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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "CO2-based technology"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 7 грудня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "CO2-based technology"

Gao, Shiwang, Dongfang Guo, Hongguang Jin, Sheng Li, Jinyi Wang, and Shiqing Wang. "Potassium Carbonate Slurry-Based CO2 Capture Technology." Energy & Fuels 29, no. 10 (September 29, 2015): 6656–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b01421.

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Zhumagaliyeva, А., V. Gargiulo, F. Raganat, Ye Doszhanov, and M. Alfe. "Carbon based nanocomposite material for CO2 capture technology." Горение и Плазмохимия 17, no. 1 (June 5, 2019): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/cpc283.

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Carbon capture and sequestration contains a group of technologies keeping thedifferentiation of CO2 from large industrial and energy related sources, transport toa storage location and long-term isolation from the atmosphere. Previous studiesof CO2 adsorption on low-cost iron metal oxide surfaces strongly encourage thepossible use of metal oxide as sorbents, but the tendency of magnetite particles toagglomerate causes a lowering of CO2 sorption capacity. This work investigates theadsorption behavior of CO2 on composite materials prepared coating a low-costcarbonized rice husk (cRH), commercial carbon black (CB) with magnetite fineparticles. The CO2 capture capacity of composites and based on rice husk materialswas evaluated the basis of the breakthrough times measured at atmosphericpressure and room temperature in a lab-scale fixed bed micro-reactor. To thisaim the reactor has been firstly operated for CO2 adsorption data with obtainedsamples.

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Wang, Xiaolin, Shufan Yang, Hai Zhang, Xingguang Xu, Colin D. Wood, and Wojciech Lipiński. "Amine infused hydrogel-based CO2 gas storage technology for CO2 hydrate-based cold thermal energy storage." Journal of CO2 Utilization 53 (November 2021): 101705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101705.

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Архипов, В. Н., А. А. Анкудинов, А. А. Мочалова, С. А. Ященко, and Г. В. Улыбышев. "CCUS technology from theory to practice." Нефтяная провинция 1, no. 4(36) (December 30, 2023): 166–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.25689/np.2023.4.166-176.

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В статье описан подход к комплексной оценке технологии закачки CO2 в нефтяной низкопроницаемый пласт с целью повышения нефтеотдачи, подразумевающий: набор лабораторных экспериментов, включающий тест на тонкой трубке, Swell и VIT тесты, а также комплекс потоковых исследований на керне; формирование предпосылок для композиционной гидродинамической модели с адаптацией на результаты лабораторных исследований; подбор оптимальной программы опытно-промышленных работ и стратегии промышленной эксплуатации месторождения с закачкой CO2 на основе технико-экономической оценки. The paper discusses comprehensive assessment of CO2-EOR method based on CO2 injection into a low-permeability reservoir to enhance oil recovery. It involves a number of laboratory experiments, including slim-tube test, swell and VIT tests, as well as a suite of core flow studies; generation of prerequisites for a compositional reservoir simulation model with history matching using laboratory test results; selection of optimum pilot project program and commercial field development strategy with application of CO2-EOR technology based on feasibility study.

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Espatolero, Sergio, and Luis M. Romeo. "Optimization of Oxygen-based CFBC Technology with CO2 Capture." Energy Procedia 114 (July 2017): 581–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.1200.

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Liu, Xiaolei, Caifang Wu, and Kai Zhao. "Feasibility and Applicability Analysis of CO2-ECBM Technology Based on CO2–H2O–Coal Interactions." Energy & Fuels 31, no. 9 (August 30, 2017): 9268–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b01663.

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Liu, Yudong, Guizhou Ren, Honghong Shen, Gang Liu, and Fangqin Li. "Technology of CO2 capture and storage." E3S Web of Conferences 118 (2019): 01046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911801046.

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This paper studies carbon capture and storage based on carbon emission. There are three main technical routes for CO2 emission reduction: pre-combustion capture, oxygen-rich combustion, and post-combustion capture; CO2 separation technology mainly includes: chemical absorption method, solid adsorption method, membrane separation method. CO2 capture needs to be transported to a special place for storage, which can be generally divided into geological storage, marine storage and chemical storage. Future carbon capture research will focus on cost savings and energy savings.

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Yang, Zhibin, Ze Lei, Ben Ge, Xingyu Xiong, Yiqian Jin, Kui Jiao, Fanglin Chen, and Suping Peng. "Development of catalytic combustion and CO2 capture and conversion technology." International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 8, no. 3 (June 2021): 377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40789-021-00444-2.

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AbstractChanges are needed to improve the efficiency and lower the CO2 emissions of traditional coal-fired power generation, which is the main source of global CO2 emissions. The integrated gasification fuel cell (IGFC) process, which combines coal gasification and high-temperature fuel cells, was proposed in 2017 to improve the efficiency of coal-based power generation and reduce CO2 emissions. Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China, the IGFC for near-zero CO2 emissions program was enacted with the goal of achieving near-zero CO2 emissions based on (1) catalytic combustion of the flue gas from solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stacks and (2) CO2 conversion using solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs). In this work, we investigated a kW-level catalytic combustion burner and SOEC stack, evaluated the electrochemical performance of the SOEC stack in H2O electrolysis and H2O/CO2 co-electrolysis, and established a multi-scale and multi-physical coupling simulation model of SOFCs and SOECs. The process developed in this work paves the way for the demonstration and deployment of IGFC technology in the future.

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Ignatusha, Pavlo, Haiqing Lin, Noe Kapuscinsky, Ludmila Scoles, Weiguo Ma, Bussaraporn Patarachao, and Naiying Du. "Membrane Separation Technology in Direct Air Capture." Membranes 14, no. 2 (January 24, 2024): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes14020030.

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Direct air capture (DAC) is an emerging negative CO2 emission technology that aims to introduce a feasible method for CO2 capture from the atmosphere. Unlike carbon capture from point sources, which deals with flue gas at high CO2 concentrations, carbon capture directly from the atmosphere has proved difficult due to the low CO2 concentration in ambient air. Current DAC technologies mainly consider sorbent-based systems; however, membrane technology can be considered a promising DAC approach since it provides several advantages, e.g., lower energy and operational costs, less environmental footprint, and more potential for small-scale ubiquitous installations. Several recent advancements in validating the feasibility of highly permeable gas separation membrane fabrication and system design show that membrane-based direct air capture (m-DAC) could be a complementary approach to sorbent-based DAC, e.g., as part of a hybrid system design that incorporates other DAC technologies (e.g., solvent or sorbent-based DAC). In this article, the ongoing research and DAC application attempts via membrane separation have been reviewed. The reported membrane materials that could potentially be used for m-DAC are summarized. In addition, the future direction of m-DAC development is discussed, which could provide perspective and encourage new researchers’ further work in the field of m-DAC.

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Bardeau, Tiphaine, Raphaelle Savoire, Maud Cansell, and Pascale Subra-Paternault. "Recovery of oils from press cakes by CO2-based technology." OCL 22, no. 4 (May 1, 2015): D403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2015004.

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Дисертації з теми "CO2-based technology"

Ma, Chunyan. "Development of low-cost ionic liquids based technology for CO2 separation." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Energivetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-72567.

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CO2 separation plays an important role to mitigate the CO2 emissions due to burning of fossil fuels, and it is also of importance in biofuel production (e.g. biogas upgrading and bio-syngas purification and conditioning). The solvent-based absorption is the state-of-art technology for CO2 separation, where various solvents, e.g. amine solutions, Selexol (i.e. dimethyl ethers of polyethylene glycol), and propylene carbonate, have been introduced. However, these solvent-based technologies meet challenges such as high solvent degradation, high corrosion rate to equipment, high construction cost, high energy demand for solvent regeneration and high solvent make-up rate. Therefore, the development of novel solvents to overcome the challenges of the currently available solvents is essential. Recently, ionic liquids (ILs) have gained great interest as new potential solvents for CO2 separation, mainly due to their very low vapor pressure and relatively high CO2 solubility. In addition, ILs have lower corrosive characteristic, lower degradation rate and lower energy requirement for solvent regeneration compared with the conventional organic solvents. However, the main challenge of the application of ILs is their higher viscosity than the conventional solvents, which can be solved by adding co-solvents such as water. The overall objective of this thesis work was to develop low-cost IL based technologies for CO2 separation. To achieve this objective, the deep eutectic solvent (DES) of choline chloride (ChCl)/Urea with molar ratio 1:2 as a new type of IL was selected as an absorbent and H2O was used as co-solvent for CO2 separation from biogas. The conceptual process was developed and simulated based on Aspen Plus, and the effect of water content on the performance of ChCl/Urea for CO2 separation was evaluated. It was found that the optimal proportion of aqueous ChCl/Urea was around 50 wt% (percentage by weight) of water with the lowest energy usage and environmental effect. The performance of aqueous ChCl/Urea was further compared with the commercial organic solvents in this thesis work. The rate-based process simulation was carried out to compare the energy usage and the cost for CO2 separation from biogas. It was found that aqueous ChCl/Urea achieved the lowest cost and energy usage compared with other commercial solvents except propylene carbonate. The performance comparison proved that CO2 solubility, selectivity and viscosity were three important parameters which can be used as criteria in the development of novel physical solvents for CO2 separation. ILs with acetate anions normally show high CO2 solubility and selectivity, and the ILs with alkylmorpholinium as cations have low toxicity leading to lower environmental effect. Therefore, in this thesis work, a series of N-alkyl-N-methylmorpholinium-based ILs with acetate as counterpart anion were investigated, and water was added as co-solvent to adjust the viscosity. The CO2 solubility in these aqueous ILs was measured at different temperatures and pressures. It was found that the increase of alkyl chain length in the cation led to an increase of CO2 solubility of the ILs with the same anion. Aqueous N-butyl-N-methylmorpholinium acetate ([Bmmorp][OAc]) had the highest CO2 solubility, and it was selected to further carry out thermodynamic modeling and process simulation. The energy usage and the size of equipment of using aqueous [Bmmorp][OAc], aqueous ChCl/Urea, water, Selexol, and propylene carbonate for CO2 separation from biogas were compared. It was found that this novel IL mixing with water had better performance, that is, with lower energy usage and smaller size of equipment than the other solvents. This result suggests that using this aqueous [Bmmorp][OAc] has the potential to decrease the cost of CO2 separation.

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Hayagan, Neil. "Li-ion battery (LIB) direct recycling using pressurized CO2-based technology." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0239.

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Les batteries lithium-ion (LIB) ont révolutionné l'électronique portable et se sont étendues au secteur de la mobilité grâce aux progrès des matériaux d'électrodes, des électrolytes et des processus de production. Cependant, la demande croissante de LIB pose des défis mondiaux en matière de gestion des déchets. En tant que ressources critiques, les matériaux LIB nécessitent un recyclage efficace dans le contexte de l'économie circulaire tout en répondant aux objectifs de durabilité et de neutralité carbone. Les méthodes de recyclage conventionnelles, telles que la pyrométallurgie et l'hydrométallurgie, ne parviennent pas à récupérer entièrement les composants LIB, en particulier lorsque des déchets de production - un nouveau flux de déchets vierges - apparaissent. Le recyclage direct, une stratégie nouvelle et efficace, préserve les propriétés des matériaux telles que la composition, la structure et les propriétés, améliorant ainsi les taux de récupération. Cette thèse explore le recyclage direct des déchets de production et évalue le potentiel de recyclage des cellules 18650 usagées à différents niveaux de dégradation. Un nouveau procédé à base de CO2 a été développé pour le recyclage direct des déchets de production d'électrodes LIB. En utilisant un mélange de solvants de phosphate de triéthyle, d'acétone et de CO2, la dissolution du liant a été améliorée et la délamination des matériaux d'électrode positive a été accélérée, séparant efficacement LiNi0,6Mn0,2Co0,2O2 (NMC622) du collecteur de courant. L'étude explore également la dégradation dans les cellules 18650 avec cathode NMC622, anode en graphite et électrolyte à base d'EC sous divers protocoles de vieillissement, révélant des changements de matériaux importants, notamment la perte de Li, la décomposition de l'électrolyte et la migration du Mn. Le CO2 liquide et l'acétonitrile ont été utilisés pour extraire les carbonates et les produits de dégradation liquides, tandis que le carbonate de diméthyle comme cosolvant avec le CO2 liquide a permis une récupération élevée du lithium. Ces résultats fournissent des informations précieuses sur le vieillissement des batteries et mettent en évidence les défis d'un recyclage direct efficace, soulignant la nécessité de stratégies innovantes pour faire face à ces processus de dégradation complexes
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have revolutionized portable electronics and expanded into the mobility sector through advancements in electrode materials, electrolytes, and production processes. However, the growing LIB demand poses global waste management challenges. As critical resources, LIB materials require efficient recycling within the context of circular economy while meeting sustainability and carbon-neutrality goals. Conventional recycling methods, such as pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy, fall short in fully recovering LIB components, particularly as production scraps—a new, pristine waste stream—emerge. Direct recycling, a novel and efficient strategy, preserves material properties such as composition, structure, and properties, improving the recovery rates. This dissertation explores direct recycling of production scraps and evaluate spent 18650 cells their recycling potential across varying levels of degradation. A novel CO2-based process was developed for the direct recycling of LIB electrode production scrap. Using a solvent mixture of triethyl phosphate, acetone, and CO2, binder dissolution was enhanced and the delamination of positive electrode materials was accelerated, efficiently separating LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (NMC622) from the current collector. The study also explores the degradation in 18650 cells with NMC622 cathode, graphite anode, and EC-based electrolyte under various ageing protocols, revealing significant material changes, including Li loss, electrolyte decomposition, and Mn migration. Liquid CO2 and acetonitrile were used to extract carbonates and liquid degradation products, while dimethyl carbonate as a cosolvent with liquid CO2 allowed high lithium recovery. These findings provide valuable insights into battery aging and highlight challenges for effective direct recycling, emphasizing the need for innovative strategies to address this complex degradation processes

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Tang, Yunxin. "Investigation of multi-joule TEA CO2 laser based on magnetic-spiker sustainer discharge technology." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1995.

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Abdul, Manaf Norhuda. "MANAGEMENT DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM OF SOLVENT-BASED POST-COMBUSTION CARBON CAPTURE." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16567.

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A management decision-support framework for a coal-fired power plant with solvent based post combustion CO2 capture (PCC) (integrated plant) is proposed and developed in this thesis. A brief introduction pertaining to the solvent-based PCC technology, thesis motivations and objectives are given in Chapter 1. Chapter 2 comprises a comprehensive literature review of solvent-based PCC plant from the bottom level (PCC instrumentation level) until the top level (managerial decision of PCC system). Chapter 3 describes the development of solvent-based PCC dynamic model via empirical methods. Open-loop dynamic analyses are presented to provide a deeper understanding of the dynamic behaviour of key variables in solvent-based PCC plant. Chapter 4 presents the design of the control architecture for solvent-based PCC plant. Two control algorithms developed, which utilise conventional proportional, integral and derivative (PID) controller and advanced model predictive control (MPC). Chapter 5 proposes a conceptual framework for optimal operation of the integrated plant. The MPC scheme is chosen as the control algorithm while mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) using genetic algorithm (GA) function is employed in the optimization algorithm. Both algorithms are integrated to produce a hybrid MPC-MINLP algorithm. Capability and applicability of the algorithm is evaluated based on 24 hours and annual operation of integrated plant. Chapter 6 extends the scope of Chapter 5 by evaluating the relevance of solvent-based PCC technology in the operation of black coal-fired power plant in Australia. This chapter considers a prevailing climate policy established in Australia namely Emission Reduction Fund (ERF). Finally, the concluding remarks and future extensions of this research are presented in Chapter 7.

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Kotelnikova, Alena. "Analysis of a hydrogen-based transport system and the role of public policy in the transition to a decarbonised economy." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLX057/document.

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Quel cadre économique et réglementaire à long terme (2030-50) pour soutenir la transition énergétique des carburants fossiles vers l’hydrogène dans le secteur européen des transports ? Cette recherche combine les approches théoriques et empiriques pour répondre aux trois questions suivantes :1. Comment concevoir des politiques de soutien adaptées pour pallier les imperfections de marché lors du déploiement de technologies de mobilité hydrogène ?2. Comment modéliser les coûts d’abattement en tenant compte des effets d’apprentissage (LBD) ?3. Comment définir la trajectoire optimale de déploiement quand le LBD et la convexité des coûts d’investissement sont présents ?L’article ‘Transition vers un Système de Transport de Passagers à Hydrogène : Analyse Politique Comparée’ passe au crible des politique de soutien destinées à résoudre les imperfections de marché dans le déploiement de la mobilité hydrogène. L’article effectue une comparaison internationale entre les instruments en faveur du déploiement des véhicules. Les indicateurs ex post d’efficacité des politiques sont développés et calculés pour classifier les pays selon leur volontarisme dans la promotion des véhicules à piles à combustible (FCEV). Aujourd’hui le Japon et le Danemark apparaissent comme les meilleurs fournisseurs d’un environnement favorable au déploiement de la mobilité hydrogène. Les autorités locales introduisent de solides instruments prix (tels que des subventions et des exemptions fiscales) pour rendre le FCEV plus attractif par rapport à son analogue à essence et coordonnent le déploiement de l’infrastructure hydrogène sur le territoire.L’article ‘Modélisation des Coûts d’Abattement en Présence d’Effets d’Apprentissage : le Cas du Véhicule à Hydrogène’ présente un modèle de transition du secteur des transports d’un état polluant à un état propre. Un modèle d’équilibre partiel est développé pour un secteur automobile de taille constante. L’optimum social est atteint en minimisant le coût de la transition du parc automobile au cours du temps. Ce coût comprend les coûts privés de production des véhicules décarbonés (sujets aux effets d’apprentissage) ainsi que le coût social des émissions de CO2 qui suit une tendance haussière exogène. L’article caractérise la trajectoire optimale qui est un remplacement progressif des véhicules polluants par les décarbonés. Au cours de la transition, l’égalisation des coûts marginaux tient compte de l’impact des actions présentes sur les coûts futurs via l’effet d’apprentissage. L’article décrit aussi une trajectoire sous-optimale où la trajectoire de déploiement serait une donnée exogène : quelle serait alors la date optimale de début de la transition ? L’article présente une évaluation quantitative de la substitution des FCEV aux véhicules à combustion interne (ICE). L’analyse conclut que le FCEV deviendra une option économiquement viable pour décarboner une partie du parc automobile allemand à l’horizon 2050 dès que le prix du carbone atteindra 50-60€/t.L’article ‘Le rôle des Effets d’Apprentissage dans l’Adoption d’une Technologie Verte : le Cas LBD Linéaire’ étudie les caractéristiques d’une trajectoire optimale de déploiement des véhicules décarbonés dans le cas où les effets d’apprentissage et la convexité sont présents dans la fonction de coût. Le modèle d’équilibre partiel de Creti et. al (2015) est utilisé comme point de départ. Dans le cas LBD linéaire la trajectoire de déploiement optimale est obtenue analytiquement. Un apprentissage fort induit une transition antérieure vers les véhicules verts dans le cas d’une convexité faible et une transition ultérieure dans le cas d’une convexité forte. Ce résultat permet de revisiter le projet H2 Mobility en Allemagne. Un effet d’apprentissage plus fort et une accélération du déploiement aboutissent à une transition moins coûteuse et une période de cash flow négatif plus courte
What economic and policy framework would foster a transition in the European transport sector from fossil fuels to hydrogen in the long term (2030-50)? This research combines empirical and theoretical approaches and aims to answers the following questions:1. How to design appropriate policy instruments to solve inefficiencies in hydrogen mobility deployment?2. How to define abatement cost and an optimal launching date in the presence of learning-by-doing (LBD)?3. How to define an optimal deployment trajectory in presence of LBD and convexity in investment costs?The paper ‘Transition Towards a Hydrogen-Based Passenger Car Transport: Comparative Policy Analysis‘ draws a cross-country comparison between policy instruments that support the deployment of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV). The existing policy framework in favour of FCEV and hydrogen infrastructure deployment is analysed. A set of complementary ex-post policy efficiency indicators is developed and calculated to rank the most active countries, supporters of FCEV. Denmark and Japan emerge as the best providers of favourable conditions for the hydrogen mobility deployment: local authorities put in place price-based incentives (such as subsidies and tax exemptions) making FCEV more financially attractive than its gasoline substitute, and coordinate ramping-up of their hydrogen infrastructure nationally.The paper ’Defining the Abatement Cost in Presence of Learning-by-doing: Application to the Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle’ models the transition of the transport sector from a pollutant state to a clean one. A partial equilibrium model is developed for a car sector of a constant size. In this model the objective of the social planner is to minimize the cost of phasing out a stock of polluting cars from the market over time. The cost includes the private cost of green cars production, which are subject to LBD, and the social cost of carbon, which has an exogenous upward trend. During the transition, the equalization of marginal costs takes into account the fact that the current action has an impact on future costs through LBD. This paper also describes a suboptimal plan: if the deployment trajectory is exogenously given, what is the optimal starting date for the transition? The paper provides a quantitative assessment of the FCEV case for the substitution of the mature Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles. The analysis concludes that the CO2 price should reach 53€/t for the program to start and for FCEV to be a socially beneficial alternative for decarbonizing part of the projected German car park in the 2050 time frame.The impact of LBD on the timing and costs of emission abatement is, however, ambiguous. On the one hand, LBD supposes delaying abatement activities because of cost reduction of future abatement due to LBD. On the other hand, LBD supposes starting the transition earlier because of cost reduction due to added value to cumulative experience. The paper ‘The Role of Learning-by-Doing in the Adoption of a Green Technology: the Case of Linear LBD’ studies the optimal characteristics of a transition towards green vehicles in the transport sector when both LBD and convexity are present in the cost function. The partial equilibrium model of (Creti et al., 2015) is used as a starting point. For the case of linear LBD the deployment trajectory can be analytically obtained. This allows to conclude that a high learning induces an earlier switch towards green cars in the case of low convexity, and a later switch in the case of high convexity. This insight is used to revisit the hydrogen mobility project in Germany. A high learning lowers the corresponding deployment cost and reduces deepness and duration of the, investment ‘death valley’ (period of negative project’s cash flow). An acceleration of exogenously defined scenario for FCEV deployment, based on the industry forecast, would be beneficial to reduce the associated transition cost

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Durand, Véronique. "Développement d’un nouveau procédé de synthèse de membranes inorganiques ou composites par voie CO2 supercritique pour la séparation de gaz." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20175.

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L'utilisation de membranes pour la séparation/purification de mélanges de gaz permet d'envisager la mise en œuvre de procédés continus et faiblement énergivores. Les performances des membranes étant directement reliées à la méthode utilisée pour leur synthèse/modification, une nouvelle génération de membranes est attendue à partir de la méthode originale de dépôt « dynamique » développée et mise au point dans ce travail, en milieu CO2 supercritique (CO2SC). Les propriétés des fluides supercritiques, intermédiaires entre celles d'un liquide et d'un gaz (densité et diffusivité élevées, viscosité faible), laissent en effet présager la formation de microstructures originales. Les précurseurs sont solubilisés dans le CO2 sous pression puis transportés jusqu'au support membranaire. Cette méthode a été explorée pour : i) la synthèse directe de membranes à base de silice sur des supports macroporeux et ii) la modification de membranes zéolithiques MFI par des alcoxydes (MDES, TEOS) ou par des oligomères fluorés. Dans le premier cas, l'étude des paramètres de dépôt montre que la maîtrise des phénomènes chimiques de la transition sol-gel (contrôlés principalement par la température) dicte la microstructure du matériau final, au travers du degré de condensation/réticulation des clusters déposés. La modification des membranes zéolithiques MFI par un alcoxyde permet de doubler la permsélectivité He/SF6 initiale, sans forte baisse de perméance (Π(He)~10-6 mol.Pa-1.s-1.m-2). Dans ce cas, la force, la nature et la disponibilité des sites acides de la charpente MFI sont des critères clés pour la fixation de l'alcoxyde. Les membranes MFI modifiées par un oligomère fluoré sont imperméables au SF6 et la permsélectivé He/N2 peut atteindre une valeur de 136 à 25°C (Π(He)~10-8 mol.Pa-1.s-1.m-2). Cette nouvelle méthode dynamique de dépôt/modification développée dans ce travail apparaît comme une approche très versatile qui permet de contrôler la structure du matériau déposé en ajustant les paramètres du procédé
Using membranes for the separation/purification of gas mixtures makes possible the implementation of continuous processes with low energy consumption. Membrane performance being directly related to their synthesis/modification method, a new membrane generation is expected from the original "dynamic" deposition method which has been designed and developed in this work, in supercritical CO2 (scCO2) media. Indeed, the properties of supercritical fluids are intermediate between those of liquids and gases (high density and diffusivity, low viscosity), original membrane microstructures are expected to be derived from this process. The selected precursors are solubilized in compressed CO2 and then transported to the membrane support. This method has been explored for both: i) the synthesis of silica-based membranes on macroporous supports and ii) the modification of MFI zeolite membranes by either alkoxides (MDES, TEOS) or fluorinated oligomers. In the first case, an investigation of the deposition parameters demonstates that the sol-gel chemistry (controlled mainly by temperature) masters the final material microstructure, through the degree of condensation/crosslinking of the deposited clusters. Modification of MFI zeolite membranes with alkoxides can double their initial He/SF6 permselectivity without lowering too much their permeance (Π(He)~10-6 mol.Pa-1.s-1.m-2). In this case, the alkoxide fixation is monitored by the strength, nature and availability of acid sites in the MFI network. MFI membranes modified with fluorinated oligomers are SF6-tight and their He/N2 permselectivity can reach 136 at 25°C (Π(He)~10-8 mol.Pa-1.s-1.m-2). This new dynamic deposition/modification method developed in this work appears as a versatile approach in which the final material structure can be controlled by adjusting the process parameters

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Rao, Ananya S. "Trends and Variability in Terrestrial Carbon Fluxes and Stocks over India in the 20th and 21st centuries: A Multi-model Based Assessment." Thesis, 2019. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4826.

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Terrestrial ecosystems play an important role in the global carbon cycle by naturally taking up carbon from the atmosphere through photosynthesis and storing this carbon as biomass and soil carbon. There exists a strong, yet complex and uncertain relationship between the terrestrial ecosystems and the climate system. Inadequate knowledge on the regional terrestrial carbon cycle dynamics translates into large uncertainties in the estimation of global terrestrial carbon stocks and fluxes and in turn the climate projections as well. It is important to gain a better understanding of the terrestrial carbon dynamics at a regional level, in order to reduce the uncertainty in the terrestrial carbon estimates at the global scale (LeQuéré et al., 2017, Canadell et al., 2011). The Indian region is very important but relatively unexplored in terms of terrestrial carbon studies. However, significant environmental changes have occurred in the 20th century that has affected the terrestrial carbon dynamics of the Indian region considerably. The present research provides a model based assessment of the trends and variability in terrestrial carbon stocks and fluxes over India. We have used a multi-model based approach to understand the regional dynamics of the carbon cycle in the historical period and to predict the future terrestrial carbon dynamics over India. In the first part of the thesis (Chapter 3), we assess the trends and variability in the land carbon uptake in India during the period 1901-2010 using outputs from nine land surface models that are a part of the TRENDY model inter-comparison project. Outputs from two simulations were used - the S1 simulation where only atmospheric CO2 concentration is varying and the S2 simulation where both the climate and atmospheric CO2 are varying. The simulation S2 represents approximately the actual historical evolution of the system and the S1 simulation is used to make comparisons with S2 to obtain the individual effect of climate change (S2-S1). The changes in S1 simulation with time is used to infer the effect of increasing CO2. Our analysis in this chapter is focused on the trends and variability in Net Primary Productivity (NPP), Net Ecosystem Productivity (NEP) and the Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) over India in the historical period. The TRENDY multi-model mean NPP shows a positive trend of 2.03% per decade during the historical period from 1901-2010 over India. The multi-model based estimate of the cumulative NEE is 0.613 ± 0.1 Pg C during 1901-2010, indicating that the Indian terrestrial ecosystem was neither a strong source nor a significant sink during this historical period. Inter-annual variation in the terrestrial carbon variables are strongly driven by local precipitation changes and remote drivers such as ENSO and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) do not have a strong influence on the terrestrial carbon variables over India. The water use efficiency over the region is assessed along with the terrestrial carbon variables, and it shows an increase of about 25% over the 110-year period. However, since our conclusion is based on a set of offline land models further investigations are necessary for assessing the robustness of our estimates based on the TRENDY models. Thus, in the second part of our study we assess the terrestrial carbon dynamics over the Indian region, using a single Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (DGVM) driven by climate data from multiple climate models. In the second part of the thesis, we use a Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (DGVM) forced with climatic inputs from 24 CMIP5 climate models, to assess the trends and variability in terrestrial carbon stocks and fluxes over India for the historical period and for two Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios - the RCP 4.5 scenario and the RCP 8.5 scenario. Outputs from 24 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) climate models are used to force the DGVM for more statistically significant results. The DGVM used is the Lund-Potsdam-Jena DGVM (LPJ-DGVM) and is run on a grid cell basis at 0.5° latitude and longitude resolution. For the historical period, we find that the range in the terrestrial carbon fluxes obtained from LPJ-DGVM forced with 24 CMIP5 climate models are comparable with the fluxes obtained from the TRENDY multiple land surface model based assessments. The ensemble mean NPP from the 24 LPJ-DGVM simulations increases by11.3% in the historical period. In the RCP 4.5 scenario, NPP increases by 20% and in the RCP 8.5 scenario, by 62% through the end of the 21st century compared to the 1996-2005 baseline. The vegetation carbon and soil carbon show an increasing trend in the historical period as well as the RCP 4.5 and the RCP 8.5 scenario. The ensemble mean NEE from the 24 LPJ-DGVM simulations over India, has a positive mean value through the historical period, the RCP 4.5 scenario and the RCP 8.5 scenario. The cumulative NEE for the Indian region over the historical period is positive and concur with the TRENDY multi-model results from the previous chapter although differing in the magnitude of source. The cumulative NEE is positive for the RCP 4.5 scenario and is slightly negative in the RCP 8.5 scenario, indicating the Indian land mass becomes a source of carbon to the atmosphere in the RCP 4.5 scenario and sink for the RCP 8.5 scenario. In the third part of the thesis, we assess the role two key drivers, climate change and CO2, for the trends and variability in terrestrial carbon variables over India in the historical period and in the two RCP scenarios. We find that the terrestrial ecosystems over India are a source of carbon when the climate is varying with warming increasing through the historical periods and reaching maximum in the RCP 8.5 scenario. Thus, the climate effect alone makes the Indian land mass a source of carbon to the atmosphere in the historical period as well as the RCP 4.5 scenario and the RCP 8.5 scenario. The contribution of the increasing concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere is positive on the terrestrial carbon stocks and fluxes and we find that the productivity and hence the terrestrial carbon stocks increase as a result of the CO2 fertilization effect in the historical period, the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. The cumulative changes in NEE as a result of the climate-effect, the CO2-effect and the net effect are assessed and we find that in the historical period from 1900-2005, climate-effect is a stronger driver than the CO2-effect, driving the Indian region to be a source for carbon as a net effect. In the RCP 4.5 scenario, from 2006-2100, the climate-effect continues to be a stronger driver than the CO2-effect, driving the Indian region to be a net source for carbon. In the RCP 8.5 scenario, however, the CO2 fertilization effect is a stronger driver and the terrestrial ecosystems are a small net sink for carbon. To summarize, this thesis makes a multi-model based assessment of the long term trends and variability in terrestrial carbon stocks and fluxes over the Indian region for the 20th century and predicts the future changes during 21st century. Understanding the past, current and future changes in terrestrial ecosystem dynamics helps plan better policy interventions to preserve the terrestrial ecosystems from further degradation and in turn mitigate the effects of climate change in the Indian region.

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Samanta, Arup. "Nano-Crystalline Silicon and Quantum Dots in SiOx Matrix: Synthesis by RF Plasma CVD and Characterization for Device Applications." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10821/8327.

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The aim of this thesis is to deal with one of the important technological issues related to silicon based technology and synthesis of silicon based nanostructures by a new approach feasible for device applications. Use of noble gases like, Ar, He, Xe, etc., are generally utilized to increase the deposition rate of silicon thin films in RF plasma CVD. However, high Ar dilution leads to columnar growth and produces mostly defective network, while Xe dilution maintains an amorphous nature of the network even at a very high RF power to the plasma. Using He as the diluent to the plasma, the recent achievement of superior quality nC-Si:H films at a reasonably good deposition rate from our laboratory leads me to extend the work to one of the most important new material nC-Si in SiOx matrix and for further extension the work to quantum dots regime. Optical, electrical and structural properties of a-SiOx:H thin films prepared from [SiH4 + CO2 + He] plasma has been described in chapter 4. We observed that the a-SiOx:H films has been shown a large shift in Fermi level due to O incorporation and its gradual movement towards the mid band gap on alloying were associated with the change in dark conductivity following the Mayer-Neldel (M–N) rule. Systematic reduction in CH identified a dehydrogenation process occurring in the Si network during the gradual inclusion of oxygen, induced by the presence of He as the diluent to the plasma. The result seems opposite to the conventional H2-diluted plasma and appears significantly favourable for the future development of nC-SiOx:H materials.
The research was conducted under the supervision of Prof. Debojyoti Das of the Energy Research Unit [ERU] under SPS [School of Physical Sciences]
The research was carried out under IACS fellowship and DST research grant

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Книги з теми "CO2-based technology"

Liu, Helei. Post-combustion CO2 Capture Technology: By Using the Amine Based Solvents. Springer, 2018.

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Thompson, William R., and Leila Zakhirova. Energy, Technology, and (Possibly) the Nature of the Next World Economy Upswing. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190699680.003.0010.

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In the last several upswings of the world economy, core innovations paired new engines with new fuels: steam engines with coal, internal combustion engines with petroleum, and numerous electricity-driven applications with fossil fuels. In each instance, the new fuels initially were inexpensive, abundant, and incredibly powerful but also damaging to the climate and environment. Now we need to develop engines that can run using decarbonized fuels to minimize CO2 emissions. In this chapter we shift our focus to the implications of carbon-based energy sources, system leadership, and climate change. We first review the evidence for a strong relationship between global warming and fossil fuels and then consider what might be done to forestall the consequences of such a relationship.We then relate macro-level fluctuations in world economic growth to policy responses focusing largely on electricity and transportation.

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Cook, Peter, ed. Geologically Storing Carbon. CSIRO Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486302314.

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Carbon capture and geological storage (CCS) is presently the only way that we can make deep cuts in emissions from fossil fuel-based, large-scale sources of CO2 such as power stations and industrial plants. But if this technology is to be acceptable to the community, it is essential that it is credibly demonstrated by world-class scientists and engineers in an open and transparent manner at a commercially significant scale. The aim of the Otway Project was to do just this. Geologically Storing Carbon provides a detailed account of the CO2CRC Otway Project, one of the most comprehensive demonstrations of the deep geological storage or geosequestration of carbon dioxide undertaken anywhere. This book of 18 comprehensive chapters written by leading experts in the field is concerned with outstanding science, but it is not just a collection of scientific papers – it is about 'learning by doing'. For example, it explains how the project was organised, managed, funded and constructed, as well as the approach taken to community issues, regulations and approvals. It also describes how to understand the site: Are the rocks mechanically suitable? Will the CO2 leak? Is there enough storage capacity? Is monitoring effective? This is the book for geologists, engineers, regulators, project developers, industry, communities or anyone who wants to better understand how a carbon storage project really 'works'. It is also for people concerned with obtaining an in-depth appreciation of one of the key technology options for decreasing greenhouse emissions to the atmosphere.

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Частини книг з теми "CO2-based technology"

Bogaerts, Annemie, Xin Tu, and Tomohiro Nozaki. "Plasma-Based CO2 Conversion." In Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology, 209–43. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8822-8_10.

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Zhang, Guoliang, and Zehai Xu. "CO2 Conversion via MOF-Based Catalysts." In Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology, 1–36. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8822-8_1.

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Osazuwa, Osarieme Uyi, and Sumaiya Zainal Abidin. "Catalysis for CO2 Conversion; Perovskite Based Catalysts." In Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation, 297–310. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72877-9_15.

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Beér, János. "CO2 Reduction and Coal-Based Electricity Generation electricity generation." In Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, 2163–73. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_74.

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Li, Hui, Xinchuang Li, Weijian Tian, Zhe Chen, and Hao Bai. "CO2 Emission Calculation Model of Integrated Steel Works Based on Process Analysis." In Energy Technology 2021, 29–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65257-9_4.

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Ashraf, Wasim, M. Ramgopal, and V. M. Reddy. "Performance Analysis of an s-CO2 Based Solar Flat Plate Collector." In Green Energy and Technology, 385–95. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2279-6_33.

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Arora, Isha, Harshita Chawla, Amrish Chandra, Suresh Sagadevan, and Seema Garg. "Bismuth-Based Photocatalytic Material for Clean Energy Production and CO2 Reduction." In Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology, 363–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27707-8_15.

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Kokogawa, Tomohiro. "Trial of Building a Resilient Face-To-Face Classroom Based on CO2-Based Risk Awareness." In IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 95–106. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04170-9_7.

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Arastoopour, Hamid, and Javad Abbasian. "Chemical Looping of Low-Cost MgO-Based Sorbents for CO2 Capture in IGCC." In Handbook of Chemical Looping Technology, 435–59. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527809332.ch14.

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Senthilkumaran, Marimuthu, Venkatesan Sethuraman, and Paulpandian Muthu Mareeswaran. "Efficient Photoactive Materials for CO2 Conversion into Valuable Products Using Organic and Inorganic-Based Composites." In Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology, 395–415. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27707-8_16.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "CO2-based technology"

zhang, fengrui, jun ma, and lei wang. "SVMD-based denoising methods for differential absorption lidar retrieval of CO2 concentration profiles." In Fourth International Conference on Optics and Communication Technology (ICOCT 2024), edited by Yang Zhao and Yongjun Xu, 29. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3049764.

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Zhao, Yunhe, Shiqi Chen, Chengbo Mou, Yunqi Liu, and Zuyuan He. "Directional Bending Sensor based on LP11 Mode from Few-Mode Ring-Core Fiber with Long-Period Grating." In CLEO: Applications and Technology, JW2A.75. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2024.jw2a.75.

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We propose a directional bending sensor based on LP11 mode from few-mode ring-core fiber with CO2-laser-inscribed long-period grating. One-side inscription enhances asymmetric index modulation in fiber, resulting in directionally sensitive to bend by intensity interrogation.

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Wang, Eve (Wen), Stephen So, Feng Xie, Catherine Caneau, Chung-en Zah, and Gerard Wysocki. "Compact Quantum Cascade Laser Based Atmospheric CO2 Sensor." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2011.jmc5.

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Telipan, G., L. Pislaru-Danescu, and C. Racles. "CO2 detector based on organo-siloxane supramolecular polymer." In 2008 2nd Electronics Systemintegration Technology Conference. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/estc.2008.4684529.

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Jacobson, Phillip L., George E. Busch, David C. Thompson, Dennis K. Remelius, and F. David Wells. "Improved CO2 lidar receiver based on ultralow-noise FPA technology." In SPIE's International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation, edited by Arthur J. Sedlacek III and Kenneth W. Fischer. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.366428.

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Torres, Jose A., Lu Jin, Nicholas W. Bosshart, Lawrence J. Pekot, James A. Sorensen, Kyle Peterson, Parker W. Anderson, and Steven B. Hawthorne. "Multiscale Modeling to Evaluate the Mechanisms Controlling CO2-Based Enhanced Oil Recovery and CO2 Storage in the Bakken Formation." In Unconventional Resources Technology Conference. Tulsa, OK, USA: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15530/urtec-2018-2902837.

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Sæle, Aleksandra M., Arne Graue, and Zachary Paul Alcorn. "The Effect of Rock Type on CO2 Foam for CO2 EOR and CO2 Storage." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-22918-ms.

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Abstract CO2 foam is an effective method to reduce CO2 mobility and improve displacement efficiency in CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and CO2 storage applications. Foam strength and stability are key parameters that influence the efficiency of the foam which depend on several factors including the presence of oil, injection velocity and rock type. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of rock type on CO2 foam strength and stability by conducting corefloods with sandstone and carbonate rocks at reservoir conditions. The effect of injection velocity and the presence of residual oil on the foam generation and displacement efficiency was also investigated. Steady-state CO2 injections revealed differences in foam generation, strength and stability in sandstone compared to carbonate based on the calculated apparent viscosities. Results showed that the strongest foam was generated in sandstone compared to carbonates because of higher absolute permeability. Drainage-like co-injections with increasing gas fraction showed the relation between rock permeability and the limiting capillary pressure and co-injection at different injection velocities revealed shear-thinning foam rheology in both rock types. Despite stronger foam generation in sandstone, unsteady-state CO2 injections showed similar oil displacement efficiency in both rock types. CO2 foam increased oil recovery by 200% in both rocks compared to CO2 injection without foam. In addition, foam showed a significant impact on water displacement compared to pure CO2 injection which is advantageous for CO2 storage applications. Water recovery during CO2 EOR was 60% in sandstone and 88% in limestone. Dissolution of calcite was observed in limestone, which increased pore space and the CO2 storage capacity. Overall, the results indicate that CO2 foam generation, stability and coalescence are sensitive to rock permeability and pore geometry in the conducted experiments.

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Chen, Zhexin, Chunping Niu, Hantian Zhang, Hao Sun, Yi Wu, Fei Yang, Mingzhe Rong, and Zhenghong Xu. "Investigation on the reduced critical breakdown field of hot CO2 gas and CO2-based mixtures." In 2015 3rd International Conference on Electric Power Equipment - Switching Technology (ICEPE-ST). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icepe-st.2015.7368390.

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Yeasmin, Samira, Sonia Noor Jahan Syed, Leena Abu Shmais, and Raghad Al Dubayyan. "Artificial Intelligence-based CO2 Emission Predictive Analysis System." In 2020 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence & Modern Assistive Technology (ICAIMAT). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaimat51101.2020.9307995.

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Sun, Kaiwen, Shujie Zhou, Rose Amal, and Xiaojing Hao. "Kesterite-based photocathode for photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction and NH3 production." In MATSUS23 & Sustainable Technology Forum València (STECH23). València: FUNDACIO DE LA COMUNITAT VALENCIANA SCITO, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsus.2023.310.

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Звіти організацій з теми "CO2-based technology"

Jayaweera, Palitha. Mixed-Salt Based Transformational Solvent Technology for CO2 Capture. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2337752.

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Tanthana, Jak, Paul Mobley, Dennis Gilmore, Gary Howe, Jonathan Thornburg, Ryan Chartier, Lucas Cody, Jacob Lee, Vijay Gupta, and Marty Lail. EMISSIONS MITIGATION TECHNOLOGY FOR ADVANCED WATER-LEAN SOLVENT-BASED CO2 CAPTURE PROCESSES. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1875691.

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Lail, Marty. Engineering Scale Testing of Transformational Non-Aqueous Solvent-Based CO2 Capture Process at Technology Center Mongstad. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2316060.

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Nelson, Thomas, Luke Coleman, Matthew Anderson, Raghubir Gupta, Joshua Herr, Ranjeeth Kalluri, and Maruthi Pavani. Development of a Dry Sorbent-based Post-Combustion CO2 Capture Technology for Retrofit in Existing Power Plants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1030644.

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Rubin, Edward S., and Anand B. Rao. A TECHNICAL, ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF AMINE-BASED CO2 CAPTURE TECHNOLOGY FOR POWER PLANT GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/804932.

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Heldebrant, David. CO2-Binding Organic Liquids Gas Capture with Polarity-Swing-Assisted Regeneration Full Technology Feasibility Study B1 - Solvent-based Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1151840.

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Lu, Yongqi. Engineering-Scale Testing of the Biphasic Solvent Based CO2 Absorption Capture Technology at a Covanta Waste-to-Energy Facility. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2350965.

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Almutairi, Hossa, and Axel Pierru. Assessing Climate Mitigation Benefits of Public Support to CCS-EOR: An Economic Analysis. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2023-dp12.

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By storing carbon dioxide CO2 captured from the atmosphere or point sources into oil fields, carbon capture and storage with enhanced oil recovery (CCS-EOR) increases the fields’ output by raising reservoir pressures. Since CO2-EOR has been experimented with for decades and the revenues from the additional oil production improve projects’ economics, CCS-EOR is the most readily deployable CCS technology. However, public support for CCS-EOR projects is sometimes contested on the grounds that the resulting increase in oil production undermines their environmental benefits. Addressing this concern requires determining the effects of implementing CCS-EOR on global CO2 emissions. This note presents a simple approach based on a marginal reasoning consistent with economic decision-making. It produces analytical formulas that account for the effects on the global oil market of incentivizing CCS-EOR. In addition, we quantify the volume of oil that can be decarbonized by storing a tonne of captured CO2 through EOR from different perspectives. We produce numerical results based on a first-cut calibration. Results suggest that, from an economic perspective, CCS-EOR is a technology that mitigates global emissions. However, after accounting for the need to decarbonize the EOR oil, the reduction in emissions is significantly less than the stored quantity of CO2. If fully allocated to oil production, the environmental benefits of capturing a tonne of CO2 and storing it through conventional EOR can allow the oil producer to decarbonize 3.4 barrels on a well-to-wheel basis and 14.4 barrels when offsetting its oil-upstream emissions only. Fiscal incentives granted by governments to support CCS-EOR as a climate-change mitigation technology should be sized accordingly. We compare our findings to the size of the subsidy in the revised Section 45Q of the 2022 United States Inflation Reduction Act.

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Pfeil, Benjamin. SOCAT Quality Control (QC) procedures. EuroSea, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d4.7.

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The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) is a synthesis of quality-controlled fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) values for the global surface oceans and coastal seas with annual updates. SOCAT aims to provide data with the highest possible quality for carbon data – consistent quality control (QC) is essential in achieving this primary goal of SOCAT. Currently there are various steps of quality control, and within this task of EuroSea we aimed to develop an operational implementation of QC as a showcase for data within SOCAT from the European Research Infrastructure Integrated Carbon Observing System. The aim within EuroSea is to increase the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) from 5 (Technology validated in relevant environment) to 7 (system prototype demonstration in operational environment) for relevant ICOS data for direct submission to SOCAT. This was achieved by creating automated quality control into the ICOS state-of-art-software QuinCe, a web-based tool for processing and quality control of data from in situ sensors and underway instruments that is used for first and second level quality control for operational ICOS stations. One important aspect of SOCAT is the assessment of data quality, to ensure that all published data is fit for purpose and manual eyes-on QC is currently essential to lower uncertainties. Currently, this assessment consists of evaluating the metadata of each dataset to ensure that the correct Standard Operational Procedures (SOPs) have been followed during data collection, that the system setup is correct, instruments are calibrated and in addition examining data to ensure they are of good quality. SOCAT consists of three steps of QC: 1.) QC while data is being ingested; 2.) Eyes-on QC by regional experts and 3.) QC for the entire dataset defining the uncertainty based upon the submitted metadata and within this task it has been shown that certain parts of this QC process can be automated while other levels bear challenges if a higher level of TRL is aimed for. (EuroSea Deliverable D4.7)

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Dudareva, Natalia, Alexander Vainstein, Eran Pichersky, and David Weiss. Integrating biochemical and genomic approaches to elucidate C6-C2 volatile production: improvement of floral scent and fruit aroma. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7696514.bard.

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The specific objectives of approved proposal include to: 1. Elucidate the C6-C2 biochemical pathways leading to the biosynthesis of phenylacetaldehyde, phenylethyl alcohol and phenylethyl acetate in floral tissues of ornamentally important plants, pefunia and roses. 2. Isolate and characterrze genes responsible for the production of these C6-C2 compounds and those involved in the regulation of the pathway using genomic and transcriptomic tools. 3. Determine whether altering the expression of key genes of this pathway can result in changing the aroma characteristics of flowers. Aldehydes are intermediates in a variety of biochemical pathways including those involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, vitamins, steroids, amino acids, benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, hormones, and lipids. In plants they are also synthesized in response to environmental stresses such as salinity, cold, and heat shock or as flavors and aromas in fruits and flowers. Phenylacetaldehyde along with 2-phenylethanol and its acetate ester, are important scent compounds in numerous flowers, including petunias and roses. However, little is known about the biosynthesis of these volatile compounds in plants. We have shown that the formation PHA and 2-phenylethanol from Phe does not occur via trans-cinnamic acid and instead competes with the key enzyme of phenypropanoid metabolism Pheammonia-lyase (PAL) for Phe utilization. Using functional genomic approach and comparative gene expression profiling, we have isolated and characterized a novel enzyme from petunia and rose flowers that catalyzes the formation of the Ca-Czcompound phenylacetaldehyde (PHA) from L-phenylalanine (Phe) by the removal of both the carboxyl and amino groups. This enzyme, designated as phenylacetaldehyde synthases (PAAS), is a bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the unprecedented efficient coupling of phenylalanine decarboxylation to oxidation, generating phenylacetaldehyde, CO2, ammonia, and hydrogen peroxide in stoichiometric amounts. Down-regulation of PAAS expression via RNA interference-based (RNAi) technology in petunia resulted in no PHA emission when compared with controls. These plants also produced no 2-phenylethanol, supporting our conclusion that PHA is a precursor of 2-phenylethanol. To understand the regulation of scent formation in plants we have also generated transgenic petunia and tobacco plants expressing the rose alcohol acetyltransferase (RhAAT) gene under the control of a CaMV-35S promoter. Although the preferred substrate of RhAAT in vitro is geraniol, in transgenic petunia flowers, it used phenylethyl alcohol and benzyl alcohol to produce the corresponding acetate esters, not generated by control flowers. These results strongly point to the dependence of volatile production on substrate availability. Analysis of the diurnal regulation of scent production in rose flowers revealed that although the daily emission of most scent compounds is synchronized, various independently evolved mechanisms control the production, accumulation and release of different volatiles. This research resulted in a fundamental discovery of biochemical pathway, enzymes and genes involved in biosynthesis of C6-C2s compounds, and provided the knowledge for future engineering plants for improved scent quality.

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