Дисертації з теми "Clonage de génome"
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Baby, Vincent. "Analyse, clonage et transplantation du génome de la bactérie Mesoplasma florum." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11582.
Повний текст джерелаRideau, Fabien. "Clonage et modification du génome de Mycoplasma hominis dans la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0227/document.
Повний текст джерелаMycoplasma hominis is an opportunistic human pathogen responsible for genital and neonatal infections. Genetically modifying this bacterium is necessary to understand the virulence and infection mechanisms of this pathogen. There is currently no effective molecular tool to engineer the genome of this bacterium, limiting research on its pathogenicity and its peculiar metabolism based on arginine.New technologies have recently emerged in the field of Synthetic Biology (BS), offering new perspectives for the study of mycoplasmas by allowing large scale genome modifications and the production of mutant strains. Work at the J. Craig Venter Institute (JCVI, USA) has shown that the genome of related mycoplasmas can be cloned and manipulated in yeast before being transplanted into a recipient cell. The yeast serves as a temporary host to modify the genome of the bacterium. This innovative approach opens many perspectives in the development of functional genomics in mycoplasmas for which there are few effective genetic tools. The goal of this thesis was to adapt a number of BS tools to M. hominis for the first time, in order to create mutants deficient for a given function. To achieve this goal, the genome of the M. hominis type strain PG21 (665 kb) was cloned into the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Transformation-Associated Recombination cloning (TAR-cloning). Two yeast clones (B3-2 and B3-4) possessing the complete genome of M. hominis were validated by simplex PCR, multiplex PCR and Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) analyses. These yeast clones were then propagated in a selective medium for 180 generations (30 passages) to evaluate the stability of the bacterial genome in its host. This experiment showed that (i) the size of the genome of M. hominis did not change during the first passages, it decreased progressively from the tenth passage (≈60 generations), and (ii) the enriched genome areas in repeated sequence were preferentially lost. Thus, the genome of M. hominis was modified in the B3-4 clone at early passages using the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/Cas9 (CRISPR/Cas9) technology. Yeast clones with a complete M. hominis PG21 genome with a deleted vaa gene, encoding a major adhesion protein, were produced using this approach. The final step of this approach was to transplant the modified genome into a recipient cell of M. hominis or Mycoplasma arthritidis, the species phylogenetically closest to M. hominis. As no M. hominis transformation protocol was available at the beginning of our work, this step constituted a major obstacle in the implementation of BS tools in this species. This barrier has been partially lifted since a method of transformation of M. hominis based on polyethylene glycol (PEG) and involving the plasposon pMT85 (plasmid carrying a transposon conferring resistance to tetracycline) has been developed in the laboratory. This transformation technique, developed for the reference strain M. hominis M132 (745 kb) still remains not very efficient; it is nevertheless reproducible and allowed to obtain M. hominis mutants of interest. The Mhom132_2390 gene, encoding the precursor of the P75 protein, a putative adhesin of M. hominis, was effectively mutated in transformant No. 28-2. Complete genome sequencing of other transformants revealed the insertion of multiple copies of the transposon and the presence of duplication and inversion of large DNA fragments within at least two M. hominis genomes.In conclusion, this data has opened the way for the development and transposition of existing genetic modification approaches to M. hominis, previously considered as a genetically intractable bacterium
Zézé, Adolphe. "Isolement de séquences répétées du génome d'un champignon endomycorhizogène à arbuscules scutellospora castanea : application à la détection in planta." Dijon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995DIJOS027.
Повний текст джерелаLacasa, Michel. "Le virus herpétique du poisson-chat : structure et clonage du génome, transcription in vivo." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066233.
Повний текст джерелаJegot, Gwenhael. "Mise au point d'un système dérivé du transposon Mos1 comme vecteur non viral de transfert de gène en cellules eucaryotes." Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR4014.
Повний текст джерелаThe mariner Mos 1 transposon can naturally move into the genome. The first research axis of this work concern the transposon characteristics which act upon the transposition activity of Mos1 (like the nucleic content of the transposon and its size). It have shown that a size of transgene upper than 2,5 kb limit the transposition efficiency, that a strong GC percentage favour the transposition, and that there is no minimal size for Mos1 transposition. The second research axis concern the adaptation and improvement of the Mos1 system to the eukaryotic cells, to developp a nonviral vector for gene transfer. The addition of a nuclear localization sequence improve the nuclear transfer, the "humanization" of the transposase sequence increase it expression in mammal cells, and the use of the HSVtK suicide system permit to limit the recombination events
Bui, Linh Chi. "Interactions entre informations ovocytaires et informations embryonnaires au moment de l'activation du génome chez les mammifères." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112254.
Повний текст джерелаTranscriptional activation of the genome is a critical step in embryogenesis. Until that point, development is regulated strictly by maternal information, before gradually moving under embryonic control. This transition (MET for Maternal Embryonic Transition) implies interactions which are closely regulated and determinant regarding subsequent embryonic development between maternal cytoplasmic information and the embryonic nucleus which becomes totipotent. Because it perturbs nucleocytoplasmic interactions but enables long-term development, and hence the restoration of nuclear totipotence ("reprogramming"), cloning constitutes a study model for these interactions. In this context, our research was carried out with the aim of analysing the acquisition of the particular state which characterises the embryonic nucleus at the time it initiates its first syntheses by becoming transiently totipotent. For this purpose, we developed a comparative study of the pattern of gene expressionin bovine embryo arising from normal development, thus representing control of the optimum restoration of totipotence (MET reprogramming), and development where the nucleocytoplasmic interactions were experimentally perturbed by somatic cloning, representative of a gradual decline in reprogramming efficiency. The choice of the bovine model (because it enables these differential biological situations) and our desire to obtain relevant data on a global process through transcriptomic analysis of these situations, led us to develop appropriate molecular tools and approaches (dedicated cDNA network, appropriate procedure for differential screening starting from scarce material). Our work enabled access to a dynamic description of the two reprogramming modes studied. These results highlighted a direct and "quantitative" correlation between the extent of reprogramming of gene expression (or the degree of correlation between the two reprogramming modes) and the functional efficacy of reprogramming resulting in the subsequent long term development of cloned individuals. The results may thus enable the implementation of an early-stage predictive criterion concerning the aptitude of nucleus-donor cell lines for efficient reprogramming, enabling prediction of the long-term potential for development of embryos reconstituted by transfer of their nuclei. In addition to these perspectives for application, use of this global comparative approach should allow us to better characterise the totipotent state and thus understand more clearly the conditions required for its restoration
Breuils, Laure. "Clonage et caractérisation de récepteurs de type olfactif humains exprimés dans la langue." Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT2040.
Повний текст джерелаThe expression of olfactory like receptors (OLRs) in rat taste buds has been previously described, suggesting their involvement in taste perception as gustatory receptors. The aim of this work was to identify and characterize human OLRs expressed in human gustatory tissues. Nine OLRs genes and eight pseudogenes expressed in human adult and/or foetal tongue were identified by RT-PCR. Their murine orthologs were assigned: 5 are expressed in adult mouse tongue, among which 3 are expressed specifically in gustatory papillae. The latter were detected in sensory tissues and brain, but rarely in other organs. Nevertheless, one of them seems to be ubiquitously expressed. In situ hybridization experiments did not show a clear expression of these receptors in mouse taste buds. A cellular tool was constructed in order to identify the ligands of these receptors
Jourdan, Mireille. "Clonage et séquençage du génome infectieux d'un Parvovirus d'Insecte, le Densovirus du Lépidoptère Junonia coenia." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20320.
Повний текст джерелаLecerf, Frédéric. "Déterminisme génétique de la prolificité chez les ovins : clonage positionnel du gène Booroola et localisation du gène Lacaune." Montpellier, ENSA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENSA0010.
Повний текст джерелаFolliculogenesis is the biological mechanism of the female reproductive function. The study of phenotypic variations affecting ovulation rate in populations enables to identify natural mutations with a major impact on ovarian function. In the Course of my thesis research, I have localised the Lacaune locus within a 4 cM region on ovine chromosome 4 and identified the causal mutation of the hyper prolific Booroola phenotype in the BMPR-IB gene. For the identification of the Booroola gene, 1 developed a new method (HSA, for Hybrid Specific Amplification) to select transcripts specific of a tissue and a chromosomal region. The identification of the Booroola gene contributed to highlight the primordial role of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) in ovarian function. The identification of the gene responsible for the Lacaune phenotype will enable to identify another factor important for this function
Khan, Daulat Raheem. "Reprogrammation embryonnaire et somatique au moment de la mise en route du génome dans l’embryon bovin." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA11T060.
Повний текст джерелаIn natural fertilization, sperm and ovum unite to form a totipotent zygote. Initially, the zygote is transcriptionally inactive and after few cleavages (8-16-cell stage in bovine) embryonic genome activation (EGA) takes place and embryo shifts from maternal to embryonic control, the process called maternal to embryonic transition (MET). Likewise, in nuclear transplantation (cloning) a somatic cell nucleus achieves totipotency when placed in an enucleated oocyte, the process called “nuclear reprogramming”. In fact, nuclear reprogramming in cloning experiments is equivalent to MET; however, this process is afflicted with low efficiency. The objectives of this study in bovine were a) to explore the process of MET reprogramming of in vitro fertilized (IVF) embryos and b) to estimate the efficiency of gene reprogramming after nuclear transfer in animal cloning. We hypothesized that the acquisition of a proper gene expression pattern could herald development potential of the embryos, which could be assessed as early as morula stage or after embryonic genome activation (EGA) in bovine. Here, we opted for a study plan consisting of two axes a) global gene expression analysis using an EGA-dedicated microarray and b) candidate gene expression profiling through qRT-PCR in the fertilized and cloned bovine embryos. Firstly, we optimized the protocol of mRNA amplification for transcriptome analysis which generates antisens-RNA (aRNA). Then we did transcriptomic analysis of the 4-cell and morulae derived from two genotypes having better and two genotypes having poorer in vitro embryonic development potentials. In addition, these oocytes were either matured in vivo or in vitro. We observed that the effect of individual genotype was more important than the effect of the phenotypic category (poorer or better) or conditions of oocyte maturation. Furthermore, we explored the expression patterns of 5 types of cloned embryos having different full term developmental potentials depending upon the donor cell line used. Their genes expression patterns closely resembled to the IVF morulae, except for few genes which present differences. These genes vary with the cell line used as somatic cell donor for SCNT and the number of these deregulated genes did not increase with the poorer developmental potential of the cloned embryos. The analysis of an eventual correlation between the potential for embryonic development to term and nature of the deregulated genes should be addressed. Secondly, we charted quantitative and/or qualitative spatio-temporal expression patterns of transcripts and proteins of pluripotency genes (OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG) and mRNA levels of some of their downstream targets in bovine oocytes and early embryos. Furthermore, to correlate expression patterns of these genes with term developmental potential, we used cloned embryos, instead of gene ablation, having similar in vitro but different full term development rates. We chose these genes to be analysed since pluripotency genes are implicated in mouse embryonic genome activation (EGA) and pluripotent lineage specification. Moreover, their expression levels have been correlated with embryonic term development. Our findings affirm: first, the core triad of pluripotency genes probably is not implicated in bovine EGA since their proteins were not detected during pre-EGA phase, despite the transcripts for OCT4 and SOX2 were present. Second, an earlier ICM specification of SOX2 and NANOG makes them better candidates of bovine pluripotent lineage specification than OCT4. Third, embryos with low term development potential have higher transcription rates; nevertheless, precarious balance between pluripotency genes is maintained. This balance presages normal in vitro development but, probably higher transcription rate disturbs it at later stage that abrogates term development
Boutin, Fontaine Marjorie. "Vers la modification et l’assemblage de novo du génome baculoviral en vue de la production de vecteurs AAV." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLE013.
Повний текст джерелаThe baculovirus / insect cell system allows AAV vector production for gene therapy purposes. Current baculoviruses used for the production of rAAV vectors are a bottleneck for Scaling up production. Indeed the use of recombination boxes to insert the genes brings instability to the134kb genome. To avoid this, a new gene integration strategy has been implemented. In this work, we have assayed the full assembly of AcMNPV´s genome using the Gibson Assembly technic. PCR fragments covering the totality of genome and able to assemble through overlapping terminal regions have been pre-assembled in 4 segments. The finally assembly should contain the eGFP gene used has gene of interest along with replacement of the Mini-F replicon by polyhedrin gene. This feasibility study has shown that we could obtain segments without any mutation. Final assembly is still on-going. This technology should be applied next for the generation of baculovirus used for the production of rAAV vectors. This marker less combination method should solve problems of genome instability
Marin, Frédéric. "Diversification du répertoire génomique immun chez le mouton : analyse moléculaire du segment Vl et étude de sa possible implication sur le mécanisme de diversification somatique du répertoire B, première exploration du "locus" H et du processus dediversificatiom qui y opère." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P230.
Повний текст джерелаLe, Gall Olivier. "Clonage moléculaire du génome névopirus de la mosai͏̈que chromée de la vigne, GCMV : analyse de l'organisation génétique de l'ARN-1." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR22024.
Повний текст джерелаMselli-Lakhal, Laïla. "Construction de vecteurs lentiviraux défectifs pour la réplication : étude du transport des ARN et des séquences impliquées dans l'encapsidation du génome du virus de l'arthrite et de l'encéphalite caprine (CAEV)." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO1T058.
Повний текст джерелаCornu, François. "Etude de la structure primaire de l'oncogène c-kit." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P001.
Повний текст джерелаShi, Zhengli. "Etude d'un virus bacilliforme des crevettes Penaeidae ("White Spot Syndrome Virus", WSSV) : clonage, analyse partiel[le] du génome et outils de diagnostic." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20058.
Повний текст джерелаKivilcim, Forsman Zeynep. "Génie génétique et droit international." Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020067.
Повний текст джерелаDoyon, Kathy. "Clonage de gènes de petits vertébrés susceptibles de voir leur expression induite par des pesticides environnementaux et séquençage et assemblage du génome de l'hirondelle bicolore (Tachycineta bicolor)." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6869.
Повний текст джерелаGuesdon, Gabrielle. "Développement de méthodes de clonage de génomes entiers chez la levure pour la construction de souches châssis semi-synthétiques de Bacillus subtilis." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022BORD0204.
Повний текст джерелаOne of the major challenges in the synthetic biology (BS) field, is to provide new solutions to global issues (therapeutic/sanitary or climatic), in particular through the construction of useful, efficient and environmentally friendly production strains.The well-characterized, non-pathogenic, Gram+ bacterium Bacillus subtilis (Bsu), is widely used in industry as a biotechnological workhorse. Recent studies have established that mutant strains with modified genomes are able to produce larger amounts of recombinant proteins. This suggests that the production of rationally designed Bsu chassis could be an important step in the improvement of valuable strains for industrial purposes.This work was performed within the Bacillus 2.0's ANR project, which aims at applying SB tools for Bsu, and at developing an effective pipeline for the high-throughput construction of versatile Bsu chassis strains. Selected SB technologies for the pipeline include (i) the synthetic genome design, (ii) the in-yeast DNA assembly methods using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, (iii) the from-yeast whole genome isolation and transplantation (GT) to a recipient bacteria cell and, (iv) the characterization of recombinant strains.The objectives of this thesis were to ensure the feasibility of these methods using a Gram+ bacterium, by showing, in particular, that it was possible to clone and maintain in S. cerevisiae the genome of a minimal Bsu strain, MPG192 (2.86 Mbp) and to modify it using the large repertoire of yeast genetic tools. Our first attempts to clone the entire Bsu genome into yeast using already described methods failed. Using a TAR-Cloning approach, we then attempted to clone large DNA fragments obtained by restriction of the Bsu genome. In a first experiment, five out of seven fragments were cloned. Difficulties to clone the largest fragment (1.50 Mbp), are presumably related to its size, and/or the lack of ARS elements. Concerning the other fragment, several factors have been proposed to explain the cloning failure: again, an insufficient number of ARS elements, but also, the presence of many repeated sequences (7 ribosomal operons), and/or the deleterious expression of these genes. Finally with other experiments, the whole 2.86 Mb genome was cloned in 21 pieces ranging from 6 kbp to 515 kbp. As TAR-Cloning imposes constraints in the choice of restriction sites, a new cloning method, called CReasPy-Fusion, was developed. This method allows the simultaneous cloning and engineering of mega-sized genome in yeast using the CRISPR-Cas9 system, after direct bacterial cell to yeast spheroplast cell fusion. As a proof of concept, we demonstrated that the method can be used to capture a piece of genome, or to clone and edit the whole genome from six different Mycoplasma species. This method was then adapted to Bsu, showing for the first-time yeast spheroplast and Gram+ protoplast cell fusion. A fragment of ~150 kb has been successfully cloned in yeast.Even if, the entire Bsu genome has not yet been cloned in yeast, several critical elements have been identified. First of all, this work underlines the importance of the cloning method to be adopted depending on the organism of interest. Then, it emphasizes the existence of both biological and technical factors that explain current difficulties and that will have to be taken into account in subsequent experiments. Finally, it enabled the development of the new in-yeast cloning method called CReasPy-Fusion which expands the catalog of technics already described. Through its versatility, it opens up prospects for the capture of large genome fragments, the suppression of problematic loci, and to support the assembly of synthetic fragments
Robaglia, Christophe. "Étude du génome du virus Y de la pomme de terre : construction et utilisation de vecteurs d'expression en vue d'obtenir des plantes transgéniques résistantes à ce virus." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112247.
Повний текст джерелаMathieu-Daude, Françoise. "Mode de reproduction de "Trypanosoma brucei" dans ses populations naturelles : implications taxonomiques et épidémiologiques." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20284.
Повний текст джерелаCitti, Christine. "Contribution à l'étude de l'organisation du génome de S. Citri : caractérisation de deux tRNAs TRP chez S.Citri et des gènes correspondants, organisation de gènes de tRNAs et identification des gènes pyrG, purA et purB." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR28215.
Повний текст джерелаMontanié, Hélène. "Recherches sur des virus cytoplasmiques non enveloppés de "Portunidae" de Méditerranée." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20276.
Повний текст джерелаGuidet, François. "Clonage et séquençage des ADNc de la petite sous-unité de la Rubisco et de la LHCP chez Raphanus sativus : leur utilisation comme marqueur de modifications du génome associées au photocontrôle de la transcription." Rouen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ROUES042.
Повний текст джерелаAhombo, Gabriel. "Génétique de la fixation d'azote chez la bactérie Rhodobacter capsulatus : clonage et caractérisation d'un gène de type nifA." Grenoble 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE10097.
Повний текст джерелаThomas, Franck. "Expression des gènes rpl23, rpl2, rps19 et rps19' du génome chloroplastique d'épinard : identification des produits de quelques gènes de protéines ribosomiques." Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10171.
Повний текст джерелаMazan, Sylvie. "Structure et organisation des gènes codant pour l'ARN nucléolaire U3 chez la souris." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30081.
Повний текст джерелаRasschaert, Denis. "Étude d'un coronavirus, le virus de la gastro-entérite transmissible du porc : identification des gènes structuraux et non-structuraux et localisation d'un site antigénique majeur sur la séquence de la glycoprotéine de spicule E2." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112082.
Повний текст джерелаLeclercq, India. "Aspects moléculaires de l'intégration du rétrovirus HTLV-1 et de l'expansion clonale de sa cellule hôte." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-312.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаSix pour cent des virus s'intégrent dans des régions transcriptionnellement actives de la cellule et pourraient donc modifier l'expression de certains gènes impliqués dans la pathogénie de l'infection. Les relations structure-intégration ont été étudiées in vitro, à l'aide d'intégrases recombinantes, de ltr synthétiques et de cibles oligonucléotidiques ayant des structures différentes en solution. Cette étude montre que les intégrases du vih-1 et de htlv-1 privilégient de manière identique l'intégration dans des molécules d'ADN de structure courbée en solution. Enfin, nous avons évalué l'impact de mutations somatiques de l'extrêmité du ltr 3' sur le rendement de la réaction de transfert de brin. Huit séquences ru5 mutées et isolées d'individus infectés ont servies de substrats pour des réactions d'intégration in vitro. Les résultats montrent que par rapport aux séquences ru5 consensus, certaines mutations étaient associées à un gain ou à une perte significative du rendement d'intégration
Lubat, Vincent. "Approches biologiques et moléculaires dans l'étude des Myxosporidies, du PKX et des Marteilia : impacts en aquaculture." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20282.
Повний текст джерелаPrawirosukarto, Sudharto. "Etude d'un virus pathogène de "Setothosea asigna" Van Eecke (Lepidoptera : limacodidae), ravageur du palmier à huile en Indonésie : caractérisation, diagnostic et épidémiologie en plantation." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20261.
Повний текст джерелаChuchana, Paul. "Production par génie génétique de l'alpha-l-antitrypsine humaine : clonage moléculaire, procédé de purification industrialisable, approche informatique." Bordeaux 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR22033.
Повний текст джерелаGuelin, Emmanuel. "L'ATP synthase mitochondriale de levure : clonage et séquençage des gènes mitochondriaux ATP6 et ATP8. Clonage, séquençage et délétion du gène nucléaire ATP-E." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR28205.
Повний текст джерелаBahri, Racha. "Séquençage du génome complet du virus d’Epstein-Barr dans des prélèvements issus de lymphomes T angio-immunoblastiques." Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0106.
Повний текст джерелаMore than 90% of the world's population is infected by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a human herpesvirus. EBV is thought to be implicated in the pathogenesis of several human malignancies including epithelial tumors such as nasopharyngeal and gastric carcinomas as well as lymphoproliferative diseases such as Burkitt's lymphoma, NK/T lymphomas and some Hodgkin lymphomas. In angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL), a peripheral neoplasm of follicular helper T (TFH) cells, a recurrent finding is the presence of EBV-positive B lymphocytes at the beginning of the disease. However, whether this EBV infection of B cells plays a role in AITL pathogenesis remains unclear. In this context, our work aimed to determine if the EBV associated with the AITL presented an oncogenic profile allowing us to consider its role in this pathology. To do this, we sequenced the whole EBV genomes in AIL samples and compared the results to those obtained for other lymphomas (B, NK / T) as well as to previously published sequences. Sequencing was first performed on 7 EBV-positive cell lines to validate the technique, and then was applied to lymphadenopathy specimens from 40 patients with lymphoproliferative disease, of whom 20 had AITL. Enrichment of the viral genome was performed by capture using specific EBV genome probes. The libraries were synthesized and sequenced on Illumina MiSeq and NextSeq platforms. In a second step, we performed de novo assembly and determined the sequence of the virus in each sample. The data obtained were analyzed bioinformatically. Interestingly, the virus was found to be clonal or quasi-clonal in AITL, while B cells were in some cases polyclonal. In addition, the mutational pattern was similar to other EBV-associated lymphomas, especially at the level of the target epitopes of immune cells suggesting a process of selection of the viral strain identical to that of a clone tumor associated with EBV. This could play an important role in the virus escape from the immune system in this context. The presence of polyclonal B cells with clonal EBV in a clonal tumor T cell compartment could be a dual tumor selection; or that is endogenous T and exogenous clonal EBV, and could therefore suggest the existence of a cross-talk between B-T cells
Chan, Kwo Chion Chan Ka Ning. "Constitution d'un système de clonage pour une souche de Brevibacterium à applications industrielles." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20246.
Повний текст джерелаBreton, Christian. "Embryogenèse précoce des plantes à fleurs : clonage et caractérisation de gènes exprimés durant l'embryogenèse zygotique précoce du maïs." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10200.
Повний текст джерелаLévy, Julien. "Clonage positionnel du gène DMI3 impliqué dans la nodulation et la mycorhization chez Medicago truncatula." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30193.
Повний текст джерелаAné, Jean-Michel. "Vers le clonage positionnel du gène DMI1 impliqué dans la nodulation et la mycorhization chez Medicago truncatula." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30130.
Повний текст джерелаLabaille, Jennifer. "Conception d'un vaccin recombinant contre la maladie de Marek d'après l'étude de la dynamique des populations de variants du vaccin CV1988/RISPENS." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR4014.
Повний текст джерелаGallid herpesvirus 2 (GaHV-2), responsible for T-cell lymphomas chicken, is controlled by the vaccine CVI988/Rispens. My work has shown that the vaccine contains, unlike virulent strain, a viral variants population mostly deleted from the promoter region and a variable portion of the 5' end of the gene LAT encoding microRNA and associated with viral latency. In a vaccine approach, a recombinant virus corresponding to a majority variant of the CVI988/Rispens vaccine was generated from a hypervirulent strain GaHV-2, cloned as bacmid. We showed that recombinant, with an almost total loss of pathogenicity, was able to significantly protect chickens against challenge with virulent strains GaHV-2. This work lays the basis for the development of new vaccines from emerging virulent strains
Riou-Khamlichi, Catherine. "Isolement et caractérisation de l'ADNc codant pour la mévalonate kinase d'Arabidopsis thaliana par complémentation chez la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT2282.
Повний текст джерелаKerviel, Vincent. "Clonage et caractérisation de deux gènes codant des enzymes lipolytiques de la microalgue Isochrysis galbana." Thesis, Le Mans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LEMA1017/document.
Повний текст джерелаLipolytic enzymes present in all known species play a key role in lipid metabolism and are involved in several industrial processes. They catalyse lipid hydrolysis and synthesis. Actually and particularly in microalgae, isolation and characterization of this type of enzyme remains an unexplored research area.The potential of the lipidic content of microalgae in food industry or energy field requires specific lipolytic enzymes. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an 3 poly insaturated fatty acid (3 PUFA) is well known for its beneficial effects on human health. Among many species, Isochrysis galbana, a unicellular marine microalga belonging to the Prymnesiophyceae class, is considered as a potential alternative source of DHA.Lipid analysis of I. galbana shows free fatty acids and suggests the presence of lipolytic enzymes with potential interesting selectivities and substrate specificities. Analysis of incomplete expressed sequence tag (EST) listed in the EST bank of Isochrysis galbana, identified incomplete genes that encode lipolytic enzymes. Messenger RNAs were extracted, characterized and cloned.This work describes the analysis and cloning of two genes encoding a putative ester hydrolase and a putative thioesterase in marine microalgae Isochrysis galbana. Sequences encode two proteins with predicted molecular weights of approximately 35,41 kDa and 42,31 kDa. Slight similarity and identity (from 30 to 40 %) were observed between the gene sequence and various fold hydrolase found in diverse phyla (including carboxylesterase).Sequences also included the consensus Gly-X-Ser-X-Gly and the catalytic triad Ser/Asp/His. To characterize the predicted enzymatic functions, an experimental procedure was introduced: coding sequences were cloned into expression vectors and expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in Escherichia coli.Western blot identification of recombinant enzyme shows a convenient protein production in bacteria. Furthermore, the expression of the protein in E. coli shifted the fatty acid composition predominantly towards C16:1 and C18:1 fatty acids. The enzyme called IgTeCe showed a thioesterase activity
Marais, Armelle. "Transfert de genes chez le mollicute phytopathogene Spiroplasma citri : expressions d'un epitope de l'Adhesine P1 de Mycoplasma pneumoniae, mise en évidence d'évènements de recombinaison impliques dans l'instabilité du vecteur viral recombinant, caractérisation du gene recA de la Souche Hote." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR28371.
Повний текст джерелаArpin, Corinne. "Contribution au développement d'un vecteur d'expression de gènes chez les spiroplasmes, caractérisation fonctionnelle d'un promoteur et d'un terminateur de transcription, clonage et expression du gène de la chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (gène CAT) dans Spiroplasma Citri." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR28169.
Повний текст джерелаLeriche, Françoise. "Recherche d'outils, génétiques utilisables chez la bactérie psycrotrophe MFO, étude de leur comportement aux différentes températures de croissance de la souche et construction d'une fusion traductionnelle par génétique réverse." Rouen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ROUES040.
Повний текст джерелаNoël, Thierry. "Etude génétique de l'incompatibilité et du changement de type sexuel chez le basidiomycète Agrocybe aegerita et développement de systèmes de transformation homologue et hétérologue." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR28194.
Повний текст джерелаDubessy, Christophe. "Hétérogénéité clonale de lignées cellulaires de carcinomes épidermoïdes des voies aéro-digestives supérieures après exposition aux radiations ionisantes : Prolifération cellulaire, mort cellulaire radio-induite et voies de détoxification des espèces réactives de l'oxygène (Doctorat : Génie biologique et médical)." Nancy 1, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1999_0314_DUBESSY.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаWeill, Mylène. "Organisation et évolution des gènes des immunoglobulines et des récepteurs T gamma/delta humains." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20018.
Повний текст джерелаPéneau, Camille. "Mécanismes moléculaires et conséquences oncogéniques des intégrations du Virus de l’Hépatite B dans les tissus hépatiques." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2020. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/PENEAU_Camille_va2.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаDespite the existence of an effective vaccine and of treatments that suppress viral replication, Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection remains one of the most frequent chronic diseases. 39% of HBV-related deaths are associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common primary liver cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. HBV is indeed the main risk factor of HCC development in patients who generally already have a liver cirrhosis induced by the infection. However, the fact that some HBV-related HCC occur without chronic inflammation underlines the direct oncogenic properties of this DNA virus, which can promote hepatocyte cell transformation through integration into the human genome. This project aimed to describe the HBV genomes in tumor and non-tumor liver tissues from 177 patients, mostly with African and European origin, using viral capture and next-generation sequencing techniques, and characterized viral integrations according to the genetic and clinical data of the patients. We showed that non-tumor tissues contain more frequently replicating HBV DNA and a higher number of insertions, mainly located in open chromatin regions but without direct functional consequences. In tumors, on the other hand, HBV integrations are often clonal and enriched in proximity of genes involved in hepatocarcinogenesis such as TERT (in one-third of HBV-related HCC), CCNE1, or KMT2B, and can directly lead to tumor development by activating these genes in cis. HBV integrations in CCNA2 or CCNE1, for example, generate replicative stress and a specific signature of structural rearrangements, thus promoting the development of aggressive HCC in the absence of cirrhosis. We also described a novel oncogenic mechanism associated with HBV integrations based on rearrangements of the human genome delimited by integrated viral sequences, which induce copy number alterations of distant "driver" genes such as TP53 or MYC. We have therefore further characterized the viral integrations of HBV in HCC, but also those of the adeno-associated virus (AAV) which can also integrate into human DNA and promote tumor development through insertional mutagenesis by altering the same genes as HBV (TERT, CCNA2, CCNE1, KMT2B)
Blesa, Stéphane. "Étude moléculaire de l'interaction plante-pathogène (Basidiomycète Rhizoctonia Solani riz Oryza Sativa) : mise au point du modèle expérimental : Clonage et séquençage d'ADNc impliqués dans la différenciation des structures infectieuses de Rhizoctonia Solani." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR28546.
Повний текст джерелаPineau, Christophe. "Caractérisation phénotypique et moléculaire du mutant d'Arabidopsis thaliana hca, high cambial activity." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30254.
Повний текст джерелаBy screening a T-DNA population of Arabidopsis mutants, we have isolated the high cambial activity (hca) mutant with a dramatic increase in vascular tissue development, characterized by a continuous ring of xylem/phloem. This phenotype is the consequence of premature and numerous cambial cell divisions. The hca mutation also resulted in pleiotropic effects: twisted leaves, additional shoot branching, delay in development. The physiological characterization revealed an altered hormones response, and enhanced sensitivity to cytokinin. These results were substantiated by microarray analysis. The mutant was not tagged by T-DNA and hca mutation segregated as a single recessive locus, on the long arm of chromosome 4, in an area of 240 Kb. No gene was associated with the mutation for the moment. We propose that hca is involved in mechanisms controlling the arrangement of vascular bundles throughout the plant by regulating auxin-cytokinin sensitivity of vascular cambial cells