Статті в журналах: "CLORIDE PACKED BED SYSTEMS"

1

Sanderson, T. M., and G. T. Cunningham. "Packed bed thermal storage systems." Applied Energy 51, no. 1 (January 1995): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-2619(94)00045-g.

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2

McQuade, D., A. Bogdan, B. Mason, and K. Sylvester. "Flow Systems with a Packed-Bed Microreactor." Synfacts 2007, no. 5 (May 2007): 0551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-968489.

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3

Kim, Dong-Seon. "Performance Characteristics of Packed-bed Thermal Storage Systems." Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering 34, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 172–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.6110/kjacr.2022.34.4.172.

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4

Foumeny, E. A., A. Kulkarni, S. Roshani, and A. Vatani. "Elucidation of pressure drop in packed-bed systems." Applied Thermal Engineering 16, no. 3 (March 1996): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1359-4311(95)00002-x.

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5

Bendre, Aayush, Hardik Birla, Chetan Choudhary, Gayatri Potbhare, Burhanuddin Jawadwala, and Satish Inamdar. "Water from Air: Desiccant System Design and Simulation." International Journal of Research in Advent Technology 9, no. 4 (May 10, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.32622/ijrat.94202101.

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Air water generators that harvest water from air humidity have the potential to counter the ever-rising problem of drinking water scarcity. There are many different types of air water generation systems that work on various different principles. Desiccant based air water generation systems work on the principle of moisture absorption, consisting of a packed bed dehumidifier that absorbs the moisture from air. This reduces the energy requirement of the system. To discuss the efficiency of the system, it is crucial to understand the working of the packed bed column. In this paper, a mathematical model has been developed for a packed bed dehumidification system using aqueous CaCl2 as the liquid desiccant. This model has been developed using water saturation pressure and equilibrium relative humidity models. The packed bed model has been used to study the effect of various input parameters like air and desiccant flow rate, packing material, relative humidity and desiccant concentration, on the capacity of the desiccant to absorb water from air. The results so obtained can be used to predict the water that can be absorbed by the desiccant in the packed bed column for given inlet conditions.

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6

El ouali, Abdelmajid, Hajar Zennouhi, Wafaa Benomar, Najma Laaroussi, Tarik El rhafik, and Tarik Kousksou. "Energetic Analysis of Packed Bed Latent Heat Storage Systems." ITM Web of Conferences 46 (2022): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20224601001.

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Nowadays, with the rapid growths in world population and economy, the world energy demand and consumption have increased enormously which led to a wide variety of harsh environmental impacts [1]. As a potential solution for energy conservation storing the excess energy to fill the gap between energy supply and demand, using phase change materials (PCMs) has received much attention. Thermal energy storage with PCM is a promising technology based on the principle of latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES)[2], where PCM absorbs or releases large amounts of energy at a certain temperature during the phase change transition period (charging and discharging process), with a high heat of fusion around its phase change temperature range [3]. Thermal energy storage in packed beds is receiving increased attention as a necessary component for efficient implementation of concentrated solar power plants. In this study, the thermal characteristics, during a single charge period, of a packed bed made of PCM filled spherical capsules is presented. It was found that the energy efficiency of the system proved to be very sensitive to the choice of the PCM melting temperature.

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7

Elouali, A., T. Kousksou, T. El Rhafiki, S. Hamdaoui, M. Mahdaoui, A. Allouhi, and Y. Zeraouli. "Physical models for packed bed: Sensible heat storage systems." Journal of Energy Storage 23 (June 2019): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2019.03.004.

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8

Oró, Eduard, Albert Castell, Justin Chiu, Viktoria Martin, and Luisa F. Cabeza. "Stratification analysis in packed bed thermal energy storage systems." Applied Energy 109 (September 2013): 476–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.12.082.

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9

BENYAHIA, FARID. "On the Modeling of Flow in Packed Bed Systems." Particulate Science and Technology 22, no. 4 (October 2004): 367–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02726350490516028.

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10

Singh, Harmeet, R. P. Saini, and J. S. Saini. "A review on packed bed solar energy storage systems." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 14, no. 3 (April 2010): 1059–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2009.10.022.

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11

Akanji, Olaitan L., and Andrei V. Kolesnikov. "Modeling of heat and mass transfer in LaNi5 matrix during hydrogen absorption-desorption cycle." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 14, no. 3 (October 1, 2012): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10026-012-0087-0.

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Packed bed reactors using metal hydride are attracting a lot of attention as potential hydrogen storage systems. Some operational and design variables are major constraints to obtain a proper infl ow/outfl ow of hydrogen into a metal hydride reactor. These variables include packed bed thermal conductivity, porosity, pressure and temperature distributions in the reactor during the absorption/desorption cycle. They also cause a mechanical stress induced by temperature gradient. In this paper, two dimensional models are implemented in COMSOL multiphysics to simulate the hydrogen fl ow, pressure and temperature distributions in the packed bed reactor during absorption/desorption cycle. Also, stresses in porous metal hydride induced by temperature variation in the heating/cooling cycle were evaluated. A possible effect of stress induced, porosity changes on diffusion and heating of hydrogen in both radial and axial direction in packed bed is discussed. The model consists of a system of partial differential equations (PDE) describing structural mechanics of stress, heat and mass transfer of hydrogen in the porous matrix of the packed bed reactor.

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12

Calderón-Vásquez, Ignacio, Eduardo Cortés, Jesús García, Valentina Segovia, Alejandro Caroca, Cristóbal Sarmiento, Rodrigo Barraza, and José M. Cardemil. "Review on modeling approaches for packed-bed thermal storage systems." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 143 (June 2021): 110902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.110902.

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13

Kumar, Anil, and Man-Hoe Kim. "Solar air-heating system with packed-bed energy-storage systems." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 72 (May 2017): 215–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.01.050.

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14

Chung, Tsair-Wang. "Predictions of moisture removal efficiencies for packed-bed dehumidification systems." Gas Separation & Purification 8, no. 4 (January 1994): 265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0950-4214(94)80007-3.

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15

Ortega‐Fernández, Iñigo, Irantzu Uriz, Asier Ortuondo, Ana Belén Hernández, Abdessamad Faik, Iñaki Loroño, and Javier Rodríguez‐Aseguinolaza. "Operation strategies guideline for packed bed thermal energy storage systems." International Journal of Energy Research 43, no. 12 (November 22, 2018): 6211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.4291.

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16

Lipiński, W., E. Guillot, G. Olalde, and A. Steinfeld. "TRANSMITTANCE ENHANCEMENT OF PACKED-BED PARTICULATE MEDIA." Experimental Heat Transfer 21, no. 1 (January 17, 2008): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08916150701647843.

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17

Souza, G. F. M. V., R. Béttega, R. F. Miranda, O. S. H. Mendoza, and M. A. S. Barrozo. "Experimental Analysis of Heat Transfer inside Packed Beds of Soybean Seeds." Materials Science Forum 727-728 (August 2012): 1818–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.727-728.1818.

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Several applications in chemical industry use randomly packed bed of particles, such as particulate separation systems, chemical reactors or fixed bed drying. Fluid dynamic behavior, heat and mass transfer, in addition to structural properties of the bed are fundamental issues to design of these processes. Several studies about heat transfer in packed beds aiming drying application have been performed in order to contribute with the process. Seeds drying temperature is especially important for the seeds quality indices and must be carefully controlled in drying process. In this paper temperature profiles experimentally obtained in a packed bed composed by soybean seeds are presented and discussed. Axial profiles of temperature were applied for obtaining effective thermal conductivity following previous studies from literature. The results indicate that thermal homogeneity can be achieved inside the bed for controlled air flow conditions. Axial effective thermal conductivity presented results in agreement with previous studies from literature.

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18

Koçak, Burcu, and Halime Paksoy. "Packed-bed sensible thermal energy storage system using demolition wastes for concentrated solar power plants." E3S Web of Conferences 113 (2019): 01014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911301014.

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This paper presents a study on development of a packed-bed storage system for CSP applications. In this system, demolition wastes from urban regeneration projects in Turkey has been investigated as potential STESM for cost effective storage systems. Schumann’s two-phase one-dimensional model was used to evaluate the optimal design parameters. Effect of operational and geometrical design parameters such as mass velocity, porosity, aspect ratio of packed bed, packing diameter were assessed on storage performance. The system showed the best performance with low bed void fraction, low mass flow rate and low Rep.

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19

Li, Haijing, and Federico Toschi. "Plasma-induced catalysis: towards a numerical approach." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 378, no. 2175 (June 22, 2020): 20190396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0396.

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A lattice Boltzmann (LB) model is developed, validated and used to study simplified plasma/flow problems in complex geometries. This approach solves a combined set of equations, namely the Navier–Stokes equations for the momentum field, the advection–diffusion and the Nernst–Planck equations for electrokinetic and the Poisson equation for the electric field. This model allows us to study the dynamical interaction of the fluid/plasma density, velocity, concentration and electric field. In this work, we discuss several test cases for our numerical model and use it to study a simplified plasma fluid flowing and reacting inside a packed bed reactor. Inside the packed bed, electric breakdown reactions take place due to the electric field, making neutral species ionize. The presence of the packed beads can help enhance the reaction efficiency by locally increasing the electric field, and the size of packed beads and the pressure drop of the packed bed do influence the outflux. Hence trade-offs exist between reaction efficiency and packing porosity, the size of packing beads and the pressure drop of the packed bed. Our model may be used as a guidance to achieve higher reaction efficiencies by optimizing the relevant parameters. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Fluid dynamics, soft matter and complex systems: recent results and new methods’.

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20

FAHMY, FATEN H., and ZEINAB S. ABDEL-REHIM. "Efficient Design of Desalination System Using Photovoltaic and Packed Bed Systems." Energy Sources 20, no. 7 (August 1998): 615–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00908319808970082.

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21

Bindra, Hitesh, Pablo Bueno, Jeffrey F. Morris, and Reuel Shinnar. "Thermal analysis and exergy evaluation of packed bed thermal storage systems." Applied Thermal Engineering 52, no. 2 (April 2013): 255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.12.007.

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22

Salarian, Hesamoddin. "An Analysis of Packed Bed Liquid Desiccant System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 390 (August 2013): 680–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.390.680.

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In this paper a new type of open absorption the liquid desiccant, air conditioning system will be introduced. The dehumidifier and regenerator play the most important role in this system.For liquid-gas contact, packed towers with low pressure drop provide good heat and mass transfer characteristics for compact designs. Thus, this analysis considers the packed tower liquid desiccant systems. The experimental data have been obtained from a built prototype of liquid desiccant system in a packed bed unit with a surface area per unit volume ratio of 125m2/m3, the liquid desiccant, viz lithium chloride. The result showed that the mean mass transfer coefficient of the packing dehumidifier was 0.02kg/m2s. Also the absorber characteristic parameter, the packing size or number of transfer units (NTU), and air-to-desiccant solution mass flow rate ratio (ASMR) are crucial parameters. These parameters affect humidity and enthalpy effectiveness and will be introduced and defined in this paper.

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23

Tien, C. L. "Thermal Radiation in Packed and Fluidized Beds." Journal of Heat Transfer 110, no. 4b (November 1, 1988): 1230–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3250623.

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The present work gives an overview of the existing knowledge on radiative transfer in packed and fluidized beds. Special emphasis is given to the proper usage and determination of radiation characteristics of the particles in these systems. Models that treat the particulate bed as a continuum are discussed along with those that consider the system as discontinuous, i.e., accounting for the phase boundaries between the gas and the particles. Existing experimental techniques for determining the radiative properties are presented, and the published bed transmittance and reflectance data are discussed and compared with the theoretical predictions. Interaction of radiation with other modes of heat transfer is also examined.

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24

CHEN, CHUN-YU, and CHANG-CHUEN SUN. "Non-linear inferential control of packed-bed reactors." International Journal of Systems Science 23, no. 7 (July 1992): 1063–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207729208949366.

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25

Mishra, R. S. "Thermal Performance of Low Cost Packed Bed Thermal Energy Storage Systems for Space Heating and Crop Drying Applications in the Rural Areas." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 1, no. 3 (2013): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.131313.

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Low grade thermal energy is often required in the agricultural products, the conventional fuels most commonly used are diesel, petrol, bio-diesel, CNG, LPG, electricity, wood, agro waste etc. are available very costly day by day and are getting in the rural areas. The alternative is to use the solar energy thermal storage systems based on water is air required as a basic components in the low grade thermal energy utilization. A simple thermal analysis for open and close loop packed bed collector cum storage system has been carried out to study the performance of the system using different type of thermal energy storage materials such as rocks, pebbles, glass piece, stone pieces and fired brick. The effect of various parameter of packed bed, diameter of packed bed, porosity and mass flow rate on the volumetric heat transfer co-efficient, heat flux, efficiency of the system has been studied in details and time dependent periodic thermal model was developed. It was observed that fire brick gives better thermal energy storage effect than other storage material and hence it is recommended for open loop and close loop solar crop drying systems in the rural areas

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26

Akdogan, Hatice Ardag. "Immobilized Coprinus plicatilis Biodegradation of Fluorene in Two Different Packed-Bed Reactors." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 98, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.12-182.

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Abstract The biodegradation of fluorene by immobilized Coprinus plicatilis was studied in pinewood and foam glass bead-packed reactors. The reactors were operated in a sequencing batch system. Removal efficiency increased over time and elevated influent fluorene concentration (85 mg/L) was removed 100% in 24–30 h batch cycles. Increased laccaseactivity was detected with the introduction of the compounds, and optimum activity corresponded to optimum removal periods. Significantly higher laccase activity (16.7–19 U/L) was detected in the glassbead-packed reactor compared to the pinewood-packed reactor (0.2–5 U/L). The presence of Mn2+ ions in the wood material possibly caused elevated manganese peroxidase activity (0.3–5.8U/L) compared to low to negligible activity in the glass bead reactor. Reactor performances are discussed in relation to sequencing batch operation and nutrient requirements necessary to induce and sustain fungal enzyme activity in inert-like organic material packed systems. Biodegradation metabolites were detected in samples via GC/MS.

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27

GENC, Alper Mete, Ziya Haktan KARADENIZ, Orhan EKREN, and Macit TOKSOY. "A Novel Spherical Packed Bed Application on Decentralized Heat Recovery Ventilation Units." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 01012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911101012.

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Decentralized heat recovery ventilation (HRV) systems are assumed as simple solutions to obtain a healthy and comfortable indoor environment. A wall or window mounted compact version of decentralized HRV systems (mono unit) are used for small scale, mostly residential applications. A fan and a heat exchanger are the critical components of this compact system. The flow capacity of these units are down to 10 m3/h, where efficiencies over 90% are commonly declared by the manufacturers. On the other hand, spherical packed beds (SPD) are widely used in the heat transfer applications such as; chemical reactors, grain driers, nuclear reactors, thermal storage in buildings and in solar thermal power plants, due to operational convenience. These systems are operated under steady flow conditions, unlike decentralized HRV systems which are designed for cyclic operation. In this study, heat recovery performance of a spherical packed bed heat exchanger for a decentralized HRV system is investigated. A one dimensional mathematical model for a SPD is obtained and an in-house computer code is developed to solve the transient heat transfer inside the packed bed under cyclic operation conditions. Well known convenient correlations were used for pressure drop calculations. A number of bed and sphere diameters were studied in a wide range. Various flow time and number of cycles were studied for the hot and cold flow to understand the SPD performance for HRV applications. This novel application also has the potential for regenerative heat recovery systems.

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28

Wojcieszak, Paweł, and Ziemowit Malecha. "Cryogenic energy storage system coupled with packed-bed cold storage." E3S Web of Conferences 44 (2018): 00190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184400190.

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Cryogenic Energy Storage (CES) systems are able to improve the stability of electrical grids with large shares of intermittent power plants. In CES systems, excess electrical energy can be used in the liquefaction of cryogenic fluids, which may be stored in large cryogenic vessels for long periods of time. When the demand for electricity is high, work is recovered from the cryogen during a power cycle using ambient or waste heat as an upper heat source. Most research is focused on liquid air energy storage (LAES). However, natural gas can also be a promising working fluid for the CES system. This paper presents a natural gas-based CES system, coupled with a low temperature packed bed cold storage unit. The cold, which is stored at a low temperature level, can be used to increase the efficiency of the cryogenic liquefiers. The model for the packed bed in a high grade cold storage unit was implemented and then compared with the experimental data. The impact of cold recycling on the liquefaction yield and efficiency of the cryogenic energy storage system was investigated

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29

Esence, Thibaut, Arnaud Bruch, Jean-François Fourmigué, and Benoit Stutz. "A versatile one-dimensional numerical model for packed-bed heat storage systems." Renewable Energy 133 (April 2019): 190–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.10.012.

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30

Mawire, Ashmore, Tlotlo M. Lefenya, Chidiebere S. Ekwomadu, Katlego A. Lentswe, and Adedamola B. Shobo. "Performance comparison of medium temperature domestic packed bed latent heat storage systems." Renewable Energy 146 (February 2020): 1897–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.08.063.

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31

Sanderson, T. M., and G. T. Cunningham. "Performance and efficient design of packed bed thermal storage systems. Part 1." Applied Energy 50, no. 2 (January 1995): 119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-2619(95)92628-7.

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32

Rejish Kumar, V. J., Cini Achuthan, N. J. Manju, Rosamma Philip, and I. S. Bright Singh. "Activated packed bed bioreactor for rapid nitrification in brackish water hatchery systems." Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology 36, no. 3 (November 28, 2008): 355–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10295-008-0504-9.

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33

Mohammed, Ramy H., Osama Mesalhy, Mohamed L. Elsayed, and Louis C. Chow. "Performance evaluation of a new modular packed bed for adsorption cooling systems." Applied Thermal Engineering 136 (May 2018): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.02.103.

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34

Yakovlev, Igor A., Sergey D. Zambalov, and Vladimir A. Skripnyak. "Numerical Simulation of Flow Distribution in the Packed Bed Reactor with the Supply Nozzle Placed on the Sidewall." Key Engineering Materials 743 (July 2017): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.743.383.

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Flow distribution is an important process step of many technologies such as heating or cooling systems, microchannel reactors, bubble columns and fixed- or fluidized-bed reactors etc. The present work is devoted to numerical simulation of flow distribution in the pre-reactor unit of the packed bed reactor used for filtrating combustion of fuel mixtures. A special modification of the construction is considered namely the construction with a nozzle for fuel mixture supply placed on the sidewall of the apparatus. The problem formulation, the best practices and opportunities of numerical simulation of the flow distribution effect in packed bed reactors are discussed in the present paper. The length of the flow distribution zone in a wide range of mixture inlet velocity is calculated.

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35

Boskovic-Vragolovic, Nevenka, Danica Brzic, and Zeljko Grbavcic. "Mass transfer between a fluid and an immersed object in liquid-solid packed and fluidized beds." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 70, no. 11 (2005): 1373–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0511373b.

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The mass transfer coefficient between fluid and an immersed sphere in liquid packed and fluidized beds of inert spherical particles have been studied experimentally using a column 40 mm in diameter. The mass transfer data were obtained by studying the transfer of benzoic acid from the immersed sphere to flowing water using the dissolution method. In all runs, the mass transfer rates were determined in the presence of inert glass particles 0.50-2.98 mm in diameter. The influence of different parameters, such as: liquid velocity, particles size and bed void age, on the mass transfer in packed and fluidized beds is presented. The obtained experimental data for mass transfer in the packed and particulate fluidized bed were correlated by a single correlation, thus confirming the similarity between the two systems.

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36

Adebiyi, George A. "A Second-Law Study on Packed Bed Energy Storage Systems Utilizing Phase-Change Materials." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 113, no. 3 (August 1, 1991): 146–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930486.

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Thermal modeling of packed bed, thermal energy storage systems has traditionally been limited to first-law considerations. The exceptions include a few second-law studies, noted in the Introduction, of sensible heat storage systems and the latent heat storage systems. The cited second-law studies treat the storage and removal processes essentially as “batch” heating and cooling. The approximation effectively ignores the significant temperature gradient, especially in the axial direction, in the storage medium over a substantial portion of both the storage and removal processes. The results presented in this paper are for a more comprehensive model of the packed bed storage system utilizing encapsulated phase-change materials. The fundamental equations for the system are similar to those of Schumann, except that a transient conduction equation is included for intraparticle conduction in each pellet. The equations are solved numerically, and the media temperatures obtained are used for the determination of the exergy (or availability) disposition in complete storage-removal cycles. One major conclusion of the study from both the first-law and second-law perspectives is that the principal advantage in the use of phase-change storage material is the enhanced storage capacity, compared with the same size of packed bed utilizing a sensible heat storage material. Thermodynamically, however, it does not appear that the system employing phase-change storage material will always, or necessarily, be superior to that using a sensible heat-storage material. The latter conclusion is reached only on the basis of the second-law evaluation.

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37

Mohd Pauzi, Mohd Mu’Izzuddin, Nurulhuda Azmi, and Kok Keong Lau. "Emerging Solvent Regeneration Technologies for CO2 Capture through Offshore Natural Gas Purification Processes." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (April 6, 2022): 4350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14074350.

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It is estimated that 40% of natural gas reservoirs in the world are contaminated with acid gases (such as hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide), which hinder exploitation activities. The demand for natural gas will increase by 30% from 2020 to 2050, with the rise of industrial activities and the lifting of travel restrictions. The long-term production of these high acid-gas fields requires mitigation plans, which include carbon capture, utilization, and a storage process to reduce carbon emissions. Absorption is one the most established technologies for CO2 capture, yet it suffers from extensive energy regeneration and footprint requirements in offshore operations. Therefore, the aims of this paper are to review and analyze the recent developments in conventional and emerging solvent regeneration technologies, which include a conventional packed-bed column, membrane contactor, microwave heating, flash drum, rotating packed bed, and ultrasonic irradiation process. The conventional packed column and flash drum are less complex, with minimum maintenance requirements, but suffer from a large footprint. Even though the rotating packed-bed column and microwave heating demonstrate a higher solvent flexibility and process stability, both technologies require regular maintenance and high regeneration energy. Membrane contactor and ultrasonic irradiation absorption systems are compact, but restricted by various operational issues.

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38

Vagliasindi, F. G. A., and Mark M. Benjamin. "Arsenic removal in fresh and nom-preloaded ion exchange packed bed adsorption reactors." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 6 (September 1, 1998): 337–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0269.

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Arsenic speciation and removal in continuous-flow packed bed adsorption reactors was investigated using a strong base anion exchange resin as the adsorbent. Preloading of the media was investigated passing arsenic-free Lake Washington water through columns packed with the resin prior to feeding influent spiked with arsenic. NOM preloading did not affect the systems, but sulfate adsorbed during the preloading and the subsequent adsorption steps caused chromatographic displacement of the adsorbed arsenic. Significant arsenic speciation changes occurred in the arsenic-spiked feeding solution that need further investigation.

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39

Hartman, Miloslav, and Robert W. Coughlin. "On the Incipient Fluidized State of Solid Particles." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 58, no. 6 (1993): 1213–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19931213.

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A comprehensive study has been reported on all aspects of the transition of packed bed to the state of incipient fluidization (point of minimum fluidization, onset of fluidization): particle size and shape, size distribution in a batch of particles, fixed bed voidage, pressure drop through a packed bed and oneset of fluidization. A number of predictive equations have been compared that were proposed to estimate the minimum fluidization velocity. All the equations tested do not have any flow limitations and are applicable to laminar, transitional as well as to turbulent flow regime. While some equations have some foundation in theory, the other are more or less generalized correlations of experimental data amassed by different authors under various conditions. The influence of temperature and pressure on the minimum fluidization velocity has been explored with respect to the important applications such as combustion and gasification. Problems have also been discussed with transition from fixed to fluidized bed of binary and polydisperse systems.

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40

Romero, Alberto, Ricardo Chacartegui, and Emanuele Garone. "Modeling, Simulation and Optimal Operation of Multi-Extraction Packed-Bed Thermal Storage Systems." Energies 13, no. 9 (May 4, 2020): 2247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13092247.

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Solar thermal power technologies require storage systems to mitigate the natural variability of solar irradiation. Packed bed thermal storage systems (PBTES) offer a cost-effective solution using air as heat transfer fluid and rocks as a storage medium. Compared to its alternatives, however, PBTES presents a limited flexibility of operation due to the conventional unidirectional flow, which involves the progressive reduction of the outlet temperature during discharge and thus lowers the thermodynamic efficiency of the power cycle. The present study summarizes the progress on the design and optimal operation of a novel multi-extraction PBTES, a project that aims at mitigating its typically poor operational flexibility for solar power applications. To this end, a one-dimensional model with a high spatial resolution of a PBTES was developed, which includes four intermediate outlet points along the axial direction to investigate the benefits of optimal extraction operation. In order to reduce the computational burden, a coarser model of the storage system is used in combination with non-linear model predictive control (NLMPC). Through the optimal manipulation of the extraction valves, the output temperature is maintained close to a prescribed temperature throughout the discharge. The control admits not only constant temperature targets, but also time-varying scheduled profiles. This work describes the limitation of such a design and control approach and sets the direction for the future, more detailed analyses needed to demonstrate its applicability.

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41

Filali Baba, Yousra, Ahmed Al Mers, Abdessamad Faik, and Abdelfattah Bouatem. "New insight into thermocline packed bed energy storage systems: Fast algorithm for sizing." Journal of Energy Storage 44 (December 2021): 103419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2021.103419.

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42

Mawire, Ashmore, Chidiebere S. Ekwomadu, and Adedamola B. Shobo. "Experimental charging characteristics of medium-temperature cascaded packed bed latent heat storage systems." Journal of Energy Storage 42 (October 2021): 103067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2021.103067.

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43

Bhowmik, Mrinal, P. Muthukumar, and R. Anandalakshmi. "Experimental based multi-objective optimisation for structured packed bed liquid desiccant dehumidification systems." Journal of Building Engineering 32 (November 2020): 101813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101813.

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44

Ross, Brandon Sean, and Robert W. M. Pott. "Hydrogen production by immobilized Rhodopseudomonas palustris in packed or fluidized bed photobioreactor systems." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 46, no. 2 (January 2021): 1715–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.10.061.

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45

Jadidi, Mohammad, Hanieh Khalili Param, Alistair Revell, and Yasser Mahmoudi. "Large eddy simulations of turbulent heat transfer in packed bed energy storage systems." Journal of Energy Storage 59 (March 2023): 106449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2022.106449.

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46

Oró, Eduard, Justin Chiu, Viktoria Martin, and Luisa F. Cabeza. "Comparative study of different numerical models of packed bed thermal energy storage systems." Applied Thermal Engineering 50, no. 1 (January 2013): 384–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.07.020.

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47

Pérez Marín, Ana Belén, María Isabel Aguilar, Juan Francisco Ortuño, Víctor Francisco Meseguer, José Sáez, and Mercedes Lloréns. "Biosorption of Zn(II) by orange waste in batch and packed-bed systems." Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 85, no. 10 (September 9, 2010): 1310–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.2432.

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48

Ichitsuka, Tomohiro, Ikko Takahashi, Nagatoshi Koumura, Kazuhiko Sato, and Shū Kobayashi. "Continuous Synthesis of Aryl Amines from Phenols Utilizing Integrated Packed‐Bed Flow Systems." Angewandte Chemie 132, no. 37 (July 9, 2020): 16025–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.202005109.

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49

Ichitsuka, Tomohiro, Ikko Takahashi, Nagatoshi Koumura, Kazuhiko Sato, and Shū Kobayashi. "Continuous Synthesis of Aryl Amines from Phenols Utilizing Integrated Packed‐Bed Flow Systems." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 59, no. 37 (July 9, 2020): 15891–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.202005109.

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50

Priest, Cameron, Yuqing Meng, Lucun Wang, and Dong Ding. "Ethylene Production from Oxidative Coupling of Methane in Solid Oxide Electrochemical Cells." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 49 (October 9, 2022): 1936. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02491936mtgabs.

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The oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) to ethylene is a potentially more economical and environmentally benign approach for ethylene production compared to conventional high temperature thermal cracking of natural gas. The OCM reaction is typically conducted in packed bed flow reactors under thermal conditions in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst. However, due to the intrinsic thermodynamic and kinetic constraints, the existing catalytic systems operated in packed bed reactors have not yet met the techno-economic requirements for the commercialization of this process. As an alternative, membrane reactors that selectively conduct the oxygen ions (O2-) could potentially offer significantly higher methane conversion and C2 product selectivity compared to conventional packed bed reactors. The lower partial pressure of oxygen and the distinct nature of oxygen species available for methane oxidation in the membrane reactor could effectively suppress the kinetics of the chemical transformations leading to the combustion products. In this context, solid oxide electrochemical cells (SOEC), specifically based on oxygen ion conducting membranes, are excellent platforms for conducting the OCM reaction. Here we demonstrate the development of novel SOECs integrated with a series of advanced OCM catalysts to achieve highly efficient ethylene production.

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