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Статті в журналах з теми "Cognitive limited resources"
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Kemps, Eva, Marika Tiggemann, and Megan Grigg. "Food cravings consume limited cognitive resources." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 14, no. 3 (2008): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0012736.
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Vandevoorde, Koenraad, and Jean-Jacques Orban de Xivry. "Why is the explicit component of motor adaptation limited in elderly adults?" Journal of Neurophysiology 124, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 152–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00659.2019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Our work addresses the contradiction between the age-related increase in the contribution of cognition for the execution of motor tasks and the age-related decrease in the cognitive component of motor adaptation. We predicted that elderly adults would need more cognitive resources for reaches and would, therefore, not have enough cognitive resources available for adaptation. Rather, we observed that visuospatial abilities could better explain the amount of cognition used by our participants for motor adaptation.
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Wu, Kai, and Jing Liu. "Learning large-scale fuzzy cognitive maps under limited resources." Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 116 (November 2022): 105376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2022.105376.
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Wang, Jun She, Rui Juan Qiao, and Ya Nan Zhang. "Cognitive Backoff Algorithm Research." Applied Mechanics and Materials 610 (August 2014): 627–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.610.627.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Wireless communication technology has been widely applied in People's Daily life. However, limited spectrum resources and low spectrum utilization of spectrum resources shortage is proposed. In this paper, a cognitive function of backoff algorithm (CR-BOA) is raised. This algorithm depending on the degree of congestion channel adaptive adjustment the size of the backoff value .This algorithm greatly improves the performance of the network, and reduces the problems of delay caused by the spectrum resource scarcity. Finally, use the OPNET simulation software, the results show that the end-to-end delay and the packet loss rate are reduced.
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Marquine, María J., Eisuke Segawa, Robert S. Wilson, David A. Bennett, and Lisa L. Barnes. "Association between Cognitive Activity and Cognitive Function in Older Hispanics." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 18, no. 6 (June 8, 2012): 1041–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135561771200080x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThere is limited research on the association between participation in cognitively stimulating activity and cognitive function in older Hispanics. The main purpose of the present study was to explore whether frequency of cognitive activity and its association with cognitive function in Hispanics is comparable to that of non-Hispanics. In a multiethnic cohort of 1571 non-demented older adults, we assessed past and current cognitive activity, availability of cognitive resources in the home in childhood and middle age, and five domains of cognitive function. The measures of cognitive activity and cognitive resources had adequate reliability and validity in our subset of Hispanic participants (n = 81). Hispanics reported lower levels of education, lower frequency of cognitive activity and less cognitive resources than non-Hispanic White (n = 1102) and non-Hispanic Black (n = 388) participants. Despite these differences the strength of the association between cognitive activity and cognitive function was comparable across ethnic groups. Because Hispanics have lower frequency of cognitive activity, the benefit of cognitive activity to late life cognitive function may be potentially larger in this segment of the population. Thus, interventions aimed at increasing frequency of participation in cognitively stimulating activity may offer a potential target to reduce cognitive impairment in Hispanics. (JINS, 2012, 18, 1–11)
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CHE, Jingshang, Hailong SUN, Chenjie XIAO, and Aimei LI. "Why information overload damages decisions? An explanation based on limited cognitive resources." Advances in Psychological Science 27, no. 10 (2019): 1758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1042.2019.01758.
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Morishima, Yasunori. "Allocation of Limited Cognitive Resources During Text Comprehension in a Second Language." Discourse Processes 50, no. 8 (November 2013): 577–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0163853x.2013.846964.
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Maniscalco, Brian, Li Yan McCurdy, Brian Odegaard, and Hakwan Lau. "Limited Cognitive Resources Explain a Trade-Off between Perceptual and Metacognitive Vigilance." Journal of Neuroscience 37, no. 5 (December 27, 2016): 1213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.2271-13.2016.
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Mišić, Jelena, and Vojislav B. Mišić. "Making the best of limited resources: Optimized differential sensing in cognitive PANs." Computer Networks 54, no. 4 (March 2010): 605–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2009.08.009.
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Growney, Claire, and Tammy English. "AGE AND COGNITIVE ABILITY AS PREDICTORS OF EMOTION REGULATION STRATEGY USE." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1883.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Emotion regulation (ER) is viewed as a cognitively demanding process and involves selecting and implementing specific strategies in support of one’s emotional goals. Older adults are theorized to maintain emotional wellbeing by selecting ER strategies that are consistent with their available resources, which may involve engaging more with lower-arousal stimuli and less with higher-arousal stimuli, especially when cognitive resources are limited. The aim of this study was to examine relationships between age, cognitive ability, and use of different types of ER strategies. Participants (N = 287) aged 25-85 (M = 54.33, SD = 17.19) completed assessments of cognitive ability from the NIH Toolbox Cognitive Battery. In a laboratory task, participants viewed a series of film clips eliciting low-arousal emotions (sadness, contentment) and high-arousal emotions (disgust, amusement) under instructions to regulate pro-hedonically using any available strategy. They reported their use of disengagement (e.g., distraction, suppression), engagement (e.g., perspective-taking, awareness), and positive-focus strategies (e.g., savoring, positive reappraisal). Results from multilevel models revealed that with low-arousal stimuli, age was associated with higher engagement and lower disengagement, regardless of fluid cognitive ability. With high-arousal stimuli, a fluid cognition X age interaction indicated that there was an age-related increase in engagement among individuals with higher fluid cognitive ability, but not lower fluid cognitive ability. Findings support the idea that older adults tend to engage with emotional stimuli, which may aid with processing and support emotional memory for future regulation attempts. Fluid cognitive ability may be an important resource supporting older adults’ engagement with high-arousal stimuli.
Дисертації з теми "Cognitive limited resources"
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Bowling, Alexandra J. "Emotional Interference: The Impact of Task-relevant Emotional Stimuli on Cognitive Performance." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1429958352.
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Chen, Wei-Ying. "Temporal Limits of Multiple Object Tracking and Resource Theory." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/9413.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The attentional capacity limitation of tracking multiple moving objects has been discussed expansively by various theoreticians. The research reported in this thesis assessed the limits of object tracking with a series of systematic psychophysical investigations. Chapter 2 reports evidence that the limits of object tracking are directly due to the resources allocated to each target rather than caused by spatial interference (Franconeri et al., 2008; 2010). With widely-spaced target configurations, the maximum speed observers could track targets declined as the number of targets increased. Chapter 4 provides evidence supporting the claim that tracking resources are flexibly shared among targets, with the fastest-moving target receiving more resources than the slower-moving target. These results provide concrete evidence to support the assumptions of resource theory: continuously allocated resources, limited capacity, and flexible resource allocation. The current research also demonstrated some specific findings regarding resource theory in object tracking. Chapters 3 and 4 confirmed previous findings obtained using different methodologies (Alvarez & Cavanagh, 2005) by showing that tracking resources are largely hemisphere-specific, and effectively demonstrated that performance for a fast-moving target is very sensitive to the amount of resources allocated. Furthermore, Chapter 5 showed that observers lost the tracked target if distractors occupied a location close to the time a target occupied it, suggesting that the mechanism of tracking also has a limited temporal resolution, and that reducing the resource allocated to each target reduces temporal resolution. To conclude, the findings of all the experiments are discussed in the context of various resource theories.
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Giguère, Benjamin. "Identity threats, social identification and limited resources an examination of social and cognitive determinants of self-regulation /." 2004. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR11799.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 2004. Graduate Programme in Psychology.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 37-45). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004 & res_dat=xri:pqdiss & rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation & rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR11799.
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Chung, Goochul. "Cognitive radios : fundamental limits and applications to cellular and wireless local networks." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2012-05-5133.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An ever increasing number of wirelessly-enabled applications places a very high demand on stringent spectral resources. Cognitive radios have the potential of enhancing spectral efficiency by improving the usage of channels that are already licensed for a specific purpose. Research on cognitive radios involves answering questions such as: how can a cognitive radio transmit at a high data rate while maintaining the same quality of service for the licensed user? There are multiple forms of cognition studied in literature, and each of these models must be studied in detail to understand its impact on the overall system performance. Specifically, the information-theoretic capacity of such systems is of great interest. Also, the design of cognitive radio is necessary to achieve those capacities in real applications.
In this dissertation, we formulate different problems that relate to the performance of such systems and methods to increase their efficiency. This dissertation discusses, firstly, the means of "sensing" in cognitive systems, secondly, the optimal resource allocation algorithms for interweave cognitive radio, and finally, the fundamental limits of partially and overly cognitive
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Книги з теми "Cognitive limited resources"
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Gershman, Samuel. What Makes Us Smart. Princeton University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691205717.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
At the heart of human intelligence rests a fundamental puzzle: How are we incredibly smart and stupid at the same time? No existing machine can match the power and flexibility of human perception, language, and reasoning. Yet, we routinely commit errors that reveal the failures of our thought processes. This book makes sense of this paradox by arguing that our cognitive errors are not haphazard. Rather, they are the inevitable consequences of a brain optimized for efficient inference and decision making within the constraints of time, energy, and memory—in other words, data and resource limitations. Framing human intelligence in terms of these constraints, the book shows how a deeper computational logic underpins the “stupid” errors of human cognition. Embarking on a journey across psychology, neuroscience, computer science, linguistics, and economics, the book presents unifying principles that govern human intelligence. First, inductive bias: any system that makes inferences based on limited data must constrain its hypotheses in some way before observing data. Second, approximation bias: any system that makes inferences and decisions with limited resources must make approximations. Applying these principles to a range of computational errors made by humans, the book demonstrates that intelligent systems designed to meet these constraints yield characteristically human errors. Examining how humans make intelligent and maladaptive decisions, the book delves into the successes and failures of cognition.
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Harry, Elizabeth, and John Sweller. Cognitive Load Theory and Patient Safety. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199366149.003.0002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Effective patient care depends on the ability to store and retrieve patient information and medical knowledge. All knowledge is either acquired from the environment or created de novo through trial and error. In either case, cues from the environment are filtered through working memory to attempt to guide action. Psychological principles such as resource theory and cognitive load theory suggest that humans have a limited amount of working memory that can be used to assimilate new information. When working memory is overloaded (i.e., cognitive overload), one’s attention is limited to fewer salient patient data pieces and one will naturally begin to ignore potentially crucial information. Cognitive overload can occur as a result of highly complex information, poorly organized information, distracting environments, or provider physiology. Attention to factors that lead to cognitive overload are critical in designing safe patient care systems.
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Davis, George C., and Elena L. Serrano. Neuroeconomics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199379118.003.0010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Chapter 10 places both the neoclassical and behavioral economic approaches under the broader unifying framework of neuroeconomics. The chapter uses insights from the neuroscience and neuroeconomics literature to consider food and nutrition choices within a dual systems dual objectives framework with limited cognitive resources. This framework allows us to reinterpret and re-evaluate various factors already discussed in the book, ranging from income, to prices, to information campaigns, to behavioral effects. This broader framework sheds new light on why some factors may seem more important than others. This leads naturally to a discussion of the types of nutrition interventions that are most likely to be most effective as well.
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Kuemmel, Angela. Abuse of Persons with Disabilities. Edited by Phillip M. Kleespies. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352722.013.18.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abuse of people with disabilities is a substantial problem because of the particular physical, emotional, and sexual vulnerabilities that people with disabilities have, in addition to being vulnerable to the abuse associated with their disabilities. The problem of abuse for the disabled population is complicated by a lack of knowledge in health-care professionals, lack of awareness in people with disabilities themselves, and limited resources for, and barriers to, intervention. In this chapter I will examine the nature of the problem, the types of abuse related to disability, and the vulnerability factors that increase risk. We will look at how to assess for abuse in people with disabilities, the consequences often faced in reporting abuse, and the best practices for assessment. I will also review the limited research on different cognitive, behavioral, or psycho-educational intervention approaches. Given the challenges to successfully evaluating and addressing this problem, mental health providers must have a thorough understanding of this issue.
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Blonigen, Daniel M., John W. Finney, Paula L. Wilbourne, and Rudolf H. Moos. Psychosocial Treatments for Substance Use Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780199342211.003.0023.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The most effective psychosocial modalities for treating substance use disorders are cognitive-behavioral interventions, motivational interviewing and motivational enhancement, contingency management, community reinforcement, behavioral couples and family therapies, and 12-step facilitation approaches. The foci of these interventions include substance use behavior, patients’ life contexts, and their social and personal resources. Limited evidence is available for these interventions’ differential effectiveness. Brief interventions are highly effective in the treatment of alcohol use disorders. However, as stand-alone treatments, they are best suited for individuals with mild to moderate alcohol use problems. Therapists who are interpersonally skilled, empathic, and nonconfrontational, and who develop a strong therapeutic alliance, are more effective at helping patients achieve better outcomes.
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Seedat, Soraya, and Sharain Suliman. PTSD in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Edited by Charles B. Nemeroff and Charles R. Marmar. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259440.003.0009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The burden of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) is high. In addition to trauma type and sociodemographic correlates, cultural and social drivers of the disorder are critical to consider in diagnosis and treatment provision. Sociocultural factors may underpin the cognitive and affective neural mechanisms of PTSD and its phenotypic presentation. Although steps have been taken to evaluate and disseminate empirically supported interventions for PTSD in LMIC that are feasible, affordable, and potentially sustainable despite the limited resources that exist in these countries, well-designed quantitative and qualitative randomized controlled trials are needed in order to gain a more nuanced understanding of the cultural expressions of PTSD.
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Collins, Megan Eileen, and Thomas A. Loughran. Rational Choice Theory, Heuristics, and Biases. Edited by Wim Bernasco, Jean-Louis van Gelder, and Henk Elffers. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199338801.013.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A growing body of research on offender decision making has focused on studying the use of heuristic biases, or cognitive shortcuts taken in certain situations, when offenders make decisions in the face of uncertainty. The idea is that when offenders (or any individuals) are contemplating uncertain decisions with limited time, information, or resources to make a rational choice calculus, heuristics enable a suitable decision to be reached quickly. However, often heuristics can lead to biases, errors, preference reversals, or suboptimal decisions. This chapter considers departures from rational behavior and heuristics and biases, specifically how the latter have been integrated into the study of offenders’ choice calculus. In particular, it reviews how biases and deviations from rationality have been routinely observed when studying offender decisions.
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Zhang, Luxia, and Haiyan Wang. Chronic kidney disease in developing countries. Edited by David J. Goldsmith. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0096_update_001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The spread of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is a barrier to the development of goals including reduction of poverty, health equity, economic stability, and human security. NCDs accounted for 61% of the estimated 58 million deaths and 46% of the global burden of diseases worldwide in 2005. Among NCDs, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is of particular significance. It is recognized that the burden of CKD is not only limited to its impact on demands for renal replacement therapy but has equally major impacts on the health of the overall population. For example, it is now well established that among the general population as well as in the diabetic or hypertensive population, the prognosis, especially the mortality and acceleration of cardiovascular events, depends on kidney involvement. Also, CKD is associated with other major serious consequences including increased risk of acute kidney injury, increased risk of mineral and bone disease, adverse metabolic and nutritional consequences, infections, and reduced cognitive function. As a consequence of these amplifying effects, the financial expenditure and medical resources consumed for the management of CKD patients is much higher than expected. The burden of CKD is likely to have profound socioeconomic and public health consequences in developing countries.
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Holliday, Kate L., Wendy Thomson, and John McBeth. Genetics of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0045.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Chronic pain disorders are prevalent and a large burden on health care resources. Around 10% of the general population report chronic widespread pain, which is the defining feature of fibromyalgia. Fibromyalgia is a poorly understood idiopathic disorder which is also characterized by widespread tenderness and commonly occurs with comorbid mood disorders, fatigue, sleep disturbance, and cognitive dysfunction. A role for genetics in chronic pain disorders has been identified by twin studies, with heritability estimates of around 50%. Susceptibility genes for chronic pain are likely to be involved in pain processing or the psychological component of these disorders. A number of genes have been implicated in influencing how pain is perceived due to mutations causing monogenic pain disorders or an insensitivity to pain from birth. The role of common variation, however, is less well known. The findings from human candidate gene studies of musculoskeletal pain to date are discussed. However, the scope of these studies has been relatively limited in comparison to other complex conditions. Identifying susceptibility loci will help to determine the biological mechanisms involved and potentially new therapeutic targets; however, this is a challenging research area due to the subjective nature of pain and heterogeneity in the phenotype. Using more quantitative phenotypes such as experimental pain measures may prove to be a more fruitful strategy to identify susceptibility loci. Findings from these studies and other potential approaches are discussed.
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Holliday, Kate L., Wendy Thomson, John McBeth, and Nisha Nair. Genetics of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0045_update_001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Chronic pain disorders are prevalent and a large burden on health care resources. Around 10% of the general population report chronic widespread pain, which is the defining feature of fibromyalgia. Fibromyalgia is a poorly understood idiopathic disorder which is also characterized by widespread tenderness and commonly occurs with comorbid mood disorders, fatigue, sleep disturbance, and cognitive dysfunction. A role for genetics in chronic pain disorders has been identified by twin studies, with heritability estimates of around 50%. Susceptibility genes for chronic pain are likely to be involved in pain processing or the psychological component of these disorders. A number of genes have been implicated in influencing how pain is perceived due to mutations causing monogenic pain disorders or an insensitivity to pain from birth. The role of common variation, however, is less well known. The findings from human candidate gene studies of musculoskeletal pain to date are discussed. However, the scope of these studies has been relatively limited in comparison to other complex conditions. Identifying susceptibility loci will help to determine the biological mechanisms involved and potentially new therapeutic targets; however, this is a challenging research area due to the subjective nature of pain and heterogeneity in the phenotype. Using more quantitative phenotypes such as experimental pain measures may prove to be a more fruitful strategy to identify susceptibility loci. Findings from these studies and other potential approaches are discussed.
Частини книг з теми "Cognitive limited resources"
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Zimmer, Hubert D., Stefan Münzer, and Katja Umla-Runge. "Visuo-spatialWorking Memory as a Limited Resource of Cognitive Processing." In Resource-Adaptive Cognitive Processes, 13–34. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89408-7_2.
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Costa, Massimiliano, and Andrea Strano. "Boosting Entrepreneurship Capability in Work Transitions." In Employability & Competences, 389–98. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-672-9.43.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Work personalization within cognitive capitalism (Alessandrini 2013) demands universities to certify competences that can promote new forms of employability (Boffo, Federighi, Torlone 2015), connected to global network innovation (Steiner et al. 2013). Personal entrepreneurship becomes the heuristic promoter of career changes (Federighi, Torlone 2013). This enables individuals to ask new questions, to provide innovative solutions, and to create endeavours that can extend the current limits of knowledge, or define new ones (Costa 2014). Methodology: The research analysed variables and, by doing so, strengthened entrepreneurial competence (Morselli, Costa 2015; Costa, Strano 2016) from an enabling perspective, involving more than one hundred people going through a career change (Sen 2000). Based on a mixed method (Ponce, Pagán-Maldonado 2015) the research was developed over four phases: 1) Self-assessment (Pittaway, Edwards 2012) of entrepreneurial attitudes; 2) Recognition (Federighi 2014) of emerging competences from global innovation networks; 3) Reflective thinking (Mortari 2003) and switching in terms of awareness (Mezirow 2003); 4) Capability (Sen 2006) of opportunities and resources for the instigation of entrepreneurial action (Costa Strano 2016). Results: The data observed show that during career changes the development of competences is positively linked to age, education, and experience, above all when combined with enabling processes. As for entrepreneurship, training contexts in the service industry prove strategic, even if still too focused solely on the technical-informative dimension. Furthermore, the results show that entrepreneurial training (Pittaway, Edwards 2012) becomes competence that can promote action starting from resources/opportunities in various career changes (Costa 2014)
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Tonegawa, Yoshiko. "Education in SDGs: What is Inclusive and Equitable Quality Education?" In Sustainable Development Goals Series, 55–70. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4859-6_4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractEducation was positioned as Goal 4 (i.e., SDG4) in SDGs. SDG4 aims to “ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all.” The lack of education and the inability to read and write often limit access to information and disadvantage the livelihoods of people. From the perspective of acquiring knowledge and skills, along with developing human resources, it is clear that the elements of education are present across all 17 SDGs. In other words, education is a cross-cutting discipline that influences a variety of areas (Kitamura et al. 2014) and, as such, plays an important role in achieving all SDGs. The main objective of this chapter is to examine “inclusive and equitable quality education.” First, this chapter provides a brief overview of international trends in educational cooperation from 1945 to 2015, covering the Education for All (EFA), Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), and SDGs. It then discusses “inclusive and equitable quality education,” the core of SDG4. It specifically addresses discussions on equity, inclusion, and the quality of education. Furthermore, the quality of education is examined from four perspectives: school environment, educational attainment, learning achievement, and non-cognitive skills. This chapter also presents the case of education for children with disabilities in Ethiopia. [This chapter was written by modifying the following chapter: Tonegawa Y (2018) “Kokusai kyouiku kyouryoku (International cooperation in education)” in Yamada M (ed) Atarashii kokusai kyouryoku ron (New international cooperation theory), Revised edition, Akashi Shoten, Tokyo]
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Saleem, Yasir, Farrukh Salim, and Mubashir Husain Rehmani. "Integration of Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks and Cloud Computing." In Advances in Wireless Technologies and Telecommunication, 288–312. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6212-4.ch011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks (CRSNs) are composed of sensor nodes equipped with Cognitive Radio (CR) technology with limited resources (e.g., storage, computational speed, bandwidth, security, etc.). In order to overcome resource limitation, cognitive radio sensor nodes are integrated with cloud computing, which provides computing resources (e.g., storage, computation, security, etc.) to sensor nodes. Therefore, the focus of this chapter is integration of cognitive radio sensor networks with cloud computing. In this chapter, the authors first provide background on cloud computing, cognitive radio networks, wireless sensor networks, and cognitive radio sensor networks. This chapter also describes benefits of this integration to both cognitive radio sensor networks and cloud computing, followed by advantages of using cloud computing in cognitive radio sensor networks. Furthermore, it provides applications of cloud-based cognitive radio sensor networks. In the end, the authors provide some issues, challenges, and future directions for such integration.
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Saleem, Yasir, Farrukh Salim, and Mubashir Husain Rehmani. "Integration of Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks and Cloud Computing." In Cloud Technology, 1025–48. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6539-2.ch047.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks (CRSNs) are composed of sensor nodes equipped with Cognitive Radio (CR) technology with limited resources (e.g., storage, computational speed, bandwidth, security, etc.). In order to overcome resource limitation, cognitive radio sensor nodes are integrated with cloud computing, which provides computing resources (e.g., storage, computation, security, etc.) to sensor nodes. Therefore, the focus of this chapter is integration of cognitive radio sensor networks with cloud computing. In this chapter, the authors first provide background on cloud computing, cognitive radio networks, wireless sensor networks, and cognitive radio sensor networks. This chapter also describes benefits of this integration to both cognitive radio sensor networks and cloud computing, followed by advantages of using cloud computing in cognitive radio sensor networks. Furthermore, it provides applications of cloud-based cognitive radio sensor networks. In the end, the authors provide some issues, challenges, and future directions for such integration.
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Gupta, Nitin, Sanjay Kumar Dhurandher, and Bhoopendra Kumar. "Cognitive Radio Networks." In Advances in Wireless Technologies and Telecommunication, 491–518. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7335-7.ch021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The radio spectrum is witnessing a major paradigm shift from fixed spectrum assignment policy to the dynamic spectrum access, which will completely change the way radio spectrum is managed. This step is required to greatly reduce the load on limited spectrum resources, which is being enforced by the exponential growth of wireless services. This is only feasible due to the capabilities of the cognitive radio, which will provide a new paradigm in wireless communication by exploiting the existing unused spectrum bands opportunistically. The chapter provides insight into recent developments in the area of cognitive radio networks with the main focus on review of the spectrum management, which consists of four main challenges: sensing of selected spectrum band, decision about sensed spectrum, sharing of spectrum among many users, and spectrum handoff. Further, sharing of target channel after a channel handoff is analyzed using game theory to get a different perspective on the existing medium access techniques.
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Chen, Ouhao, and Slava Kalyuga. "Cognitive Load Theory, Spacing Effect, and Working Memory Resources Depletion." In Form, Function, and Style in Instructional Design, 1–26. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9833-6.ch001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In classroom, student learning is affected by multiple factors that influence information processing. Working memory with its limited capacity and duration plays a key role in learner ability to process information and, therefore, is critical for student performance. Cognitive load theory, based on human cognitive architecture, focuses on the instructional implications of relations between working memory and learner knowledge base in long-term memory. The ultimate goal of this theory is to generate effective instructional methods that allow managing students' working memory load to optimize their learning, indicating the relations between the form of instructional design and the function of instructional design. This chapter considers recent additions to the theory based on working memory resources depletion that occurs after exerting significant cognitive effort and reverses after a rest period. The discussed implications for instructional design include optimal sequencing of learning and assessment tasks using spaced and massed practice tasks, immediate and delayed tests.
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Tanton, Tobias. "Cognition Beyond the Brain." In Corporeal Theology, 127—C5.P65. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192884589.003.0006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This chapter details and evaluates of the ‘replacement’ and ‘constitution’ hypotheses, the two remaining hypotheses of embodied cognition which were introduced in Chapter 2. The replacement hypothesis seeks to explain cognitive processes by replacing internal mental representations with sensorimotor engagement with the world. It elegantly describes how internal mental models are not required for outfielders catching a ball or robots navigating a maze. However, certain ‘representation-hungry’ cognitive tasks reason about objects not immediately available to perception and are therefore less amenable to replacement-style explanations. The significance of sensorimotor engagement with the environment leads to the constitution hypothesis, which suggests that cognitive processes extend beyond the brain, and are co-constituted by bodily states and environmental resources. However, significant disagreement persists concerning the criteria by which to circumscribe cognition, and some argue that few if any cognitive tasks are implemented on extra-cranial physical media. Even if strong versions of the replacement and constitution hypotheses are limited in scope, weak versions nevertheless draw attention to the way in which a multitude of cognitive tasks are ‘scaffolded’ by environmental resources. In following chapters these views of cognition will be applied to analyse embodied religious practices.
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Stojanovic, Aleksandar, and Ana Starcevic. "Quantum Cognition and Its Influence on Decrease of Global Stress Level Related With Job Improvement Strategies." In Advances in Psychology, Mental Health, and Behavioral Studies, 155–67. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7513-9.ch008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The quantum mind or quantum consciousness group of hypotheses propose that classical mechanics cannot explain consciousness. Quantum theory is used to insert models of cognition that target to be more innovative than models based on traditional classical probability theory, which includes cognitive modeling phenomena in science. At the moment we can say that there is no clearly defined neurophysiological mechanisms of creation of the quantum-like representation of information in the brain, but we can mention the hypothesis of matching the information processing in the brain with quantum information and probability with contextuality as the key word. Using limited cognitive resources, incompatibility provides humans the means for answering an unlimited number of questions, thus promoting parsimony and cognitive economy.
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Stojanovic, Aleksandar, and Ana Starcevic. "Quantum Cognition and Its Influence on Decrease of Global Stress Level Related With Job Improvement Strategies." In Research Anthology on Advancements in Quantum Technology, 378–86. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8593-1.ch017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The quantum mind or quantum consciousness group of hypotheses propose that classical mechanics cannot explain consciousness. Quantum theory is used to insert models of cognition that target to be more innovative than models based on traditional classical probability theory, which includes cognitive modeling phenomena in science. At the moment we can say that there is no clearly defined neurophysiological mechanisms of creation of the quantum-like representation of information in the brain, but we can mention the hypothesis of matching the information processing in the brain with quantum information and probability with contextuality as the key word. Using limited cognitive resources, incompatibility provides humans the means for answering an unlimited number of questions, thus promoting parsimony and cognitive economy.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Cognitive limited resources"
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Sun, Ganyun, Shengji Yao, and Juan A. Carretero. "Evaluating Cognitive Efficiency by Measuring Information Contained in Designers’ Cognitive Processes." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-13628.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cognitive efficiency describes how individuals optimize limited mental resources to achieve improvements in learning and problem-solving. Research on expert performance and expertise has shown that expert designers structure the organization of cognitive actions more efficiently than novices. However, cognitive efficiency in engineering design processes has not been well studied because of technical limitations at the neurological level and lack of quantitative methods for analyzing information contained in designers’ cognitive processes at the performance level. The purpose of this study is to introduce Kolmogorov complexity to measure information contained in the changes of sketches generated by designers. The Kolmogorov complexity of each design move is calculated by the number of cognitive actions and transitions between different levels of information processing. In this study, sketches and verbal protocols generated by 15 participants were analyzed. Cognitive efficiency was determined by the quality of design outcomes and the expenditure of mental effort. The results indicate that Kolmogorov complexity is negatively related to cognitive efficiency; the higher the Kolmogorov complexity, the lower the cognitive efficiency.
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Hayhoe, Mary M., Dana H. Ballard, Steven D. Whitehead, and Jeff B. Pelz. "Memory use during hand-eye coordination." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1993.wj.4.
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Ballard, Dana H., and Mary M. Hayhoe. "Embodiment models of visual cognition." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1993.wj.2.
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Westmoreland, Sophoria, and Linda C. Schmidt. "What Engineering Designers Leave Behind: Developing a Cognitive Coding Scheme for Student Design Journals." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-38997.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Some historically successful engineering inventions have been designed by trial and error as was the famous case of Thomas Edison’s light bulb. No contemporary design researcher would advocate a tedious, trial-and-error methodology as the basis for engineering practice. The 21st century engineer is expected to create innovative solutions to real world problems with limited resources and limited time. Successful engineering design methods are those that substitute trial-and-error with practice-based guidance (e.g., TRIZ), mathematical analysis (e.g., optimization), general problem-solving strategies (e.g., functional decomposition and synthesis), or good cognitive thinking strategies (e.g., Synectics). This research is placed in the last category, studying the cognitive processes that can be observed in recorded work of engineering designers. This study is the first step in research intended to go further into the designers mind and reveal new insights about the design process. This paper presents a cognitive coding scheme model to organize and categorize designer “thinking” as recorded in design documentation. The product of this research can be used to instruct curriculum on teaching the design process for students and professional engineers.
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Ji, Xi, Quan Liu, Wenjun Xu, and Duzhong Zhang. "Complexity Optimization for Cooperative Sensing Using Coalition Games." In ASME 2014 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME 2014 International Conference on Materials and Processing and the 42nd North American Manufacturing Research Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2014-4078.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cognitive radio is a far effective method to solve the problem of limited spectrum resources in the wireless communication in cloud manufacturing, involved in kinds of networks. Cooperative spectrum sensing, as a research hotspot in cognitive radio, can improve the sensing quality in cognitive radio networks, but it will also bring in extra cost when forming coalitions and conduct cooperative spectrum sensing. Although CSS based on coalition formation games can significantly conquer this problem by improving the sensing quality and at the same time reducing extra cost, it is much too complex with many nodes. In this paper, we analyze the complexity of the proposed coalition formation (CF) algorithm, and then present an enhanced Selecting SUs and Coalition Formation (SSCF) algorithm where coalition formation and cooperative spectrum sensing is carried out with SUs selected before. In addition, it is shown that SSCF can lower the complexity of CF by reducing the number of nodes for coalition formation while hardly bringing down the sensing quality of CF with at most 0.5% decrease of utility in common case and at average 3% increase of that.
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Christie, Thomas, and Paul Schrater. "Signal power as the limited resource of working memory." In 2018 Conference on Cognitive Computational Neuroscience. Brentwood, Tennessee, USA: Cognitive Computational Neuroscience, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32470/ccn.2018.1250-0.
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Sanaei, Roozbeh, Wei Lu, Luciënne T. M. Blessing, Kevin N. Otto, and Kristin L. Wood. "Analogy Retrieval Through Textual Inference." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67943.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Analogy-making has been deemed one of the core cognitive mechanisms which play a role in human creative thinking activities such as design and art. Designers can make use of analogies in various stages of design including ideation, planning and evaluation. However, human analogy-making is limited by experience and reliance of human memory on superficial attributes rather than relational or causal structure during analogy retrieval. In this regard, different design-by-analogy tools have been developed to assist designers in analogical reasoning. Analogical reasoning tools can be viewed as either based on hand-coded structured knowledge or natural-language-based design-by-analogy tools. The former are naturally limited in extent and scope to that which was hand coded [1]. Alternatively, natural language analogical reasoning can leverage the abundantly available textual resources. Current text-based analogy research for design have relied on analogies between individual word meanings. This leaves open consideration of the relational structure of the language where the relational similarity of texts can indicate a significant analogy. In this article, we develop four computational models of analogy that capture relational structure of the text. This includes spatial representation of semantics, multi-level deep neural reasoning, graph matching based model and transformation-based model. The models are then combined together into an ensemble model to achieve acceptable level of analogical accuracy for the end-user. The underlying design-related knowledge upon which analogies were drawn includes engineering ontologies, function hierarchy and raw patent texts. Instantiating this analogical reasoning model in design concept analogy retrieval system, we show this approach can help retrieve meaningful analogies from the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) patent repository. We demonstrate this for a particular design problem.
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Soluk, Patricia, James Greenwood-Lee, Julie Peschke, Angela Beltaos, Vive Kumar, Ken Munyikwa, Shauna Babiuk, and Shauna Rechseidler-Zenteno. "Building Educational Resilience in Mathematics Delivery and Assessment." In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.616.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mathematics is a foundational subject in education. Learning outcomes in mathematics build on previous competencies and students are well-served by real-time intervention and feedback. However, contemporary math education is limited by technology, scalable learning, shareable experiences (both teaching and learning), and accessible modes of practice. Most assessment platforms do not have the functionality to support symbols and equations. During the pandemic we have diverted assessments in high enrolment mathematics courses from paper to electronic delivery. We developed randomized examinations for Introductory Statistics and Introduction to Calculus I and we developed an entire course with assessment using OERs (open educational resources) for Business Mathematics. Our team developed highly interactive, traceable, and intervenable content in math problem solving using the Möbius (https://digitaled.com/mobius) platform. We enabled an LTI integration of the platform into our LMS (learning management system) to provide seamless access for students. Möbius promotes cognitive learning through a powerful math engine, student feedback, analytics, and interactive STEM (science, technology, engineering, math) curriculum content. We are serving 3,000 learners with effective assessment and have relieved faculty and staff of administering and marking alternative examinations through a long pandemic. We have seen improvements in student feedback, increased accessibility, reduced administrative burden, and enhanced exam security. Möbius is a truly scalable and cost-effective platform for math educators and students that provides more efficient and effective management of educational delivery.
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Taha, Siba, and Alhan Ibrahim. "The role of urban legislation in improving the mental images of the city (Erbil city as case study)." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARCHITECTURAL AND CIVIL ENGINEERING 2020. Cihan University-Erbil, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/aces2020/paper.243.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The laws and legislations are the basic tools that affect the performance, accomplishment, and continuity of the developmental objectives of the organizational plans. The rules and standards regulate the resources of urbanization as a material product, in addition, to achieve a kind of harmony and regularity in the urban land scene of the city and provide more space for the cognitive and visual aspect of the recipient who he has mental images of the urban scene through which can select the shape and features of urban identity. It illustrated by the introduction of Iraqi legislation that suffers from multiple problems, evidenced by the lack of legislation in the control of urban growth, and investigating the requirements of visual sustainability not only limited to functional, economic and social aspects. It is an integrated system works to create a sustainable urban environment. Hence, the importance of the development of Iraqi urban legislation representing by preparing the urban area in a new framework, through the control and treatment of its physical components by linking them to cultural, historical and civilizational elements within an appropriate environmental framework. The paper reviewing the urban laws in Erbil city within the previous periods of time as well as the various urban policies used in the city center, to benefit from the knowledge and evaluation of problems, and identify the legislative directions that can be adopted as suggestions for the development of urban legislation within the criteria, take the factors: social, cultural, functional, environmental and aesthetic, at the level of legislation.
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Fei, Dingzhou. "Revisiting the correlation between video game activity and working memory: evidence from machine learning." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002083.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the popularity of video games, more and more researchers are trying to understand the relationship between video game activity and cognitive abilities, and one of the important cognitive systems is working memory. Working memory is a limited capacity short-term memory system for processing currently active information and is an important predictor of goal-driven behavioral domains. Its scope of action includes, but is not limited to, fluid intelligence, verbal ability, and mathematical analysis.Due to the importance of working memory for the analysis of human behavior, numerous studies have attempted to describe the architecture and models of working memory. In general, models of working memory can be loosely categorized into content and process models, depending on their focus. The content model focuses on the static material of working memory, which includes mainly verbal and spatial visual material. The process model focuses on the dynamic processes of working memory and includes both Updating and Maintenance of memory.However, this area of research has also been the subject of debate among researchers.Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version). These disputes involve two main assumptions. According to the so-called core training hypothesis, a potential machine for improving cognitive ability through video games is provided by the so-called core training hypothesis. According to this hypothesis, repeated stress on the cognitive system will induce plastic changes in its neural matrix, leading to improved cognitive response performance. According to this hypothesis, repeated strains of the cognitive system can induce plastic changes in its neural matrix, which is an important reason for the improvement of performance. The other proposed basic mechanism is the meta-learning mechanism, that is, learning how to learn. According to this, video games (especially action games) can improve related motor control skills, such as rule learning, cognitive resource allocation, and probabilistic reasoning skills, which are used in many different situations.A recent study showed that the analysis of certain extreme groups showed that video game players performed better than non-game players in all three WM measurements, and that when extended to the entire sample, video game time and visual space WM and n-back performance. In general, the relationship between cognition and playing video games is very weak.This study used the Waris et al, 2019 dataset to re-investigate the correlation between video game activity and three different dimensions of working memory using seven different supervising learning models. It was concluded that video game activity was most highly correlated with the visuospatial component, slightly less correlated with the mnemonic updating component, and least correlated with the verbal component. This partly confirms Waris et al, 2019's view that the analytic method may be the key to the study.
Звіти організацій з теми "Cognitive limited resources"
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Harris, Gregory, Brooke Hatchell, Davelin Woodard, and Dwayne Accardo. Intraoperative Dexmedetomidine for Reduction of Postoperative Delirium in the Elderly: A Scoping Review. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2021.0010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background/Purpose: Post-operative delirium leads to significant morbidity in elderly patients, yet there is no regimen to prevent POD. Opioid use in the elderly surgical population is of the most significant risk factors for developing POD. The purpose of this scoping review is to recognize that Dexmedetomidine mitigates cognitive dysfunction secondary to acute pain and the use of narcotic analgesia by decreasing the amount of norepinephrine (an excitatory neurotransmitter) released during times of stress. This mechanism of action also provides analgesia through decreased perception and modulation of pain. Methods: The authors developed eligibility criteria for inclusion of articles and performed a systematic search of several databases. Each of the authors initially selected five articles for inclusion in the scoping review. We created annotated literature tables for easy screening by co-authors. After reviewing the annotated literature table four articles were excluded, leaving 11 articles for inclusion in the scoping review. There were six level I meta-analysis/systematic reviews, four level II randomized clinical trials, and one level IV qualitative research article. Next, we created a data-charting form on Microsoft Word for extraction of data items and synthesis of results. Results: Two of the studies found no significant difference in POD between dexmedetomidine groups and control groups. The nine remaining studies noted decreases in the rate, duration, and risk of POD in the groups receiving dexmedetomidine either intraoperatively or postoperatively. Multiple studies found secondary benefits in addition to decreased POD, such as a reduction of tachycardia, hypertension, stroke, hypoxemia, and narcotic use. One study, however, found that the incidence of hypotension and bradycardia were increased among the elderly population. Implications for Nursing Practice: Surgery is a tremendous stressor in any age group, but especially the elderly population. It has been shown postoperative delirium occurs in 17-61% of major surgery procedures with 30-40% of the cases assumed to be preventable. Opioid administration in the elderly surgical population is one of the most significant risk factors for developing POD. With anesthesia practice already leaning towards opioid-free and opioid-limited anesthetic, the incorporation of dexmedetomidine could prove to be a valuable resource in both reducing opioid use and POD in the elderly surgical population. Although more research is needed, the current evidence is promising.
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Bizer, Kilian, and Martin Führ. Responsive Regulierung für den homo oeconomicus institutionalis – Ökonomische Verhaltenstheorie in der Verhältnismäßigkeitsprüfung. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.393379529x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The starting point of the research project was the hypothesis that the "principle of proportionality", which is fundamental to law, is related to the "economic principle". The resulting methodological similarities were intended to enable a cross-disciplinary bridge to be built, which would allow the findings of economic analysis to be made fruitful for legal issues. This was practically tested in three study areas in order to be able to better classify the performance of the analytical tools. The foundations for interdisciplinary bridge building are found in the rational-choice paradigm. In both disciplines, this paradigm calls for an examination of the relationship between the purpose-means-relations: among the design options under consideration, the one must be selected that is expected to be as (freedom- or resource-) sparing as possible, in other words, the most "waste-free" solution to the control problem.The results of the economic analysis can thus be "translated" in such a way that, within the framework of "necessity", they support the search for control instruments that are equivalent to the objective but less disruptive. supports. The core of the positive economic analysis is the motivational situation of those actors whose behavior is to be influenced by a changed legal framework. In this context, the classical behavioral model of economics proved to be too limited. It therefore had to be developed further in line with the findings of research in institutional economics into homo oeconomicus institutionalis. This behavioral model takes into account not only the consequentialist, strictly situational utility orientation of the model person, but also other factors influencing behavior, including above all those that are institutionally mediated. If one takes the motivational situation of the actors as the starting point for policy-advising design recommendations, it becomes apparent that an understanding of governance dominated by imperative behavioral specifications leads to less favorable results, both in terms of the degree to which goals are achieved and in terms of the freedom-impairing effects, than a mixed-instrument approach oriented toward the model of "responsive regulation." According to this model, the law can no longer simply assume that those subject to the law will "obediently" execute the legal commands. It must ask itself what other factors determine behavior and under what boundary conditions changes can be expected in the direction of the desired behavior. For this reason, too, it must engage with the cognitive program of the behavioral sciences. This linkage opens up new perspectives for interdisciplinary research on the consequences of laws.