg/g (IQR=28) bone; and 26 (IQR=21) total CEI. Adjusting for age and education, the linear regression model suggests that bone Al is reflective of 15 years of exposure based off the significant association between bone Al and 15-year CEI (b=0.91, p<0.02). Other models with CEI were not statistically significant.
In Chapter 4, we evaluated the association between bone, CEI and fingernail Al measurements with olfactory and cognitive function. The relationship between cognitive and olfactory function was compared with bone Al (N=43), fingernail Al (FnAl) (N=56), 5 year Al CEI and lifetime Al CEI (N=61) measurements. Olfactory function was assessed with the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test and cognitive function was assessed with the WHO/UCLA Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT). Verbal fluency was assessed using Fruit Naming and Animal Naming. Additional variables were assessed via questionnaire. Linear regression models, adjusted for age, education, current alcohol consumption and current smoking status, showed a significant association between higher BnAl and higher recall on the AVLT interference list (b=0.04, 95% Confidence interval (CI)=0.01, 0.08) and higher 5-year CEI with higher recall on the fifth AVLT trial (b=-0.23, 95% CI=-0.45, -0.01). No significant association between FnAl and lifetime CEI with olfactory and cognitive function was observed.
In Chapter 5, we explored the potential for interactions of Al with another metal to impact the potential association of Al with cognitive and olfactory function. Interaction models used the natural log of fingernail Al with each of copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) for the 56 male workers. The linear regression models controlled for age, education current alcohol consumption, current smoking status, and all five fingernail metals. Higher ln(FnMn) was associated with lower recall for several AVLT trials. The interaction term for ln(FnAl) and ln(FnZn) was significantly associated with AVLT Trial 1 (β= 1.99, 95% CI=0.07, 3.93), AVLT Trial 5 (β= 2.71, 95% CI= 0.02, 5.41) and AVLT average (β=2.11, 95% CI=0.01, 4.21).
Overall, this research presents valuable information regarding noninvasive, in vivoassessment of BnAl and its relationship with other Al biomarkers and measures of cognitive function. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest study to use INVAA BnAl measurements to quantify long-term aluminum exposures within an occupational population, the first to compare BnAl with an estimate of cumulative Al exposure. Additionally, we are not aware of prior studies which have examined the interaction of fingernail metals, including Al, with olfactory and cognitive tests. Our results suggest BnAl is significantly associated with the prior 15-years of Al exposure and that IVNAA to assess BnAl can be used in field epidemiology studies. For our study, there was limited evidence of an association of BnAl and 5-year CEI with cognitive function. Most comparisons did not show any evidence of an association of Al with cognitive or olfactory function, but a statistically significant interaction between Al and Zn with some measures of cognitive function was observed. It is recommended that our findings be confirmed with larger studies.(9756986), Shubham Agrawal. "Understanding the Cognitive and Psychological Impacts of Emerging Technologies on Driver Decision-Making Using Physiological Data." Thesis, 2020.
Знайти повний текст джерелаEmerging technologies such as real-time travel information systems and automated vehicles (AVs) have profound impacts on driver decision-making behavior. While they generally have positive impacts by enabling drivers to make more informed decisions or by reducing their driving effort, there are several concerns related to inadequate consideration of cognitive and psychological aspects in their design. In this context, this dissertation analyzes different aspects of driver cognition and psychology that arise from drivers’ interactions with these technologies using physiological data collected in two sets of driving simulator experiments.
This research analyzes the latent cognitive and psychological effects of real-time travel information using electroencephalogram (EEG) data measured in the first set of driving simulator experiments. Using insights from the previous analysis, a hybrid route choice modeling framework is proposed that incorporates the impacts of the latent information-induced cognitive and psychological effects along with other explanatory variables that can be measured directly (i.e., route characteristics, information characteristics, driver attributes, and situational factors) on drivers’ route choice decisions. EEG data is analyzed to extract two latent cognitive variables that capture the driver’s cognitive effort during and immediately after the information provision, and cognitive inattention before implementing the route choice decision.
Several safety concerns emerge for the transition of control from the automated driving system to a human driver after the vehicle issues a takeover warning under conditional vehicle automation (SAE Level 3). In this context, this study investigates the impacts of driver’s pre-warning cognitive state on takeover performance (i.e., driving performance while resuming manual control) using EEG data measured in the second set of driving simulator experiments. However, there is no comprehensive metric available in the literature that could be used to benchmark the role of driver’s pre-warning cognitive state on takeover performance, as most existing studies ignore the interdependencies between the associated driving performance indicators by analyzing them independently. This study proposes a novel comprehensive takeover performance metric, Takeover Performance Index (TOPI), that combines multiple driving performance indicators representing different aspects of takeover performance.
Acknowledging the practical limitations of EEG data to have real-world applications, this dissertation evaluates the driver’s situational awareness (SA) and mental stress using eye-tracking and heart rate measures, respectively, that can be obtained from in-vehicle driver monitoring systems in real-time. The differences in SA and mental stress over time, their correlations, and their impacts on the TOPI are analyzed to evaluate the efficacy of using eye-tracking and heart rate measures for estimating the overall takeover performance in conditionally AVs.
The study findings can assist information service providers and auto manufacturers to incorporate driver cognition and psychology in designing safer real-time information and their delivery systems. They can also aid traffic operators to incorporate cognitive aspects while devising strategies for designing and disseminating real-time travel information to influence drivers’ route choices. Further, the study findings provide valuable insights to design operating and licensing strategies, and regulations for conditionally automated vehicles. They can also assist auto manufacturers in designing integrated in-vehicle driver monitoring and warning systems that enhance road safety and user experience.(11020239), Gina Marie Clepper. "Utilizing Haptic Interfaces for Information Transmission and Emotional Effect: Two Studies." Thesis, 2021.
Знайти повний текст джерела(8795786), Isis Chong De La Cruz. "TOWARD AN UNDERSTANDING OF AUTOMATIC GRASPING RESPONSES IN THE ABSENCE OF LEFT-RIGHT CORRESPONDENCE." Thesis, 2020.
Знайти повний текст джерелаSeveral researchers have claimed that passively viewing manipulable objects results in automatic motor activation of affordances regardless of intention to act upon an object. Support for the automatic activation account stems primarily from findings using stimulus-response compatibility paradigms in which responses are fastest when there is correspondence between one’s response hand and an object’s handle. Counter to this view is the spatial coding account, which suggests that past findings are a result of abstract spatial codes stemming from salient object properties and their left-right correspondence with responses. Although there is now considerable support for this account, there has been little attention paid to determining whether evidence in favor of the automatic activation account will be evident after accounting for the spatial issues demonstrated by the spatial coding account.
The present study involved five experiments conducted to bridge this gap in two steps. First, I aimed to demonstrate the importance of considering spatial issues and left-right correspondence when studying object-based motor activation by numerous objects championed by past researchers who attempted to similarly address the aforementioned issue (Experiments 1 and 2). Second, I sought to determine whether evidence favoring the automatic activation account could be obtained when the possibility for left-right correspondence was absent in a novel set of stimuli created specifically for this purpose (Experiments 3, 4, and 5).
Experiment 1 examined a stimulus set that some researchers have suggested can more definitively tease apart evidence for automatic activation from the influence of spatial factors studies. Experiment 2 was more narrowly focused and investigated a single object presented in different horizontal orientations. These experiments effectively demonstrated the importance of giving more consideration to the nature of the stimuli used in object-based compatibility studies and how they are presented. The results of Experiment 1 suggest that a stimulus set that has been claimed to sidestep spatial confounds does not, in fact, do so. Moreover, Experiment 2 demonstrated that performance could be influenced by simple rotation of the object to which a response was required.
Having established the importance of controlling the stimuli used to investigate automatic activation of afforded responses, I turned to determining whether a novel stimulus set would yield findings favoring the automatic activation account even after accounting for left-right correspondence (Experiments 3, 4, and 5). Three sets of novel object stimuli were developed that do not allow for left-right correspondence and could iteratively assess support for the automatic activation account based on criteria for activation that have been put forth in the literature. The three sets of stimuli contained no information about shape nor functionality (i.e., silhouette iteration) or information about shape and functionality (i.e., functional iteration), or they were an intermediate between the two other types (i.e., intermediate iteration).
Critically, the three latter experiments progressively approached the conditions that researchers have suggested are ideal for automatic activation of afforded responses to occur. Experiment 3 tasked participants with completing a color discrimination task in which they viewed only one of the three object iterations and responded with button presses. Experiment 4 used the same experimental configuration, but instead, required participants to respond with a grasping response. Finally, Experiment 5 required participants to complete a reach-and-grasp response in an object discrimination task using both the silhouette and functional iterations.
Across Experiments 3, 4, and 5, no support for the automatic activation account of afforded responses was found. Although the automatic activation account would predict that individuals should be fastest at responding to the functional stimuli than to the other two object iterations, no such evidence was observed. Given that the possibility for left-right correspondence was removed from the novel stimulus set studied here, these results provide indirect support for the spatial coding account of prior results and further indicate that past findings favoring the automatic activation account have largely been a result of left-right correspondence.
(6594413), Farzin Shamloo. "A STUDY OF RULE-BASED CATEGORIZATION WITH REDUNDANCY." Thesis, 2019.
Знайти повний текст джерела(9739232), Tianfang Han. "Revisiting Variable-Foreperiod Effects: Evaluating the Repetition Priming Account." Thesis, 2020.
Знайти повний текст джерела(8072891), Pallavi Mishra. "VISUAL CONSTRAINT OPTIMIZATION NETWORK." Thesis, 2019.
Знайти повний текст джерелаOne of the most important aspects of visual perception is inference of 3D shape from a 2D retinal image of the real world. The existence of several valid mapping functions from object to data makes this inverse problem ill-posed and therefore computationally difficult. In human vision, the retinal image is a 2D projection of the 3D real world. The visual system imposes certain constraints on the family of solutions in order to efficiently solve this inverse problem. This project specifically focuses on the aspect of minimization of standard deviation of all 3D angles (MSDA) for 3D perception. Our goal is to use a Deep Convolutional Neural Network based on biological principles derived from visual area V4 to solve 3D reconstruction using constrained minimization of MSDA. We conduct an experiment with novel shapes with human participants to collect data to test our model.
Tuck, Brian William. "Putting 'Humpty' together again : a testifying of the embodied nature of human experiencing : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1027.
Повний текст джерела(11022585), Bhavya Rathna Kota. "Investigation of GenerationZs' perception of Green Homes and Green Home Features." Thesis, 2021.
Знайти повний текст джерела(5929715), Courtney J. Griffin-Oliver. "MORE THAN MEETS THE EYE: STIMULUS-RESPONSE COMPATIBILITY EFFECTS IN EYE MOVEMENTS." Thesis, 2019.
Знайти повний текст джерелаDistinctions between set- and element-level compatibility have been made regarding
stimulus-response compatibility (SRC) effects. Prior research has revealed a relationship
between these two types of compatibility such that an increase in set-level effects results
in an analogous increase in element-level effects. There are different ways that location
information can be conveyed visually: location-words (“left” and “right”), directionalarrows (pointing left and right), and physical-locations (stimuli appearing in the left or
right areas of the visual field). Set-level compatibility is higher for location-words paired
with vocal “left”-“right” responses than for the other two stimulus modalities, and vice
versa for pairings with left-right keypress responses, and the element-level compatibility
effects differ in size accordingly.
My dissertation research focused on examining set- and element-level
compatibility effects within the saccadic eye-movement system. These effects were
considered within the dimensional overlap framework proposed by Kornblum,
Hasbroucq, and Osman (1990), according to which the element-level mapping effects are
an increasing function of set-level compatibility. All experiments were conducted using
introductory psychology students.
In Experiment 1, participants responded using a left-right unimanual joystick
movement or eye movement to a location-word or physical-location stimulus. In addition to an analysis of variance (ANOVA) of mean reaction time (RT) and response accuracy
for the respective conditions, compatibility effects across the RT distribution were
investigated by dividing trials into quantiles. Experiment 1 produced a set-level
compatibility effect for the congruent mapping: Eye-movement responses (rather than
joystick movements) were found to be relatively more compatible with physical-location
stimuli than with location-word stimuli. In addition, the high set-level compatibility
conditions exhibited a larger element-level mapping effect than the low set-level
compatibility conditions. RT distribution analysis showed that both eye- and joystickmovements yielded a steadily increasing element-level mapping effect across bins, except
for physical-location stimuli mapped to joystick responses, for which the function was
flat.
In Experiment 2, the location-word stimuli used in Experiment 1 were replaced by
directional-arrow stimuli. Eye movements (and not joystick movements) showed larger
set- and element-level SRC effects when paired with physical-location stimuli than with
directional-arrows. As in Experiment 1, the physical-location stimuli paired with eyemovement responses demonstrated an increase in the element-level mapping effect across
the RT distribution. However, for the three other three set-level pairings, the elementlevel mapping effects were relatively constant across the RT distribution. This pattern
further indicates a preferential benefit for eye movements paired with physical-location
stimuli.
Experiment 3 directly compared the location-word stimuli used in Experiment 1
and the directional-arrow stimuli used in Experiment 2. The element-level mapping effect
was larger for location-words than for directional-arrows, but both types of stimuli produced similar interaction patterns regarding the set-level manipulation. That is, the
differences between each response modality and stimulus type produced similar patterns
of element-level mapping effect differences. The location-word stimuli produced
consistently large effects and served as a driving factor across the set-level comparisons.
The location-words showed a large increase in element-level mapping effect across the
RT distribution compared to only a small increase for the directional-arrows, which in
both cases did not differ between eye- and joystick-movement responses.
Together the three experiments provide support for the hypothesis that eyemovement responses to physical-location stimuli are a unique, highly optimal set-level
pairing relative to location-words or directional-arrows denoting spatially relevant
location. In the context of a continuum outlining the relative position of different
response and stimulus pairings, the results imply that eye-movement responses are
similar in compatibility to joystick movements, except for the specific pairing with
physical-location stimuli.
The results offer some support for Kornblum et al.’s (1990) account that suggests
a tightly coupled relationship between set- and element-level compatibility effects. Not
only do the results provide understanding about the existence of compatibility effects
within the saccadic system, they allow for some considerations about how attention is
allocated preferentially to certain stimuli rather than others. They also enable predictions
about similar underlying mechanisms that might be involved in saccadic and manual
response modalities. Taken together, it seems that the eye-movement system adheres to
conventional notions about motoric behavior; however, it also has its own unique
properties that make it highly tuned to exogenously guided stimuli.
(8801195), Victor Hernando Cervantes Botero. "Contextuality and Noncontextuality in Human Choice Behavior." Thesis, 2020.
Знайти повний текст джерела(11177388), Zahra Sajedinia. "A COMPUTATIONAL MODEL OF TEAM-LEVEL NEGOTIATION: WITH AN APPLICATION IN CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING." Thesis, 2021.
Знайти повний текст джерела(8797178), Emily Rolan. "CONTEXTUAL INFLUENCES OF PRENATAL AND POSTNATAL ENVIRONMENTS ON EXECUTIVE FUNCTION RISK FOR ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE USE." Thesis, 2020.
Знайти повний текст джерелаDue to the great transitions and turmoil uniquely attributed to the period of adolescence, youth experience a greater risk for substance use and the multitude of concerns that coincide with the early onset of substance use. Many biological and environmental factors have been investigated as predictors of adolescent substance use. Executive function and disruptive behaviors are two important individual characteristics linked to adolescent substance use. Both smoking during pregnancy and sibling relationships are separate contexts that can mitigate or exacerbate the associations of executive function and adolescent substance use. The present study focuses on development of substance use through executive function deficits and disruptive behavior, while considering smoking during pregnancy and sibling relationships as unique moderators of these pathways. This work addresses a novel, interrelated set of questions with a series of three studies. The central hypothesis driving this program of research is that smoking during pregnancy and sibling relationships are under-studied contexts that can mitigate or exacerbate the associations of executive function, disruptive behavior, and adolescent substance use. This dissertation examines whether: (1) executive function mediates the smoking during pregnancy-disruptive behavior association and smoking during pregnancy exacerbates the executive function-disruptive behavior association, (2) smoking during pregnancy exacerbates the association between executive function and disruptive behavior during adolescence using a sibling comparison design, and (3) sibling relationship quality moderates developmental trajectories of executive function on the transition from disruptive problems to adolescent substance use using a high-risk, longitudinal sample. Findings challenge the link between exposure to smoking during pregnancy and both executive function and disruptive behavior. Further, these findings reinforce the need to utilize genetically-informed designs when examining potential effects of smoking during pregnancy. Additionally, this dissertation found support for the link between executive function and disruptive behavior, but not executive function and substance use.
(10731960), Prince Owusu Attah. "Puppy Valley: An App-Mediated Board Game to Enhance Scam And Fraud Awareness Among US Seniors." Thesis, 2021.
Знайти повний текст джерелаScams and fraud have become a significant problem for the American population within the past few years. While victims range from young to older adults, it is the seniors who are the major targets. In 2018 the Federal Trade Commission reported that senior citizens aged 60 years and above formed 35% of all the scam victims it recorded. According to the U.S Senate Committee on aging, scams like the grandparent scam, IRS impersonation scam, romance scam; have become popular. Even at this level of notoriety, most victims are usually unaware of it entirely or how its perpetrators commit these crimes. Being aware of the situation is a critical step towards curbing this problem. This thesis project uses User-Centered Design (UCD) to understand, conceptualize, and prototype a solution to promote social interaction while improving the cognitive abilities of seniors and creating awareness about fraud. The design requirements and direction were formed through multivariate research methods like literature review, user interviews, and focus group sessions. The proposed solution is Puppy valley, an app-mediated trivia board game that has a physical wheel and mobile application and uses narratives inspired by real fraud cases to create activities for users to play with. After the research and design, the game was evaluated by five experts, and refinements within the scope of the study were made based on the insights from the evaluation.
(5930516), Khalid S. Almamari. "Predictive Relations Between Cognitive Abilities and Pilot Performance: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach." Thesis, 2020.
Знайти повний текст джерелаA large body of literature suggests that cognitive abilities are important determinants for training and job performance, including flight performance. The associations between measures of ability tests and job performance have been the focus of many empirical studies, resulting in an overall conclusion that general mental ability, g, is the main source of prediction, while other narrower abilities have limited power for predicting job performance. Despite the attention given to cognitive ability-flight performance relationships, their associations have not been fully understood at the broad construct level, and most extant literature focused on the relations at the observed scores level. Thus, the present dissertation study was designed to contribute to the progression of this understanding by examining the relations between cognitive abilities and flight training performance, using data from four U.S. Air Force (USAF) pilot samples. For comparison, one navigator and one air battle manager sample were also analyzed. The data were obtained from correlation matrices of prior investigations and analyzed via structural equation modeling (SEM) procedures.
Four studies are reported in the thesis: (1) preliminary study, (2) primary validation study, (3) cross-validation study, and (4) cross-occupation validation study. The preliminary study assessed the test battery used in the subsequent predictive studies. The primary validation study introduced a bifactor predictive SEM model for testing the influence of cognitive abilities in predicting pilot performance. The cross-validation study assessed the consistency of the predictive model suggested in the primary validation study, using three additional pilots’ samples. The cross-occupation validation study compared the predictive model using data from three aviation-related occupations (flying, navigation, air battle management). Ability factors were extracted from scores of pilot applicants on the Air Force Officer Qualifying Test (AFOQT), the USAF officers’ primary selection test battery, whereas the flight performance scores were obtained from pilot records during the flight training program.
In addition to the g factor, verbal ability, quantitative ability, spatial ability, perceptual speed ability, and aviation-related acquired knowledge are the six latent cognitive ability factors investigated in the reported studies. Pilot performance measures were modeled either as observed or latent variables covering ratings of academic and hands-on flying performance in different phases of the training program. The studies of this thesis established that (1) general ability contributes substantially to the prediction models; however, it is not the only important predictor, (2) aviation-related acquired knowledge is the most robust predictor of pilot performance among the abilities examined, with a role even exceeding that of g, (3) perceptual speed predicted pilot performance uniquely in several occasions, while verbal, spatial, and quantitative abilities demonstrated trivial incremental validity for hands-on pilot performance beyond that provided by the g measure, and (4) the relative importance of cognitive abilities tends to vary across aviation occupations.
(5930516), Khalid S. Almamari. "Multiple Test Batteries as Predictors for Pilot Performance: A Meta-Analytic Investigation." Thesis, 2019.
Знайти повний текст джерелаA Test Battery (TB) is a measurement method that is designed to assess a variety of ability constructs. The extent to which TB predicts future pilot performance has important implications for both flying organizations and applicants. The primary emphasis in the existing literature has been on scores of individual ability tests, in contrast to the scores of multiple ability tests that are typically indexed by composites derived from TBs. The selection literature lacks a focus on composite scores, and seldom links to the broad cognitive abilities that predominate TBs. The objective of this study was to investigate how the different broad ability constructs of TBs influence their predictive validities for pilot performance. Six ability groups were identified as the most common ability saturations of pilot selection TBs. On the basis of 89 studies and 118 independent samples, a series of meta-analyses were conducted to determine the criterion-related validity of the six categories of TBs for several criterions of pilot performance.
The investigation revealed there was an overall small and positive relationship between TBs and flight performance. The six categories of cognitive ability TBs appeared to be valid predictors of pilot performance, and at least five of them generalize validity across studies and settings. More specifically, three sets of predictor groups were identified according to the magnitude of validity estimates. The highest validity group included Work Sample TBs (r=.34), the second highest validity group included TBs of Acquired Knowledge, General Ability, and Motor Abilities (r=.19, .18, and .17, respectively), and the lowest validity group included TBs of Perceptual Processing and Controlled Attention (r=.14 and .10, respectively).
The results also indicated that there was substantial variability in the effect of cognitive abilities on flight performance, with evidence of moderators operating in most cases. Five potential moderator variables were examined that may moderate the TBs-performance relationship in flying. The analysis for the moderator variable of the number of tests in the battery (small battery/large battery), regularity of TB use in pilot selection (commonly used/uncommonly used), and criterion level of measurement (continuous/ordinal/dichotomous/ contingency table) revealed significant moderating effects on the correlations between flight performance and several types of test batteries. Other moderators related to year of publication (1987-1999/2000-2009/2010-2017) and flying organization (USAF/US Navy/Another military/Civilian) did not significantly influence the correlations between TBs and flight performance. The implications of the findings for practice are discussed, and recommendations for future research directions are provided.
Nesik, Aleksandra. "Executive Function in the Intellectually Disabled Offender: A Preliminary Investigation." 2008. http://arrow.unisa.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/unisa:36662.
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