Статті в журналах: "Cognitive limited resources"

1

Kemps, Eva, Marika Tiggemann, and Megan Grigg. "Food cravings consume limited cognitive resources." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 14, no. 3 (2008): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0012736.

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2

Vandevoorde, Koenraad, and Jean-Jacques Orban de Xivry. "Why is the explicit component of motor adaptation limited in elderly adults?" Journal of Neurophysiology 124, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 152–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00659.2019.

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Our work addresses the contradiction between the age-related increase in the contribution of cognition for the execution of motor tasks and the age-related decrease in the cognitive component of motor adaptation. We predicted that elderly adults would need more cognitive resources for reaches and would, therefore, not have enough cognitive resources available for adaptation. Rather, we observed that visuospatial abilities could better explain the amount of cognition used by our participants for motor adaptation.

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3

Wu, Kai, and Jing Liu. "Learning large-scale fuzzy cognitive maps under limited resources." Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 116 (November 2022): 105376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2022.105376.

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4

Wang, Jun She, Rui Juan Qiao, and Ya Nan Zhang. "Cognitive Backoff Algorithm Research." Applied Mechanics and Materials 610 (August 2014): 627–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.610.627.

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Wireless communication technology has been widely applied in People's Daily life. However, limited spectrum resources and low spectrum utilization of spectrum resources shortage is proposed. In this paper, a cognitive function of backoff algorithm (CR-BOA) is raised. This algorithm depending on the degree of congestion channel adaptive adjustment the size of the backoff value .This algorithm greatly improves the performance of the network, and reduces the problems of delay caused by the spectrum resource scarcity. Finally, use the OPNET simulation software, the results show that the end-to-end delay and the packet loss rate are reduced.

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5

Marquine, María J., Eisuke Segawa, Robert S. Wilson, David A. Bennett, and Lisa L. Barnes. "Association between Cognitive Activity and Cognitive Function in Older Hispanics." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 18, no. 6 (June 8, 2012): 1041–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135561771200080x.

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AbstractThere is limited research on the association between participation in cognitively stimulating activity and cognitive function in older Hispanics. The main purpose of the present study was to explore whether frequency of cognitive activity and its association with cognitive function in Hispanics is comparable to that of non-Hispanics. In a multiethnic cohort of 1571 non-demented older adults, we assessed past and current cognitive activity, availability of cognitive resources in the home in childhood and middle age, and five domains of cognitive function. The measures of cognitive activity and cognitive resources had adequate reliability and validity in our subset of Hispanic participants (n = 81). Hispanics reported lower levels of education, lower frequency of cognitive activity and less cognitive resources than non-Hispanic White (n = 1102) and non-Hispanic Black (n = 388) participants. Despite these differences the strength of the association between cognitive activity and cognitive function was comparable across ethnic groups. Because Hispanics have lower frequency of cognitive activity, the benefit of cognitive activity to late life cognitive function may be potentially larger in this segment of the population. Thus, interventions aimed at increasing frequency of participation in cognitively stimulating activity may offer a potential target to reduce cognitive impairment in Hispanics. (JINS, 2012, 18, 1–11)

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6

CHE, Jingshang, Hailong SUN, Chenjie XIAO, and Aimei LI. "Why information overload damages decisions? An explanation based on limited cognitive resources." Advances in Psychological Science 27, no. 10 (2019): 1758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1042.2019.01758.

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7

Morishima, Yasunori. "Allocation of Limited Cognitive Resources During Text Comprehension in a Second Language." Discourse Processes 50, no. 8 (November 2013): 577–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0163853x.2013.846964.

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8

Maniscalco, Brian, Li Yan McCurdy, Brian Odegaard, and Hakwan Lau. "Limited Cognitive Resources Explain a Trade-Off between Perceptual and Metacognitive Vigilance." Journal of Neuroscience 37, no. 5 (December 27, 2016): 1213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.2271-13.2016.

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9

Mišić, Jelena, and Vojislav B. Mišić. "Making the best of limited resources: Optimized differential sensing in cognitive PANs." Computer Networks 54, no. 4 (March 2010): 605–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2009.08.009.

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10

Growney, Claire, and Tammy English. "AGE AND COGNITIVE ABILITY AS PREDICTORS OF EMOTION REGULATION STRATEGY USE." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1883.

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Abstract Emotion regulation (ER) is viewed as a cognitively demanding process and involves selecting and implementing specific strategies in support of one’s emotional goals. Older adults are theorized to maintain emotional wellbeing by selecting ER strategies that are consistent with their available resources, which may involve engaging more with lower-arousal stimuli and less with higher-arousal stimuli, especially when cognitive resources are limited. The aim of this study was to examine relationships between age, cognitive ability, and use of different types of ER strategies. Participants (N = 287) aged 25-85 (M = 54.33, SD = 17.19) completed assessments of cognitive ability from the NIH Toolbox Cognitive Battery. In a laboratory task, participants viewed a series of film clips eliciting low-arousal emotions (sadness, contentment) and high-arousal emotions (disgust, amusement) under instructions to regulate pro-hedonically using any available strategy. They reported their use of disengagement (e.g., distraction, suppression), engagement (e.g., perspective-taking, awareness), and positive-focus strategies (e.g., savoring, positive reappraisal). Results from multilevel models revealed that with low-arousal stimuli, age was associated with higher engagement and lower disengagement, regardless of fluid cognitive ability. With high-arousal stimuli, a fluid cognition X age interaction indicated that there was an age-related increase in engagement among individuals with higher fluid cognitive ability, but not lower fluid cognitive ability. Findings support the idea that older adults tend to engage with emotional stimuli, which may aid with processing and support emotional memory for future regulation attempts. Fluid cognitive ability may be an important resource supporting older adults’ engagement with high-arousal stimuli.

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11

Kumar, Sumit, Deepti Singhal, and Garimella Rama Murthy. "Doubly Cognitive Architecture Based Cognitive Wireless Sensor Networks." International Journal of Wireless Networks and Broadband Technologies 1, no. 2 (April 2011): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijwnbt.2011040103.

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Scarcity of spectrum is increasing not only in cellular communication but also in wireless sensor networks. Adding cognition to the existing wireless sensor network (WSN) infrastructure has helped. As sensor nodes in WSN are limited with constraints like power, efforts are required to increase the lifetime and other performance measures of the network. In this article, the authors propose Doubly Cognitive WSN, which works by progressively allocating the sensing resources only to the most promising areas of the spectrum and is based on pattern analysis and learning. As the load of sensing resource is reduced significantly, this approach saves the energy of the nodes and reduces the sensing time dramatically. The proposed method can be enhanced by periodic pattern analysis to review the strategy of sensing. Finally the ongoing research work and contribution on cognitive wireless sensor networks in Communication Research Centre (IIIT-H) is discussed.

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12

Le, Thanh P., Gina M. Najolia, Kyle S. Minor, and Alex S. Cohen. "The effect of limited cognitive resources on communication disturbances in serious mental illness." Psychiatry Research 248 (February 2017): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.12.025.

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13

Rohmiyati, Yuli, Tengku Siti Meriam Tengku Wook, Noraidah Sahari, Siti Aishah Hanawi, and Faizan Qamar. "Designing Personas for E-Resources Users in the University Libraries." Computers 12, no. 3 (February 22, 2023): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers12030048.

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Persona is a method to create a user profile by describing a fictitious user through user experience. This persona study needs to be carried out for the benefit of system design according to the users’ wishes because, so far, electronic resources (e-resources) are not widely used due to cognitive and affective factors such as limited subscription resources, limited user manuals, limited navigation features, and frequent errors when using electronic resources. This leaves the user feeling confused and stressed. The aim of this study is to obtain profiles of e-resource users in college libraries. The method used is an empathy map created with data from 32 users who answered questionnaires and participated in interviews. This study found four e-resource user personas in university libraries: lecturers, students, research assistants, and librarians. Users want a guide for using electronic resources that allows for chat and sharing, and which is fun and can be accessed from any device anytime and anywhere. The benefits of this study will be useful for designing e-resource systems according to users’ wishes.

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14

Kobayashi, Lindsay, Chodziwadziwa Kabudula, Mohammed Kabeto, Xuexin Yu, Stephen Tollman, Kathleen Kahn, Lisa Berkman, and Molly Rosenberg. "TRENDS IN HOUSEHOLD MATERIAL RESOURCES AND COGNITIVE HEALTH IN A LONGITUDINAL COHORT STUDY OF AGING IN SOUTH AFRICA." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.677.

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Abstract Material resources that affect daily living conditions may be salient for cognitive aging in low-income settings, but evidence is limited on this topic. We investigated relationships between long-term trends in household material resources and subsequent cognitive function among 4,580 adults aged ≥40 in a population-representative cohort in Agincourt sub-district, South Africa, from 2001-2015. Household material resources (dwelling materials, water, sanitation, sources of power, modern amenities, and livestock) were assessed biennially from 2001-2013. We evaluated mean resources, volatility in resources, and change in resources over this period in relation to cognitive function in 2014/2015. Higher mean household resources and larger improvements over time in resources were positively associated with subsequent cognitive function, independent of confounders. Findings were largely driven by modern amenities for food preparation, transportation, and communication outside of the household. Access to these amenities may support cognitive aging through boosting nutrition and cognitive reserve and should be investigated further.

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15

Cummings, Louise. "Informal Fallacies as Cognitive Heuristics in Public Health Reasoning." Informal Logic 34, no. 1 (February 27, 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/il.v34i1.3801.

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The public must make assessments of a range of health-related issues. However, these assessments require scientific know-ledge which is often lacking or ineffectively utilized by the public. Lay people must use whatever cognitive resources are at their disposal to come to judgement on these issues. It will be contended that a group of arguments—so-called informal fallacies—are a valuable cognitive resource in this regard. These arguments serve as cognitive heuristics which facilitate reasoning when knowledge is limited or beyond the grasp of reasoners. The results of an investigation into the use of these arguments by the public are reported.

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16

FERRER-I-CANCHO, RAMON. "SOME WORD ORDER BIASES FROM LIMITED BRAIN RESOURCES: A MATHEMATICAL APPROACH." Advances in Complex Systems 11, no. 03 (June 2008): 393–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219525908001702.

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In this paper, we propose a mathematical framework for studying word order optimization. The framework relies on the well-known positive correlation between cognitive cost and the Euclidean distance between the elements (e.g. words) involved in a syntactic link. We study the conditions under which a certain word order is more economical than an alternative word order by proposing a mathematical approach. We apply our methodology to two different cases: (a) the ordering of subject (S), verb (V) and object (O), and (b) the covering of a root word by a syntactic link. For the former, we find that SVO and its symmetric, OVS, are more economical than OVS, SOV, VOS and VSO at least 2/3 of the time. For the latter, we find that uncovering the root word is more economical than covering it at least 1/2 of the time. With the help of our framework, one can explain some Greenbergian universals. Our findings provide further theoretical support for the hypothesis that the limited resources of the brain introduce biases toward certain word orders. Our theoretical findings could inspire or illuminate future psycholinguistics or corpus linguistics studies.

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17

Slagter, Heleen A., Antoine Lutz, Lawrence L. Greischar, Sander Nieuwenhuis, and Richard J. Davidson. "Theta Phase Synchrony and Conscious Target Perception: Impact of Intensive Mental Training." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 21, no. 8 (August 2009): 1536–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21125.

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The information processing capacity of the human mind is limited, as is evidenced by the attentional blink—a deficit in identifying the second of two targets (T1 and T2) presented in close succession. This deficit is thought to result from an overinvestment of limited resources in T1 processing. We previously reported that intensive mental training in a style of meditation aimed at reducing elaborate object processing, reduced brain resource allocation to T1, and improved T2 accuracy [Slagter, H. A., Lutz, A., Greischar, L. L., Francis, A. D., Nieuwenhuis, S., Davis, J., et al. Mental training affects distribution of limited brain resources. PloS Biology, 5, e138, 2007]. Here we report EEG spectral analyses to examine the possibility that this reduction in elaborate T1 processing rendered the system more available to process new target information, as indexed by T2-locked phase variability. Intensive mental training was associated with decreased cross-trial variability in the phase of oscillatory theta activity after successfully detected T2s, in particular, for those individuals who showed the greatest reduction in brain resource allocation to T1. These data implicate theta phase locking in conscious target perception, and suggest that after mental training the cognitive system is more rapidly available to process new target information. Mental training was not associated with changes in the amplitude of T2-induced responses or oscillatory activity before task onset. In combination, these findings illustrate the usefulness of systematic mental training in the study of the human mind by revealing the neural mechanisms that enable the brain to successfully represent target information.

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18

Billig, Adam R., Nicole C. Feng, Hura Behforuzi, Brittany M. McFeeley, Casey M. Nicastri, and Kirk R. Daffner. "Capacity-limited resources are used for managing sensory degradation and cognitive demands: Implications for age-related cognitive decline and dementia." Cortex 133 (December 2020): 277–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2020.09.005.

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19

Kurz, Alexander F., Stefan Leucht, and Nicola T. Lautenschlager. "The clinical significance of cognition-focused interventions for cognitively impaired older adults: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials." International Psychogeriatrics 23, no. 9 (July 11, 2011): 1364–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610211001001.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Cognitive stimulation, training or rehabilitation can achieve modest, skill-specific gains in cognitively healthy older adults. With regard to the limited efficacy of currently available anti-dementia drugs it is crucial to investigate whether such treatments also provide clinically meaningful benefits to cognitively impaired older individuals.Methods: We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials evaluating cognition-focused interventions in participants with mild cognitive impairment or dementia. Meta-analytic strategies were used to calculate effect sizes.Results: Cognition-focused interventions confer small and inconsistent effects on trained cognitive skills which, according to some studies, translate into gains on general cognitive ability. Instruments measuring such effects such as the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) or the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale, cognitive part (ADAS-Cog) show standardized mean differences of 0.20 and 0.30, respectively, which are comparable with those of current antidementia drug treatments. However, convincing evidence of clinical significance was only obtained from single trials in terms of delay of cognitive decline, improvement in activities of daily living, or enhanced attainment of personally relevant goals.Conclusions: The potential of cognition-focused interventions has probably been obscured by the methodological inconsistencies and limitations of the clinical studies conducted thus far. Further randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of these treatment modalities are required using optimized and consistent methods. Emphasis should be placed on tailoring interventions to individual needs and resources while maintaining a high level of standardization, on implementing newly acquired skills and strategies in the everyday context, on appropriate treatment duration, and on including person-centered outcomes.

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20

Honzel, Nikki, Timothy Justus, and Diane Swick. "Posttraumatic stress disorder is associated with limited executive resources in a working memory task." Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience 14, no. 2 (October 29, 2013): 792–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13415-013-0219-x.

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21

Cobb-Clark, Deborah A., and Nathan Kettlewell. "Psychological, social and cognitive resources and the mental wellbeing of the poor." PLOS ONE 16, no. 10 (October 12, 2021): e0258417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258417.

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Our study takes advantage of unique data to quantify deficits in the psychosocial and cognitive resources of an extremely vulnerable subpopulation–those experiencing housing vulnerability–in an advanced, high-income country (Australia). Groups such as these are often impossible to study using nationally representative data sources because they make up a small share of the overall population. We show that those experiencing housing vulnerability sleep less well, have more limited cognitive functioning, and less social capital than do those in the general population. They are also less emotionally stable, less conscientious, more external, and more risk tolerant. Collectively, these deficits in psychosocial and cognitive resources account for between 24–42% of their reduced life satisfaction and their increased mental distress and loneliness. These traits also account for a large proportion of the gap in mental wellbeing across different levels of housing vulnerability.

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22

Ippel, Martin J. "Individual Differences in Performance Accuracy as a Function of Work Load Manipulation." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 41, no. 1 (October 1997): 584–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181397041001129.

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This paper presents a theoretical analysis of how manipulation of work load effects task performance as measured by accuracy scores. The analysis is based on a central assumption of human performance theory: the assumption of limited cognitive resources. It is shown that the addition of an individual differences postulate to this theory makes it possible to derive a class of mathematical models that allows precise predictions of response accuracy as a function of cognitive work load (task parameter) and available resources (subject parameter).

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23

Papantonopoulos, Sotiris A., and Gavriel Salvendy. "A Decision Model for Cognitive Task Allocation." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 37, no. 4 (October 1993): 392–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129303700429.

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Cognitive task allocation employs task analysis to identify the performance and operational requirements of task functions; and demand/resource matching to match the identified requirements and the human and computer resources available for implementation. The current methodologies of cognitive task allocation are either too aggregate to provide adequate resolution of performance requirements or domain-specific and thus of limited applicability. The paper introduces a formal, quantitative, and domain-independent model of cognitive task allocation aimed at reducing the limitations inherent in the currently practiced methodologies. Demand/resource matching is modeled as an Analytic Hierarchy Process. The Analytic Hierarchy Process of Demand/Resource Matching is defined as a mapping process along a four-level Analytic Hierarchy. By means of the Analytic Hierarchy Process, a task function (Level 1 of the Analytic Hierarchy) is analyzed into its cognitive processes (Level 2); performance criteria are set for each cognitive process (Level 3) by means of which the capacities of the human, computer, or interactive human/computer controller (Level 4) are evaluated and compared. The Analytic Hierarchy Process then integrates judgements of human and computer abilities and limitations into a weighted average indicating the relative capacity of human and computer to perform this function. This assessment of relative merit of performance can hence be integrated with work design, economic, and other contextual factors towards the final allocation design. The Analytic Hierarchy Process was applied and evaluated in the design of task allocation in production planing and control of a flexible manufacturing system by comparing the allocation designs of two groups of subjects. One group was supported by the decision model, the other received no decision support. The observed differences between the two groups indicated that the decision model can effectively support detailed task analysis and an adequate resolution of performance requirements; the identification of the design, trade-offs between human allocation and automation; and provide the computational resources to reduce decision bias.

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24

Dohmen, Maud, Ella Braat-Eggen, Astrid Kemperman, and Maarten Hornikx. "The Effects of Noise on Cognitive Performance and Helplessness in Childhood: A Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 1 (December 24, 2022): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010288.

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Environmental noise affects our daily functioning in many ways, and the cognitive, motivational, and emotional effects of noise are intertwined. Our task performance under noisy conditions depends on our ability to cope with the noise and our cognitive resources. The process of (failed) coping may wear us out cognitively, lead to learned helplessness, and, consequently, alter the motivation to persist in a task. The direct effect of irrelevant sounds on cognitive functioning in children is relatively well-established, however, the research on the framework of learned helplessness is limited when it comes to children. Learned helplessness can give more insight into effects of environmental noise on learning and child development and how the effects of short-term and long-term exposure interact. A systematic literature review is performed to assess to what extent the current evidence addresses the (interaction) effects of the sound environment on cognition and learned helplessness as measured by motivation in children and young adults up to the age of 21. The search resulted in 8 included papers that addressed both cognition and learned helplessness in their research. The included papers study children between 8–13 years old and show evidence for a relation between environmental noise, cognition, and helplessness individually, but none study a possible interaction. Based on the individual study designs, it could be hypothesized that cognitive fatigue may play a role in the interaction. Studies that conducted motivation tasks after cognitive tasks found stronger effects than those that conducted tasks in a random order. More research is needed using the same methods in different age groups to further assess the interaction between cognition and learned helplessness in relation to the sound environment.

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25

Elazhary, Hanan. "Context-aware Cloud-based Mobile Application for Assessment and Training of Visual Cognitive Abilities." International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 11, no. 6 (November 27, 2017): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v11i6.7438.

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<p class="0abstract">Context-aware mobile applications can adapt to diﬀerent mobile, user and application contexts. Mobile cloud computing has been integrated with those applications to beneﬁt from the cloud resources and make up for the limited mobile resources. This paper proposes such an application for the assessment and training of student visual cognitive abilities and skills that constitute an integral part of student intelligence such as the visualization ability of recognizing rotated objects. The need to ubiquitously and continuously deliver exercises relevant to a speciﬁc visual cognitive ability or skill according to the student proﬁciency and context has stimulated proposing the context-aware cloud-based MObile application for assessment and training of visual Cognitive Abilities (MOCA) presented in this paper. Integrating cloud computing with MOCA allows creating an extendible repository on the cloud and saving the relatively limited mobile resources that would be consumed by visual material. MOCA can be used in applications that are based on such cognitive abilities such as teaching visual science concepts and the visual classiﬁcation and diagnosis of medical images. Two prototype mobile applications have been developed based on MOCA for visualization ability and for visual classiﬁcation of science concepts. Empirical evaluation has shown the eﬀectiveness of MOCA in training the students and the satisfaction of the students and teachers with its capabilities. MOCA is also a framework for building systems for other types of cognitive abilities.</p>

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26

Muttaqin, Zainal. "Epilepsy surgery in Indonesia: Achieving better result with limited resources." Medica Hospitalia : Journal of Clinical Medicine 1, no. 1 (September 25, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.36408/mhjcm.v1i1.383.

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Background: Even with modern medication, 30 to 40% of epilepsy patients will be intractable and this condition leads to cognitive and psychosocial decline, resulting in worse quality of life and higher mortality. With 0.5–0.6% prevalence, there will be about 1.5 million epileptic in Indonesia, about 440.000 will be intractable, and 220.000 of them are potential candidates for epilepsy surgery (ES). A decade has passed since the first ES performed on July 1999, and the number increases every year reaching 35–47 ES per year in 2007–2009. Despite the excellent result shown, all of these ES were still performed in Semarang (Diponegoro University) while the patients were from all part of Indonesia. The major reason behind the unavailability of ES in most part of the country should be discussed for the sake of future development of ES in Indonesia. Material: Epilepsy surgery was started in July 1999 with anterior temporal lobectomy for a 34 Y-old female with left mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) causing a long standing intractable seizures. The number of cases increases every year. Until the end of 2009, there were 238 cases of epilepsy surgery, including 212 anterior temporal lobectomies. Among these, 106 cases had been follow up more than 36 months, and evaluated for surgical results. Methods: To evaluate the patient's selection and the presurgical evaluation, we divide the ES cases into the first 5 years (56 cases) and the recent 5 years (182 cases). But for the purpose of evaluating surgical results, only those with at least 36 months postoperative follow-up were included (106 cases) and grouped into those operated before or after the age of 25 Y-old (group A and group B), and into those operated before or after the length of epilepsy of 10 years (group I and group II). Results: For the first five years-period, decision to operate were based on MRI and routine interictal EEG in 54 out of 56 TLE cases. One patient had long-term ictal EEG and another had subdural grid EEG implanted, since MRI in both patients showed visually normal MRI. For the last five years, decision to operate were based on MRI and routine EEG in 91 out of 156 TLE cases. Long term ictal EEG were performed in 46 patients, subdural grid EEG in 10 patients, PET study in 7 patients, and EcoG in 2 patients. The overall seizure free (SF) rate were 70.75%, but if grouped according to patient's age at surgery (less than or over 25 Y-old), the SF rates were 75.4% vs 66.04% respectively. So did if grouped according to length of disease (less than or more than 10 years), the SF rates were 78.72% vs 64.40% respectively. Conclusion: MRI plays very important role to decide the side of the epileptic temporal side, but this role is decreasing as it was 96.4% during the beginning five years to become 58.34% for the last five years. This means that we are working on more difficult epilepsy cases recently. SF rate was significantly higher for those who was operated at younger age and for those with shorter duration of epilepsy. This means that surgery should be offered earlier for those intractable TLE patients with obvious focus on MRI.

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27

Naseer, Sundus, Qurratul-Ain Minhas, Khalid Saleem, Ghazanfar Farooq Siddiqui, Naeem Bhatti, and Hasan Mahmood. "A game theoretic power control and spectrum sharing approach using cost dominance in cognitive radio networks." PeerJ Computer Science 7 (July 15, 2021): e617. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.617.

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The wireless networks face challenges in efficient utilization of bandwidth due to paucity of resources and lack of central management, which may result in undesired congestion. The cognitive radio (CR) paradigm can bring efficiency, better utilization of bandwidth, and appropriate management of limited resources. While the CR paradigm is an attractive choice, the CRs selfishly compete to acquire and utilize available bandwidth that may ultimately result in inappropriate power levels, causing degradation in network’s Quality of Service (QoS). A cooperative game theoretic approach can ease the problem of spectrum sharing and power utilization in a hostile and selfish environment. We focus on the challenge of congestion control that results in inadequate and uncontrolled access of channels and utilization of resources. The Nash equilibrium (NE) of a cooperative congestion game is examined by considering the cost basis, which is embedded in the utility function. The proposed algorithm inhibits the utility, which leads to the decrease in aggregate cost and global function maximization. The cost dominance is a pivotal agent for cooperation in CRs that results in efficient power allocation. Simulation results show reduction in power utilization due to improved management in cognitive radio resource allocation.

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28

Senvar, Ozlem, Coskun Ozavnik, and Bahar Sennaroglu. "Revealing Relationships between Personal Resources and Coping with Organizational Change." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 10, no. 02 (February 23, 2022): 3076–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v10i2.em08.

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Organizational change consists of three factors; content, process, and context. Change recipients’ characteristics with these factors provide data for employee reactions and change consequences. This study focuses on employees in terms of their dispositional traits and their coping mechanisms on coping with organizational change (COC). The study aims to examine relationships between personal resources and COC examining traits of self-esteem, optimism, perceived control, general self-efficacy and one situational factor; affective commitment and coping mechanisms. Results reveal that general self-efficacy and perceived control are significant traits on COC. Affective commitment elucidates limited role on COC. Optimism mediates the relationship between affective commitment and COC. Cognitive avoidance, cognitive redefinition and information seeking were observed as coping responses employees adapted in COC. Change agents should consider content, context and process issues in planning or responding change, but also put utmost importance in evaluating employees’ self-efficacy, perceived control potential, information sharing for smooth change period.

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Benenson, Joyce F., Ryan Rivard, and Henry Markovits. "Food availability differentially influences young males' and females' cognitive processes in accordance with sexual selection theory." Biology Letters 6, no. 2 (October 14, 2009): 250–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0727.

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Sexual selection theory predicts that additional resources will have a greater impact on males’ compared with females’ reproductive success. Consequently, we expected that strong cues signalling increased resource availability should augment cognitive functioning associated with long-term maximization of reproductive outcomes (inhibition, working memory) in human males. In human females, who can rely on assistance in resource-rich environments, we expected the opposite effect. We tested this prediction in lower socio-economic status children, since their poverty increased the relative salience of the cues available in a limited experimental situation. We show that cues indicative of food availability increased impoverished young males’ inhibitory and working memory capacities compared with males who viewed photographs of food. By contrast, cues indicating food availability exerted the opposite effect on females. These results indicate that cues related to resource availability have differential effects on basic cognitive functions associated with strategic behaviour in males and females. The findings also demonstrate remarkable plasticity in fundamental cognitive processes in young children, even those from impoverished backgrounds.

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Teja, Adrian. "Investor Limited Information Processing Capacity: Industry Level Analysis." Jurnal Manajemen dan Keuangan 8, no. 1 (July 31, 2019): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.33059/jmk.v8i1.1307.

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Investor has cognitive limitation in the form of limited information-processing capacity relative to the amount of information available to them. This limitation force investors to optimize their valuable resources by focusing only to a specific set of information based on their unique preference. Since different industry have different information complexities, different industries will have different investor segment in terms of investor number, investor sophistication, and investor speed to gather and to comprehend information from other industry. We investigate the prevalence of investor’s limited information-processing capacity in Indonesian stock market using autoregressive model. We used monthly data from 31 December 1999 to 30 September 2015 to identify whether there are industries that consistently lead other industries. We find only mining industry return, with small market capitalization only 3.3% relative to total Jakarta Composite Index market capitalization, which consistently leads Jakarta Composite Index return for one to two months.

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Kozić, Nadica, Vesna Blagojević, and Predrag Ivaniš. "Performance Analysis of Underlay Cognitive Radio System with Self-Sustainable Relay and Statistical CSI." Sensors 21, no. 11 (May 27, 2021): 3727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21113727.

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The relentlessly increasing number of small-sized devices with limited powering and computational capabilities requires the adoption of new approaches to spectrum access. In this paper, we analyze an underlay cooperative cognitive wireless system based on available statistical channel state information (CSI) that is applicable to the cognitive system with limited computational resources due to its low complexity. We considered the scenario where the primary and the cognitive network coexist in the same spectrum band, under the constraints of interference threshold and maximal tolerable outage permitted by the primary user. The communication in the secondary decode-and-forward (DF) relaying system is established via a self-sustainable relay, which harvests energy from both cognitive and primary transmitters. The closed-form expressions for the outage probability of the cognitive network are derived, which are valid for both time-switching relaying (TSR) and power-splitting relaying (PSR) protocols. We analyze the influence of both cognitive and primary systems as well as the impact of channel parameters on the cognitive system outage performance. The derived analytical results are corroborated by an independent simulation method.

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Xing, Sisi, Aidong Peng, and Yihong Mao. "Research on the key perception points in the process of e-book selection." Electronic Library 38, no. 5/6 (December 2, 2020): 1053–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/el-02-2020-0026.

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Purpose This paper aims to propose some suggestions for libraries and other digital reading service institutions to improve the utilization rate of e-books, based on the theoretical and empirical analysis of the perception behaviour characteristics of e-book selection under the allocation of limited cognitive resources. Design/methodology/approach From the perspective of key perception points, this paper studies the key perception points of selecting e-books through the experimental method and explores the influence of subject factors (users’ characteristics, users’ needs) on users’ e-book perception behaviour. Findings College students have selective attention in the process of selecting e-books. They will choose some important contents of e-books, such as title, book introduction, author, catalogue, reader comments, others’ recommendations, read leaderboard, to perceive and there is an obvious difference in perception intensity. Different personal traits and reading needs have a great influence on users’ perception points. Libraries and other digital reading service institutions should provide promotion information based on key perception points of e-books, develop personalized e-book service and promotion and optimize the expression of key perception points of e-books. Originality/value This paper presents a valuable study attempting to introduce cognitive resource theory into the field of digital reading service, which proves that users also have limited cognitive resource allocation in the process of selecting digital books.

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Maksimenko, Vladimir. "BCI for a brain state control in a dual-task paradigm." Cybernetics and Physics, Volume 8, 2019, Number 4 (December 30, 2019): 262–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.35470/2226-4116-2019-8-4-262-266.

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The brain resource is limited and it needs to be distributed among the different concurrent tasks. When the subject accomplishes the resource-demanding main task requiring sustained attention, the additional task leads to the reduction of resources allocated for the main task accomplishing. This additional task can be either important or caused by the distraction. Anyway, it causes a performance decrease in the main task. In this paper, we propose a brain-computer interface (BCI) to control the cognitive performance of the visual task accomplishing in the presence of the additional (mental arithmetic) task. We demonstrate how the additional task affects the performance of the main task accomplishing.

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Daffner, Kirk R., Hyemi Chong, Xue Sun, Elise C. Tarbi, Jenna L. Riis, Scott M. McGinnis, and Phillip J. Holcomb. "Mechanisms Underlying Age- and Performance-related Differences in Working Memory." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23, no. 6 (June 2011): 1298–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2010.21540.

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This study took advantage of the subsecond temporal resolution of ERPs to investigate mechanisms underlying age- and performance-related differences in working memory. Young and old subjects participated in a verbal n-back task with three levels of difficulty. Each group was divided into high and low performers based on accuracy under the 2-back condition. Both old subjects and low-performing young subjects exhibited impairments in preliminary mismatch/match detection operations (indexed by the anterior N2 component). This may have undermined the quality of information available for the subsequent decision-making process (indexed by the P3 component), necessitating the appropriation of more resources. Additional anterior and right hemisphere activity was recruited by old subjects. Neural efficiency and the capacity to allocate more resources to decision-making differed between high and low performers in both age groups. Under low demand conditions, high performers executed the task utilizing fewer resources than low performers (indexed by the P3 amplitude). As task requirements increased, high-performing young and old subjects were able to appropriate additional resources to decision-making, whereas their low-performing counterparts allocated fewer resources. Higher task demands increased utilization of processing capacity for operations other than decision-making (e.g., sustained attention) that depend upon a shared pool of limited resources. As demands increased, all groups allocated additional resources to the process of sustaining attention (indexed by the posterior slow wave). Demands appeared to have exceeded capacity in low performers, leading to a reduction of resources available to the decision-making process, which likely contributed to a decline in performance.

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Potts, Geoffrey F., Laura E. Martin, Philip Burton, and P. Read Montague. "When Things Are Better or Worse than Expected: The Medial Frontal Cortex and the Allocation of Processing Resources." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 18, no. 7 (July 2006): 1112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2006.18.7.1112.

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Access to limited-capacity neural systems of cognitive control must be restricted to the most relevant information. How the brain identifies and selects items for preferential processing is not fully understood. Anatomical models often place the selection mechanism in the medial frontal cortex (MFC), and one computational model proposes that the mesotelencephalic dopamine (DA) system, via its reward prediction properties, provides a “gate” through which information gains access to limited-capacity systems. There is a medial frontal event-related potential (ERP) index of attention selection, the anterior positivity (P2a), associated with DA reward system input to the MFC for the identification of task-relevant perceptual representations. The P2a has a similar spatio-temporal distribution as the medial frontal negativity (MFN), elicited to error responses or choices resulting in monetary loss. The MFN has also been linked to DA projections to the MFC but for action monitoring rather than attention selection. This study proposes that the P2a and the MFN reflect the same MFC evaluation function and use a passive reward prediction design containing neither instructed attention nor response to demonstrate that the ERP over medial frontal leads at the P2a/MFN latency is consistent with activity of midbrain DA neurons, positive to unpredicted rewards and negative when a predicted reward is withheld. This result suggests that MFC activity is regulated by DA reward system input and may function to identify items or actions that exceed or fail to meet motivational prediction.

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Osipova, Margarita B., and Anna G. Samokhvalova. "PSYCHOLOGICAL AND ACMEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF COGNITIVE RESOURCES IN OLDER PRESCHOOL CHILDREN TO OVERCOME COMMUNICATIVE DIFFICULTIES." Vestnik Kostroma State University. Series: Pedagogy. Psychology. Sociokinetics, no. 2 (2020): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/2073-1426-2020-26-2-79-85.

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The article actualises the problem of the development of cognitive resources of the personality of a child of a senior preschool age as a factor in constructive overcoming variative communicative difficulties; psychological and acmeological conditions necessary for the development of cognitive resources of preschool children are considered. Using a set of diagnostic methods, the levels of communicative development of preschoolers were identified, communicative difficulties typical of situations of communication with peers and adults were determined. It is concluded that in older preschool age, contentive and reflective communicative difficulties most often arise due to a lack of knowledge, inability to plan, structure, rebuild and analyse their own communicative actions. In addition, often the child alone cannot overcome the difficulties arising in communication due to the limited supply of cognitive resources that allow it to analyse and constructively solve the difficult task of interpersonal interaction. The authors’ programme aimed at implementing the psychological and acmeological conditions for the development of cognitive resources and the communicative competency of preschool children is presented. The effectiveness of the implementation of this programme is confirmed statistically. In conclusion, the authors conclude that it is necessary to purposefully develop the prerequisites for universal learning actions in older preschool children; the organisation of systematic psychological work with parents aimed at teaching them methods and methods for developing children’s cognitive abilities and facilitating overcoming communicative difficulties; the development of subjective qualities of preschoolers and subject-subject relations with peers and adults.

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Martinez, Rebeca, and Rebecca Horne. "Setting up and evaluating a cognitive–behavioural therapy training programme for psychiatric trainees." Psychiatric Bulletin 31, no. 11 (November 2007): 431–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.106.013896.

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Psychotherapy training provision within psychiatry training schemes differs across the UK. In the light of the current changes in training structures, adjustments may be required in the way that psychotherapy training is delivered and assessed. This paper reports on the development, delivery and evaluation of a cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) training programme for psychiatric trainees within a training scheme with limited psychotherapy resources.

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MORRISON, CASSANDRA, FAROOQ KAMAL, and VANESSA TALER. "The influence of bilingualism on working memory event-related potentials." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 22, no. 1 (June 13, 2018): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728918000391.

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Bilingualism has been found to enhance the ability to store and manipulate information in working memory (WM). However, previous studies of WM function in bilingualism have been limited to behavioural measures, leaving questions unanswered regarding the effects of bilingualism on neural mechanisms employed during WM tasks. We recorded brain activity (event-related potentials; ERPs) while participants (23 English-speaking and 21 English–French bilinguals) performed an n-back WM task. Accuracy and reaction time were similar across groups, but monolinguals exhibited smaller P300 amplitudes relative to bilinguals, suggesting that bilinguals have more cognitive resources available to complete cognitively demanding tasks.

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Awoyemi, B. S., B. T. Maharaj, and A. S. Alfa. "Resource Allocation in Heterogeneous Buffered Cognitive Radio Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7385627.

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Resources available for operation in cognitive radio networks (CRN) are generally limited, making it imperative for efficient resource allocation (RA) models to be designed for them. However, in most RA designs, a significant limiting factor to the RA’s productivity has hitherto been mostly ignored, the fact that different users or user categories do have different delay tolerance profiles. To address this, in this paper, an appropriate RA model for heterogeneous CRN with delay considerations is developed and analysed. In the model, the demands of users are first categorised and then, based on the distances of users from the controlling secondary user base station and with the assumption that the users are mobile, the user demands are placed in different queues having different service capacities and the resulting network is analysed using queueing theory. Furthermore, to achieve optimality in the RA process, an important concept is introduced whereby some demands from one queue are moved to another queue where they have a better chance of enhanced service, thereby giving rise to the possibility of an improvement in the overall performance of the network. The performance results obtained from the analysis, particularly the blocking probability and network throughput, show that the queueing model incorporated into the RA process can help in achieving optimality for the heterogeneous CRN with buffered data.

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Trötschel, Roman, Marie van Treek, Caroline Heydenbluth, Kai Zhang, and Johann M. Majer. "From Claiming to Creating Value: The Psychology of Negotiations on Common Resource Dilemmas." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (April 27, 2022): 5257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095257.

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Current sustainability challenges often reflect common resource dilemmas where peoples’ short-term self-interests are at odds with collective interests in the present and future. In this article, we highlight the key role of joint decision-making processes in negotiations to facilitate the management of common resource dilemmas and to promote the transition toward sustainability. By reflecting on psychological drivers and barriers, we argue that the limited availability, the restricted accessibility, and the dynamic alterability of resources in negotiations on common resource dilemmas may cause a myopic mindset that fosters value claiming strategies and, ultimately, results in distributive-consumptive negotiation outcomes. To promote value creation in negotiations on common resource dilemmas, we argue that agents must perform a mindset shift with an inclusive social identity on a superordinate group level, an embracive prosocial motivation for other parties’ interests at and beyond the table, and a forward-looking cognitive orientation towards long-term consequences of their joint decisions. By shifting their mindset from a myopic towards a holistic cognitive orientation, agents may explore negotiation strategies to create value through increasing the availability, improving the accessibility, and using the alterability of resources. Applying these value creation strategies may help achieve integrative-transformative negotiation outcomes and promote sustainable agreements aimed at intersectional, interlocal, and intergenerational justice. We conclude by discussing additional psychological factors that play a pivotal role in negotiations on common resource dilemmas as well as further developments for future research.

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Raskin, Jonathan D., and Salvatore Attardo. "Non-literalness and non-bona-fîde in language." Pragmatics and Cognition 2, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 31–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.2.1.02ras.

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The paper is devoted to the study of humor as an important pragmatic phenomenon bearing on cognition, and, more specifically, as a cooperative mode of non-bona-fide communication. Several computational models of humor are presented in increasing order of complexity and shown to reveal important cognitive structures in jokes. On the basis of these limited implementations, the concept of a full-fledged computational model for the understanding and generation of humor is introduced and discussed in various aspects. The model draws upon the authors ' General Theory of Verbal Humor, with its six knowledge resources informing a joke, and on SMEARR, a sophisticated semantic-network-based computational lexical environment. The relevance of the approach to the interpretation, generation, and cognitive structure of humor is discussed in the broader context of the nature of the cooperative non-bona-fide modes of communication.

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Clayton, Russell B., Glenn Leshner, Ashley Sanders-Jackson, and Joshua Hendrickse. "When Counterarguing Becomes the Primary Task: Examination of Dogmatic Anti-Vaping Messages on Psychological Reactance, Available Cognitive Resources, and Memory." Journal of Communication 70, no. 4 (March 10, 2020): 522–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqaa010.

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Abstract This study tested Psychological Reactance Theory and the Limited Capacity Model of Motivated Mediated Message Processing by examining participants’ (N = 155 young adult, ever-vapers) cognitive and affective responses to anti-vaping public service announcements (PSAs) featuring dogmatic or suggestive language. Ever-vapers in the dogmatic PSA condition were predicted to report greater perceived freedom threats, anger and counterarguments, and intentions to vape relative to ever-vapers in the suggestive PSA condition. This study also examined how counterarguing, as the cognitive component of psychological reactance, influences available cognitive resources and encoding of message content. The results indicated that ever-vapers in the dogmatic PSA condition reported significantly greater freedom threats and state psychological reactance but not intentions to vape relative to ever-vapers in the suggestive PSA condition. Moreover, counterarguing dogmatic anti-vaping PSAs resulted in fewer available cognitive resources for encoding as evidenced by slower Secondary Task Reaction Times (STRTs) and reduced encoding of message content. The results from this study provide considerable theoretical and practical implications while advancing the STRT measure.

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Kanwal, Asma, Sagheer Abbas, Taher M. Ghazal, Allah Ditta, Hani Alquhayz, and Muhammad Adnan Khan. "Towards Parallel Selective Attention Using Psychophysiological States as the Basis for Functional Cognition." Sensors 22, no. 18 (September 15, 2022): 7002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22187002.

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Attention is a complex cognitive process with innate resource management and information selection capabilities for maintaining a certain level of functional awareness in socio-cognitive service agents. The human-machine society depends on creating illusionary believable behaviors. These behaviors include processing sensory information based on contextual adaptation and focusing on specific aspects. The cognitive processes based on selective attention help the agent to efficiently utilize its computational resources by scheduling its intellectual tasks, which are not limited to decision-making, goal planning, action selection, and execution of actions. This study reports ongoing work on developing a cognitive architectural framework, a Nature-inspired Humanoid Cognitive Computing Platform for Self-aware and Conscious Agents (NiHA). The NiHA comprises cognitive theories, frameworks, and applications within machine consciousness (MC) and artificial general intelligence (AGI). The paper is focused on top-down and bottom-up attention mechanisms for service agents as a step towards machine consciousness. This study evaluates the behavioral impact of psychophysical states on attention. The proposed agent attains almost 90% accuracy in attention generation. In social interaction, contextual-based working is important, and the agent attains 89% accuracy in its attention by adding and checking the effect of psychophysical states on parallel selective attention. The addition of the emotions to attention process produced more contextual-based responses.

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Du, Ping, Dingkai Li, Tao Liu, Liming Zhang, Xiaoxia Yang, and Yikun Li. "Crisis Map Design Considering Map Cognition." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 10 (October 14, 2021): 692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10100692.

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Crisis maps play a significant role in emergency responses. Users are challenged to interpret a map rapidly in emergencies, with limited visual information-processing resources and under time pressure. Therefore, cartographic techniques are required to facilitate their map cognition. In this study, we analyzed the exogenous and endogenous disruptions that users needed to overcome when they were reading maps. The analysis results suggested that cartographers’ taking the stressors into consideration could promote the cognitive fit between cartographers and users, improving map cognition and spatial information supply–demand matching. This paper also elaborates the course of map visual information processing and related graphic variables to visual attention attributes. To improve the users’ map cognition in time-critical emergency situations, crisis map design principles and a methodology were proposed. We developed three fire emergency rescue road maps and performed two evaluations to verify the effectiveness of the principles. Our experiments showed that the principles could effectively facilitate the users’ rapid map perception and proper understanding, by reducing their cognitive load, and could improve the quality of the crisis maps to some extent.

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45

Du, Ping, Dingkai Li, Tao Liu, Liming Zhang, Xiaoxia Yang, and Yikun Li. "Crisis Map Design Considering Map Cognition." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 10 (October 14, 2021): 692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10100692.

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Crisis maps play a significant role in emergency responses. Users are challenged to interpret a map rapidly in emergencies, with limited visual information-processing resources and under time pressure. Therefore, cartographic techniques are required to facilitate their map cognition. In this study, we analyzed the exogenous and endogenous disruptions that users needed to overcome when they were reading maps. The analysis results suggested that cartographers’ taking the stressors into consideration could promote the cognitive fit between cartographers and users, improving map cognition and spatial information supply–demand matching. This paper also elaborates the course of map visual information processing and related graphic variables to visual attention attributes. To improve the users’ map cognition in time-critical emergency situations, crisis map design principles and a methodology were proposed. We developed three fire emergency rescue road maps and performed two evaluations to verify the effectiveness of the principles. Our experiments showed that the principles could effectively facilitate the users’ rapid map perception and proper understanding, by reducing their cognitive load, and could improve the quality of the crisis maps to some extent.

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46

Nosofsky, Robert M., and Chris Donkin. "Qualitative contrast between knowledge-limited mixed-state and variable-resources models of visual change detection." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 42, no. 10 (October 2016): 1507–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000268.

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47

Si, Mei. "Should I Stop Thinking About It: A Computational Exploration of Reappraisal Based Emotion Regulation." Advances in Human-Computer Interaction 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/856726.

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Agent-based simulation of people’s behaviors and minds has become increasingly popular in recent years. It provides a research platform to simulate and compare alternative psychological and social theories, as well as to create virtual characters that can interact with people or among each other to provide pedagogical or entertainment effects. In this paper, we investigate computationally modeling people’s coping behaviors and in particular in relation to depression, in decision-theoretic agents. Recent studies have suggested that depression can result from failed emotion regulation under limited cognitive resources. In this work, we demonstrate how reappraisal can fail under high levels of stress and limited cognitive resources using an agent-based simulation. Further, we explored the effectiveness of reappraisal under different conditions. Our experiments suggest that for people who are more likely to recall positive memories, it is more beneficial to think about the recalled events from multiple perspectives. However, for people who are more likely to recall negative memories, the better strategy is to not evaluate the recalled events against multiple goals.

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Wahn, Basil, Supriya Murali, Scott Sinnett, and Peter König. "Auditory Stimulus Detection Partially Depends on Visuospatial Attentional Resources." i-Perception 8, no. 1 (January 2017): 204166951668802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041669516688026.

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Humans’ ability to detect relevant sensory information while being engaged in a demanding task is crucial in daily life. Yet, limited attentional resources restrict information processing. To date, it is still debated whether there are distinct pools of attentional resources for each sensory modality and to what extent the process of multisensory integration is dependent on attentional resources. We addressed these two questions using a dual task paradigm. Specifically, participants performed a multiple object tracking task and a detection task either separately or simultaneously. In the detection task, participants were required to detect visual, auditory, or audiovisual stimuli at varying stimulus intensities that were adjusted using a staircase procedure. We found that tasks significantly interfered. However, the interference was about 50% lower when tasks were performed in separate sensory modalities than in the same sensory modality, suggesting that attentional resources are partly shared. Moreover, we found that perceptual sensitivities were significantly improved for audiovisual stimuli relative to unisensory stimuli regardless of whether attentional resources were diverted to the multiple object tracking task or not. Overall, the present study supports the view that attentional resource allocation in multisensory processing is task-dependent and suggests that multisensory benefits are not dependent on attentional resources.

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Zeng, Fanzi, Yuting Tang, and Jianjie Pu. "Multichannel Broadcast Based on Home Channel for Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/725210.

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Considering the limited resources and the dynamic spectrum distribution in the cognitive radio sensor networks (CRSN), a half-duplex Multichannel broadcast protocol for CRSN is presented based on the home channel. This protocol maintains the networks topology only through the home channel, so there is no need for the public channel to transmit the control information and no need for the synchronization. After network initialization, node broadcasts data via home channel in half-duplex transmission way. The simulation results show that, compared with complete broadcast, the proposed protocol effectively reduces broadcast delay and overhead.

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Thomson, Keela S., and Daniel M. Oppenheimer. "Investigating an alternate form of the cognitive reflection test." Judgment and Decision Making 11, no. 1 (January 2016): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500007622.

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AbstractMuch research in cognitive psychology has focused on the tendency to conserve limited cognitive resources. The CRT is the predominant measure of such miserly information processing, and also predicts a number of frequently studied decision-making traits (such as belief bias and need for cognition). However, many subjects from common subject populations have already been exposed to the questions, which might add considerable noise to data. Moreover, the CRT has been shown to be confounded with numeracy. To increase the pool of available questions and to try to address numeracy confounds, we developed and tested the CRT-2. CRT-2 questions appear to rely less on numeracy than the original CRT but appear to measure closely related constructs in other respects. Crucially, substantially fewer subjects from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk have been previously exposed to CRT-2 questions. Though our primary purpose was investigating the CRT-2, we also found that belief bias questions appear suitable as an additional source of new items. Implications and remaining measurement challenges are discussed.

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