Статті в журналах: "CMTKG"

1

Meena, Jagram, Harish Chandra, and Sudhir G. Warkar. "Carboxymethyl Tamarind Kernel Gum /ZnO- Biocomposite: As an Antifungal and Hazardous Metal Removal Agent." Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 25, no. 3 (August 31, 2022): 206–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14447/jnmes.v25i3.a08.

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ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were in situ mixed with carboxymethyl tamarind kernel gum to generate the new biocomposite. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and dynamic light scattering (DLS)were used to characterize the CMTKG/ZnO nanocomposites. Numerous characterizations were utilized to prove that ZnO NPs had been integrated into the biopolymer matrix. The standard size of the CMTKG/ZnO nanocomposites was developed to be greater than 32–40 nm using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and x-ray analysis de-Scherer methods. Chromium (VI) was removed from the aqueous solution using the nanocomposite (CMTKG/ZnO) as an adsorbent. The nanocomposite reached its maximum adsorption during 80 minutes of contact time, 30 mg/L chromium (VI) concentration, 2.0 g/L adsorbent part, and 7.0 pH. Further research into the antifungal activity of CMTKG/ZnO nanocomposites against Aspergillus flavus MTCC-2799 was conducted.

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2

Meena, Jagram, Sudhir G. Warkar, and Devendra Kumar Verma. "Carboxymethyl Tamarind Kernel Gum Nanoparticles; As an Antioxidant Activity." Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 26, no. 3 (August 25, 2023): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14447/jnmes.v26i3.a01.

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The incorporation of biopolymer nanoparticles with potential antioxidant properties into biomaterials for human health care is significant. The current study focuses on nanoparticles carboxymethyl tamarind kernel gum (CMTKG) composite materials because of their potential applications. The co-precipitation method was used to create carboxymethyl tamarind kernel gum nanoparticles (CMTKG-NPs). This technique was used for the first time to create carboxymethyl tamarind kernel gum nanoparticles. The strength of nanoparticle conformation is reported to be influenced by co-precipitation and stirring time. Nanoparticles were characterised using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR), x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). Suspense particle sizes have been determined to be in the 40-60 nm range. It was concluded that similar nanoparticles could be used in antioxidant activities.

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3

Goleyjani Moghadam, Masoumeh, Zohreh Elahi, Mohamad Soveyzi, Sanaz Arzhangi, Shahriar Nafissi, Hossein Najmabadi, Kimia Kahrizi, and Zohreh Fattahi. "Expanding the Molecular Spectrum of HK1-Related Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, Type 4G; the First Report in Iran." Archives of Iranian Medicine 26, no. 5 (May 1, 2023): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/aim.2023.43.

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Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4G (CMT4G) was first reported in Balkan Gypsies as a myelinopathy starting with progressive distal lower limb weakness, followed by upper limb involvement and prominent distal sensory impairment later in the patient’s life. So far, CMT4G has been only reported in European Roma communities with two founder homozygous variants; g.9712G>C and g.11027G>A, located in the 5’-UTR of the HK1 gene. Here, we present the first Iranian CMT4G patient manifesting progressive distal lower limb weakness from 11 years of age and diagnosed with chronic demyelinating sensorimotor polyneuropathy. Whole-exome sequencing for this patient revealed a homozygous c.19C>T (p. Arg7*) variant in the HK1 gene. This report expands the mutational spectrum of the HK1-related CMT disorder and provides supporting evidence for the observation of CMT4G outside the Roma population. Interestingly, the same Arg7* variant is recently observed in another unrelated Pakistani CMT patient, proposing a possible prevalence of this variant in the Middle Eastern populations.

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4

Lhadon, Pema, Sonam Daker, Kesang Wangmo, and Kelzang. "Benefits of Communicative Method of Teaching Grammar in a Bhutanese Higher Secondary School: A Qualitative Study." Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies 43, no. 1 (April 28, 2023): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2023/v43i1932.

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The effective method to teach grammar to students has been a point of disputation between advocates for language acquisition and linguistics. The study investigated the benefits of the Communicative Method of Teaching Grammar (CMTG) in a Higher Secondary School under Thimphu Thromde. The study was based on the constructivist paradigm and adopted a qualitative case study research design. The study involved twelve students and three English teachers selected purposefully from a Higher Secondary School in Thimphu. The data was collected through one-on-one interviews, Focus group discussions (FGDs), and lesson observations. The data collected was analysed employing the thematic analysis procedure of Creswell & Creswell [1]. The findings revealed the benefits of CMTG. The results showed that the benefits of CMTG included enhancing speaking abilities, fostering creativity, comprehensible input, and the ability for effective communication. This study recommends that English teachers pursue professional development in the Communicative Method of Teaching Grammar (CMTG) and maintain an average class size of 20 to 25 students. This study also suggests providing classrooms with a sufficient variety of technologically advanced instruments. The CMTG should be used to teach grammar to students, and relevant stakeholders in education should provide policy recommendations on how to train in-service and pre-service teachers on its use. The benefits of CMTG could be thoroughly investigated in future studies utilizing a quasi-experimental design.

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5

Scott, Brian, Andrew H. Baldwin, and Stephanie A. Yarwood. "Quantification of potential methane emissions associated with organic matter amendments following oxic-soil inundation." Biogeosciences 19, no. 4 (February 23, 2022): 1151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1151-2022.

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Abstract. Methane (CH4) emissions are a potent contributor to global warming, and wetlands can be a significant CH4 source. In a microcosm study, we evaluated how the practice of amending soils with organic matter as part of wetland restoration projects may affect CH4 production potential. Organic amendments including hay, manure, biosolids, composted yard waste, and wood mulch were evaluated at three different levels. Using 1 L glass microcosms, we measured the production of biogenic gases over 60 d in two soils designated by texture: a sandy loam (SL) and a sandy clay loam (SCL). Fresh organic amendments increased CH4 production, leading to potentially higher global warming potential and wetland C loss, and CH4 production was more pronounced in SL. We observed biogenic gas production in two sequential steady-state phases: Phase 1 produced some CH4 but was mostly carbon dioxide (CO2), followed by Phase 2, 2 to 6 weeks later, with higher total gas and nearly equal amounts of CH4 and CO2. If this is generally true in soils, it may be appropriate to report CH4 emissions in the context of inundation duration. The CH4 from the SCL soil ranged from 0.003–0.8 cm3kg-1d-1 in Phase 1 to 0.75–28 cm3kg-1d-1 in Phase 2 and from SL range from 0.03–16 cm3kg-1d-1 in Phase 1 to 1.8–64 cm3kg-1d-1 in Phase 2. Adding fresh organic matter (e.g., hay) increased concentrations of ferrous iron (Fe2+), whereas in some cases composted organic matter decreased both Fe2+ concentrations and CH4 production. Methanogenesis normally increases following the depletion of reducible Fe; however, we observed instances where this was not the case, suggesting other biogeochemical mechanisms contributed to the shift in gas production.

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6

Sips, Patrick Y., Tomoya Irie, Lin Zou, Shohei Shinozaki, Michihiro Sakai, Nobuyuki Shimizu, Rebecca Nguyen, et al. "Reduction of cardiomyocyte S-nitrosylation by S-nitrosoglutathione reductase protects against sepsis-induced myocardial depression." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 304, no. 8 (April 15, 2013): H1134—H1146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00887.2012.

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Myocardial depression is an important contributor to morbidity and mortality in septic patients. Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in the development of septic cardiomyopathy, but also has protective effects. Recent evidence has indicated that NO exerts many of its downstream effects on the cardiovascular system via protein S-nitrosylation, which is negatively regulated by S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR), an enzyme promoting denitrosylation. We tested the hypothesis that reducing cardiomyocyte S-nitrosylation by increasing GSNOR activity can improve myocardial dysfunction during sepsis. Therefore, we generated mice with a cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of GSNOR (GSNOR-CMTg mice) and subjected them to endotoxic shock. Measurements of cardiac function in vivo and ex vivo showed that GSNOR-CMTg mice had a significantly improved cardiac function after lipopolysaccharide challenge (LPS, 50 mg/kg) compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Cardiomyocytes isolated from septic GSNOR-CMTg mice showed a corresponding improvement in contractility compared with WT cells. However, systolic Ca2+ release was similarly depressed in both genotypes after LPS, indicating that GSNOR-CMTg cardiomyocytes have increased Ca2+ sensitivity during sepsis. Parameters of inflammation were equally increased in LPS-treated hearts of both genotypes, and no compensatory changes in NO synthase expression levels were found in GSNOR-overexpressing hearts before or after LPS challenge. GSNOR overexpression however significantly reduced total cardiac protein S-nitrosylation during sepsis. Taken together, our results indicate that increasing the denitrosylation capacity of cardiomyocytes protects against sepsis-induced myocardial depression. Our findings suggest that specifically reducing protein S-nitrosylation during sepsis improves cardiac function by increasing cardiac myofilament sensitivity to Ca2+.

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7

Bachra, Yahya, Ayoub Grouli, Fouad Damiri, Mohammed Talbi, and Mohammed Berrada. "A Novel Superabsorbent Polymer from Crosslinked Carboxymethyl Tragacanth Gum with Glutaraldehyde: Synthesis, Characterization, and Swelling Properties." International Journal of Biomaterials 2021 (November 20, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5008833.

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Nowadays, current global environmental problems include measures to eliminate or reduce the negative impact of chemicals from petroleum sources and, therefore, the use of materials from natural resources is increasingly recommended. In this context, natural-based superabsorbent polymers derived from polypeptides and polysaccharides have undergone chemical and biochemical modifications to improve their ability to absorb and retain large amounts of liquids. In the present paper, a new process has been used to overcome the side effects of radical polymerization in the manufacture of conventional polyacrylate superabsorbents (SAPs). Tragacanth gum (TG) was selected to prepare a new superabsorbent material (CMTG-GA) based on carboxymethyl tragacanth (CMTG) crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (GA). The characterization of the polymer was carried out by FTIR, TGA, XRD, and SEM. The effect of the amount of crosslinking agent and the pH on the water absorption capacity was also examined. Subsequently, swelling studies were performed using free swelling capacity (FSC) and centrifuge retention capacity (CRC) techniques in distilled water, tap water, and saline solution. The results showed that the CRC of the new material is not less than 42.1 g/g, which was observed for a ratio of 20% by weight of GA to CMTG. Likewise, the maximum absorption results were 43.9 and 32.14 g/g, respectively, for FSC and CRC at pH 8.0. In addition, a comparison of the swelling capacities of the synthesized product with a commercial SAP extracted from a baby diaper, well known in the Moroccan market, showed that the performances were very similar.

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8

Baga, Margherita, Susanna Rizzi, Carlotta Spagnoli, Daniele Frattini, Francesco Pisani, and Carlo Fusco. "A Novel Family with Demyelinating Charcot–Marie–Tooth Disease Caused by a Mutation in the PMP2 Gene: A Case Series of Nine Patients and a Brief Review of the Literature." Children 10, no. 5 (May 19, 2023): 901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10050901.

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Introduction: Charcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) is a group of inherited peripheral neuropathies characterized by wide genotypic and phenotypic variability. The onset is typically in childhood, and the most frequent clinical manifestations are predominantly distal muscle weakness, hypoesthesia, foot deformity (pes cavus) and areflexia. In the long term, complications such as muscle-tendon retractions, extremity deformities, muscle atrophy and pain may occur. Among CMT1, demyelinating and autosomal dominant forms, CMT1G is determined by mutations in the PMP2 myelin protein. Results: Starting from the index case, we performed a clinical, electrophysiological, neuroradiological and genetic evaluation of all family members for three generations; we identified p.Ile50del in PMP2 in all the nine affected members. They presented a typical clinical phenotype, with childhood-onset variable severity between generations and a chronic demyelinating sensory-motor polyneuropathy on the electrophysiologic examination; the progression was slow to very slow and predominant in the lower limbs. Our study reports a relatively large sample of patients, members of the same family, with CMT1G by PMP2, which is a rare form of demyelinating CMT, highlighting the genetic variability of the CMT family instead of the overlapping clinical phenotypes within demyelinating forms. To date, only supportive and preventive measures for the most severe complications are available; therefore, we believe that early diagnosis (clinical, electrophysiological and genetic) allows access to specialist follow-up and therapies, thereby improving the quality of life of patients.

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9

Maina, John N., and Christopher Nathaniel. "A qualitative and quantitative study of the lung of an ostrich,Struthio camelus." Journal of Experimental Biology 204, no. 13 (July 1, 2001): 2313–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.204.13.2313.

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SUMMARYThe ostrich lung, with its lack of interparabronchial septa, the presence of very shallow atria and exceptional morphometric refinement, structurally resembles those of small, energetic flying birds, whereas it also displays features characteristic of the flightless ratites in which the neopulmo is relatively poorly developed and a segmentum accelerans may be generally lacking. The large size of the bronchial system of the ostrich may help explain the unique shifts in the airflow pathways that must occur from resting to panting breathing, explaining its insensitivity to acid–base imbalance of the blood during sustained panting under thermal stress. The mass-specific volume of the lung is 39.1 cm3kg−1 and the volume density of the exchange tissue is remarkably high (78.31%). The blood–gas (tissue) barrier is relatively thick (0.56μm) but the plasma layer is very thin (0.14μm). In this flightless ratite bird, the mass-specific surface area of the tissue barrier (30.1 cm2g−1), the mass-specific anatomical diffusing capacity of the tissue barrier for oxygen (0.0022mlO2s−1Pa−1kg−1), the mass-specific volume of pulmonary capillary blood (6.25 cm3kg−1) and the mass-specific total anatomical diffusing capacity for oxygen (0.00073mlO2s−1Pa−1kg−1) are equivalent to or exceed those of much smaller highly aerobic volant birds. The distinctive morphological and morphometric features that seem to occur in the ostrich lung may explain how it achieves and maintains high aerobic capacities and endures long thermal panting without experiencing respiratory alkalosis.

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10

de Santi, Fabiane, Flávia L. Beltrame, Barry T. Hinton, Paulo S. Cerri, and Estela Sasso-Cerri. "Reduced levels of stromal sex hormone-binding globulin and androgen receptor dysfunction in the sperm storage region of the rat epididymis." Reproduction 155, no. 6 (June 2018): 467–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-18-0014.

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The cauda epididymidis is the major sperm storage region whose androgenic supply, essential for the sperm viability, is provided by the vasculature and is dependent upon testosterone diffusion through the stromal tissue to reach the epithelial cells. We have focused our efforts on examining the regulation of this important epididymal region by evaluating the impact of the androgen disrupter cimetidine on the epithelial–stromal androgenic microenvironment. Male rats received 100 mg/kg cimetidine (CMTG) or saline (CG) for 50 days, serum testosterone levels were measured and the epididymal cauda region was processed for light and transmission electron microscopy. In the proximal cauda region, the duct diameter was measured and birefringent collagen in the stroma was quantified. TUNEL-labeled epithelial cells were quantified, and androgen receptor (AR), karyopherin alpha (KPNA) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels were analyzed by immunofluorescence and Western blot. CMTG showed reduced duct diameter and high number of apoptotic epithelial cells. In the epithelium, the total AR concentration and the KPNA immunoreactivity were reduced, and a weak/absent AR nuclear immunofluorescence was observed in contrast to the enhanced AR immunolabeling observed in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells. A significant reduction of collagen and SHBG levels in the stroma was also observed. Cimetidine treatment impairs AR nuclear import in the epithelium, causing androgenic dysfunction and subsequent epithelial cell apoptosis and duct atrophy. The connective tissue atrophy and reduction of SHBG stromal levels associated with epithelial androgenic dysfunction indicate a possible role of stromal SHBG in the androgenic supply of the sperm storage region of the epididymis.

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11

Ahamad Ansair, Niyaz, Jai Narayan Mishra, and Dhaneshwar Kumar Vishwakarma. "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ANTIFUNGAL MICRO EMULSION-BASED GEL FOR TOPICAL DRUG DELIVERY USING MILLETIAPINNATA." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 09 (September 30, 2022): 680–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15409.

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Firstly,we are study to formulate and test a topical gel containing of Itraconazole micro- emulsion (ITZ). The Formulation of micro emulsion researchis necessary to study before its thepreformulation study of micro emulsion of Itraconazole. To estimatethe maximal solubility of ITZ in oils, surfactants and co- surfactants were investigated to estimatefilling material potential. In reference to the micro- emulsion region, with Karanj oil as the oil phase, the use of surfactant as a Tween-80 and use as aDiamethyl Carbinol Or (IPA) as the Another surfactant to improve its performance, a pseudo- ternary phase diagram was created. If using of Carbopol 934, Xantumgum, carboxymathylcellulose,Carboxymethyl -Tamarind gum (CMTG (CMC) That may be increased or improved its qualitative & Quantitative test .ME is evaluate by % transmittance, Viscosity, pH,particle-Size, zeta potential, Physical appearance, Drug content, pH,spreadability, viscosity, in -vitro release. If we take a oil as like karanj oil in the form of oil phase and using of a surfactant as like Tween 80 that may be obtain -Stable ME & useco-surfactant as an IPA, the weight ratio of 5:45:50. The evaluate ME based gel which is pH range between in (6.0- 6.34),and the Spreadability rangeis between (0.56-1.06) gm.cm/sec. The consistency or viscosity examination intimated pseudo- plastic performance of all ME based gel formulations.In the midest the examination ME gels If we are using of CBP: CMTG containing gels that may be we obtain greater maximum drug release at the end of 6h incomprising to other marketed.

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12

de Santi, Fabiane, Isadora Dantas Lunardi, Flávia Luciana Beltrame, Paulo Sérgio Cerri, and Estela Sasso-Cerri. "Muscular atrophy, impaired epithelial autophagy and UCHL1 increase in androgen-deficient cauda epididymis." Reproduction 159, no. 6 (May 2020): 693–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-19-0462.

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In epididymis, cimetidine induces androgenic failure due to reduced sex hormone-binding globulin stromal levels and blockade of androgen receptor (AR) nuclear import. UCHL1, a hydrolase of ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), seems to play a role in autophagy and apoptotic pathway. However, the role of UPS and autophagy in epididymis has not been clarified. We evaluated UCHL1 and autophagy in epididymal cauda epithelium under androgenic deficiency induced by cimetidine, focusing on the interplay among these processes and apoptosis. The integrity of epididymal muscular layer was also evaluated. Male rats received cimetidine (CMTG) or saline (CG). Seminal vesicles were weighed, the expression of androgen-responsive genes Crisp1 and connexin 43 (Cx43) in cauda epididymis was evaluated, and cauda fragments were processed for light and transmission electron microscopy. The epithelium height and muscular thickness were measured. TUNEL, immunohistochemistry for caspase-3 and Cx43, and immunofluorescence for AR, Bcl-2, UCHL1, MAP LC3A, and p62/SQSTM1 (autophagic markers) were performed. Bcl-2, UCHL1, and Cx43 were detected by Western blot. In CMTG, the reduction in seminal vesicles weight accompanied by downregulation of Crisp1 and Cx43 confirmed epididymal androgenic failure. These results were associated with muscular atrophy, apoptosis and weak Cx43 and AR immunoexpression, supporting the androgenic dependence of muscular integrity. The high UCHL1 levels and reduction in Bcl-2 reinforce UCHL1 role in epithelial cells death. The intense immunoexpression of LC3A and p62/SQSTM1 indicates autophagic disturb, which in association with high UCHL1 levels, points to a role of UPS and autophagy in the regulation of epididymal epithelial cells viability under androgenic control.

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13

Malaker, Kamal, Mustafa Zaidi, Mohamad Rida Franka, and Tawfik Al Yafi. "Concurrent Multi-Modality Treatment of Keloids (CMTK) Not Manageable by Conventional Postoperative Radiotherapy." International Journal of Clinical Medicine 04, no. 05 (2013): 273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijcm.2013.45048.

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14

Wang, Haiquan, Tao Zhu, Shuo Lei, Wenjing Yang, and Yu Wang. "CMTG: A Content-Based Mobile Tendency Geocast Routing Protocol in Urban Vehicular Networks." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 11, no. 3 (January 2015): 163157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/163157.

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15

Nelis, E. "Autosomal dominant axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 (CMT2G) maps to chromosome 12q12-q13.3." Journal of Medical Genetics 41, no. 3 (March 1, 2004): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jmg.2003.012633.

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16

Guadalupe Rodríguez, Castillejos, León José Ramírez de, Vázquez Guadalupe Bustos, and Ruíz Octelina Castillo. "Properties of fish and beef restructured by MTG derived from Streptomyces mobaraensis grown in media based on enzymatic hydrolysates of sorghum." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 35, No. 6 (December 20, 2017): 517–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/422/2016-cjfs.

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The efficiency of microbial transglutaminase (MTG) obtained from Streptoverticillum ladakanaum fermentation of sorghum grain and DDGS hydrolysates (HMTG) in increasing the mechanical properties of restructured meat and fish products was evaluated in this study. Gels were obtained by adding HMTG or commercial MTG at 0.3 U/g, and controls lacked enzyme. All treatments were supplemented with 2.0% NaCl. The gels with enzyme showed a lower amount of expressible water, similar to those obtained with CMTG (6% for fish gels and 8% for beef gels). Texture values were also similar. The results showed the feasibility of employing MTG obtained from sorghum hydrolysates.

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17

Biersbach, Raymond M. "Drug Treatment in New Jersey (and Elsewhere?): In Search of a Paradigm." Journal of Drug Education 15, no. 4 (December 1985): 387–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/16eb-7fpt-cmtk-lxbx.

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In this article three points are made. First, a survey of drug treatment in New Jersey suggested that there was considerable conflict about how drug treatment should be conducted. Second, a case was made for developing paradigms or models of treatment as a guide for progress in treatment for addicts. Third, an example was given of a theoretical paradigm which tried to relate family therapy to the relief of self-esteem distress.

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Li, Wei-Hong, and Ning Yang. "Green fabrication of AuNPs/CMTKP/g-C3N4 nanocomposites with enhanced photocatalytic activity for the removal of nitric oxide under visible-light irradiation." Journal of Cleaner Production 256 (May 2020): 120257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120257.

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19

Khushbu, Khushbu, and Sudhir G. Warkar. "Carboxymethyl Tamarind Kernel Gum based Controlled Drug Delivery Excipients: A Review." Journal of Engineering Research, March 15, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36909/jer.icapie.15061.

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The Carboxymethyl Tamarind Kernel Gum (CMTKG) is a natural based polysaccharide which has been derived from the Tamarind kernel gum (TKG) through the carboxymethylation process. The chemical alteration of TKG into CMTKG has resulted in amplifying swelling capacity, in situ gelations, wide pH tolerance, high drug holding efficiency, stability, release kinetics, and hydrophilicity. Out of many application-based areas, it has extensively been used in the field of drug delivery systems via developing various forms like nanoparticles, composites, films, hydrogels, and pellets. This article is planned to fill in as a helpful tool for research scholars, who are engaged in green polymers, and in giving almost every aspect of CMTKG in the sphere of drug delivery.

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20

Kajal, Ramender Kumar, Priyanka Meena, and Sudhir G. Warkar. "Development and characterization of pH-responsive CMTKG/PAM/PEG hydrogel for oral administration of etophylline." Colloid and Polymer Science, August 7, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00396-023-05152-8.

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21

Rani, Indu, Sudhir G. Warkar, and Anil Kumar. "Removal of Cationic Crystal Violet dye using Zeolite‐ Embedded Carboxymethyl Tamarind Kernel Gum (CMTKG) based Hydrogel Adsorbents." ChemistrySelect 8, no. 29 (August 2, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/slct.202301434.

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AbstractIn this research paper, various formulations of zeolite‐loaded carboxymethyl tamarind kernel gum (CMTKG) based hydrogels were synthesized and utilized as a potential adsorbent for the removal of crystal violet (CV) dye. The swelling capacity of all the synthesized hydrogels was investigated and the composition of hydrogel which exhibited maximum swelling was used for the characterization and dye removal experiment. The CV dye was chosen as a model dye for the dye removal experiment. The structure of zeolite and zeolite embedded hydrogel was elucidated by XRD, FTIR, FE‐SEM, EDX and elemental papping techniques. The adsorption experiment was investigated by varying the CV concentration, amount of hydrogel adsorbent, temperature, pH of the dye solution, adsorption time, and ionic strength. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used to fit the adsorption data and it was observed that the data fitted well with the Langmuir model. Moreover, hydrogel‘s maximum dye adsorption efficiency was found at 123.60 mg g−1. The adsorption kinetic studies were followed by pseudo‐ first‐order and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models. In addition, regeneration studies were performed for the best adsorbent hydrogel using ethanol solvent and the result concluded the desorption efficiency of hydrogel (82 %) over four desorption cycles.

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22

Rani, Indu, Sudhir G. Warkar, and Anil Kumar. "Nano ZnO embedded Poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate cross-linked Carboxymethyl tamarind kernel gum (CMTKG) /Poly (sodium acrylate) composite Hydrogels for oral delivery of Ciprofloxacin drug and their antibacterial properties." Materials Today Communications, February 2023, 105635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2023.105635.

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23

Rohlfing, Torsten. "User Guide to The Computational Morphometry Toolkit." Insight Journal, March 23, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.54294/ttdjo3.

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This guide is intended as a very brief introduction of the main tools in the Computational Morphometry Toolkit (CMTK), which is available in source code and as precompiled binaries from http://www.nitrc.org/projects/cmtk/. The target audience of this document are CMTK users, who might use this document as a reference to the most common processing tasks, and prospective users, who may find this information useful to determine whether CMTK provides functionality that they can use. We focus in particular on a simplified workflow for deformation morphometry studies based on magnetic resonance images: DICOM conversion, artifact correction, affine and nonlinear image registration, reformatting, Jacobian determinant map generation, and statistical hypothesis testing.

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Verma, Amit, Neetu Sachan, and Anurag Verma. "Carboxymethylation of Karaya gum: application in gastroretentive drug delivery for sustained release of model drug." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, May 30, 2020, 300–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.25004/ijpsdr.2020.120314.

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Karaya gum (KG) is one of the least soluble of the gums. It does not dissolve in water to give a clear solution but instead absorbs water rapidly to form viscous colloidal sols. Carboxymethylation of Karaya gum is expected to improve its aqueous solubility and gelling behavior. Another objective of the research is to evaluate the potential of carboxymethylated Karaya gum (CMKG) as drug release modulator (in acidic dissolution medium) when combined with HPMC K15M based polymeric matrices bearing Propranolol HCl. In the present study, KG was carboxymethylated using Williamson Ether synthesis. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the formation of CMKG. The prepared CMKG was used in conjunction with HPMC K15M as a polymer matrix in the formulation capsule dosage form, using Propranolol HCl as model drug. The filled capsules were then coated with Gelucire 43/01 to convert them into hydrodynamically balanced (HBS) capsule dosage form. Dextrose & fructose were also added to the drug-polymer mix as osmogen to facilitate the drug release. The degree of substitution of CMKG was found to be 0.87. HBS capsule dosage forms remained buoyant on 0.1 HCl for up to 6 hr, the buoyancy was attributed to the Gelucire 43/01 coating around the capsule shell. From the experimentation it was observed that CMKG, when mixed with HPMC K15M at 1:3 ratios, extended the release of model drug from HBS capsule dosage forms in 0.1 HCl. At CMKG: HPMC K15M ratio 2:1, release of Propranolol Hydrochloride from hydrodynamically balanced (HBS) capsules revealed fast drug release in 0.1 HCl. From the observations it is evident that KG is amenable to carboxymethylation to form CMKG. It is also evident that it is advantageous to combine CMKG with HPMC K15M as release modulator to retard the release of Propranolol HCl in acidic dissolution medium.

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25

Rohlfing, Torsten. "Structural MRI Unwarping Using CMTK." Insight Journal, May 30, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.54294/d0pwqi.

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This document describes the workflow for unwarping structural MR images, in particular T1-weighted SPGR and MP-RAGE scans, using reference scans of the Magphan(R) EMR051 Quantitative Imaging Phantom (a.k.a. ADNI Phantom) and the tools of the Computational Morphometry Toolkit (CMTK).

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Rohlfing, Torsten. "Unwarping Echo Planar Images Using CMTK." Insight Journal, October 1, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.54294/qffl03.

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This document describes the workflow for unwarping echo planar MR images (EPI), in particular diffusion-weighted images, using an acquisition method with reversed phase encoding and the tools of the Computational Morphometry Toolkit (CMTK). This technique requires an additional acquisition (additional b=0 image for diffusion imaging) with reversed phase encoding direction, but no field map. Simple 6-direction diffusion data are provided with this article for demonstration.

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Kanwal, Sumaira, Yu JIn Choi, Si On Lim, Hee Ji Choi, Jin Hee Park, Rana Nuzhat, Aneela khan, Shazia Perveen, Byung-Ok Choi, and Ki Wha Chung. "Novel homozygous mutations in Pakistani families with Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease." BMC Medical Genomics 14, no. 1 (June 30, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12920-021-01019-5.

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Abstract Background Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT) is a group of genetically and clinically heterogeneous peripheral nervous system disorders. Few studies have identified genetic causes of CMT in the Pakistani patients. Methods This study was performed to identify pathogenic mutations in five consanguineous Pakistani CMT families negative for PMP22 duplication. Genomic screening was performed by application of whole exome sequencing. Results We identified five pathogenic or likely pathogenic homozygous mutations in four genes: c.2599C > T (p.Gln867*) and c.3650G > A (p.Gly1217Asp) in SH3TC2, c.19C > T (p.Arg7*) in HK1, c.247delG (p.Gly83Alafs*44) in REEP1, and c.334G > A (p.Val112Met) in MFN2. These mutations have not been reported in CMT patients. Mutations in SH3TC2, HK1, REEP1, and MFN2 have been reported to be associated with CMT4C, CMT4G, dHMN5B (DSMA5B), and CMT2A, respectively. The genotype–phenotype correlations were confirmed in all the examined families. We also confirmed that both alleles from the homozygous variants originated from a single ancestor using homozygosity mapping. Conclusions This study found five novel mutations as the underlying causes of CMT. Pathogenic mutations in SH3TC2, HK1, and REEP1 have been reported rarely in other populations, suggesting ethnic-specific distribution. This study would be useful for the exact molecular diagnosis and treatment of CMT in Pakistani patients.

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"Preparation and Characterization of Calcium Cross-linked Carboxymethyl Tamarind Kernel Polysaccharide as Release Retardant Polymer in Matrix." Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry 13, no. 2 (March 24, 2022): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.33263/briac132.111.

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This study aims to improve the efficacy of carboxymethyl tamarind kernel polysaccharide by cross-linking with Ca2+ ion and preparing its diclofenac sodium loaded matrix tablets for sustained drug delivery applications. Ionic gelation technique was used for cross-linking, and calcium chloride was used as a cross-linking agent. The native and cross-linked polysaccharide was characterized to analyze the change. The successful cross-linking of calcium was confirmed by infrared spectra by evaluating change in the functional group, while diffraction patterns revealed the change in crystallinity behavior. The thermal property of modified gum was also improved after Ca2+ cross-linking, whereas microscopical images of both gums revealed the gum's change in shape and surface. Further, calcium cross-linked carboxymethyl tamarind kernel polysaccharide was formulated into a matrix tablet using diclofenac sodium. The weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability, content uniformity, moisture content, swelling index, and in vitro release kinetics were also evaluated. The in vitro release study revealed that modified gum tablets showed a sustained release of diclofenac sodium providing a release of 50.84 % of drug over 24 hours, following first-order kinetics with a super case – II transport mechanism. So, the results indicate that calcium cross-linking of CMTKP modifies its release behavior, making it suitable for preparing sustained release pharmaceutical formulation.

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Malikongwa, Thatayaone, Saji Gomez, Meagle Joseph, Netravati, and Bintu Kuruvila. "Morphological and horticultural characteristics of some commercial banana (Musa spp.) cultivars of Kerala." Plant Science Today, March 6, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.1467.

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Morphological and horticultural characteristics of six cultivars of banana fruits (Musa spp.) that are commercially grown in Kerala, belonging to different genomic groups viz. Nendran (AAB), Pisang Lilin (AA), Karpooravalli (ABB), Njalipoovan (AB), Grand Naine (ABB) and Yangambi (KM-5) (AAA) were evaluated. The morphological traits were characterized using Banana Descriptors established by IPGRI (1996), from which 9 characters were selected for quantitative analysis. Horticultural characters on variables such as number of fruits per bunch, fruit length (cm), fruit pedicel length (mm), fruit pedicel width (mm), peel thickness (mm), pulp weight (g), fruit to peel ratio, fruit flesh firmness (cm2kg-1) were analysed and subjected to one way ANOVA to determine the significance (p=.05). The cultivar Nendran (AAB) exhibited large morphological and horticultural traits, particularly for the fruit length (22.07cm), pulp weight (89.20g) and peel weight (49.30g). The cultivar Karpooravalli (ABB) was smaller in terms of the fruit length (10.67 cm) and peel weight (9.65g), but had a large (4.81) fruit: pulp ratio compared to other cultivars studied. The present work reveals substantial morphological and horticultural variation among banana cultivars of different genomic groups, with an overlap of similarities and differences even in banana cultivars having the same genomic group.

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H, Xu, Ying G, Qian H, Wang S, Huang T, Chen J, Zhu X, Guo H, Zheng G, and Zhang G. "Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease 4G Caused by Homozygous Deletion of Exon 4 in HK1 Gene due to Inbreeding: A Case Report and Literature Review." Journal of Pediatrics & Child Health care 7, no. 1 (August 15, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.26420/jpediatrchildhealthcare.2022.1054.

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Objectives: The objective is to investigate the clinical and genotypic characteristics of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, caused by HK1 gene mutation. Methods: The detailed medical history of the child was collected and the clinical symptoms were summarized. The genomic DNA was extracted from the 2ml of peripheral blood of child and their parents, and the whole exome sequencing was performed, and the related literatures were reviewed. Results: A 7-year-old girl with unstable walking for 7 months, left claudication, obvious valgus of left foot, unable to squate , unable to jump on one foot, grade IV of muscle strength of lower extremity and slight limitation of dorsal extension of left foot. Electromyography showed multiple peripheral neurogenic lesions (motor and sensory nerve demyelination with axonal damage, more severe in lower limbs than in upper limbs). Whole exome sequencing and PCR verification indicated that the patient had a homozygous deletion in exon 4 of HK1 gene, and the variation site was located in the range of chr10:71048499-71048526, which had not been reported before, and the associated disease was peroneal muscular atrophy type 4G. Conclusion: This study expands the number of reported cases of CMT4G and the mutation spectrum of HK1 gene, and provides reference for prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling.

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Baudou, Eloïse, Claude Cances, Corinne Magdelaine, Philippe Latour, Ulrike Walther Louvier, Raul Juntas-morales, Pascal Cintas, and François Rivier. "Unexpected Intermediate Nerve Conduction Velocity Findings in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Syndromes Classified as Demyelinated or Axonal in a Pediatric Population." Neuropediatrics, March 16, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1743438.

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Abstract Introduction Among the hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies (HMSN), demyelinating forms are the best characterized, with a clear predominance of CMT1A. The axonal and intermediate forms are less described. The aim of this study is to report the genetic diagnosis of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) according to the nerve conduction velocity (NCV) findings in a pediatric population. Methods We retrospectively described a population of HMSN children with a confirmed genetic diagnosis of demyelinated, intermediate, or axonal forms. We compared the results of the genetic analyses with those of motor NCV in median nerve according to whether they were below 25 m/s (demyelinating group); between 25 and 45 m/s (intermediate group), or above 45 m/s (axonal group). Results Among the 143 children with an HMSN, 107 had a genetic diagnosis of which 61 had an electromyogram. On NCV findings: seven (11%) pertain to the axonal group, 20 (32%) to the intermediate group, and 34 (55%) to the demyelinating group. When NCV was above 45 m/s, CMT2A was the predominant genetic diagnosis (70%) when NCV were below 25 m/s, CMT1A was the predominant genetic diagnosis (71%). Intermediate NCV findings group was the more heterogeneous with seven genetic CMT subgroups (60% CMT1A, CMT1B, CMT1X, CMT2A, CMT2N, CMT4G). Conclusion Taking NCV values between 25 and 45 m/s to define an intermediate group of CMT in children leads to the inclusion of non-typically “intermediate”, especially CMT1A. We emphasize the broad spectrum of NCV in CMT1A that justified the systematic search of PMP22 duplication/deletion screening before next generation sequencing panel.

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