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1
Silver, Jerry. "CNS Regeneration: Only on One Condition." Current Biology 19, no. 11 (June 2009): R444—R446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2009.04.026.
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Han, Guansheng, Fei Xiong, Yu Zhou, Leibo Song, and Xingkai Wang. "Research Progress on Shear Characteristics of Rock Joints under Constant Normal Stiffness Boundary Conditions." Shock and Vibration 2021 (September 1, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9670151.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The constant normal stiffness (CNS) boundary condition is more representative for the underground engineering, in which the shear-induced dilation is restricted by surrounding rocks, resulting in an increase in the normal stress. Therefore, the use of CNS boundary conditions in the research of shear-slip failure of underground rock engineering is more in line with the actual situation. Taking the instability and failure of surrounding rock in underground engineering as the background, the present study introduces the engineering background of CNS boundary conditions and the research progress on shear characteristics of rock joints under CNS boundary conditions. Three key directions for future research are proposed based on the latest research results of shear characteristics of rock joint under CNS boundary conditions: ① developing a rock joint shear test system that can realize the function of “CNS boundary conditions + shear-seepage test + visualization”; ② carrying out the shear tests of real rock joints under CNS boundary conditions based on 3D scanning and 3D carving technology; and ③ carrying out the shear tests of rock joint network under CNS boundary conditions.
3
Cao, Yangbing, Yang Wu, Xiangxiang Zhang, Zhi Liu, Weiguo Gong, and Zhenping Huang. "Experimental Study on the Influence of Hydromechanical Boundary Conditions on Shear-Flow Coupling Characteristics of Granite Joints." Geofluids 2022 (August 22, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4030000.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The instability of jointed rock mass is usually the shear process of the rock mass along discontinuities under the influence of groundwater flow. By conducting laboratory tests and numerical experiments on the shear-flow coupling of rock joints under constant normal stiffness (CNS) and constant normal stress (CNL) boundary conditions, the influence of normal boundary conditions and seepage pressure on the shear mechanical and flow characteristics of joints were investigated. The test results were as follows: The joint shear stiffness, peak, and residual shear strength under the CNS boundary condition were predominantly larger than those under the CNL boundary condition. Overall, these parameters were positively correlated with the initial normal stress σ n 0 . When σ n 0 > 2 MPa, the postpeak shear stress of the CNS boundary condition showed a sharp decrease, whereas that of the CNL boundary condition changed from a slowly decreasing type ( σ n 0 = 4 MPa, 6 MPa) to a sharply decreasing type at σ n 0 = 8 MPa. The peak dilation rate under the CNS boundary condition at all levels of normal stress was lower than that of CNL, and the strain softening in postpeak of the latter was more remarkable. In the process of joint shear, the hydraulic aperture displayed a four-stage variation law of “steady-sudden increase-slow increase-basically stable.” Moreover, the hydraulic aperture under the CNS boundary condition was always lower than that under the CNL boundary condition. The seepage pressure increased from 0.5 MPa to 1.5 MPa, and the average hydraulic aperture in the stable stage under normal stress at all levels increased from 0.146 mm to 0.187 mm. In addition, the average peak shear stress and average shear stiffness decreased by 0.9 MPa and 0.83 GPa/m, respectively. We also established a numerical model of a real rough three-dimensional joint, compiled a calculation program for the shear-flow process of a joint under CNS boundary conditions, and visualized the flow channel inside the joint. The seepage flow bypassed the area where the joints contacted each other, forming obvious flow channels. The flow rate increased at the intersection of the flow channels.
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Sanei Taheri, Morteza, Mohammad Ali Karimi, Hamidreza Haghighatkhah, Ramin Pourghorban, Mohammad Samadian, and Hosein Delavar Kasmaei. "Central Nervous System Tuberculosis: An Imaging-Focused Review of a Reemerging Disease." Radiology Research and Practice 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/202806.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Central nervous system (CNS) tuberculosis is a potentially life threatening condition which is curable if the correct diagnosis is made in the early stages. Its clinical and radiologic manifestations may mimic other infectious and noninfectious neurological conditions. Hence, familiarity with the imaging presentations of various forms of CNS tuberculosis is essential in timely diagnosis, and thereby reducing the morbidity and mortality of this disease. In this review, we describe the imaging characteristics of the different forms of CNS tuberculosis, including meningitis, tuberculoma, miliary tuberculosis, abscess, cerebritis, and encephalopathy.
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Kanaev, A. K., E. V. Oparin, and E. V. Oparina. "Entropic model of network dynamics of clocking network synchronization." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2131, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 042089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2131/4/042089.
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Abstract The main task of the clocking network synchronization (CNS) network subsystem is the formation, transmission, distribution and delivery of synchronization signals to the telecommunication system (TCS) digital equipment for the purpose of its coordinated interaction. Indicators of the telecommunication services quality are inextricably linked with the indicators of the CNS network functioning quality, in this regard, the process of monitoring and managing the CNS network comes to the fore for the purpose of prompt detection of failures and their subsequent elimination. The article provides an overview of the main classes of CNS network equipment and their diagnostic parameters, and also indicates the significant influence of the CNS network functioning process on the entire TCS functioning. To assess the technical condition of the CNS network an approach using the entropy analysis of the diagnostic parameters of the CNS network elements is proposed. The entropy model of the network dynamics is obtained in CNS work, which can later be used to develop a methodology for monitoring the technical condition of the CNS network. Using this model, it is possible to estimate not only the differential entropy of each CNS network element, but also to estimate the differential entropy of the entire CNS network or a separate fragment of the CNS network. Differential entropy parameters reflect the technical state of the CNS network.
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GUPTA, MOHIT, RAVI SHEKHAR, and JAGDISH K. SAHU. "ROLE OF DRUG DISCOVERY IN CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS: AN OVERVIEW." Current Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 3 (October 8, 2021): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24092/crps.2021.110302.
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Central nervous system (CNS) stimulants are drugs, which produce a response that could be used to alleviate a particular medical condition. These are the agents, which speed up to treat conditions characterized by lack of adrenergic stimulation, including narcolepsy and neonatal apnea. The majority of CNS stimulants is chemically similar to the neurohormone norepinephrine and simulates the traditional "fight or flight" syndrome associated with sympathetic nervous system arousal. A small figure of added members of the CNS stimulant class do not fall into definite chemical groups. The review on central nervous system stimulants gives detail study of CNS stimulant drugs, their mechanism of action and in vivo models of CNS stimulants. The brain is a delicate tissue, and advancement built very effective methods to guard it. Unfortunately, the same mechanisms that protect it against intrusive chemicals can also upset therapeutic interventions. Many current medications are rendered unsuccessful in the treatment of cerebral maladies due to our incapability to efficiently deliver and sustain them within the brain. KEYWORDS: CNS Stimulants, Blood brain barrier (BBB), Drug toxicity, Drug Safety
7
Wang, Xiangyu, Ruofan Wang, and Zizheng Zhang. "Numerical Analysis Method of Shear Properties of Infilled Joints under Constant Normal Stiffness Condition." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (August 1, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1642146.
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The direct shear test is implemented in this paper for infilled joints under constant normal stiffness (CNS) condition with the finite difference software FLAC3D. The CNS condition was performed based on a servoprogram developed by FISH language. The effects of initial normal stress, undulating angle, and infilled ratio on the shear failure mode of infilled joints under CNS are revealed based on numerical simulation. It is found that the shear strength of infilled joints will grow along with the increase of the undulating angle and the decrease of the infilled ratio. The numerical analysis method is also able to quantify the effect of multiple factors (initial normal stress and infilled ratio) on shear properties of infilled joints. The model shows a good agreement with the experimental results available in the literatures. Therefore, this study proposed and verified a numerical analysis method capable of studying the effects of normal stress, undulating angles, and infilled ratio on the shear behavior of infilled rock joints.
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Behl, Ajay, Lorie Ellis, Dominic Pilon, Patrick Lefebvre, and Nancy Ann Dawson. "Observation of CNS events in real-world use of enzalutamide (ENZ) and bicalutamide (BIC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 2_suppl (January 10, 2016): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.2_suppl.235.
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235 Background: TERRAIN, a randomized, double-blind, multi-center, phase II trial compared efficacy and safety of ENZ to BIC in men with mCRPC. Although ENZ and BIC fall within the same drug classification, rates of seizure and other central nervous system (CNS) events, observed in non-clinical trial populations have not been explored. The objective of this study was to compare rates of real world CNS events in patients treated with ENZ or BIC. Methods: Retrospective claims from Truven Health MarketScan database were used to identify patients with a PC diagnosis; ≥1 claim for ENZ or BIC (index date) after 9/1/2012; > 6 months of continuous eligibility prior to index date (baseline period) and no use of ENZ or BIC prior to index. Patients were followed until 12/2014 or loss to follow-up. Patients were excluded if they had a CNS condition or another cancer diagnosis during the baseline period. CNS conditions were defined as a diagnosis for amnesia or memory impairment, anxiety, ataxia, cognitive disorders, confusion, convulsions, disturbance in attention, dizziness, falls, fatigue/asthenia, hallucinations, headaches, insomnia, pain, paresthesia, seizures, weakness, or other CNS disorders. Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival curves were used to compare the KM rates of developing any CNS conditions between patients who initiated ENZ relative to patients who initiated BIC. A subgroup analysis of patients with metastatic disease was performed. Results: The table below compares the development of CNS conditions between ENZ and BIC patients. Conclusions: This study shows that rates of CNS events are significantly higher in patients initiating ENZ as compared to BIC, even when controlling for metastatic status. [Table: see text]
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Busechian, Sara, Luca Turini, Micaela Sgorbini, Camillo Pieramati, Lorenzo Pisello, Simona Orvieto, and Fabrizio Rueca. "Are Horse Owners Able to Estimate Their Animals’ Body Condition Score and Cresty Neck Score?" Veterinary Sciences 9, no. 10 (October 3, 2022): 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9100544.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Obesity and overconditioning are becoming more prevalent in horses, and are influencing the animal’s health, activity, and reproductive efficiency. Body condition score (BCS) and cresty neck score (CNS) have been correlated with the development of various diseases. Many of the papers in the literature evaluate the prevalence of obesity and overconditioning in horse populations considering BCS given by owners. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of the owners’ estimation of the degree of equine obesity or overconditioning by comparing BCS and CNS provided by each owner and a board-certified vet to a cohort of 259 horses and their agreement based on age, breed, sex, and activity of the animals. Overconditioning was present in 29% and 24% of horses according to the owners and the vet, respectively, and obesity in 2% and 1%, respectively. Agreement between BCS and CNS given by the owners and the vet was slight, with owners scoring horses either lower or higher than the vet. Agreement between the owners and the vet assessment was also influenced by age, breed, sex, and activity of the animals. Education of owners and caretakers to correctly assess BCS and CNS and regular evaluation of the animals throughout the year is important to prevent the development of obesity and overconditioning and related diseases.
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Weiner, Debra K., Angela Gentili, Katherine Coffey-Vega, Natalia Morone, Michelle Rossi, and Subashan Perera. "Biopsychosocial Profiles and Functional Correlates in Older Adults with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Preliminary Study." Pain Medicine 20, no. 7 (April 16, 2018): 1300–1310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pm/pny065.
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Abstract Objective To describe key peripheral and central nervous system (CNS) conditions in a group of older adults with chronic low back pain (CLBP) and their association with pain severity and self-reported and performance-based physical function. Design Cross-sectional. Setting Outpatient VA clinics. Subjects Forty-seven community-dwelling veterans with CLBP (age 68.0 ± 6.5 years, range = 60–88 years, 12.8% female, 66% white) participated. Methods Data were collected on peripheral pain generators—body mass index, American College of Rheumatology hip osteoarthritis criteria, neurogenic claudication (i.e., spinal stenosis), sacroiliac joint (SIJ) pain, myofascial pain, leg length discrepancy (LLD), and iliotibial band pain; and CNS pain generators—anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-9), insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index), maladaptive coping (Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire, Cognitive Strategies Questionnaire), and fibromyalgia (fibromyalgia survey). Outcomes were pain severity (0 to 10 scale, seven-day average and worst), self-reported pain interference (Roland Morris [RM] questionnaire), and gait speed. Results Approximately 96% had at least one peripheral CLBP contributor, 83% had at least one CNS contributor, and 80.9% had both peripheral and CNS contributors. Of the peripheral conditions, only SIJ pain and LLD were associated with outcomes. All of the CNS conditions and SIJ pain were related to RM score. Only depression/anxiety and LLD were associated with gait speed. Conclusions In this sample of older veterans, CLBP was a multifaceted condition. Both CNS and peripheral conditions were associated with self-reported and performance-based function. Additional investigation is required to determine the impact of treating these conditions on patient outcomes and health care utilization.
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Luk’yanova, I. S., I. Yu Gordienko, G. F. Medvedenko, G. O. Grebinichenko, and B. A. Tarasyuk. "Pathology of provisional organs, complications of pregnancy and labor, and the condition of newborn with congenital defects of the urinary and nervous systems." UKRAINIAN JOURNAL OF PERINATOLOGY AND PEDIATRICS, no. 3(91) (September 30, 2022): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/pp.2022.91.15.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Congenital malformations (CM) in fetuses and neonates belong to main causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Provision organs malformation and malfunction in such cohorts is less studied. The purpose - to analyze the course of pregnancy, the data of ultrasound imaging of provisional organs in the presence of CM of central nervous system (CNS) and/or of nephro-urinary system (NUS) in the fetus and newborn. Materials and methods. The results of prenatal and postnatal ultrasound, anamnestic and general clinical data of a sample of cases with prenatally diagnosed CM of CNS and/or NUS for the period 2017-2021 were analyzed. Results. There were 45 newborns with CNS malformations, and 54 newborns with CM of NUS. Malformations of NUS and/or CNS in the examined newborns were combined with anomalies of other systems in a third of cases - 29.6% and 31.1%, respectively. According to the results of prenatal ultrasound examinations, polyhydramnios (16.7%) was most often recorded in the pregnancies with fetal CM of NUS, and cases of fetal CM of CNS most commonly were registered placental hyperplasia (35.6%), fetal growth retardation (24.4%) and fetal distress (26.7%). Postnatally in both cohorts (with NUS malformations and with CNS malformations) a high rate of following complications were recorded: prematurity (16.7% and 15.6%, respectively), birth asphyxia (48% and 55.6%, respectively), and early neonatal death (11% and 6.6%). Сonclusions. Pregnant women with CM of CNS and/or NUS in the fetus belong to the group of high perinatal risk because of the high rate of perinatal complications. Information about the identified high perinatal risks in fetuses and newborns with CM of the CNS and/or NUS should be provided to parents and taken into account when planning management of pregnancy and labor.
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Wilson, Marc-Michel, David C. Henshall, Susan M. Byrne, and Gary P. Brennan. "CHD2-Related CNS Pathologies." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020588.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Epileptic encephalopathies (EE) are severe epilepsy syndromes characterized by multiple seizure types, developmental delay and even regression. This class of disorders are increasingly being identified as resulting from de novo genetic mutations including many identified mutations in the family of chromodomain helicase DNA binding (CHD) proteins. In particular, several de novo pathogenic mutations have been identified in the gene encoding chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 2 (CHD2), a member of the sucrose nonfermenting (SNF-2) protein family of epigenetic regulators. These mutations in the CHD2 gene are causative of early onset epileptic encephalopathy, abnormal brain function, and intellectual disability. Our understanding of the mechanisms by which modification or loss of CHD2 cause this condition remains poorly understood. Here, we review what is known and still to be elucidated as regards the structure and function of CHD2 and how its dysregulation leads to a highly variable range of phenotypic presentations.
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Wilson, Marc-Michel, David C. Henshall, Susan M. Byrne, and Gary P. Brennan. "CHD2-Related CNS Pathologies." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020588.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Epileptic encephalopathies (EE) are severe epilepsy syndromes characterized by multiple seizure types, developmental delay and even regression. This class of disorders are increasingly being identified as resulting from de novo genetic mutations including many identified mutations in the family of chromodomain helicase DNA binding (CHD) proteins. In particular, several de novo pathogenic mutations have been identified in the gene encoding chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 2 (CHD2), a member of the sucrose nonfermenting (SNF-2) protein family of epigenetic regulators. These mutations in the CHD2 gene are causative of early onset epileptic encephalopathy, abnormal brain function, and intellectual disability. Our understanding of the mechanisms by which modification or loss of CHD2 cause this condition remains poorly understood. Here, we review what is known and still to be elucidated as regards the structure and function of CHD2 and how its dysregulation leads to a highly variable range of phenotypic presentations.
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Sánchez Mainar, María, Stefan Weckx, and Frédéric Leroy. "Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Favor Conversion of Arginine into Ornithine despite a Widespread Genetic Potential for Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no. 24 (October 3, 2014): 7741–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02298-14.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACTWithin ecosystems that are poor in carbohydrates, alternative substrates such as arginine may be of importance to coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS). However, the versatility of arginine conversion in CNS remains largely uncharted. Therefore, a set of 86 strains belonging to 17 CNS species was screened for arginine deiminase (ADI), arginase, and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activities, in view of their ecological relevance. In fermented meats, for instance, ADI could improve bacterial competitiveness, whereas NOS may serve as an alternative nitrosomyoglobin generator to nitrate and nitrite curing. About 80% of the strains were able to convert arginine, but considerable inter- and intraspecies heterogeneity regarding the extent and mechanism of conversion was found. Overall, ADI was the most commonly employed pathway, resulting in mixtures of ornithine and small amounts of citrulline. Under aerobic conditions, which are more relevant for skin-associated CNS communities, several strains shifted toward arginase activity, leading to the production of ornithine and urea. The obtained data indeed suggest that arginase occurs relatively more in CNS isolates from a dairy environment, whereas ADI seems to be more abundant in strains from a fermented meat background. With some exceptions, a reasonable match between phenotypic ADI and arginase activity and the presence of the encoding genes (arcAandarg) was found. With respect to the NOS pathway, however, only one strain (Staphylococcus haemolyticusG110) displayed phenotypic NOS-like activity under aerobic conditions, despite a wide prevalence of the NOS-encoding gene (nos) among CNS. Hence, the group of CNS displays a strain- and condition-dependent toolbox of arginine-converting mechanisms with potential implications for competitiveness and functionality.
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Hall, Leanne M., Sandra Brauer, Fay Horak, and Paul W. Hodges. "Adaptive Changes in Anticipatory Postural Adjustments With Novel and Familiar Postural Supports." Journal of Neurophysiology 103, no. 2 (February 2010): 968–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00479.2009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) serve to stabilize posture prior to initiation of voluntary movement. This study examined the effects of changes in postural support on APAs using novel and familiar support paradigms. We also investigated whether postural strategies were refined with practice and how the CNS responded when multiple supports were available. Twelve healthy subjects stood on dual force platforms and performed 20 randomized left and right rapid leg-lift tasks in response to a visual cue under four conditions: unsupported, bilateral handgrip, bite plate, and a combined handgrip and bite plate condition. Vertical ground reaction forces, electromyography of limb, trunk and jaw muscles, and forces exerted on the support apparatus were recorded. Shift in center-of-pressure amplitude and duration were reduced with increased support. Muscles were recruited in advance of the focal movement when able to contribute to stability, and activity was modulated based on the amount of support available. The CNS adapted anticipatory postural strategies immediately with changes in condition regardless of familiarity with the support; however, adaptation was only complete at the first repetition in conditions that involved familiar support strategies. Tasks that involved a novel bite strategy continued to adapt with practice. In the multiple support condition, both hand and bite strategies were immediately incorporated; however, the contribution of each was not identical to conditions where supports were provided individually. This study emphasizes the flexibility of the CNS to organize postural strategies to meet the demands of postural stability in both familiar and novel situations.
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Sano, Renata, Alessandra Tessitore, Angela Ingrassia, and Alessandra d'Azzo. "Chemokine-induced recruitment of genetically modified bone marrow cells into the CNS of GM1-gangliosidosis mice corrects neuronal pathology." Blood 106, no. 7 (October 1, 2005): 2259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2005-03-1189.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractBone marrow cells (BMCs) could correct some pathologic conditions of the central nervous system (CNS) if these cells would effectively repopulate the brain. One such condition is GM1-gangliosidosis, a neurodegenerative glycosphingolipidosis due to deficiency of lysosomal β-galactosidase (β-gal). In this disease, abnormal build up of GM1-ganglioside in the endoplasmic reticulum of brain cells results in calcium imbalance, induction of an unfolded protein response (UPR), and neuronal apoptosis. These processes are accompanied by the activation/proliferation of microglia and the production of inflammatory cytokines. Here we demonstrate that local neuroinflammation promotes the selective activation of chemokines, such as stromal-cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), macrophage inflammatory protein 1-α (MIP-1α), and MIP-1β, which chemoattract genetically modified BMCs into the CNS. Mice that underwent bone marrow transplantation showed increased β-gal activity in different brain regions and reduced lysosomal storage. Decreased production of chemokines and effectors of the UPR as well as restoration of neurologic functions accompanied this phenotypic reversion. Our results suggest that β-gal-expressing bone marrow (BM)-derived cells selectively migrate to the CNS under a gradient of chemokines and become a source of correcting enzyme to deficient neurons. Thus, a disease condition such as GM1-gangliosidosis, which is characterized by neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation, may influence the response of the CNS to ex vivo gene therapy.
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Figueroa Rodriguez, Fernando, Kwon Minkyung, Sruthi Jinna, Sohail Farshad, and Francisco Davila. "Rheumatoid Meningoencephalitis: A Feared Condition in the Era of TNF Blockers." Case Reports in Rheumatology 2018 (December 16, 2018): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4610260.
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Central nervous system (CNS) involvement in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is uncommon, and most of the times, it is secondary to vasculitic processes or extra-articular rheumatoid nodules. Meningeal involvement is extremely rare. In the literature, there are a few case reports, series, and retrospective studies which have demonstrated the association of rheumatoid (aseptic) meningoencephalitis after starting tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors. We present a case of rheumatoid meningoencephalitis (RME) in a 52-year-old male with a history of RA on adalimumab who presented with headaches associated with motor and sensory deficits, all of which resolved after this diagnosis was achieved and received appropriate therapy with high-dose glucocorticoids. We also present an update with high yield points summarizing clinical features, diagnostic workup, and management of RME. Finally, we post a literature review of relevant CNS rheumatoid disease in patients with and without exposure to TNF inhibitors.
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Fry, Brian. "Using stable CNS isotopes to evaluate estuarine fisheries condition and health." Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies 49, no. 3 (August 20, 2013): 295–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10256016.2013.783830.
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Longo, Sara, Shanti Esmieu, Alice Pastorello, Katie Waine, Kerstin Baiker, and Giunio Bruto Cherubini. "Cryptococcosis with central nervous system involvement in a dog in the UK: a case report and review of the condition." Companion Animal 24, no. 8 (September 2, 2019): 414–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/coan.2019.0016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This case report describes the clinical presentation, diagnostic findings, treatment and outcome in a dog diagnosed with diffuse cryptococcosis with involvement of the central nervous system (CNS). This represents the fourth case of cryptococcosis with CNS involvement in dogs described in the UK. The dog presented with signs of multifocal brain disorder; investigations, including magnetic resonance imaging, cerebrospinal fluid analysis and serology, revealed cryptococcosis. As previously reported, despite treatment, in our case the outcome was extremely poor. Cryptococcosis is an opportunistic fungal disease distributed worldwide, which in dogs often causes disseminated disease with multi-organ involvement. Despite being rare in the UK, CNS cryptococcosis should be included as a possible differential diagnosis in healthy young to middle-aged dogs presenting with signs of diffuse, progressive central nervous system disease.
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Kuntz-Melcavage, Kara L., Willard M. Freeman, and Kent E. Vrana. "CNS Genes Implicated in Relapse." Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment 2 (January 2008): SART.S1042. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/sart.s1042.
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Drug abuse is a condition that impacts not only the individual drug user, but society as a whole. Although prevention of initial drug use is the most effective way to prevent addiction, avoiding relapse is a crucial component of drug addiction recovery. Recent studies suggest that there is a set of genes whose expression is robustly and stably altered following drug use and ensuing abstinence. Such stable changes in gene expression correlate with ultrastructural changes in brain as well as alterations in behavior. As persistent molecular changes, these genes may provide targets for the development of therapeutics. Developing a list of well-characterized candidate genes and examining the effect of manipulating these genes will contribute to the ultimate goal of developing effective treatments to prevent relapse to drug use.
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Ittiyavirah, Sibi P., and T. Rahees. "Evaluation of psychopharmacological activity of ethyl acetate extract of Sarcostema acidum (Roxb).voigt." Journal of Phytopharmacology 2, no. 5 (October 25, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2013.2501.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Herbal medicines are gaining growing interest because of their cost- effective, eco- friendly attributes and true relief from disease condition. Sarcostemma acidum was documented in many folklore practices for various psychiatric conditions. It has been dealt with in detail in “SHRUSHRUTHA SAMHITHA”. Ethyl Acetate Extract of the whole plant Sarcostemma acidum (EASA) was evaluated for psychopharmacological effects, Anti Psychotic, Anxiolytic and CNS inhibitory activity. Anti psychotic effects of EASA was assessed by Condition Avoidance Response and cataleptic Scoring test using pole climbing and Bar test respectively. Elevated Plus maze (EPM) and Hole Board Apparatus (HBA) was employed for the anxiolytic activity while Actophotometer was used to assess the CNS inhibitory activity. EASA (650mg/kg), Haloperidol (5mg/kg) and 1% CMC was administered to the test, standard and control group respectively for Antipsychotic activity, while For Anxiolytic and CNS depressant studies test, standard and control group receive EASA (650mg/kg), Diazepam (2mg/kg) and 1% CMC respectively. It was found that EASA significantly enhance the latency period to climb the pole and the cataleptic score which indicates its suppression on CAR activity, which clearly confirms its Anti Psychotic activity, might be due to blockade of dopaminergic pathway. It was observed that EASA at a dose of 650mg/kg significantly increases the no: of entries in to the open arm in EPM as well as no: of head poking in HBA, which reflects its increase in exploratory behaviour which indicates the anxiolytic activity. Reduction in the loco motor activity in actophotometer indicates CNS depressant property of the drug.
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Peeters, Marthe CM, Linda Dirven, Johan AF Koekkoek, Mattijs E. Numans, and Martin JB Taphoorn. "Prediagnostic presentations of glioma in primary care: a case–control study." CNS Oncology 8, no. 3 (November 1, 2019): CNS44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/cns-2019-0015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aim: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of symptoms glioma patients may present with to the general practitioner, and whether these can be distinguished from patients with other CNS disorders or any other condition. Methods: Glioma patients were matched to CNS patients and ‘other controls’ using anonymized general practitioner registries. Prevalences were evaluated in the 5 years prior to diagnosis. Result: CNS patients reported significantly more motor symptoms in the period 60–24 months, (p = 0.039). Moreover, <6 months before diagnosis CNS patients differed significantly in mood disorders/fear compared with ‘other controls’ (p = 0.012) but not glioma patients (p = 0.816). Conclusion: Glioma patients could not be distinguished from both control groups with respect to the number or type of prediagnostic symptoms.
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Setianingsih, Tutik, Danar Purwonugroho, and Yuniar Ponco Prananto. "Influence of Pyrolysis Parameters Using Microwave toward Structural Properties of ZnO/CNS Intermediate and Application of ZnCr2O4/CNS Final Product for Dark Degradation of Pesticide in Wet Paddy Soil." ChemEngineering 5, no. 3 (September 3, 2021): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering5030058.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pesticide is a pollution problem in agriculture. The usage of ZnCr2O4/CNS and H2O2 as additive in liquid fertilizer has potency for catalytic pesticide degradation. Colloid condition is needed for easy spraying. Rice husk and sawdust were used as carbon precursor and ZnCl2 as activator. The biomass–ZnCl2 mixtures were pyrolyzed using microwave (400–800 W, 50 min). The products were dispersed in water by blending then evaporated to obtain ZnO/CNS. The composites were reacted with KOH, CrCl3·6H2O, more ZnCl2, and little water by microwave (600 W, 5 min). The ZnCr2O4/CNS and H2O2 were used for degradation of buthylphenylmethyl carbamate (BPMC) in wet deactivated paddy soil. TOC was measured using TOC meter. The FTIR spectra of the ZnO/CNS composites indicated the completed carbonization except at 800 W without ZnCl2. The X-ray diffractograms of the composites confirmed ZnO/CNS structure. SEM images showed irregular particle shapes for using both biomass. ZnCr2O4/CNS structure was confirmed by XRD as the final product with crystallite size of 74.99 nm. The sawdust produced more stable colloids of CNS and ZnO/CNS composite than the rice husk. The pyrolysis without ZnCl2 formed more stable colloid than with ZnCl2. The ZnCr2O4/CNS from sawdust gave better dark catalytic degradation of BPMC than from rice husk, i.e., 2.5 and 1.6 times larger for 400 and 800 W pyrolysis, respectively.
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Mitchell-DiCenso, Alba, Gordon Guyatt, Michael Marrin, Ron Goeree, Andrew Willan, Doris Southwell, Sheila Hewson, et al. "A Controlled Trial of Nurse Practitioners in Neonatal Intensive Care." Pediatrics 98, no. 6 (December 1, 1996): 1143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.98.6.1143.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective. To compare a clinical nurse specialist/neonatal practitioner (CNS/NP) team with a pediatric resident team in the delivery of neonatal intensive care. Design. Randomized, controlled trial. Setting. A 33-bed tertiary-level neonatal intensive care unit. Patients. Of 821 infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit between September 1991 and September 1992, 414 were randomized to care by the CNS/NP team, and 407 were randomized to care by the pediatric resident team. Intervention. Infants assigned to the CNS/NP team were cared for by CNS/NPs during the day and by pediatric residents during the night. Infants assigned to the pediatric resident team were cared for by pediatric residents around the clock. Neonatologists supervised both teams. Measures. Outcome measures included mortality; number of neonatal complications; length of stay; quality of care, as assessed by a quantitative indicator condition approach; parent satisfaction with care, measured using the Neonatal Index of Parent Satisfaction; long-term outcomes, measured using the Minnesota Infant Development Inventory; and costs. Results. There were 19 (4.6%) deaths in the CNS/NP group and 24 (5.9%) in the resident group (relative risk [RR], 0.78; confidence interval [CI], 0.43 to 1.40). In the CNS/NP group, 230 (55.6%) neonates had complications, in comparison with 220 (54.1%) in the resident group (RR, 1.03; CI 0.91 to 1.16). Mean lengths of stay were 12.5 days in the CNS/NP group and 11.7 days in the resident group (difference in means, 0.8 days; CI, -1.1 to 2.7). The performance on the indicator conditions was comparable in the two groups except for two instances, jaundice and charting, both of which favored the CNS/NP group. Mean scores on the Neonatal Index of Parent Satisfaction were 140 in the CNS/NP group and 139 in the resident group (difference in means, 1.0; CI, -3.6 to 5.6). In the CNS/NP group, 6 (2.6%) infants performed 30% or more below their age level in the Minnesota Infant Development Inventory, in comparison with 2 (0.9%) in the resident group (RR, 2.87; CI, 0.59 to 14.06) The cost per infant in the CNS/NP group was $14 245 and in the resident group $13 267 (difference in means, $978; CI, -1303.18 to 3259.05). Conclusions. CNS/NP and resident teams are similar with respect to all tested measures of performance. These results support the use of CNS/NPs as an alternative to pediatric residents in delivering care to critically ill neonates.
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Courtin, E., JC Ouallet, E. Lazaro, M.-L. Martin-Negrier, F. Cohen-Aubart, and P. Duffau. "Isolated CNS Sarcoidosis Versus Systemic Sarcoidosis With CNS Involvement: A Same Disease?" Neurohospitalist 12, no. 2 (February 7, 2022): 290–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19418744211030416.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Neurological involvement occurs in 5 to 15% of patients with sarcoidosis. It rarely represents the sole manifestation of the disease, a condition called isolated neurosarcoidosis. Objectives: To describe patients with definite isolated central neurosarcoidosis. To compare their characteristics to a group of systemic sarcoidosis with central neurologic involvement. Methods: Monocentric retrospective study of all patients presenting with central neurosarcoidosis (NS) over a 10 year period, subsequently divided into 2 groups: isolated neurosarcoidosis (INS) and systemic neurosarcoidosis (SNS). Results: We report 10 cases of INS and subsequently, we compared their characteristics to a group of 30 patients with SNS. INS patients exhibited brain parenchymal involvement (8/10), meningeal disease (8/10), myelitis (3/10), cranial neuropathy (3/10), neuroendocrine impairment (1/10). Cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) analysis was conducted in 8/10 patients and showed pleocytosis in 6/8 (75%), elevated protein level in (4/8) 50%, oligoclonal intrathecal synthesis in 1/5 (20%). All patients received steroids, 7/10 (70%) required associated immunosuppressive therapy, 5 of which TNFα inhibitors. When compared to patients with SNS, INS patients were more likely to experience seizures (60% vs 23.3%); display encephalic parenchymal enhancing lesions (80% vs 39.3%) or encephalic leptomeningeal involvement (80% vs 35.7%). Serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) was elevated in a third of patients with SNS but none of those with INS. Conclusion: The phenotypes of patients with INS are similar to the ones described in SNS. Serum ACE should not be regarded as a diagnostic test in patients with isolated neurosarcoidosis but could be useful in detecting subclinical extra neurologic involvement during follow up.
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Le Morvan de Sequeira, Charlotte, Charlotte Hengstberger, Paul Enck, and Isabelle Mack. "Effect of Probiotics on Psychiatric Symptoms and Central Nervous System Functions in Human Health and Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Nutrients 14, no. 3 (January 30, 2022): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14030621.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: The gut microbiota impacts on central nervous system (CNS) function via the microbiota–gut–brain axis. Thus, therapeutics targeting the gut microbiota such as probiotics have the potential for improving mental health. This meta-analysis synthesizes the evidence regarding the impacts of probiotics on psychological well-being, psychiatric symptoms and CNS functioning. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were applied for executing this review using the databases PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library. The data were summarized at qualitative and quantitative level. Results: Fifty-four randomized placebo-controlled studies were included, of which 30 were eligible for meta-analysis. If investigated, the probiotics mostly exerted effects on CNS function. Most probiotics did not affect mood, stress, anxiety, depression and psychiatric distress when compared to placebo at the qualitative level. At quantitative level, depression and psychiatric distress improved slightly in the probiotic condition (depression: mean difference −0.37 (95% CI: −0.55, −0.20); p ≤ 0.0001; psychiatric distress: mean difference −0.33 (95% CI: −0.53, −0.13); p = 0.001). Conclusions: To date it is unclear to which extent and in which specific areas next generation probiotics selected and developed for their ability to improve psychiatric condition and potentially other CNS functions are promising.
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Parida, Amitav, Omar Abdel-Mannan, Kshitij Mankad, Katharine Foster, Sithara Ramdas, Dipak Ram, Despina Eleftheriou, Cheryl Hemingway, Yael Hacohen, and Evangeline Wassmer. "Isolated central nervous system familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (fHLH) presenting as a mimic of demyelination in children." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 28, no. 4 (October 27, 2021): 669–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13524585211053565.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Isolated central nervous system (CNS) presentations of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), traditionally a systemic inflammatory condition, have been reported in adults and children. We identified nine patients with a diagnosis of isolated CNS familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (fHLH) with symptom onset <18 years of age, and one asymptomatic sibling. Children with atypical chronic/recurrent CNS inflammation should be considered for immunological and genetic panel testing for fHLH even in the absence of any systemic inflammatory features. Despite haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) being a mainstay of treatment, treatment failure and high morbidity and mortality post-HSCT suggest that alternative immune therapies may be worth considering.
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Anderson, Sharon. "Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome of the Finnish Type in a Dominican Newborn: An Overview and Case Report." Neonatal Network 41, no. 2 (March 1, 2022): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/11-t-745.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type (CNS-FT) is a rare genetic condition that causes massive proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, hypercholesterolemia, and edema that progresses to end-stage renal disease. Symptoms may manifest in utero as fetal hydrops or during the first few days to months of life. This article shares the case of a Dominican infant who presented with CNS-FT. It provides a comprehensive overview of CNS-FT including the underlying genetic cause, prenatal and postnatal diagnostic testing options, and treatment recommendations. It walks the reader through the diagnostic and initial and longer-term management of this infant and provides patient outcome at 10 months of age.
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Shrestha, R., Shakya Shrestha, O. Millington, J. Brewer, and T. Bushell. "Immune Responses in Neurodegenerative Diseases." Kathmandu University Medical Journal 12, no. 1 (October 12, 2015): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v12i1.13646.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Neurodegenerative disease is a progressive loss of neurons from central nervous system and has a huge impact on health care system. Various causes have been proposed of which inflammation has been suggested to be a probable key factor in the most of such conditions. The involvement of immune cells including lymphocytes in such diseased condition of the CNS supports this notion. The effective therapy for these diseases has been sought for more than a half century but still lacking such therapy. On such basis this review article has mainly focussed on evidence of the involvement of immune cells in various neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s diseases and Multiple sclerosis and suggests a possible therapy of such diseased conditions of the CNS by the modulation of immune system.Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.12(1) 2014: 67-76
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Fragoso, Yara Dadalti, Tarso Adoni, Joseph Bruno Bidin Brooks, Sidney Gomes, Marcus Vinicius Magno Goncalves, Cassio Lemos Jovem, Andre Palma da Cunha Matta, et al. "Superficial siderosis of the central nervous system is a rare and possibly underdiagnosed disorder." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 75, no. 2 (February 2017): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20170001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Superficial siderosis (SS) of the central nervous system (CNS) is a rare and possibly underdiagnosed disorder resulting from chronic or intermittent bleeding into the subarachnoid space, leading to deposition of blood products in the subpial layers of the meninges. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows a characteristic curvilinear pattern of hypointensity on its blood-sensitive sequences. Methods Series of cases collected from Brazilian centers. Results We studied 13 cases of patients presenting with progressive histories of neurological dysfunction caused by SS-CNS. The most frequent clinical findings in these patients were progressive gait ataxia, hearing loss, hyperreflexia and cognitive dysfunction. The diagnoses of SS-CNS were made seven months to 30 years after the disease onset. Conclusion SS-CNS is a rare disease that may remain undiagnosed for long periods. Awareness of this condition is essential for the clinician.
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Del Principe, Maria Ilaria, Luca Maurillo, Francesco Buccisano, Giuseppe Sconocchia, Mariagiovanna Cefalo, Giovanna De Santis, Ambra Di Veroli, et al. "CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INVOLVEMENT IN ADULT ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA: DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS, PROPHYLAXIS AND THERAPY." Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases 6, no. 1 (November 1, 2014): e2014075. http://dx.doi.org/10.4084/mjhid.2014.075.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), Central Nervous System (CNS) involvement is associated with a very poor prognosis. The diagnostic assessment of this condition relies on the use of neuroradiology, conventional cytology (CC) and flow cytometry (FCM). Among these approaches, which is the gold standard it is still a matter of debate. Neuroradiology and CC have a limited sensitivity with a higher rate of false negative results. FCM demonstrated a superior sensitivity over CC, particularly when low levels of CNS infiltrating cells are present. Although prospective studies of large series of patients are still awaited, a positive finding by FCM appears to anticipate an adverse outcome even if CC shows no infiltration. Current strategies for adult ALL CNS-directed prophylaxis or therapy involve systemic and intrathecal chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Actually, early and frequent intrathecal injection of cytostatic combined with systemic chemotherapy is the most effective strategy to reduce the frequency of CNS involvement. In patients with CNS overt ALL, at diagnosis or upon relapse, allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation might be considered. This review will discuss risk factors, diagnostic techniques for identification of CNS infiltration and modalities of prophylaxis and therapy to manage it.
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Larochelle, Catherine, Imke Metz, Marc-André Lécuyer, Simone Terouz, Michel Roger, Nathalie Arbour, Wolfgang Brück, and Alexandre Prat. "Immunological and pathological characterization of fatal rebound MS activity following natalizumab withdrawal." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 23, no. 1 (July 11, 2016): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458516641775.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Severe rebound multiple sclerosis (MS) activity is a life-threatening complication of natalizumab (NTZ) withdrawal, for which pathogenesis and treatment are still unclear. We report the immunological and pathological characterization of a case of central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory demyelination after NTZ discontinuation. Objective: To understand the pathophysiology of this neuroinflammatory condition. Methods: Antemortem blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis was compared with postmortem pathological studies, as well as with novel flow cytometry characterization of immune cells isolated from the CNS parenchyma. Results: Pathological analysis of the brain revealed the presence of innumerable active inflammatory demyelinating lesions typical of immunopathological pattern II. Monocytes/macrophages and B cells were enriched in the CNS parenchyma compared to the CSF. Numerous plasma cells were present in the lesions, but CD8 T lymphocytes were predominant in the parenchyma, as opposed to CD4 in the CSF. CNS-infiltrating lymphocytes expressed high levels of adhesion molecules, granzyme B (GzB), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and interleukin (IL)-17. Conclusions: Our results underline the differences in immune cell populations between the CSF and the CNS parenchyma, and suggest that aggressive immunosuppressive therapy targeting both T and B lymphocytes is warranted to control the overwhelming CNS inflammation.
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Sakalecha, Anil Kumar, Parameshwar Keerthi B H, Varun S, and Shivaprasad G Savagave. "Re-Print: An Interesting Case of Disseminated Tuberculoma of Brain and Spinal Cord Type of Study: Case Report." Biomedical Research and Clinical Reviews 5, no. 1 (October 29, 2021): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2692-9406/083.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tuberculosis is an important public problem worldwide from 19th century. Manifestations of tuberculosis widely classified as pulmonary and extra pulmonary manifestations. Central nervous system (CNS) tuberculosis is a serious condition where patients most often present with seizure. Tuberculoma is one of the CNS manifestations of tuberculosis. The imaging feature of tuberculoma is ring enhancing lesions. Tuberculoma should be differentiated from other diseases with ring enhancing lesions like neurocysticercosis, coccidiomycosis, toxoplasmosis and malignancies.
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Garcia-Carretero, Rafael. "Clinical Features and Predictors for Mortality in Neurolisteriosis: An Administrative Data-Based Study." Bacteria 1, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bacteria1010002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Listeriosis is an uncommon and potentially severe zoonotic bacterial infection that usually occurs in outbreaks instead of isolated cases. In recent years, there has been an increase in the incidence of this disease. One of the most severe of its complications involves the central nervous system (CNS) in a condition known as neurolisteriosis. Here, we describe the demographic and clinical features of patients presenting with neurolisteriosis between 2001 and 2015 using administrative data and attempt to identify potential predictors for mortality. We used the Spanish Minimum Basic Data Set at Hospitalization, a compulsory registry that collects data from clinical discharge reports. Up to 2015, data were coded based on the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, so we used diagnoses and clinical conditions based on these codes. Age, sex, clinical presentation, mortality, and involvement of the CNS were identified. Using algorithms to aggregate data, variables such as immunosuppression and malignant disease were obtained. We analyzed correlations among clinical features and identified risk factors for morbidity and mortality. Between 2001 and 2015 we identified 5180 individuals, with a hospitalization rate of 0.76 per 100,000 population. Most (94%) were adults, and only 5.4% were pregnant women. The average age was 66 years. Neurological involvement was present in 2313 patients (44.7%), mostly meningitis (90.4%). Global mortality was 17%, but mortality in CNS infections was 19.2%. Age, severe sepsis, chronic liver disease, chronic kidney disease, and malignancy were the main risk factors for mortality in patients with CNS infections by Listeria monocytogenes. Although it is uncommon, neurolisteriosis can be a severe condition, associated with a high rate of mortality. Health care providers should be aware of potential sources of infection so that appropriate measures can be taken to prevent it.
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Cronin, Elaine Anne. "Actinomycosis: a case report of two patients treated for the condition who required stoma formation." British Journal of Nursing 30, no. 16 (September 9, 2021): S32—S37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2021.30.16.s32.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Actinomycosis is a rare bacterial condition that is seen infrequently and no studies have examined its prevalence or incidence globally. The author, a stoma care clinical nurse specialist (CNS), found herself caring for two such patients 3 weeks apart, both of whom were diagnosed with pelvic actinomycosis. Both patients had been fitted with copper intrauterine devices (IUDs) 10 years previously and were not aware that leaving IUDs in situ for a prolonged period increased their risk of infection. This article gives an overview of the condition, with discussion around the two patients the author cared for within her own specialty; not all aspects of the condition are included as the she has no clinical experience in microbiology and is not a gynaecological CNS. The case studies show how both women presented and were treated, with interventions including emergency surgery, long-term antibiotic therapy and stoma formation. Pelvic actinomycosis is often associated with the use of an IUD, and greater awareness about the risk of leaving IUDs in situ for prolonged periods is needed among gastrointestinal, colorectal and gynaecological practitioners.
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Benedetti, E., L. Cristiano, A. Antonosante, M. d'Angelo, B. d'Angelo, S. Selli, V. Castelli, R. Ippoliti, A. Giordano, and A. Cimini. "PPARs in Neurodegenerative and Neuroinflammatory Pathways." Current Alzheimer Research 15, no. 4 (February 22, 2018): 336–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205014666170517150037.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: PPARs are lipid sensors activated by dietary lipids or their metabolites, mainly fatty acids and eicosanoids, that play critical roles in CNS biology, since brain has a very high lipid content and has the higher energetic metabolism in the body. Methods: In neurodegenerative diseases in addition to metabolic impairment, also neuroinflammation is observed and PPARs are also closely linked to inflammatory processes. Several studies have revealed a complicated relationship between the innate immune response and tissue metabolism. Results: In the brain, during pathological conditions, an alteration in metabolic status occurs, particularly involving glucose utilization and production, a condition which is generally related to metabolic changes. Conclusion: Taking into account the high expression of PPARs in the brain, this review will focus on the role of these transcription factors in CNS diseases.
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Levchenkova, O. S., V. E. Novikov, Yu S. Korneva, A. E. Dorosevich, and E. A. Parfenov. "The combined preconditioning reduces the influence of cerebral ischemia on CNS morphofunctional condition." Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine 171, no. 4 (2021): 507–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47056/0365-9615-2021-171-4-507-512.
Повний текст джерела
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Ösby, E., H. Hagberg, S. Kvalöy, L. Teerenhovi, H. Anderson, E. Cavallin-Ståhl, H. Holte, et al. "Incidence and Risk Factors for Central Nervous System Manifestation in Elderly Patients with Aggressive Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 3333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.3333.3333.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Introduction: Manifestation of central nervous system (CNS) disease in patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) during or after first line treatment is often a devastating condition, which is associated with a poor prognosis. There is today no general consensus regarding prophylactic treatment in this patient category, particularly in the elderly. The aim of this study was to define the incidence and risk factors for CNS manifestation in a large cohort of elderly (>60 years) patients with aggressive NHL and no CNS disease at diagnosis. Patients and methods: This Nordic study included a total of 455 previously untreated patients with advanced (stage II–IV) aggressive NHL without CNS involvement at diagnosis (Blood2003;101:3840). The vast majority had diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Patients (median age, 71 years; range, 60–86 years) were randomised to receive CHOP (doxorubicin 50 mg/m2) or CNOP (mitoxantrone 10 mg/m2) with or without G-CSF (5 microg/kg from day 2 until day 10–14 of each cycle every 3 weeks; 8 cycles). Intrathecal methotrexate was given as prophylaxis to patients with lymphoma bone marrow involvement and in patients with testicular, orbital, sinus and epidural sites of presentation. Results: At this time point information is available for 441/455 patients. After a median observation time of 113 months in surviving patients 30/441 (6.8%) developed CNS disease. Advanced stage (p=0.004) and a high age-adjusted International Prognostic Index (IPI; p=0.034) were associated with an increased risk of CNS disease. Age, sex, performance status, bone marrow involvement/extranodal disease, serum lactate dehydrogenase level, or treatment received were not related to the risk of CNS manifestation. All patients with CNS disease were dead at follow-up. Conclusion: A significant proportion of elderly patients with advanced aggressive NHL and no CNS manifestation at diagnosis develop CNS disease despite prophylactic measures in clinically defined high-risk patients. CNS occurrence is related to clinical stage and age-adjusted IPI. The prognosis of elderly aggressive NHL patients with CNS manifestation is poor.
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Alnaami, Ibrahim, and Zubaidah Alahmari. "Intrathecal/Intraventricular Colistin for Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterial CNS Infections in Pediatric Population: A Systematic Review." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 7, no. 3 (March 3, 2022): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7030041.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Central nervous system (CNS) infections constitute a life-threatening condition, especially in children. Treatment limitations exist for drug-resistant CNS bacterial infections. Inadequate CNS penetration and intravenous (IV) antibiotic treatment failure represent a major clinical challenge. However, patients with antibiotic-resistant bacterial CNS infections may benefit from intrathecal (IT) or intraventricular (IVT) colistin. The authors aimed to assess the safety and effectiveness of IT/IVT colistin therapy in the pediatric population, with or without other antibiotics, for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant CNS infections. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the electronic databases of PubMed, Ovid, and Embase for relevant articles using the following terms: “Colistin”, “CNS infection”, and “Outcome”, as well as their combinations. The retrieved articles were filtered by age (Child), language (English), route of administration (IT/IVT), and species (Humans). The present systematic review comprised 20 articles that included 31 children (19; 61.2% were boys) with multidrug-resistant CNS infection. Their ages ranged from less than one month to 18 years (median: 9 months). Acinetobacter baumannii was the main causative organism in 22 patients (70.9%), and infection occurred mainly after neurosurgical interventions (83.8%). An external ventricular drain was inserted to administer colistin into the ventricular system in 29 cases (93.5%). The median duration for colistin therapy was 18 days. Twenty-three patients (74%) recovered, while five patients (16%) had residual disability, and three patients (10%) died. The authors concluded that IT/IVT colistin therapy is safe and effective as either the primary or adjunct treatment for antibiotic-resistant cases with CNS infection.
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Jin, Dongkwan, and Juliana Gomez. "A case report of an immunocompetent patient with Coccidioides meningoencephalitis with atypical brain magnetic resonance imaging findings during a 1 year follow-up." Southwest Respiratory and Critical Care Chronicles 7, no. 28 (April 19, 2019): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12746/swrccc.v7i28.542.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Coccidioides meningoencephalitis is a central nervous system (CNS) fungal infection withCoccidioides species which can lead to various CNS complications, such as hydrocephalus,vasculitis, and stroke. Most cases reported with Coccidioides meningoencephalitis were inimmunocompromised patients, and the radiologic characteristics on this condition are not wellestablished. Here we report a case of Coccidioides meningoencephalitis in an immunocompetentpatient with one-year follow-up brain magnetic resonance image (MRI) studies after successfultreatment with antifungal drugs. The MRI demonstrated subcortical parenchymal lesions,selectively involving the white matter, and persistent meningeal enhancement.
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Petrashenko, Viktoria A., Andrii M. Loboda, Olexandr I. Smiyan, Sergii V. Popov, Svetlana N. Kasyan, Igor E. Zaitsev, and Elena K. Redko. "LABORATORY CRITERIA OF PERINATAL DAMAGE OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AT PREMATURE NEWBORNS." Wiadomości Lekarskie 72, no. 8 (2019): 1512–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek201908118.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction: Fetal and neonatal hypoxia takes a special place among the damaging factors of central nervous system (CNS). All forms of oxygen deficiency are accompanied by the development of bioenergetic hypoxia, which leads to tension of metabolic processes of the organism. Metabolic effect of hypoxia includes stark reduce of mitochondrial activity due to a significant inhibition enzymes of the Krebs cycle: succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). In newborn babies is not always possible to objectively assess the condition of the CNS defeat, because very often the severity of lesions does not correspond to clinical symptoms, especially in premature newborns. So far determination the severity of hypoxic-ischemic CNS lesions is still very actual in modern medicine. More objective method of such an assessment is determine the activity of neurospecific enolase (NSE). The aim of the paper is to increase the efficiency of diagnosis of hypoxic CNS lesions in premature infants by determining the activity of NSE and study energy supply during the neonatal period. Materials and methods: The concentration of NSE, SDH and LDH were determined in 15 conventionally healthy preterm infants (CHPI), which made the comparison group, and 64 premature babies with hypoxic-ischemic CNS lesions, which were divided into three groups: I group – 26 premature children with mild CNS lesions; II group – 20 premature children with severe hypoxic lesions and low birth weight; III group – 18 premature newborns with severe damage of central nervous system and extremely low birth weight. NSE activity was determined by enzyme immunoassay using reagents of the company «Fujirebio» (Sweden) on an automatic analyzer «Multiscan Plus» company «Labsystems» (Finland). Material for investigation was peripheral venous blood of newborns, which collected by vein punction at morning on an empty stomach. Results and conclusions: Metabolic effect of hypoxia in premature infants manifested by severe inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory activity, which appears in the reduction of aerobic enzyme activity of SDH and activation serum LDH. During the neonatal period in infants with perinatal hypoxic- ischemic lesions of the CNS levels of the of NSE, SDH and LDG aren’t normalized, that indicated on energy deficiency and requires the development of effective methods of correcting this condition. Perinatal hypoxia in premature neonates causes significant alteration of neuronal membranes and increase concentration in blood such neurospecific protein as NSE, whose concentration correlates with the degree of severity of CNS injury.
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Badke, Guilherme Lellis, Guilherme Brasileiro de Aguiar, João Miguel de Almeida Silva, Aline Lariessy Campos Paiva, Eduardo Urbano da Silva, and José Carlos Esteves Veiga. "Cerebral Metastasis from Breast Cancer in a Male Patient with HIV." Case Reports in Neurological Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/482839.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Context. Breast cancer (BC) in men is a rare condition, corresponding to 1% of all neoplasms in this gender. Some studies show that up to 93% of BC cases in men are advanced disease. If its occurrence constitutes an uncommon fact, the appearance of a metastasis to the central nervous system (CNS) is extremely rare. The objective of the present study is to present the case of a male patient, bearer of HIV infection, who presented with BC and later metastasis to the CNS. We also include a brief review of the literature.Case Report. We describe a case of a male patient, 59 years old, with HIV infection and a history of BC treated 4 years earlier, which progressed into headache and vertigo. Neuroimaging exams showed lesions suggestive of cerebral metastasis and a stereotaxic biopsy confirmed BC metastasis.Conclusion. Breast cancer in men with metastasis to the CNS is a rare condition and similar reports were not found in the available databases. It should be pointed out that even though rare, it should be considered among the differential diagnoses for SNC metastases in men, although HIV infection favors the appearance of some types of cancer.
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Wu, Jianqing, and Ping Zha. "A Cancer Theory: The Central Nervous System’s Adaptive Changes Make Chronic Diseases Incurable." Journal Of Colon And Rectal Cancer 1, no. 3 (March 28, 2022): 38–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2471-7061.jcrc-22-4139.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We examined special roles of the Central Nervous System (CNS) in an attempt to resolve the puzzle that chronic diseases cannot be cured in medicine. By exploring a skill-learning model, we found that the CNS is able to remember certain information reflecting biochemical and cellular (B&C) processes in the body. From the skill-using ability, we found that the CNS is able to control basic B&C processes that drive and power the skill. From the ability to adjust forces and moving direction of body parts, we infer that the CNS is able to adjust B&C processes that control physical acts. From this controlling capability, we inferred that the CNS must also store certain information on the baseline B&C processes, is able to up-regulate or down-regulate the B&C processes, and make comparisons in performing its regulatory functions. We found that chronic diseases are the results of deviated baseline B&C processes, the CNS plays a role in maintaining deviated baseline B&C processes, and protects the body state of a fully developed disease. The three CNS roles can explain that cancer progresses with increasing malignancy, cancer quickly returns after a surgery, cancer cells repopulate after chemotherapy and radiotherapy, cancer patients develop drug resistance inevitably, immune cells rebound after suppression, etc. We further showed that long-term exercises generally can correct part of the departures in B&C processes and thus help to reverse chronic diseases. Finally, we propose strategies for resetting the CNS’ state memory as an essential condition for curing chronic diseases and cancer.
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Ferreri, Andrés J. M. "How I treat primary CNS lymphoma." Blood 118, no. 3 (July 21, 2011): 510–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2011-03-321349.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare malignancy with peculiar clinical and biologic features, aggressive course, and unsatisfactory outcome. It represents a challenge for multidisciplinary clinicians and scientists as therapeutic progress is inhibited by several issues. Molecular and biologic knowledge is incomplete, limiting the identification of new therapeutic targets, and the particular microenvironment of this malignancy, and sanctuary sites where tumor cells grow undisturbed, strongly affects treatment efficacy. Moreover, active treatments are known to be associated with disabling neurotoxicity, posing the dilemma of whether to intensify therapy to improve the cure rate or to de-escalate treatment to avoid sequels. The execution of prospective trials is also difficult because of the rarity of the tumor and the impaired general condition and poor performance status of patients. Thus, level of evidence is low, with consequent uncertainties in therapeutic decisions and lack of consensus on primary endpoints for future trials. Despite this unfavorable background, laboratory and clinical researchers are coordinating efforts to develop new ideas, resulting in the recent publication of studies on PCNSL's biology and molecular mechanisms and of the first international randomized trials. Herein, these important contributions are analyzed to provide recommendations for everyday practice and the rationale for future trials.
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МАУКАЕВА, С. Б., С. С. КАРИМОВА, Г. И. НУРАЛИНОВА, Ж. Б. ИСАБЕКОВА, Н. К. КУДАЙБЕРГЕНОВА, Б. К. ЕРСАХАНОВА, and М. Ж. ТОЛЕУХАНОВ. "CLINICAL CASE OF COMORBID CNS LESION IN HIV INFECTION." Farmaciâ Kazahstana, no. 4 (September 16, 2022): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.53511/pharmkaz.2022.43.47.013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Больные с ВИЧ/СПИД встречаются в практике работы врача многопрофильного стационара нередко, причем в отличие от амбулаторной практики преимущественно в поздней стадии заболевания, с выраженными клиническими проявлениями, обусловленными оппортунистическими инфекциями. Многообразие клинических проявлений ВИЧ/СПИД и сходство с различными заболеваниями приводит у таких больных к длительному сложному диагностическому процессу, ошибочным диагнозам. Коморбидные состояния, то есть сочетания двух или нескольких, протекающих одновременно заболеваний, характерны для многих хронических патологических процессов, особенно в зрелом и пожилом возрасте. По ряду причин особое место в формировании этих состояний занимает ВИЧ-инфекция в сочетании с другими инфекционными и неинфекционными болезнями. Необходимо отметить, что одновременное протекание сопутствующих патологических процессов, заболеваний и состояний имеет свои определенные закономерности и проявления: они могут развиваться с различной частотой, протекать с более или менее выраженной тяжестью клинических проявлений. В данной статье представлен летальный случай пациентки от ВИЧ инфекции 3-4 стадии и коморбидного состояния. Patients with HIV/AIDS is often found in the practice of a multidisciplinary hospital doctor, and unlike outpatient practice, mainly in the late stage of the disease, with pronounced clinical manifestations due to opportunistic infections. The variety of clinical manifestations of HIV/AIDS and the similarity with various diseases leads in such patients to a long complex diagnostic process, erroneous diagnoses. Comorbid conditions, that is, combinations of two or more diseases occurring simultaneously, are characteristic of many chronic pathological processes, especially in adulthood and old age. For a number of reasons, HIV infection in combination with other infectious and non-communicable diseases occupies a special place in the formation of these conditions. It should be noted that the simultaneous course of concomitant pathological processes, diseases and conditions has its own specific patterns and manifestations: they can develop with different frequency, occur with more or less pronounced severity of clinical manifestations. This article presents a fatal case of a patient from stage 3-4 HIV infection and a comorbid condition.
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Pittet, Camille, Igal Ifergan, Alexandre Prat, and Nathalie Arbour. "Role of PD-L1/PD-L2 expression by human brain endothelial cells in regulating T cell responses in the context of Multiple Sclerosis. (44.6)." Journal of Immunology 186, no. 1_Supplement (April 1, 2011): 44.6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.186.supp.44.6.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract T lymphocytes have been implicated in the CNS injury observed in Multiple Sclerosis (MS), an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Engagement of Programmed Death-1 (PD-1), expressed on activated T cells, by its ligands (PD-L1 or PD-L2) suppresses T cell responses. We have previously shown that PD-L1 is upregulated on human CNS glial cells upon inflammation both in vitro and in MS lesions. We observed that several infiltrating CD8 T cells are devoid of PD-1 in MS lesions. Whether human brain endothelial cells (HBECs) which sit at the CNS entrance also express PD-L1 or PD-L2 and thereby block PD-1+ cells migration into CNS has not been established. We assess the expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 by HBECs and establish its impact on immune responses. Under basal condition, PD-L2 is already highly expressed by HBECs, while PD-L1 is not detected. After stimulation with pro-inflammatory cytokines mimicking MS CNS environment, both proteins are significantly upregulated to similar levels. Blocking PD-L1/2 on HBECs leads to enhanced alloreactive CD4 and CD8 T cell responses in coculture assays and increased migration of CD4 and CD8 T cells using an in vitro model of the blood brain barrier. Our results show that PD-L1 and PD-L2 are both expressed by HBECs upon pro-inflammatory stimuli, and that HBECs-provided PD-L1/2 molecules have a role in dampening T cell responses, as well as in blocking T cell migration into the CNS.
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Morse, M., J. Savitch, F. Balis, J. Miser, J. Feusner, G. Reaman, D. Poplack, and A. Bleyer. "Altered central nervous system pharmacology of methotrexate in childhood leukemia: another sign of meningeal relapse." Journal of Clinical Oncology 3, no. 1 (January 1985): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1985.3.1.19.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
CSF and plasma antifolate concentrations during 257 intravenous (IV) infusions of high-dose methotrexate were measured in 60 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In 49 children who have never had evidence for CNS leukemia, the mean steady-state CSF to plasma methotrexate ratio was 0.013 (SD = 0.01). In contrast, 11 children with overt meningeal leukemia had a 12-fold higher mean ratio of 0.157 (range, 0.013 to 0.844, p less than .01). In the group of patients studied, all of those with a CSF methotrexate concentration greater than 2 SD above the mean either had leukemic cells in the CSF or subsequently developed this condition. In two patients, overt CNS leukemia was preceded by a high CSF:plasma drug ratio at a time when there was no cytologic or clinical evidence for CNS leukemia. As previously observed with intrathecal methotrexate, we conclude that overt meningeal leukemia increases CSF drug concentrations during IV methotrexate therapy. An elevated CSF to plasma ratio may be useful to predict imminent CNS relapse or to verify completeness of response to therapy.
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Del Principe, Maria Ilaria, Francesco Buccisano, Stefano Soddu, Luca Maurillo, Mariagiovanna Cefalo, Alfonso Piciocchi, Giovangiacinto Paterno, et al. "Pattern of Central Nervous System (CNS) Involvement in Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and Its Impact on Outcome." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 2789. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.2789.2789.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Background Routine diagnostic lumbar puncture is not recommended in adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) without Central Nervous System (CNS) symptoms and little is known about the incidence of CNS involvement and its impact on survival in these patients. Furthermore, several studies have demonstrated that flow cytometry (FCM) is superior to conventional cytology (CC) for detection of CNS involvement in lymphoproliferative disorders but the role of this approach for the investigation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in AML is unknown. Design and Methods The aims of our study were 1) to determine the incidence of occult/manifest CNS disease in a homogenous series of AML patients; 2) to correlate CNS disease with clinico-biologic parameters; 3) to examine the impact of CNS involvement on outcome. CSF samples were collected from 98 newly diagnosed AML patients, 62 males and 36 females, median age 53 years (range 18-75). Sixty-five and 33 patients aged <60 and>60 years, respectively.Seventy-one patients received standard and 22 high-dose-ARA-C-based regimens, 5 supportive care. All of 98 CSF samples were examined by CC whereas 90 (91%) also by FCM. CC positivity was defined as unequivocal morphologic evidence of leukemic blast in CSF and/or white blood cells count (WBCc) ≥ 5/µl with less than 10 erythrocytes/µl. A cluster of at least 10 phenotypically abnormal events was regarded as a proof of FCM positivity. Results Sixty-seven patients were CNS negative (CNS-) while thirty-one (31%) were CNS positive (CNS+). Among the last, 10 (10%) were positive on both CC and FCM (manifest CNS+) and 21 (21%) only on FCM (occult CNS+). There was an equal male/female distribution among CNS- and CNS+ patients, as well as median age (52 years, range, 20-71, vs 56 years, range, 18-75, p=NS) and WBCc(27.5 x109/L, range, 1,20-223 x109/L, vs. 11,6 x109/L, range, 0,70-315 x109/L, p= NS) were similar in both groups. Instead, higher levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were observed among CNS+ than CNS- patients (p=. 01). Forty-seven patients (48%) had monoblastic/monocytic or myelomonocytic AML and belonging to one of these categories was significantly associated with a condition of CNS positivity (55% vs 45%, P = 002). Cytogenetic/genetic data were available in 82/98 (84%). Twenty-for patients (29%), 33 (39%), 12 (14%) and 12 (14%), belonged to the category of favorable, intermediate-I, intermediate-II, and adverse karyotype, respectively. Cytogenetic/genetic characteristics did not differed significantly between CNS+ and CNS- patients. Overall, response rate was 70%, with complete remission rate being not statistically different between CNS+ and CNS- patients (69% vs 81% p= NS). Five-year DFS and OS were found to be significantly shorter in occult or manifest CNS+ patients than in those CNS- (23% vs 50% p= .03 and 19% vs 46%, p=.02, respectively)(Figure 1A and 1B). The prognostic variables achieving a statistical significance in univariate analysis (CNS status, age , WBCc, favorable vs adverse karyotype) were challenged in a multivariate model to determine to what extent they affected treatment outcome. In multivariate analysis, CNS positivity was found to be independently and significantly associated with a shorter duration of DFS.(p=.03 HR= 0.46). Age >50 years was found to be the only independent prognostic factor affecting OS (p=.01 HR= 2.26). Conclusion Our data suggest that incidence of CNS involvement in newly diagnosed AML pts is higher than expected. Regardless of neurologic symptoms, manifest and occult CNS positivity should always be sought at diagnosis since it may affect outcome and influence therapeutic decision. Further prospective studies on larger series are warranted to confirm this data. Figure 1 DFS and OS based on CNS status Figure 1. DFS and OS based on CNS status Disclosures Lo Coco: Teva: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Lundbeck: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Consultancy; Baxalta: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy.
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Siddiqui, Shaista, Shazia Naaz, Mehtab Ahmad, Zafar Ahmad Khan, Shagufta Wahab, and Basmah Abdur Rashid. "Encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis: A case report with review of literature." Neuroradiology Journal 30, no. 6 (July 14, 2017): 578–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1971400917693638.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis (ECCL) or Haberland syndrome is an uncommon sporadic neurocutaneous syndrome of unknown origin. The rarity and common ignorance of the condition often makes diagnosis difficult. The hallmark of this syndrome is the triad of skin, ocular and central nervous system (CNS) involvement and includes a long list of combination of conditions. Herein we report a case of a 5-month-old male child who presented to our centre with complaint of seizure. The patient had various cutaneous and ocular stigmatas of the disease in the form of patchy alopecia of the scalp, right-sided limbal dermoid and a nodular skin tag near the lateral canthus of the right eye. MRI of the brain was conducted which revealed intracranial lipoma and arachnoid cyst. The constellation of signs and symptoms along with the skin, ocular and CNS findings led to the diagnosis of ECCL.
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Beppu, Takaaki, Takashi Inoue, Hideaki Nishimoto, Shinichi Nakamura, Yoichi Nakazato, Kuniaki Ogasawara, and Akira Ogawa. "Primary granulomatous angiitis of the central nervous system: findings of magnetic resonance spectroscopy and fractional anisotropy in diffusion tensor imaging prior to surgery." Journal of Neurosurgery 107, no. 4 (October 2007): 873–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns-07/10/0873.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
✓Primary granulomatous angiitis of the central nervous system (CNS) is extremely rare. Its preoperative diagnosis is difficult as the condition displays nonspecific features on routine neuroimaging investigations. In this paper, the authors report findings of magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy and fractional anisotropy (FA) with diffusion tensor MR imaging in a case of granulomatous angiitis of the CNS. A 30-year-old man presented with morning headaches and grand mal seizures. An MR image revealed a mass resembling glioblastoma in the right temporal lobe. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed a high choline/creatine (Cho/Cr) ratio indicative of a malignant neoplasm, accompanied by a slight elevation of glutamate and glutamine. The FA value was very low, which is inconsistent with malignant glioma. The mass was totally removed surgically. Histologically, the peripheral lesion of the mass consisted of a rough accumulation of fat granule cells, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and distribution of capillary vessels. Some vessels within the lesion were replaced by granulomas. The histological diagnosis was granulomatous angiitis of the CNS. The MIB-1–positive rate of the granuloma was approximately 5%. Both MR spectroscopy and FA were unable to accurately diagnose granulomatous angiitis of the CNS prior to surgery; however, elevated Cho/Cr and glutamate and glutamine shown by MR spectroscopy may indicate the moderate proliferation potential of the granuloma and the inflammatory process, respectively, in this condition. Although the low FA value in the present case enabled the authors to rule out a diagnosis of glioblastoma, FA values in inflammatory lesions require careful interpretation.