Статті в журналах: "Coal Sulfur content Australia"

1

Ge, Tao. "A Research into the Distribution Characteristics & Natural Existing Condition of the Mercury in the Coal of Huainan City." Advanced Materials Research 599 (November 2012): 448–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.599.448.

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The mercury content in the raw coal is one of the important basic data to estimate the mercury emission of the coal. The outcome of the test and analysis of the mercury content in the raw coal of the 9 mines in Huainan Coalfield has shown that the mercury content in the coal samples of Huainan, although higher than that in the coal of the United States，Russia，Germany，Australia，etc., is within the normal range, with no major differences from that of the coal in North China region. With a research into the content change of the mercury in the coal in the process of washing and in combination with the relevant analysis result of the relation between the mercury in the coal and sulfur, ash content, selenium, we have inferred that the mercury in the coal of Huainan is existing naturally in the minerals, but has come into combination with organic matter in some way or scattered in the organic groups in the form of particles.

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2

Moyo, Annah, Juarez R. do Amaral Filho, Susan T.L. Harrison, and Jennifer L. Broadhurst. "Implications of Sulfur Speciation on the Assessment of Acid Rock Drainage Generating Potential: A Study of South African Coal Processing Wastes." Minerals 9, no. 12 (December 12, 2019): 776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9120776.

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The presence of sulfur in coal processing wastes can lead to environmental impacts, such as acid rock drainage (ARD). However, not all sulfur species are acid-forming, and the implications of sulfur speciation when assessing acid rock drainage potential by means of static chemical tests are not well understood. This study set out to evaluate the implications of different sulfur forms on the assessment of acid rock drainage potential using static laboratory-scale tests and to investigate the reliability of methods for the analysis of such forms for the case of three South African coal processing wastes. Both the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 157:1996 and Australian Coal Association Research Program (ACARP) C15034 protocols were found to be suitable tools for analyzing the different forms of sulfur. Acid-generating sulfur forms constituted between 53% and 64% of the total sulfur in the wastes evaluated, with the maximum potential acidity (MPA) and net acid-producing potential (NAPP) values calculated on the basis of acid-forming sulfur being significantly lower than those calculated on the basis of total sulfur content. Results also showed that the partial conversion of sulfur species under the relatively aggressive conditions of the acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC) and net acid generation (NAG) tests may overestimate the potential acid generating potential in the case of coal. These findings highlight the uncertainties associated with standard ARD static tests and the importance of taking sulfur speciation into account when calculating the MPA for coal processing wastes.

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3

Lambourne, LJ, and IM Wood. "Nutritional quality of grain of Australian cultivars of lablab bead (Lablab purpureus)." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 1 (1985): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850169.

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Nutritional studies using rats have shown that the grains of Rongai and Highworth, the current commercial cultivars of lablab bean in Australia, and of CPI41222, a white-seeded accession, have low nutritive value. Diets containing raw beans of the three accessions at levels up to 12% crude protein led to severe weight losses of up to 0.89 g/day compared with weight gains of up to 2.8 g/day with autoclaved soybean meal. Autoclaving for 20 min or boiling the grain improved growth rates only marginally. Increasing the period of autoclaving reduced the feeding value; extraction of the grain with saline solution or treatment with formaldehyde failed to improve it. These results are consistent with previous reports of the presence in lablab beans of a heat-labile phytohaemagglutinin. Blood haemoglobin levels were signifycantly depressed on diets which contained Highworth beans. The proteins of all accessions contained low levels of the sulfur-containing amino acids; a deficiency of methionine was confirmed by feeding trials. The level of histidine in the lablab protein was about 50% higher than in soybean and, in supplementation trials, additions of histidine reduced growth rates. In two feeding trials, there were good correlations (R2=0.85 and 0.92) between weight gains and digestible dry matter intake, indicating that the differences in growth rates were primarily the result of differences in intake. Intakes of digestible dry matter and digestible crude protein and the digestibilities of dry matter and crude protein were all significantly lower with Rongai than with the other two accessions. These differences do not appear to be associated with the quality of the protein as shown by amino acid analyses or by the responses to supplementation with essential amino acids. They also do not appear to be associated with seed coat colour, seed size or crude protein content of the grain.

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4

Pak, Yu N., M. V. Ponomaryova, and D. Yu Pak. "Monitoring the sulfur content of coal." Coke and Chemistry 59, no. 1 (January 2016): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068364x16010051.

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5

Sun, Hui, Hong Bo Xia, Qun Yang, Shuai Du, Dan Dan Song, and Hai Zhou Chang. "Investigation of Sulfur Transformation during Coking Process." Advanced Materials Research 881-883 (January 2014): 228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.881-883.228.

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Twenty-four kinds of coking coals which have different ranks are selected to investigate the sulfur transformation during coking process. The form sulfur in coals and cokes are determined by wet chemical method. The results show that the conversion of total sulfur during coal coking process is influenced by volatile content of coal and the content of the inertinite. The conversion of total sulfur is high for the large volatile content in coal. There is some linear correlation between the average conversion of total sulfur and the average inertinite content, this paper presents that the average conversion of total sulfur is high for the low average inertinite content. We also foud that coke sulfur depends primarily on the amount of coal sulfur, and the transformed capability of sulfide sulfur is stronger than that of the organic sulfur conversion for coal during coking process.

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6

Gao, Fei, Zhe Jia, Ji Xia, Dapeng Wang, Yulong Yang, Yafei Shan, and Jiaqi Shen. "Study on H2S Occurrence in Low Sulfur Coal Seams." Adsorption Science & Technology 2022 (December 21, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5455101.

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Coal samples from the Shanxi Shaping coal mine were selected to investigate the occurrence of H2S in low sulfur coal seams. The adsorption mechanism of coal to H2S was explored, and an occurrence equation for H2S in coal seams was fitted through adsorption experiment results. The results showed that under ambient temperature and pressure conditions, the H2S adsorbed by coal reached equilibrium within 24 h. The increase in H2S concentrations and the moisture content of coal samples resulted in an increase in the adsorption capacity of H2S. Chemical adsorption of H2S by the coal also occurred. The total sulfur content in the coal increased, and water promoted the conversion from H2S to sulfur in coal. After adsorption, most of the H2S remains in the coal structure in the form of inorganic sulfur, such as sulfur hydride, iron sulfide sulfur, and monomeric sulfur, and a small proportion of H2S is bonded in the structure of the coal in the form of organic sulfur such as thiophene, C-S-C, and C-SH. Therefore, the higher the total sulfur content in coal, the greater the occurrence of H2S. The total amount of H2S increased exponentially with the concentration of free H2S and the moisture content of coal at equilibrium. This meant that the total amount of H2S in the coal seam could be estimated by fitting an equation according to the concentration of free H2S and the moisture content of coal seams. The concentration of free H2S decreased linearly with the increase in moisture content of the coal, therefore, the concentration of H2S in space could be reduced by injecting water into coal seams.

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7

Liu, Qian Yan, Yi Ran Zhang, Li Li Zhao, Yu Yu Yan, Qi Fen Li, Jiang Wu, Jian Xing Ren, Shuai Zheng, Yun Si Li, and Ru Xin Zhang. "Research on the Correlation between Mercury and Sulfur Content in Coals." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 526–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.526.

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To reduce mercury emission in the flue gas at coal-fired power plant, it is very important and meaningful to research the mercury content and the existing status of other elements in coal. In this paper, mercury and sulfur content including their relevant relations of existing speciations from five coal samples were studied. Experimental method was based on U.S. EPA Method 7471 and experimental apparatus was automatic mercury analysis system Hydra AA. The results showed that in these 5 coal samples, the range of mercury content was from 0.284μg/g to 0.663μg/g and the average content was 0.401μg/g. The range of sulfur content was from 0.688% to 5.546% and the average content was 2.30% . The existing status of mercury and sulfur in coal was very complex. Under normal circumstances, when there was high sulfur content in coal, there was also high mercury content. However, the low sulfur coal may be of high mercury content.

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8

Chernyavskyy, M. V., A. M. Voronov, O. V. Moiseienko, S. H. Duliienko, and T. M. Monastyriova. "Predicting changes in the sulfur content during steam coal preparation and the level of sulfur dioxide emissions when its combustion." Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no. 2 (2021): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2021-2/032.

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Purpose. Development of a method and forecast estimation of sulfur dioxide emission reduction during combustion of steam coal by regulating its quality during coal preparation. Methodology. Study on sulfur content in coal using sieve, fractional analysis, analysis of ash and total sulfur content. Forecasting of sulfur content in concentrate according to the developed calculation method. Production tests at the coal preparation plant. Forecasting of the level of SO2 emissions during pulverized coal combustion according to the developed calculation method. Findings. The distribution of sulfur content of Ukrainian steam bituminous coal by size classes depending on ash content is investigated; the proximity of sulfur content to the linear dependance on the ash content of the run-of-mine coal, rock-free substance, rock and concentrate is proved. The calculations of the level of SO2 emissions during pulverized combustion of coal and its cleaned products taking into account their elemental composition is performed, and the linear dependence of the level of SO2 emissions on the total sulfur content to lower heating value (LHV) ratio is proved. Based on the obtained results, methods are developed for determining the expected sulfur content in the concentrate and the forecasted level of SO2 emissions during its combustion; the optimal depth of preparation for the coal from various mines is determined by the criterion of compliance of the SO2 emission level with the current environmental standards. Originality. Proximity of the sulfur content to the linear dependence on the ash content of the run-of-mine coal, rock-free substance, rock and concentrate is proved. The linear dependence of the level of SO2 emissions on the ratio of the total sulfur content to LHV during pulverized combustion of coal and its clean products is proved. Practical value. A method has been developed for determining the expected sulfur content in the products of coal preparation by jigging, taking into account the allowable content of the high-density fraction in the concentrate and adding dense slimes to the coal preparation products. A method has been developed for determining the predicted level of SO2 emissions during their combustion. The optimal depth of the coal preparation for coal from various mines has been determined by the criterion of compliance of the level of SO2 emissions with the current environmental standards.

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9

Yuniar, Silky Amanda, Edy Nursanto, and Rika Ernawati. "POST-COMBUSTION COAL DESULFURIZATION Review." Eksergi 17, no. 2 (December 11, 2020): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31315/e.v17i2.3828.

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The sulfur content in coal ranges from 0.5 to 5%, and it is an impurity that must be removed before burning coal, due to the toxic effects and acid rain caused by SO2 gas generated from sulfur oxidation. Sulfur cleaning technology can be carried out on coal before combustion (pre-combustion), and can reduce the inorganic sulfur content by up to 50%; however, it cannot reduce the organic sulfur content. Therefore, the industry relies on post-combustion desulfurization to remove SO2 from the gas from coal combustion. The aim of the coal desulfurization review is to direct desulfurization research to be efficient and effective, as well as to be environmentally friendly. Sulfur in coal consists of organic sulfur and inorganic sulfur. Coal inorganic sulfur consists of pyrite (FeS2), sulfate, and sulfide. The largest composition is pyrite. Organic sulfur consists of hetero-atomic and heterocyclic (thiophenic) macromolecules that bind N and O atoms, aromatic sulfides, and aromatic disulfides (small amounts). Inorganic sulfur can easily be separated from coal by means of flotation, microwave energy, magnetic forces, ultrasonic energy, and as well as microorganisms. Meanwhile, organic sulfur cannot be separated from coal by using the methods used in the inorganic sulfur separation process. Organic sulfur can be removed by chemical and biodesulfurization, however, this process is inefficient for industrial scale. The most recommended method is the absorption of SO2 gas in the gas from coal combustion, or post-combustion desulfurization. Various methods have also been investigated to separate SO2 gas, and more details will be described in this paper.

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10

Xia, W., W. He, and J. Sokolović. "Effect of pyrolysis temperature on desulfurization performance of high organic sulfur low rank coal." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy A: Mining 57, no. 1 (2021): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jmma2101027x.

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The sulfur in coal not only influences the coke quality but also pollutes the environment during the combustion. The desulfurization of high organic sulfur coal is a key issue in coal cleaning science. As the pyrolysis has been used in low-rank coal conversion to obtain gas/liquid products and coal char, the desulfurization effects of pyrolysis on the low-rank coal with high organic sulfur requires further studies. This study investigated the desulfurization performance of high organic sulfur low-rank coal by the pyrolysis and the changes in the coal calorific value and sulfur forms during the pyrolysis. The XPS was applied to analyze the changing regulation of sulfur that forms on coal surface. The results indicated certain amount of FeS was newly created during the pyrolysis and high amounts of sulfate sulfur was transferred to pyrite sulfur and formed more FeS2 when compared to the distribution of raw coal. The total sulfur content of coal was reduced from 2.32% for raw coal to 1.68% for 700 °C pyrolysis coal and then the pyrolysis temperature had little effect on the sulfur content. The net calorific value (at constant volume and air-dry basis) was increased from 17.38 kJ for raw coal to 24.35 kJ for 700 °C pyrolysis coal. The pyrolysis temperature of 700 °C may be the best pyrolysis temperature for both low sulfur content and high calorific value.

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11

Wiranata, Beny, Hendra Amijaya, Ferian Anggara, Agung Rizki Perdana, Oyinta Fatma Isnadiyati, and Deddy Nan Setya Putra Tanggara. "Total Sulfur and Ash Yield of Tanjung Formation Coal in Sekako, Barito Basin, Central Kalimantan: Implication of Depositional Process." Journal of Applied Geology 4, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jag.53208.

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Tanjung Formation is one of the major coal-bearing deposit in the Barito Basin, Central Kalimantan. The distribution of total sulfur and ash yield in coal is closely related to the depositional environment. This study was to determine the total sulfur and ash yield and the interpretation of the dynamics of depositional process. Coal seam A and B generally have low to medium ash yield 2.82 to 9.23 (wt.%, db) and low total sulfur content of <1 (wt.%, db), except for the 6PLY1 coal sample which has total sulfur content that relatively high at 1.55 (wt.%, db). Coal samples 5PLY1A, 5PLY1B, 5PLY3, 5PLY5, 6PLY2, 6PLY4, 6PLY5, 6PLY7, and 6PLY9 which have low to medium ash yield and low total sulfur content <1% (wt.%, db) are formed in the topogeneous mire (freshwater swamp) in a fluvial environment. The total sulfur content was interpreted to be derived mainly from the parent plant materials. Meanwhile, the 6PLY1 coal sample which has an ash yield of 5.83 (wt.%, db) and total sulfur content of 1.55 (wt.%, db) formed in topogeneous mire in an environment that is invaded by sea water, and the total sulfur content were interpreted coming from the parent plant materials and the effect of seawater invasion which is rich in sulfate (SO4) compounds. It is also supported by the occurrence of syngenetic mineral content (framboidal pyrite) and epigenetic pyrite of 1.23 (vol.%).

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12

Mursito, Anggoro Tri, Widodo, and Danang Nor Arifin. "Characterization of bio-coal briquettes blended from low quality coal and biomass waste treated by Garant® bio-activator and its application for fuel combustion." International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 7, no. 4 (April 9, 2020): 796–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40789-020-00309-0.

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AbstractExperimental research was carried out on the manufacturing of bio-coal briquettes from a blend of two different types of low-quality coal and biomass waste in the absence of coal carbonization, where the third blend of the material was fermented by adding a bio-activator solution before pressurizing the components into briquettes. The coal samples from Caringin–Garut Regency (BB–Garut) had a low calorific value and a high sulfur content (6.57 wt%), whereas the coal samples from Bayah–Lebak Regency (BB–Bayah) had a higher calorific value and a lower sulfur content (0.51 wt%). The biomass added to the coal blend is in the form of fermented cow dung (Bio–Kohe), and it had a calorific value of 4192 kcal/kg and a total sulfur content of 1.56 wt%. The main objective of this study is to determine the total decrease in the sulfur content in a blend of coal and biomass in which a fermentation process was carried out using a bio-activator for 24 h. The used bio-activator was made from Garant® (1:40) + molasses 1 wt%/vol, and its used amount was 0.2 L/kg. Also, the total sulfur content in the blend was 1.00 wt%–1.14 wt%, which fulfills the necessary quality requirements for non-carbonized bio-coal briquettes. The pyritic and sulfate content in the raw coal was dominant, and the organic sulfur, when fermented with Garant®, was found to be less in the produced bio-coal briquettes by 38%–58%.

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13

Xu, Bo Hui, Shu Li Ding, and Dong Wang. "The Distribution Characteristics of Total Sulfur Content of Coals Formatting in Different Geological Age, Guangxi Province, China." Advanced Materials Research 788 (September 2013): 486–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.788.486.

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The era distribution characteristics of total sulfur content of coals formatting in Early Carboniferous, Later Permian, Early Jurassic and Cenozoic in Guangxi,China, were studied by basing the statistics and analysis of total sulfur content of 19 important coals producing area including 173 exploration area and mining area. The results show that the coals of Early Carboniferous are mainly high sulfur coal and sub-high sulfur coal and the total sulfur content is high around the centered area around Liucheng Guilin - Xinan area and gradually decrease along south and north sides. The sulfur content of Late Permian coals are very high and reach to 5%-8% in some area and there is great difference among sulfur content in different area. The sulfur in Early Jurassic coals have great difference in distribution and are up to 10% in Northeast Guangxi area but less than 0.5% in Southeast Guangxi area. The coals of Cenozoic are low sulfur coal in common.

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14

Gao, Fei, Zhe Jia, Mei-ling Qin, Xiao-gang Mu, Yi-fei Teng, Ying-di Li, and Qi-hui Bai. "Effects of organic sulfur on oxidation spontaneous combustion characteristics of coking coal." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 40, no. 1 (October 5, 2021): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01445987211049045.

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Research on the spontaneous combustion of coal caused by sulfur has always been focused on pyrite in coal but has rarely considered the influence of organic sulfur. In this paper, coal samples, rather than model compounds, were used to study the influence of organic sulfur content in coal on its spontaneous combustion process. The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and mass spectrometry indicate that organic sulfur in Shuiyu clean coal exists in forms of mercaptan, thioether, sulfone (sulfoxide), and thiophene. With the decrease of organic sulfur content, the characteristic temperature points and the peak values of the exothermic curves in the process of coal oxidation spontaneous combustion all shifted toward higher temperatures. The ignition activation energy of coal also increased, and the initial and peak gas evolution temperatures of the oxidation products shifted toward higher temperatures. These findings suggest that the reduction of organic sulfur content can inhibit the oxidation process and spontaneous combustion tendency of coal. This effectively reveals the mechanism of the spontaneous combustion of coal and is of great significance to future studies in this field.

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15

Liu, Chengyuan, and Qingyue Wang. "New Approach Study on Dry Coal Cleaning System with Two-Stage Corona Electrostatic Processes for High-Sulfur Low-Grade Fine Coals." Processes 9, no. 11 (October 27, 2021): 1915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9111915.

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Corona electrostatic separation can remove inorganic materials from coal, reduce coal ash content and sulfur content and improve coal quality, reduce air pollution caused by smoke dust, SOX, and COX. The performance of corona electrostatic separation technology in cleaning a middle ash medium-ash, high-sulfur coal was experimentally investigated. The electrode voltage, drum rotational speed, and feeding speed were tested, whereas other parameters were maintained constant during the experiment. The results indicate that the performance of this technology in cleaning medium-ash, high-sulfur coal can be improved by optimizing the process parameters. The results demonstrate that corona electrostatic separation is effective for the beneficiation of this grade coal. In addition, the efficiency of coal cleaning is significantly improved by adding the second stage beneficiation to clean the middlings out from the first stage beneficiation. In this study, the first stage of beneficiation recovered 38.00% (by weight) of clean coal (ash content below 20%), and the second stage recovered 48.58% (by weight) of clean coal, improving the overall separation efficiency from 0.69 to 1.74. Furthermore, the sulfur content was reduced from 4.71% (raw coal) to 3.53% (clean coal). Our result show that corona electrostatic separation can effectively reject inorganic sulfur from raw coal, and the two-stage separate is also very helpful for coal purification.

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Бутузова, Людмила Федорівна, Руслан Васильович Маковський, Григорій Григорович Клешня, Денис Юрійович Мілов, Юрій Степанович Кафтан, Оксана Миколаївна Турчаніна, and Генадій Миколайович Бутузов. "Coking coal mixture with high content of weakly coking and sulfur coal." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 1, no. 5(73) (February 26, 2015): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2015.37022.

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17

Yao, Hai-Fei. "Study on the Effect of Polysulfide Content on the Micromorphology and Spontaneous Combustion Characteristics of Coal." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (September 29, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7399808.

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This paper aimed to study the effect of the polysulfide content on the micromorphology and spontaneous combustion characteristics of coal, in order to develop more targeted prevention and treatment strategies. To this end, this study selected the method of mixing different sulfides with very low sulfur content raw coal to prepare the coal samples to be tested. Various parameters, such as true density, porosity, micromorphology, and oxygen uptake of the different sulfur samples, were tested. The results reveal that sulfide had a certain expansion effect on the coal body and improved the pore structure of coal, and the porosity increased with the increase of the sulfur content. After adding iron (II) disulfide (FeS2) and iron (II) sulfide (FeS) powder to the original coal sample, the number of fine particles on the surface increased significantly. After increasing the oxidation temperature, the lamellar structure disintegrated, and the massive coal body was broken into several fine particles, which promoted the spontaneous combustion of coal. Polysulfide promotes the low-temperature oxygen absorption of coal and shortens the natural firing period of coal. FeS has a slightly greater effect on increasing the tendency of coal to spontaneously combust and shortening the shortest natural firing period of coal. Before the addition of FeS2 and FeS to the coal samples, the coal production amount was not much different below 80–90°C, and then, the gap gradually widened. Under the same temperature condition of coal, carbon monoxide (CO) production basically occurred first as the sulfur content increased. When FeS2 and FeS were added, the sulfur content of the coal samples was 3 and 4%, respectively, and the production of CO and ethene (C2H4) was the largest. Although the peak areas of aliphatic hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbon, hydroxyl group, and carbonyl group in the coal samples with FeS were different, they all reached their maximum value when the sulfur content was 4%.

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18

Anggreini, Dian, Syamsul Bahtiar, Fauzi Widyawati, and Syamsul Hidayat. "ANALISIS HUBUNGAN KANDUNGAN TOTAL MOISTURE, TOTAL SULPHUR DAN ASH CONTENT TERHADAP GROSS CALORIFIC VALUE PADA BATUBARA." Jurnal TAMBORA 5, no. 3 (October 21, 2021): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.36761/jt.v5i3.1316.

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Most of the coal is used as fuel in power plants,cement industry and metal processing industry. Use of coal as fuelwill depend on the quality of the coal used. The main parameters thatdetermining the quality of coal is the calorific value. Meanwhile, the calorific value of a coalwill depend on several parameters, namely total moisture, total sulfur andash content. This study aims to determine the effect of the relationship betweenthe content of some of these parameters on the calorific value of a coal. Analysisperformed using the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).The stages of this analysis include sample preparation, air dry loss testing, residualmoisture, total sulfur, ash content and gross calorific value. The results of the analysis showthat the higher the total moisture content, total sulfur and ash content, the higher thecauses the lower the calorific value of a coal.

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Pratiwi, Tiara, Junaidi Junaidi, and Zulfikar Ali As. "Pengaruh Jarak Sumber Pencemar Terhadap Kada Sulfat (SO4) pada Debu Terendap di Sepanjang Jalan Angkut Batubara." JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN: Jurnal dan Aplikasi Teknik Kesehatan Lingkungan 14, no. 2 (July 1, 2017): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.31964/jkl.v14i2.74.

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Abstract: The Influence Of The Distance Of Pollutant Source On Sulfate (So4) Concentrations In The Dust Along The Coal Haul Road. One of the quality parameters of coal is Sulfur. Sulfur content in coal be able to reach 4%. Sulfur content in coal at South Kalimantan mine ranges from 0.08 – 1.58%. Sulfur can be in the form of pyrite as S2 and sulfate as SO4. Sulfur content in coal dust that floats in the air will fall along with rain. This study aims to determine the effect of distance to SO4 levels on dust along coal haul roads. The sampling point was taken from variation of distance that is 1 m, 50 m, 100 m, 150 m, and 200 m from the side of coal haul road. The results showed that the highest sulfate concentration was at 1 m distance from the side of the road, that was 37.865 mg/L, and the lowest was at 200 m distance from the side of the road, that was 3.405 mg/L. These sulfate concentrations were proportional to dust fall. The farther the sampling point, the sulfate content decreases. Keywords: Dust Fall; sulfate concentration; distance.

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20

Samet, Raushan, Azhar Zhubanova, Nuraly Akimbekov, Xiaohui Qiao, and Anel Kadyrzhanova. "Bioelimination of sulfur from high-sulfur coal by selected strains of microorganisms." E3S Web of Conferences 122 (2019): 05005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912205005.

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In this study, low-rank lignite coal sample collected from Lenger coal deposit (Turkestan province) in Kazakhstan was subjected to desulfurization by using three bacterial strains isolated from soil with silt and coal itself. The molecular identification of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that the isolated bacteria were Atlantibacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp. denoted as S1, S2, and T1, respectively. Pseudomonas sp. showed the best result in removing organic sulfur (93%) and total sulfur (52%), while Bacillus sp. was effective in removing pyritic sulfur (19%) compared to other strains. However, Atlantibacter sp. had no significant influence on sulfur content after treatment, thereby reducing its chances to be used in decreasing sulfur content in lignite in future investigations. Additionally, this research would be valuable to develop an innovative biotechnological method for producing an environmentally friendly briquetted smokeless fuel from lignite.

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21

Stevanovic, Dejan, Bozo Kolonja, Ranka Stankovic, Dinko Knezevic, and Mirjana Bankovic. "Application of stochastic models for mine planning and coal quality control." Thermal Science 18, no. 4 (2014): 1361–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci130201031s.

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The power plant owner is interested to know in advance the quality of coal to be burnt which should meet maximal efficiency of power plant and the environmental regulations. There is the need to control and to predict the quality of coal at the mine site to meet sulfur emission requirements. Coal quality control between the mine site and the utility plant is a complex problem owing to the variable nature of coal properties (heating value, sulfur, ash), even within the same coal seam. Due to the fluctuation of the coal quality, mine planning and coal homogenization are in fact an optimization problem under uncertain conditions. To deal with these issues a stochastic optimization model is developed for an illustrative coal homogenization problem. Mining block grades from an optimized mining schedule are used to simulate any given homogenization process in stockpiles throughout the mine`s life. Sulfur content is treated as lognormally distributed random variable. The objectives of the model include minimizing the expected sulfur content and standard deviation in sulfur content. The methodology was illustrated using the case study on Kolubara surface coal mine.

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22

Liu, Quan Run, Hao Xia, Guang Xu Huang, Chuan Xiang Zhang, Ming Jie Ma, and Can Wan. "Desulphurization of High Sulfur Coal by Mild Pyrolysis Combination with Magnetic Separation." Advanced Materials Research 455-456 (January 2012): 998–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.455-456.998.

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In this work, a new desulfurization process of high sulfur coal was designed and examined. The novel process involved pyrolysis of high sulfur coal at low temperature and then a dry magnetic separation. For testing the cleaning coal process, a Chinese high sulfur coal, Baisu coal was pyrolyzed in a fixed bed reactor from 400 to 700°C for 30min, and then separated by a dry magnetic separator. The results showed that under optimum conditions, a remarkable reduction of sulfur content in coal was achieved, and more importantly, almost all pyrite sulfur in coal was removed.

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Makarova, Veronika, Kseniya Dudareva, and Natal'ya Malyshkina. "POLLUTION OF THE ATMOSPHERE OF PRIANGARIA BY EMISSIONS OF CHPP-11 (USOLYE-SIBERIAN CITY)." Bulletin of the Angarsk State Technical University 1, no. 12 (December 18, 2018): 222–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.36629/2686-777x-2018-1-12-222-227.

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. The article deals with the problem of environmental pollution in the town of Usolye-Sibirskaya CHPP-11, which operates on the Zabituiskoye coal coals, which have an increased sulfur content (4,1%) and ash (23,0%). It is proposed to replace coal from the Zabituiskoye field with coal of the BZR grade of the Tulun section with reduced ash content, low sulfur content and good calorific value.

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Su, Yinjiao, Xuan Liu, Yang Teng, and Kai Zhang. "A Preliminary Study on Dependence of Mercury Distribution on the Degree of Coalification in Ningwu Coalfield, Shanxi, China." Energies 14, no. 11 (May 27, 2021): 3119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113119.

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Mercury (Hg) is a toxic trace element emitted from coal conversion and utilization. Samples with different coal ranks and gangue from Ningwu Coalfield are selected and investigated in this study. For understanding dependence of mercury distribution characteristics on coalification degree, Pearson regression analysis coupled with Spearman rank correlation is employed to explore the relationship between mercury and sulfur, mercury and ash in coal, and sequential chemical extraction method is adopted to recognize the Hg speciation in the samples of coal and gangue. The measured results show that Hg is positively related to total sulfur content in coal and the affinity of Hg to different sulfur forms varies with the coalification degree. Organic sulfur has the biggest impact on Hg in peat, which becomes weak with increasing the coalification degree from lignite to bituminous coal. Sulfate sulfur is only related to Hg in peat or lignite as little content in coal. However, the Pearson linear correlation coefficients of Hg and pyritic sulfur are relatively high with 0.479 for lignite, 0.709 for sub-bituminous coal and 0.887 for bituminous coal. Hg is also related to ash content in coal, whose Pearson linear correlation coefficients are 0.504, 0.774 and 0.827 respectively, in lignite, sub-bituminous coal and bituminous coal. Furthermore, Hg distribution is directly depended on own speciation in coal. The total proportion of F2 + F3 + F4 is increased from 41.5% in peat to 87.4% in bituminous coal, but the average proportion of F5 is decreased from 56.8% in peat to 12.4% in bituminous coal. The above findings imply that both Hg and sulfur enrich in coal largely due to the migration from organic state to inorganic state with the increase of coalification degree in Ningwu Coalfield.

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Bilgin, Oyku. "Investigation and Comparison of the Enrichment Potential of Turkey (Şenkaya, Erzurum) Coals with Knelson Concentrator." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019 (February 3, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9036047.

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The quality of coals from, Erzurum varies widely. Two coal samples from this area were compared. The first has a composition of 19% ash, 5700 kcal, and 3% sulfur while the other has 49.20% ash, 3000 kcal, and 1.6% sulfur composition. It is understood that the first coal sample is a high-quality coal. Although the ash content of the second coal sample is determined to be high and the calorie value is low, the low sulfur content is advantageous for the environment. This study aimed at increasing the quality of coal samples by carrying out experiments for reducing the ratio of ash and sulfur with Knelson’s enrichment processes. Chemical analysis, sieve analysis experiments, %ash, %moisture, and %calorie values of each fraction are determined from two different C1 and C2 coal samples taken from the Balkaya village belonging to Şenkaya, Erzurum. Then, %ash, %yield, and %sulfur analyzes were carried out on the coal samples using the Knelson gravity separator enrichment method, and the results were evaluated for coal samples.

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26

Yang, Yanli, and Qiaojing Zhao. "Analysis of aromatic hydrocarbon in medium- to high-sulfur coals from Fenxi, Shanxi Province." World Journal of Engineering 15, no. 6 (December 3, 2018): 786–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-07-2017-0179.

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Purpose This study aims to investigate the compositional characteristics of aromatic hydrocarbons extracted from coals and to describe how the sulfur content influences the properties of coals and whether widely accepted maturity parameters are suitable for medium- to high-sulfur coal. Design/methodology/approach Four samples of medium- to high-sulfur coal were obtained from Fenxi, Shanxi Province, and studied using gas chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Findings The GC-MS results showed that there were five series of compounds were identified in the aromatic fractions: naphthalenes, phenanthrenes, oxygen-containing compounds, biphenyls and sulfur-containing compounds. The substituent group was mainly methyl. The content of dibenzothiophenes was high, which was attributed to their high thermodynamic stability. The presence of sulfur reduced the content of oxygen-containing compounds. A depositional environment that facilitated the formation of organic sulfur compounds led to a higher content of naphthalenes. Originality/value The development of methods for removing organic sulfur compounds would benefit from a study of their nature, which would be important for improving the use of coal.

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27

Nurhawaisyah, S. R., N. Jafar, S. Bakri, and S. Widodo. "Coal desulfurization by flotation method." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1134, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1134/1/012055.

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Abstract In general, the combustion of coal containing high sulfur and ash causes negative environmental problems such as acid rain and the emission of oxides of sulfur. Coal flotation is one of the most effective methods for desulfurizing and deashing raw coal with high ash and sulfur contents before burning coal. In this study, a coal sample collected from East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia was subjected to flotation by using diesel oil as collector and pine oil as frother. The experimental results showed that 24% of the total sulfur was eliminated from coal. Also, the calorific value of coal increased from 5,486 cal/g to 5,535.38 cal/g. However, the volatile matter and ash content of coal was eliminated.

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Ding, Jian, Lang Liu, Qing Cai Liu, Jian Yang, Wei Gao, and Ming Kong. "Effect of Sulfur and Chlorine on the Speciation of Mercury in Coal." Applied Mechanics and Materials 367 (August 2013): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.367.16.

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Mercury and its compounds which formed in the coalcombustion process have a serious effect on the environment. Four coal samplesin Chongqingwere selected to study on the occurrenceform of mercury, as well as the effect ofsulfur, chlorine on mercury speciation. Results showed that the mercury contentin coal ranged from 257 ng/g to 332.7 ng/g，with sulfur, chlorine content increased，the total mercury content increased，too. The sulfur content in coal ranged from 1.52% to3.54%, the mercury in sulfide and sulfurhave a good correlation, and square of the correlation coefficient (R2)between them is 0.9883. The chlorinecontent in coal ranged from 0.05% to 0.15%，the mercury in organic compound and sulfur have a good correlation，andsquare of the correlation coefficient (R2) between them is 0.9639.

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29

Yang, Xi Yuan, Mei Li Du, Jin Ren Zhang, and Jian Li Yang. "Study on Coal Separability for Wangcun Inclined Shaft in Chenghe." Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (August 2013): 1082–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.1082.

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On the basis of the coal quality characteristics, the screening and drifting tests have been carried out to investigate the separability of the coals in the inclined shaft coal samples of Chenghe Wangcun coal mine. The results showed that the mine raw coal seams are medium ash, high sulfur and medium volatile coals. The screening test results showed that the water content and sulfur content of coals samples in each grade after sieving essentially remained the row coal characteristic. Heating value increased with the decrease of particle size, but ash content decreased with the particle size. The float-and-sink tests showed that when the given clean coal ash content was 10%13% and 15% respectively, the coal samples were in the extremely difficult degree, medium separability degree and medium separability degree respectively.

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30

Shatokha, V. I., and I. É. Shepetovskii. "Production of low-sulfur pig iron using coal material with an increased sulfur content." Metallurgist 40, no. 6 (June 1996): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02340811.

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31

Yang, Yu, Luo Yang, Peng Fei Hu, and Gai Mei Ren. "Desulfurization Experimental Study on Flotation for High Sulfur Coal from Liupanshui, Guizhou Province, China." Advanced Materials Research 1092-1093 (March 2015): 825–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1092-1093.825.

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Анотація:

The total sulfur rate of the coal sample was 4.973%, the inorganic sulfur content was more than 60%, which was the main component in the coal sample. The effect of grinding fineness, flotation pulp density, collector and frother on coal flotation desulfurization were investigated in this paper to remove the inorganic sulfur. The results showed that it reached to the optimum desulfurization rate 54.7% when the optimum grinding fineness was 39.20% -200 mesh rate, pulp concentration was 80 g/L, kerosene consumption was 1.4 kg/t, 2#oil loading was 100 g/t, and the total sulfur content reduced to 2.72%. The optimized flotation condition determined by orthogonal experiments was as follow: pulp density for 60 g/L, kerosene dosage of 1.4 kg/t, 2#oil consumption of 100 g/t. In this case, total sulfur content reduced to 2.19%, the total desulfurization rate and the inorganic desulfurization rate were 55.96% and 92.89%, respectively.

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32

Čechák, T., and L. Thinová. "Sulfur content measurement in coal by X-ray fluorescence method." Radiation Physics and Chemistry 61, no. 3-6 (June 2001): 759–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0969-806x(01)00397-8.

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33

Manovic, Vasilije, Borislav Grubor, and Mladen Ilic. "Sulfur self-retention in ash a grain model approach." Thermal Science 6, no. 2 (2002): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0202029m.

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A developed overall model for sulfur self-retention in ash during coal particle combustion is presented in the paper. The total sulfur content in char, after devolatilization, is evaluated using a derived correlation. It is assumed that sulfur retention during char combustion occurs due to the reaction between SO2 and the active part of the Ca in the form of uniformly distributed CaO grains. Parametric analysis shows that the process is limited by solid diffusion through the product layer formed on the CaO grains and that the most important coal characteristics which influence sulfur self-retention are coal rank, content of sulfur forms, molar Ca/S ratio and particle radius. The model predicts relatively well the levels of the experimentally obtained values of SSR efficiencies, as well as the influence of temperature, particle size and the surrounding conditions.

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34

Gadhavi, Gayatri, and Hitesh Solanki. "A REVIEW: SULFUR IN COAL AND PETROLEUM COKE." International Association of Biologicals and Computational Digest 1, no. 2 (October 5, 2022): 282–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.56588/iabcd.v1i2.81.

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sulfur (S), also spelled sulphur, nonmetallic chemical element belonging to the oxygen group (Group 16 [VIa] of the periodic table), one of the most reactive of the elements.Sulfur is classified among the minor constituents of Earth’s crust, in which its proportion is estimated to be between 0.03 and 0.06 percent. Coal is classified into four main types, or ranks: anthracite, bituminous, subbituminous, and lignite. Geochemical studies of sulfur in coals comprise several major aspects relating to the nature and origin of sulfur in coals, including the abundance and distribution of sulfur in coal seams, abundance of sulfur in coal lithotypes and macerals (Chen-Lin Chou, 2012). All types of coal also contain sulfur, which, when burned, releases toxic air pollution. Sulfur content is determined by the conditions under which the coal is formed. While Petroleum coke is a byproduct of petroleum refining, useful in the production of may things.

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35

Ishkov, Valerii, та Yevhen Kozii. "DISTRIBUTION OF MERCURY IN COAL SEAM C7н OF PAVLOHRADSKA MINE FIELD". SCIENTIFIC PAPERS OF DONNTU Series: “The Mining and Geology”, № 3(23)-4(24) 2020 (2020): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31474/2073-9575-2020-3(23)-4(24)-26-33.

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Purpose. Investigation of regularities of mercury distribution in coal of formation c7n of the Pavlogradska mine field. Methodology. Method of atomic absorption analysis of furrow samples of wells. Processing of geochemical and structural-geological data by methods of mathematical statistics using Excel 2016 and Statistica 6.0. The computer program Surfer was used to build maps/ Results. In article considered the distribution of mercury in the coal seam c7н of the Pavlohradska mine field of the Pavlohrad-Petropavlivka geological and industrial district of Donbas. As a result of the study, a map of isoconcentrates and a map of the regional component of mercury content in the coal of the seam were constructed and analyzed. Correlation coefficients between mercury concentration and formation morphological parameters and coal sulfur were calculated. The regression equations between this element and the ash content of coal are also established, which will allow predicting their concentration in the main working coal seams of the geological-industrial area relative to the values of coal ash content. The nature of sulfur distribution is established and the weighted average concentrations and the main descriptive statistics of this element are calculated. Scientific novelty. Peculiarities and regularities of mercury accumulation in coal of formation c7n are revealed. Practical significance. The constructed maps and established correlations are the factual basis for long-term forecasting of mercury concentrations in extracted raw materials and adjustment of technological schemes of coal beneficiation. Keywords: mercury, mine, coal height, ash content, stratum depth, sulfur content, regression equation, correlation coefficient.

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36

Pu, Zhao Ting, Jie Mi, and Jian Kang. "Removal of Organic Sulfur in Two Coals in Microwave and Ultrasonic Co-Enhanced Oxidative Process." Advanced Materials Research 781-784 (September 2013): 923–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.923.

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Microwave heating has been used in desulfurization of coal. Removal of organic sulfur and organic sulfur forms alterations of Xishan (XS) coal and Yunnan (YN) coal was investigated under microwave and ultrasonic irradiation. The results showed the optimum conditions for desulfurization were 50 min and 560 W for microwave and ultrasound for both coals. The desulfurization rate was maximum 23.53% for XS coal and 76.58% for YN coal. The effect of combining microwave and ultrasonic irradiation on desulfurization was stronger than simple microwave irradiation. The content of sulphone sulfur in coal was increased from the XPS after microwave and ultrasonic co-enhanced oxidative desulfurization.

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Li, Jing, Peng Wu, Guanghua Yang, Lei Pan, Xinguo Zhuang, Xavier Querol, Natalia Moreno, Baoqing Li, and Yunfei Shangguan. "Enrichment of Li–Ga–Zr–Hf and Se–Mo–Cr–V–As–Pb Assemblages in the No. 11 Superhigh Organic Sulfur Coal from the Sangshuping Coal Mine, Weibei Coalfield, Shaanxi, North China." Energies 13, no. 24 (December 17, 2020): 6660. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246660.

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Superhigh organic sulfur(SHOS) coals have currently attracted great attention due to their typical depositional environments and formation history as well as their great negative impact on the ecosystem. This study investigated the geochemistry of the No. 11coalof the Late Carboniferous Taiyuan Formation from the Sangshuping coalmine, Hancheng miningarea, Weibei coalfield, Shaanxi, North China. The No. 11 coal is a high-sulfur coal with a large proportion of organic sulfur content (3.7 to 5.5%, avg. 4.4%) and belongs to typical SHOS coal. The high sulfur content in the Sangshuping coal mine has been mainly caused by the combined influences of seawater and hydrothermal fluids. The SHOS in No. 11 coal was formed in the Fe-poor and S-rich high-marine influenced occlusive environment. During the late coalification stage, a high proportion of pyritic sulfur was formed due to sufficient Fe supply from the Fe–S-rich epigenetic hydrothermal fluids. The No. 11 SHOS coal is enriched in Li–Ga–Zr–Hf and Se–Mo–Cr–V–As–Pb element assemblages. The sediment provenance of the Sangshuping coal mine is predominantly felsic–intermediate rocks from both the Yinshan and Qinling Oldland. However, the elevated concentrations of critical elements (Li, Ga, Zr, and Hf) in the No. 11 coal are primarily inherited from the Yinshan Oldland. The enrichment of the Se–Mo–Cr–V–As–Pb assemblage in No. 11 coal can be ascribed to the influence of both seawater and epigenetic hydrothermal activity.

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38

Gao, Wei, Qing Cai Liu, Cun Fang Lu, Jian Yang, Juan Wen, and Hui Min Zheng. "Sulfur-Loading Impact on Microstructure and Surface Morphology of Fly Ash-Based Adsorbent for Mercury Removal." Advanced Materials Research 148-149 (October 2010): 1511–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.148-149.1511.

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Mercury is a toxic air pollution, and coal-fired utility plants are the largest anthropogenic emission source in China. Due to rapidly decreasing the cost and increasing the efficiency, it is becoming necessary to develop alternative technologies/materials for mercury removal. The adsorbents made from fly ash of coal-fired, and became spherical after sintering at temperature 500 . Finally, it has been treated by thermal precipitation sulfur, to remove mercury in fuel gas of coal-fired. High temperature deposition furnace was applied to increase sulfur content in fly ash based adsorbents produced in lab. SEM, BET, TGA and other measurement methods were used to characterize the surface morphology, sulfur distribution and specific surface. The experiments can increase its sulfur content of adsorbent, and the study found that sulfur attached to the surface, mesopore structure, microporous structure of fly ash-based adsorbents. So these treatments can increase their surface area and enhanced their adsorption capacity, while the sulfur was filled in interspace as small molecule S2 and S5. And the specific surface area increased by sulfur-loading and increasing temperature.

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39

Pashchenko, Pavlo, Yana Antipovych, and Olga Karamushka. "DISTRIBUTION OF MERCURY IN COAL SEAMS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE KRASNOARMEISKIY GEOLOGICAL AND INDUSTRIAL REGION OF DONBASS)." SCIENTIFIC PAPERS OF DONNTU Series: “The Mining and Geology”, no. 3(23)-4(24) 2020 (2020): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31474/2073-9575-2020-3(23)-4(24)-16-25.

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Анотація:

Purpose. Analysis of the distribution of mercury concentrations in the whole district; identification of links between mercury content and other toxic and potentially toxic elements, petrographic composition of coal and its main technological parameters. Methodology. The methods of mathematical statistics with the construction of histograms of distribution and dendrograms of clustering of coal seams of the region by Hg concentrations are also used in the work. Results. Peculiarities of distribution and the nature of mercury distribution in 56 coal seams, which belong to the suites С14, С21, С22, С23, С25, С26, and С27 of the lower and middle divisions of the coal period of the Krasnoarmeysk geologicalindustrial area, have been determined. Simple and cumulative histograms are constructed and analyzed. The calculations of the weighted average concentrations in the coal of the main layers and suites were performed, the composition of the typomorphic geochemical association of mercury with other toxic and potentially toxic elements in the coal of the region is clarified. The main factors influencing the mercury content in the nearest stratigraphic section of coal seams in the process of coal accumulation and epigenetic transformations of the coal seam were significantly varied. The average value of mercury content in coal of the main working seams of the area is significantly below the maximum allowable concentration in coal. In the district as a whole, there is no significant connection between mercury concentrations and ash content and sulfur content of total coal, at the same time there is an increase in mercury content with increasing degree of coal carbonization. Scientific novelty. The nature of the distribution and the main statistical indicators of mercury concentrations in the main coal seams and suites of the Krasnoarmeysky geological-industrial region of Donbass were established. A typomorphic geochemical association of mercury with other toxic and potentially toxic elements in the coal seams of the district has been established. Practical significance. The practical significance of the obtained results is to identify the absence of a significant relationship between mercury concentrations and ash content and sulfur content of total coal, as well as to calculate the regression equations between the elements included in the geochemical association with mercury. Key words: mercury, mine, coal height, coal ash content, depth, sulfur content, regression equation, correlation coefficient.

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40

Lalvani, S. B., and K. Ramaswami. "Mediator-Assisted Electrochemical Desulfurization of Coal." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 110, no. 4 (December 1, 1988): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3231392.

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A bituminous coal from Illinois (Colchester No. 2) in acid slurry was electrolyzed anodically at 1.2–1.3 V versus SCE (saturated calomel electrode) and 65–75°C. Hydrogen gas was observed to evolve at the cathode with almost 100 percent Faradaic current efficiencies, while simultaneous desulfurization of coal was noted in the anode compartment. In order to enhance sulfur removal, the cations of Ce (IV) and Fe (III) were added to coal slurries. Up to 80 percent reduction in sulfur content of the coal was observed.

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41

Wang, Xiao Rui, Ming Lin Jin, Hui Cun Qian, Nan Gao, Xiao Ming Hou, Xue Liu, and Jun Huang. "Utilization of High-Sulfur Petroleum Coke and Sulfur Transfer Behavior." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 1637–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.1637.

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The presence forms of sulfur in High-sulfur petroleum coke and high temperature transfer was studied in this paper. It was found that a part of sulfur escape in the form of gaseous compounds through heating coke without air. The present structure of sulfide is inferred to be thiophene according to XPS spectra. The scientific calculation for amount of high sulfur petroleum coke can be continued according to the sulfur content of petroleum coke, sulfur transfer agent and permissible content of sulfur in the coke. The gaseous sulfur caused by the high sulfur petroleum coke which is directly used as boiler fuel and coal blending can be recycled through the original sulfur purification recovery system, meanwhile, the purification load rises.

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42

Zhao, Qiao Jing, Yue Gang Tang, Xiu Jie Deng, and Xiao Lei Yu. "Geochemistry of Sulfur in Extract from Hedong Coal Mine, China." Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (August 2013): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.89.

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The organosulfur compounds in the extract of the unusually organic sulfur rich of Hedong coal mine had been identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. There are two series organosulfur compounds (OSC) were detected in the extract, they are benzonaphthothiophen and dibenzothiophene and the content of methylbiphenyl is overwhelming advantages in the biphenyl series. It demonstrates that the coal was formed in alkaline environment. The coal was formed in a reduction environment generally but there are exceptions, the samples HD9-2 and HD10-13 which have the value of Pr/Ph was 3.52 and 4.05 and So/St in sample HD9-2 was 78.82%, 73.08% in sample HD10-13 respectively . It show that the coal suffer strong oxidation and there are no good correlation between the content of organic sulfur and the oxidation environment.

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43

Li, Chang, Liugen Zheng, Chunlu Jiang, Xing Chen, and Shuaishuai Ding. "Characteristics of leaching of heavy metals from low-sulfur coal gangue under different conditions." International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 8, no. 4 (March 11, 2021): 780–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40789-021-00416-6.

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AbstractCoal gangue is the main pollution source of mining areas. When coal gangue is stacked and recycled, the heavy metal elements contained in it are released by natural weathering and leaching, which causes damage to the surrounding ecological environment. In this study, the leaching and precipitation characteristics of heavy metals in low-sulfur coal gangue under different environmental conditions were simulated by indoor dynamic leaching experiments, which provided a theoretical basis for environmental restoration of the mining area. The conclusions are as follows: higher heavy metal content in low-sulfur coal gangue is associated with greater, leaching of heavy metals; acidic conditions promote the release of heavy metals in low-sulfur coal gangue; and more precipitation is associated with better release of heavy metals from the low-sulfur coal gangue.

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44

Nurjaman, Fajar, Yuliana Sari, Anton Sapto Handoko, Fathan Bahfie, Ulin Herlina, Muhammad Miftahurrahman, Dedi Priadi, Deni Ferdian, and Bambang Suharno. "Effect of sulfur in the reductants on sulfidation mechanism of nickel laterite." Indonesian Mining Journal 24, no. 2 (October 2021): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.30556/imj.vol24.no2.2021.1216.

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Анотація:

Processing nickel laterite conventionally, namely by pyrometallurgy method, requires high temperature and energy, results in a costive process. Due to its lower temperature reduction process, selective reduction with additives could be an alternative in nickel ore processing. Additives such as sulfur/sulfate have a critical role in promoting the low melting point phase. Sulfur is also found in coal. Therefore, it is important to investigate the effect of sulfur content in reductant on selective reduction of lateritic nickel ore. In this work, the effect of sulfur content (2.68% and 5% S) in anthracite coal as a reductant on selective reduction of limonitic ore was studied clearly. Nickel ore, reductant and sodium sulfate were mixed homogenously and pelletized up to 10-15 mm in diameter. Pellets were reduced using a muffle furnace at 950 to 1150°C for 60 min. Reduced pellets were crushed into -200 mesh before separating the ferronickel and its impurities using a wet magnetic separation process. The result showed that the anthracite coal with 5% S produced concentrate containing 3.56% Ni with 95,97% recovery, which is higher than 2.68% S. The sulfur content in reductant could replace the addition of sulfur/sulfate as the additives in the selective reduction of lateritic nickel ore.

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Wajima, Takaaki. "Preparation of Adsorbent with Lead Removal Ability Using Sulfur-Impregnation." Advanced Materials Research 831 (December 2013): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.831.253.

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Preparation of the adsorbent with lead removal ability using a sulfur impregnation was studied. Coal, palm shell, waste tire and diatomite, were used as raw materials. Raw material was mixed with K2S powder and then heated at 800 °C or 900 °C for 30 min in nitrogen to produce a sulfur-impregnated adsorbent. The sulfur-impregnated adsorbents prepared from coal, palm shell, waste tire and diatomite at 800 °C have lead removal property, and the order of lead removal ability is the adsorbent from coal = palm shell > waste tire > diatomite. The sulfur-impregnated adsorbent prepared from coal had a high sulfur content and high specific surface area. The adsorbent showed higher removal ability for lead ions from aqueous solution than zinc and cadmium ions in ternary Pb2+-Zn2+-Cd2+solution. These results indicate that the sulfur-impregnated adsorbent has high selective adsorption ability for lead ions in aqueous solutions.

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46

Ulanovskii, M. L. "Increased total sulfur content in coal from Donets and other basins." Coke and Chemistry 56, no. 12 (December 2013): 437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068364x13120119.

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47

Song, Feihu, Chuanlong Xu, and Shimin Wang. "UV differential optical absorption method for measuring sulfur content in coal." Measurement Science and Technology 23, no. 2 (December 16, 2011): 025501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/23/2/025501.

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48

Amin, Muhammad, David Candra Birawidha, Kusno Isnugroho, Yusuf Hendronursito, Muhammad Al Muttaqqi, and Nurbaiti Marsas Prilitasari. "Desulfurisasi Batubara Menggunakan Larutan Ekstrak Belimbing Wuluh (Everrhoa Bilimbi L)." Jurnal Presipitasi : Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan 16, no. 2 (August 31, 2019): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/presipitasi.v16i2.44-52.

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Desulphurization process can improve the quality of coal and reduce the environmental pollution. In this study, the method used for desulphurization process was a leaching method using wuluh starfruit extract as a leaching agent. Starfruit extract obtained by grinded, filtered and extracted the starfruit solution. Coal was crushed by using a grinding ball mill, sifted to obtain samples of 80 mesh, 120 mesh, and 150 mesh. Coal was added with starfruit extract, heated on a hotplate stirrer at a temperature of 110oC, 300 rpm of stirring speed and 3, 4 , 5 hours of leaching time. Leachate solution were analyzed using XRF test. The results of the study showed that 80, 120 and 150 mesh could produce 1.777%, 1.556% and 1.053% of sulfur, respectively. Maximum decrease of sulfur occurred in 150 mesh with 5 hours of leaching time which could reach 0.261% of concentration. Ash content also could decreased from 11.43% to 6.18% and fixed carbon content from 42.15% rose to 51.33%. The desulphurization process using starfruit extract was influenced by the grain size of the coal and the contact time of leaching. The finer the grain size of the coal and the longer the leach contact time, the smaller the sulfur content obtained in the coal after the desulfurization process was carried out

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49

Manovic, Vasilije, Borislav Grubor, Mladen Ilic, and Branimir Jovancicevic. "Sulfur retention by ash during coal combustion - Part II: A model of the process." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 68, no. 3 (2003): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0303171m.

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An overall model for sulfur self-retention in ash during coal particle combustion is developed in this paper. It is assumed that sulfur retention during char combustion occurs due to the reaction between SO2 and CaO in the form of uniformly distributed non-porous grains. Parametric analysis shows that the process of sulfur self-retention is limited by solid diffusion through the non-porous product layer formed on the CaO grains and that the most important coal characteristics which influence sulfur self-retention are coal rank, content of sulfur forms, molar Ca/S ratio and particle radius. A comparison with the experimentally obtained values in a FB reactor showed that the model can adequately predict the kinetics of the process the levels of the obtained values of the SSR efficiencies, as well as the influence of temperature and coal particle size.

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50

Sasongko, Dwiwahju, A. Ali Sjamsuriputra, Metta A. Taufik, and Alexis Airin. "Effects of cell concentration and coal pretreatment on desulfurization of cigalugur subbituminous coal using thiobacillus ferrooxidans." Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia 7, no. 1 (October 9, 2018): 716. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2008.7.1.2.

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The use of coal is forecast to increase substantially to generate energy through combustion. Coal contains chemical substances that might pollute environment if it is not properly burnt, such as sulfur and nitrogen. Sulfur removal can be carried out by chemical, physical, or biological methods. Removal of sulfur from coal by microbial action has many advantages over physical and chemical desulfurization methods, namely (i) low capital and operating cost, (ii) low energy requirements, and (iii) removal of finely dispersed sulfur. This paper reports an experimental study investigating the effects of microbial cell concentration and pretreatment of coal on sulfur removal from Indonesian subbituminous coal using Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. The experiments were conducted under conditions that promote performance of the microorganism, i.e. temperature of 28°C and pH of 2.5. The procedure includes blending coal with Thiobacillus ferrooxidans in a laboratory scale reactor. Coal particles were sampled periodically during bio desulfurization. Its sulfur content was then measured according to ASTM D2492-90 (for pyretic sulfur) and ASTM D4239-94 (for total sulfur). Experimental findings show that sterilized coals give higher sulfur removal (49.8% for pyretic sulfur and 39.5% for total sulfur) than those non-sterilized (30.2% for pyretic sulfur and 34% for total sulfur). Furthermore, observed cell concentration and percentage of sulfur removal (for pyretic and total sulfur) decrease with initial microbial cell concentration. Keywords: coal, biodesulfurization, Thiobacillus ferrooxidans AbstrakPenggunaan batubara diramalkan akan meningkat secara pesat untuk membangkitkan energi melalui pembakaran. Batubara mengandung senyawa-senyawa yang dapat mencemari lingkungan apabila tidak dibakar secara tuntas, seperti sulfur dan nitrogen. Penghilangan sulfur dapat dilaksanakan secara kimiawi, fisik, maupun biologik. Penghilangan sulfur dari batubara melalui proses mikrobial menunjukkan banyak kelebihan dibandingkan dengan metode-metode desulfurisasi fisik dan kimiawi, yakni (i) biaya modal dan operasi yang rendah, (ii) kebutuhan energi yang rendah, dan (iii) kemampuan penghilangan sulfur yang terdispersi secara halus. Tulisan ini membahas kajian eksperimental mengenai pengaruh konsentrasi sel mikroba dan perlakuan awal batubara terhadap penghilangan sulfur dari batubara sub-bituminus Indonesia, oleh bakteri Thiobacillus ferooxidans. Percobaan dilaksanakan dalam kondisi yang mendorong kinerja bakteri, yakni temperatur sebesar 28°C dan pH sebesar 2,5. Prosedur percobaan mencakup pencampuran batubara dengan Thiobacillus ferooxidans dalam reaktor berskala laboratorium. Partikel batubara dicuplik secara berkala selama proses biodesulfurisasi. Kandungan sulfurnya kemudian diukur dengan metode ASTM D2492-90 (untuk sulfur pirit) dan ASTM D4239-94 (untuk sulfur total). Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa batubara yang disterilisasi memberikan penurunan kadar sulfur terbesar (49,8% untuk sulfur pirit dan 39,5% untuk sulfur total) daripada batubara yang tidak disterilisasi (30,2% untuk sulfur pirit dan 34% untuk sulfur total). Selain itu, konsentrasi sel dan persentase penghilangan sulfur (untuk sulfur pirit dan total) berkurang dengan konsentrasi sel mikroba awal.Kata kunci: batubara, biodesulfurization, Thiobacillus ferrooxidans

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