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1
Umeghalu, ICE. "AGRICULTURAL LAND CLEARING IS IMPERATIVE FOR A SUCCESSFUL AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION PROGRAM IN NIGERIA." Agrobiological Records 10 (2022): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.47278/journal.abr/2022.025.
Анотація:
The rapid increase in population in Nigeria calls for an increase in agricultural production. Farming commences with land clearing. Traditionally, the manual land clearing method is still predominant in Nigeria, where the matchet, hoe and axe are the implement used for the operation. However, this land clearing method can no longer keep pace with the population explosion. The method is ideal for small areas of land with small trees and stumps when surplus labor is available; however, the manual method becomes tedious and costly for mechanized farming. Agricultural land clearing involves removal of natural vegetation from the land, stumping, mechanized tree knockdown, windrowing, wood-cutting and burning, removal of debris and pioneer plowing. The soil structures, crop nutrients, and soil moisturizing content crops need to grow are in the topsoil. Therefore, agricultural land clearing operations should aim at minimum topsoil disturbance-poorly cleared land results in poor yield and frequent damage to agricultural machines and equipment. To achieve adequate agricultural land clearing, special techniques, machines, tools, experienced machine operators, and adequate timing of land clearing operations are necessary. This review aims to offer information on adequate methods of agricultural land clearing, outlining the procedures to be followed, tools to employ and good timing for carrying out various stages of land clearing operations in different agricultural zones of Nigeria. Parameter for assessing good agricultural land clearing is also discussed.
2
Finn, Hugh C., and Nahiid S. Stephens. "The invisible harm: land clearing is an issue of animal welfare." Wildlife Research 44, no. 5 (2017): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr17018.
Анотація:
Land clearing is a significant environmental issue in Australia and an area of active legislative reform. Despite evidence of the harm that land clearing causes to individual animals, such harm is either ignored or considered only indirectly in environmental decision-making. We argue that the harm that land clearing causes to animals ought to be identified and evaluated in decision-making relating to land clearing and consider the following three propositions in support: (1) land clearing causes deaths that are physically painful and psychologically distressing because of their traumatic and debilitating nature; (2) land clearing causes physical injuries, other pathological conditions, pain and psychological distress over a prolonged period as animals attempt to survive in the cleared environment or in the environments they are displaced to; and (3) on the basis of current clearing rates, more than 50million mammals, birds and reptiles are likely to be killed annually because of land clearing in Queensland and New South Wales. The scientific consensus about the harm caused by land clearing means that decisions to allow land clearing are decisions to allow most of the animals present to be killed and, as such, frameworks for decision-making ought to include proper evaluation of the harm to be imposed.
3
José Larrea, Juan. "Défricher la terre et se l’approprier." Vierteljahrschrift f??r Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte 106, no. 3 (2019): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.25162/vswg-2019-0008.
4
Levis, Larry. "The Clearing of the Land." Missouri Review 13, no. 3 (1991): 176–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mis.1991.0133.
5
Reside, April E., Jutta Beher, Anita J. Cosgrove, Megan C. Evans, Leonie Seabrook, Jennifer L. Silcock, Amelia S. Wenger, and Martine Maron. "Ecological consequences of land clearing and policy reform in Queensland." Pacific Conservation Biology 23, no. 3 (2017): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc17001.
Анотація:
Land clearing threatens biodiversity, impairs the functioning of terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecosystems, and is a key contributor to human-induced climate change. The rates of land clearing in the State of Queensland, Australia, are at globally significant levels, and have been the subject of intense and polarised political debate. In 2016, a legislative bill that aimed to restore stronger controls over land clearing failed to pass in the Queensland Parliament, despite the clear scientific basis for policy reform. Here, we provide a short history of the recent policy debate over land clearing in Queensland, in the context of its global and national ecological significance. Land clearing affects regional climates, leading to hotter, drier climates that will impact on the Queensland economy and local communities. Loss of habitat from land clearing is a key threatening process for many endangered animals and plants. Runoff from land clearing results in sediment and nutrient enrichment, which threatens the health of the Great Barrier Reef. Australia has made national and international commitments to conserve biodiversity and reduce our greenhouse gas emissions, but current land clearing policies are not consistent with these commitments. Stronger regulation is needed to reduce vegetation loss, such as target-based regulation, which sets a cap on land clearing and could effectively halt vegetation loss over the long term. Lasting policy reform is required, and we recommend an effective policy mix that restricts clearing, provides economic opportunities for vegetation retention, and informs the Australian community about the value of native vegetation.
6
Lawes, M. J., R. Greiner, I. A. Leiper, R. Ninnis, D. Pearson, and G. Boggs. "The effects of a moratorium on land-clearing in the Douglas-Daly region, Northern Territory, Australia." Rangeland Journal 37, no. 4 (2015): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj15014.
Анотація:
Land-clearing represents the first step in agricultural development and signals a shift in landscape function towards provisioning ecosystem services, in particular food production. In the process, other types of ecosystem services are often unintentionally lost as illustrated by the associated decline in biodiversity, increased soil erosion and emission of greenhouse gases. In 2003, the Northern Territory state government in Australia promulgated a moratorium on the clearing of native vegetation on freehold land in the Douglas-Daly river catchment, an area experiencing increasing pressure from agricultural development. The moratorium was intended to limit the rate and extent of land-clearing for a period of time so that informed policy could be concurrently developed to guide future land-clearing and minimise negative impacts. Under the moratorium, land-clearing required a permit and had to conform to broad guidelines; clearing was confined to freehold land, was prohibited in close proximity to wetlands, rivers and rainforest to safeguard water quality, and there were prescribed limits on percentages cleared by property, vegetation type, sub-catchment, and the whole catchment. Remotely sensed data (1977–2011) were used to explore the effectiveness of the moratorium. The analysis shows that, during moratorium years (2002–2009), clearing rates accelerated rather than slowed in the moratorium area and was mostly (81%) conducted without the required permits. The extent of land cleared after the moratorium was declared, and the fallow nature of some of this land a decade later, suggests that much of the land-clearing may have been completed in anticipation of stricter future controls. The moratorium failed because it was not formally legislated and was too broadly defined. Consequently, the non-binding nature of the land-clearing guidelines, and the absence of systematic monitoring of land cover change or penalties for clearing land without a permit, led to uninformed and uncontrolled clearing. This paper demonstrates that effective policy is only as good as its level of implementation.
7
Molinario, Giuseppe, Matthew Hansen, Peter Potapov, Alexandra Tyukavina, and Stephen Stehman. "Contextualizing Landscape-Scale Forest Cover Loss in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) between 2000 and 2015." Land 9, no. 1 (January 16, 2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9010023.
Анотація:
Shifting cultivation has been shown to be the primary cause of land use change in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Traditionally, forested and fallow land are rotated in a slash and burn cycle that has created an agricultural mosaic, including secondary forest, known as the rural complex. This study investigates the land use context of new forest clearing (during 2000–2015) in primary forest areas outside of the established rural complex. These new forest clearings occur as either rural complex expansion (RCE) or isolated forest perforations (IFP), with consequent implications on the forest ecosystem and biodiversity habitat. During 2000–2015, subsistence agriculture was the dominant driver of forest clearing for both extension of settled areas and pioneer clearings removed from settled areas. Less than 1% of clearing was directly attributable to land uses such as mining, plantations, and logging, showing that the impact of commercial operations in the DRC is currently dwarfed by a reliance on small-holder shifting cultivation. However, analyzing the landscape context showed that large-scale agroindustry and resource extraction activities lead to increased forest loss and degradation beyond their previously-understood footprints. The worker populations drawn to these areas create communities that rely on shifting cultivation and non-timber forest products (NTFP) for food, energy, and building materials. An estimated 12% of forest loss within the RCE and 9% of the area of IFP was found to be within 5 km of mines, logging, or plantations. Given increasing demographic and commercial pressures on DRC’s forests, it will be crucial to factor in this landscape-level land use change dynamic in land use planning and sustainability-focused governance.
8
Marpaung, David Septian Sumanto, Nova Anika, and Yazid Bindar. "Effect of Land Clearing Activity on Environmental and Arthropods Diversity (Case Study: Jati Agung, Lampung)." Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan 19, no. 2 (July 10, 2021): 444–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jil.19.2.444-449.
Анотація:
Agricultural activity relies on soil as their growth media. Besides agricultural activity, other living species also needs soil as their ecosystem. However, the biodiversity and environmental factor are often neglected in agricultural activity. Therefore, the investigation of environmental and biodiversity changes is important. In this study, the environmental parameter and biodiversity changes was investigated in area after land clearing activity. The pH was increased from in 3 times measurement. Besides, the soil temperature and air temperature was also increased in 3 times measurement between pre- and post-treatment. The soil temperature ranges from 26.2 oC to 33.2 oC in pre-treatment and 27.6 oC to 31.8 oC in post-treatment. The air temperature was observed ranges from 27.96 oC to 34.3 oC in pre-treatment and 28.36 oC to 34.56 oC in post-treatment. Measurement of RH was resulted ranges from 61.2% to 75.4% in pre-treatment and 61.4% to 74.8% in pre-treatment. The land is proposed become paddy field for next step land processing. As result, the diversity index was decreased in pre- and post-treatment. The Shannon diversity index was decreased from 0.81 to 0.72. Similarly, the Simpson diversity index was also decreased from 1.94 to 1.77. Meanwhile, the evenness index was increased from 0.58 to 0.65. These results suggested for farmer to process the land as soon as possible after land clearing process, if they want to form paddy field from pasture land.AbstrakKegiatan pertanian bergantung pada tanah sebagai media tumbuh suatu tanaman. Selain kegiatan pertanian, organisme hidup lain juga bergantung terhadap tanah sebagai ekosistem. Namun, seringkali biodiversitas dan faktor lingkungan diabaikan dalam kegiatan pertanian. Oleh karenanya, indentifikasi perubahan lingkungan dan biodiversitas sanget perlu dilakukan. Dalam penelitian ini, perubahan parameter lingkungan dan biodiversitas diamati sebelum dan sesudah aktivitas land clearing. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan, pH tanah, suhu tanah dan suhu lingkungan meningkat dalam 3 kali pengukuran dari sebelum ke sesudah aktivitas land clearing. Suhu tanah berkisar 26.2 oC-33.2 oC pada sebelum kegiatan land clearing dan 27.6 oC-31.8 oC setelah aktivitas land clearing. Suhu lingkungan ditemukan berkisar 27.96 oC-34.3 oC pada kegiatan sebelum land clearing dan 28.36 oC-34.56 oC setelah kegiatan land clearing. Hasil pengukuran RH lingkungan ditemukan berkisar 61.2%-75.4% pada kegiatan sebelum land clearing dan 61.4%-74.8% setelah kegiatan land clearing. Sementara itu, index diversitas ditemukan menurun setelah aktivitas land clearing. Nilai Shannon diversity index ditemukan menurun setelah aktivitas land clearing dari 0.81-0.72. Pola serupa ditemukan pada nilai Simpson diversity index, dimana terjadi penurunan dari 1.94 menjadi 1.77. Nilai evenness index meningkat dari 0.58 menjadi 0.65. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disarankan ke petani untuk segera mengolah lahan tersebut setelah kegiatan land clearing untuk menghindari terjadinya pertumbuhan kembali vegetasi, serta perubahan parameter lingkungan dan biodiversitas.
9
Ayunda, D., D. A. Hutajulu, D. Cahyana, I. Ma’ruf, Habibi, M. Faisal, M. P. Wiranatha, et al. "Land clearing area prioritization using GLAD alert data to prevent peat fires in South Sumatera, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1025, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1025/1/012009.
Анотація:
Abstract Peatland clearing and draining are associated with many peat fires in South Sumatera. In 2020 we developed prioritization of peat land clearing areas using GLAD alert data to prevent catastrophic peat fires. GLAD alert data is near real-time alerting system that detects loss of trees, produced by University of Maryland and Global Forest Watch. This research aims to get prioritized area indicating land clearing and to test its reliability to prevent peat fires in South Sumatra. A total of 634 cluster areas indicating peatland clearing were found in between July and September 2020, which 20 of those cluster areas are selected for validation (ground truth). Validation was conducted by field survey and flying Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) in 3 districts, namely Musi Rawas Utara, Banyuasin, and Ogan Komering Ilir. The survey confirmed that 19 clusters experienced forest fires, land clearing, and rejuvenation of plantation. Meanwhile, the others became savanna from previous forest fires and former land clearing by burning. Prioritization areas using GLAD alert data was capable to detect land clearing, but further study is needed to predict peat fires due to peatland clearing.
10
Widarti, Sri, Donna Youlla, and Icuk Setiawan. "PERSEPSI PETANI TERHADAP PEMBUKAAN LAHAN TANPA PEMBAKARAN (PLTB) DI KELURAHAN SAGATANI KECAMATAN SINGKAWANG SELATAN." ZIRAA'AH MAJALAH ILMIAH PERTANIAN 47, no. 1 (January 24, 2022): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31602/zmip.v47i1.5862.
Анотація:
People's perceptions of land clearing by burning are still diverse, there are pros and cons about it. As we all know, the land clearing system by slashing and burning is a heritage and culture of farming communities in almost all parts of Indonesia, one of them is the people of the island of Kalimantan. Several solutions have been proposed by the government, including land clearing without burning (PLTB). This program aims to change the behavior of Indonesian farmers who still do land clearing by burning to switch to more environmentally friendly land clearing methods, including converting slashes into compost and wood vinegar. However, until now several programs launched by the government in order to minimize the forest and land fires have not been successful. Increasing the production of hybrid corn commodities is one of the targets for increasing agricultural productivity in West Kalimantan, especially in Singkawang in meeting the demand for hybrid corn which is currently supplied from outside the city. The increase in production cannot be separated from the need for expansion of hybrid corn farming land, which currently the number and focus of increasing hybrid corn farming businesses are in Sagatani Village, South Singkawang District. Problems arise when in their business, hybrid corn farmers in Sagatani Village still use conventional methods in cleaning and clearing land, namely by burning.
11
Untari, Edy H. P. Melmambessy, and David Oscar Simatupang. "Carbon Emissions And Mitigation Actions In Merauke." E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187302009.
Анотація:
Merauke district is one of the areas developing still need clearing land required for the expansion of farming land, Plantations and land clearing to a new settlement.Using forward looking method, Clearing land for the benefit of development produce carbon emissions. Carbon emissions 2014 to 2025 of 40.4 million tons CO2-eq with a total emission clean 20.7 tons CO2-eq. While carbon emissions Merauke in 2030 decreased to 37.3 million tons CO2-eq with a total emission clean of 15.4 million tons CO2-eq. To reduce carbon emissions, Merauke do 6 action plan mitigation in unit agricultural planning wetlands and agriculture dry land, production forest, natural heritage land, an absorbing area, mangrove forests and plantation.The carbon emissions reduction in 2030 namely 15.41 % equivalent to 51.5 million tons CO2-eq decline emissions from 6 mitigation action.
12
Bogne, Allan G. "Clearing Land: Legacies of the American Farm." Agricultural History 80, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 120–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00021482-80.1.120.
13
Luizão, Flávio, Pamela Matson, Gerald Livingston, Regina Luizão, and Peter Vitousek. "Nitrous oxide flux following tropical land clearing." Global Biogeochemical Cycles 3, no. 3 (September 1989): 281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gb003i003p00281.
14
&NA;. "Land Clearing and Development in the Tropics." Soil Science 147, no. 5 (May 1989): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-198905000-00011.
15
Hahn, S. K. "Land clearing and development in the tropics." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 18, no. 4 (April 1987): 382–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(87)90102-2.
16
Myers, Norman. "Land clearing and development in the tropics." Forest Ecology and Management 20, no. 3-4 (August 1987): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(87)90088-0.
17
Fargione, J., J. Hill, D. Tilman, S. Polasky, and P. Hawthorne. "Land Clearing and the Biofuel Carbon Debt." Science 319, no. 5867 (February 29, 2008): 1235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1152747.
18
Helviani, H., and H. Husnaeni. "The Role of Customary Leaders on the Decision Making Process in the Ethics of Land Clearing and Harvesting Process in Rice Farmers in Puday Village, Wonggeduku Barat Sub-District, Konawe District." Agrotech Journal 3, no. 2 (December 28, 2018): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31327/atj.v3i2.817.
Анотація:
Customary leaders have dominant roles and influences, these facts are shown in the land clearing process (monahundau) and the harvesting process (meolu) of paddy rice crop. These processes begin with the opening ceremony or in the form of a small ritual carried out by customary leader numbering one person called Puusaraormandaranosara. The purpose of this study is to find out how the role of customary leaders in decision-making in the ethics of land clearing and harvesting processes in paddy rice farmers. Analysis of the data used in the form of qualitative descriptive analysis, where the data obtained is then described qualitatively using the Miles and Huberman model which consists of three stages, namely (1) Data Reduction, (2) Data Presentation, (3) Conclusion Drawing / Verification. The results of this study indicated that land clearing (monahundau) and the harvesting process (meolu) were influenced by hereditary customs in Puday Village, Wonggeduku Barat Sub-District, Konawe District. Monahundau is a land clearing process which is the first step to open a new planting season every year. Meoluis a harvesting process that is carried out in the same steps as the process of land clearing (observation, reciting intentions and praying silently for the best wishes desired in the harvesting process), and the final step is done by investigating at the rice fields who first turned yellow (ripe), then the rice fields that will be harvested first, the rice begins to be harvested when there is already a statement then the other farmers' land that has yellowed (ripe) may be harvested by themselves (meoludowo). Customary leaders are people chosen by the people of Puday village (puusaraormandaranosara) and have an influnce on decision making in the process of land clearing (monahundau) andharvesting (meolu)
19
Rafki, Jon, Sukanda Husin, and Elwi Danil. "Eradication of Forest Fire and Land through the Application of Criminal Sanctions in Law No. 32 of 2009." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 6, no. 4 (August 10, 2019): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v6i4.963.
Анотація:
Forest and land damage in Indonesia has reached 43 million hectares per year. In general, this is due to unsustainable large-scale exploitation and ecological insufficiency of forest resources for the purpose of harvesting forest products, clearing plantation land and for other purposes such as mining. The problem of forest and land damage as described above is exacerbated by forest and land burning activities as a result of land clearing through burning. The burning of this forest and land has caused smoke pollution, which contributes to global warming and climate change, which in turn has placed its own burden and disturbance on the forest ecosystem.
20
Kaur, K., R. K. Jalota, D. J. Midmore, and J. Rolfe. "Pasture production in cleared and uncleared grazing systems of central Queensland, Australia." Rangeland Journal 27, no. 2 (2005): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj05012.
Анотація:
Clearing land of trees and introducing exotic pastures to enhance pasture and cattle production and hence enterprise financial performance are widely practised in Queensland. The results from many previous studies on tree clearing have emphasised the gains in pasture production, but over periods of less than 10–15 years after clearing. The present study questioned the sustainability of pasture production in cleared systems over a longer time-frame (>10 years of clearing). For this, three different age groups of clearing i.e. 5 year, 11–13 year and 33 year were selected in each of 3 major types of tree communities i.e. Eucalyptus populnea, E. melanophloia and Acacia harpophylla in central Queensland. Paired comparisons of cleared and uncleared (intact) pasture systems were selected for each age group of clearing. The results suggest that the initial gains in pasture production upon clearing were compatible with published studies. However, for longer periods of time since clearing, the gains in pasture production were not sustained and were accompanied by risks of land degradation and loss of pasture plant diversity. For E. populnea and A. harpophylla, the maximum benefits from clearing were achieved at 13–15 years whereas for E. melanophloia, any benefits existed only over a short period of 5–6 years. The study emphasises that each tree community exhibits a specific response with regard to the duration of increased pasture production following clearing. To estimate the total benefits from tree clearing in pasture development, it is important to consider both monetary benefits and non-monetary losses from clearing for different types of tree communities.
21
Schons, Stella Z., Eirivelton Lima, Gregory S. Amacher, and Frank Merry. "Smallholder land clearing and the Forest Code in the Brazilian Amazon." Environment and Development Economics 24, no. 2 (January 30, 2019): 157–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x18000505.
Анотація:
AbstractSmall landholders’ contribution to Amazon deforestation in Brazil has been persistent even after government actions have allowed a steep reduction in the overall annual deforestation area since 2004. We investigate land clearing and the incentives to comply versus not to comply with environmental legislation, allowing for selection into compliance or noncompliance due to unobserved perceptions of Forest Code enforcement. Our dynamic land clearing model is empirically tested through an endogenous switching regression method applied to data collected from households in the Transamazon-BR163 region between 2003 and 2014, when Forest Code enforcement supposedly increased. We show that smallholder compliance and noncompliance preferences lead to a selection problem that must be addressed in any land clearing behavior examination. We find that greater marginalization, longer land tenure and transitions to cattle grazing, but not agricultural rents, are major contributors to forest clearance and incentives not to comply with the Forest Code.
22
McAlpine, C., J. Syktus, and J. Ryan. "Climate change and land clearing: a short note." Australian Zoologist 35, no. 2 (January 2010): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/az.2010.028.
23
Pratiwi, D. I., B. Saktiawan, T. Risfandy, and M. J. S. Toro. "Illegal land clearing and green economy campaign in Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 905, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/905/1/012141.
Анотація:
Abstract Indonesia’s total area of forest and waters is around 130.68 million hectares, but it consistently decreases yearly. The illegal land clearing for agricultural activity is considered as the main cause of the forest reduction, as around 5.6 million hectares of land burned between 2015 and 201 and it costs of hundreds of trillions to the country. In order to lessen the negative impacts of land clearing, Indonesian government indeed has started to promote a green economy campaign, known as sustainable development with an environmental perspective. This study aims to examine the relationship between illegal land clearing and its effect on the Indonesian economy and its relationship with the green economy campaign initiated by the Indonesian government. We use the data from the Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Central Bureau of Statistics, Greenpeace Indonesia, and World Bank to analyze this issue. We find that the governments’ poor regulation and monitoring have caused forest and land fires almost every year and it has huge economic and environmental costs that should be paid by the government. Therefore, a strong law enforcement is needed so that the green economy campaign in Indonesia can be executed properly.
24
GOLDIN, ALAN, and L. M. LAVKULICH. "EFFECTS OF HISTORICAL LAND CLEARING ON ORGANIC MATTER AND NITROGEN LEVELS IN SOILS OF THE FRASER LOWLAND OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA AND WASHINGTON, U.S.A." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 70, no. 4 (November 1, 1990): 583–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss90-061.
Анотація:
Two soils derived from glacial deposits and one from alluvium were examined for changes in organic matter (OM) and nitrogen levels between 1943 and 1983 across the international boundary in the Fraser Lowland of western North America. Duplicate samples were collected from the upper 0.2 m from 60 randomly selected sites on the five land clearing periods (1943–1955, 1955–1966, 1966–1976, 1976–1983, uncleared) on each of three parent materials: glacial outwash, alluvium, and glacialmarine deposits in the United States and Canada. The land clearing periods were determined from medium scale aerial photographs taken in 1943, 1955, 1966, 1976, and 1983. Cultivation results in a 20% loss of OM after 35 yr on all soils. The largest loss is in the first 15 yr on all soils. Changes in N levels on the three parent materials is irregular. C:N narrows on all soils from about 15:1 to about 12:1. Key words: Organic matter, nitrogen, Fraser Lowland, land clearing, air photo interpretation, parent material
25
Wulandari, Eka, and Ersa Tri Fitriasari. "Meta-Analisis Faktor Pendorong Aktivitas Antropogenik Terhadap Karakteristik Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan Gambut di Indonesia." Kaganga:Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah dan Riset Sosial Humaniora 5, no. 1 (June 14, 2022): 50–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/kaganga.v5i1.3569.
Анотація:
The purpose of this research is the use of land in managing the land and doing environmentally friendly treatment in clearing the land. The method that was carried out by meta-analysis with 175 journal articles related to forest and land fires in Indonesia was then identified to produce an inventory of data for meta-analysis. The results of the research through an independence test between the factors driving fires from anthropogenic activities and the characteristics of fires indicate that the factor of weak law enforcement and protection in land tenure is significantly related to the characteristics of fires. The conclusions from this research are that land use rights must be clear and fair, concession holders have managed their land well and provide sanctions for those who violate the applicable regulations and the importance of developing innovations in clearing and managing peatlands without burning according to needs and providing benefits. economy, especially for small farmers, thereby reducing vertical and horizontal conflicts.
Keywords: Land, Fire, Forest.
26
Fensham, Roderick J., Owen Powell, and James Horne. "Rail survey plans to remote sensing: vegetation change in the Mulga Lands of eastern Australia and its implications for land use." Rangeland Journal 33, no. 3 (2011): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj11007.
Анотація:
There is a prevailing paradigm that woody vegetation is expanding at the expense of grassland with reduced burning under pastoralism in the Mulga Lands biogeographic region in eastern Australia. This raises the possibility that the region is acting as a carbon sink. Vegetation boundaries were precisely positioned from rail survey plans dating from 1895 to 1900. This baseline was compared with the position of boundaries on 1952 aerial photography and 2010 Google Earth imagery. The conversion of forest to non-forest by mechanical clearing was also mapped from satellite imagery. There was no consistent trend in the direction of boundary movement for mulga (Acacia aneura F.Muell. ex Benth.), gidgee (Acacia cambagei R.T. Baker) forest or miscellaneous other forest types. The stability of the boundaries, despite the transition from aboriginal management to rangeland pastoralism, contrasts with dramatic declines in tree cover resulting from mechanical clearing. Mapping of forest cover from satellite imagery reveals that conversion of forest to non-forest has reduced mulga forest to 74%, gidgee forest to 30% and miscellaneous forest types to 82% of their original area. Annual clearing rates for the period between 1997 and 2005 were 0.83, 0.95 and 0.43% for those forest types, respectively. Clearing has declined substantially in the period 2005–09 since the advent of recent regulations in Queensland. The area remains a source of carbon emissions but this situation may reverse if restoration of mulga dry forest becomes an attractive land use with an emerging carbon market.
27
Alegre, J. C., D. K. Cassel, and D. E. Bandy. "Reclamation of an Ultisol Damaged by Mechanical Land Clearing." Soil Science Society of America Journal 50, no. 4 (July 1986): 1026–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1986.03615995005000040038x.
28
Bogue, Allan G. "Book Review: Clearing Land: Legacies of the American Farm." Agricultural History 80, no. 1 (January 2006): 120–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ah.2006.80.1.120.
29
Etter, Andres, Clive McAlpine, Stuart Phinn, David Pullar, and Hugh Possingham. "Unplanned land clearing of Colombian rainforests: Spreading like disease?" Landscape and Urban Planning 77, no. 3 (August 2006): 240–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2005.03.002.
30
Melville, Jane. "Conservation genetics of eastern Australian herpetofauna in a rapidly changing landscape: a perspective on conservation management and policy implementation." Pacific Conservation Biology 24, no. 3 (2018): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc18017.
Анотація:
Over the last 200 years Australia has seen wide-scale habitat losses and land-clearing but in the last two decades the rate of loss has been accelerating dramatically, with intensification of land clearing and unprecedented urban growth around most of our major cities. It is within this framework of such rapid change that I have been undertaking conservation genetic research of lizards and frogs over the last 15 years. Here I reflect on the impacts of two rapidly changing landscapes that I have documented through my research. First, the profound impact of land clearing and shifting agricultural practices from mixed-cropping farms to vast broadacre monocultures on the grassland earless dragons of the Condamine River floodplains in south-eastern Queensland. Second, the rapid expansion of the Melbourne urban growth boundaries and how planning processes can impact the future survival of lizard and frog species within an urban environment. Both these cases highlight the impacts of rapid landscape change and emphasise the need for appropriate regulation and planning. Recommendations to slow the detrimental decline and potential extinction of these species include tighter land-clearing regulations and compliance monitoring, plus funding and integration of high-quality research into planning policy at early strategic stages. However, it is also vital that as conservation researchers we effectively communicate to the wider community our knowledge of the impacts that these landscape changes are having on our native flora and fauna.
31
Brandão Jr., Amintas, Lisa Rausch, América Paz Durán, Ciniro Costa Jr., Seth A. Spawn, and Holly K. Gibbs. "Estimating the Potential for Conservation and Farming in the Amazon and Cerrado under Four Policy Scenarios." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (February 10, 2020): 1277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12031277.
Анотація:
Since 2013, clearing rates have rapidly increased in the Amazon and Cerrado biomes. This acceleration has raised questions about the efficacy of current regional public and private conservation policies that seek to promote agricultural production while conserving remnants of natural vegetation. In this study, we assessed conservation and agricultural outcomes of four potential policy scenarios that represent perfect adherence to private sector, zero-deforestation commitments (i.e., the Amazon soy moratorium—ASM and the Amazon cattle agreements—CA) and to varying levels of implementation of the Brazilian Forest Code (FC). Under a zero-clearing scenario, we find that the extent of croplands as of 2017 within the two biomes (31 MHa) could double without further clearing if agriculture were to expand on all previously cleared land that is suitable for crops. Moreover, at least 47 MHa of land that is already cleared but unsuitable for crops would remain available for pasture. Under scenarios in which only legal clearing under the FC could occur, 51 MHa of additional natural vegetation could be cleared. This includes as many as 1 MHa of nonforest vegetation that could be cleared in the Amazon biome without triggering the ASM and CA monitoring systems. Two-thirds of the total vegetation vulnerable to legal clearing is located within the Cerrado biome, and 19 MHa of this land is suitable for cropland expansion. Legal clearing of all of these areas could reduce biodiversity persistence by 4% within the two biomes, when compared with the zero-clearing scenario, and release up to 9 PgCO2e, with the majority (75%) coming from the Cerrado biome. However, when we considered the potential outcomes of full implementation of the FC, we found that 22% (11 MHa) of the 51 MHa of vegetation subject to legal clearing could be protected through the environmental quotas market, while an additional 1 MHa should be replanted across the two biomes, predominantly in the Amazon biome (73% of the area subject to replanting). Together, quotas and replanting could prevent the release of 2 PgCO2e that would otherwise be emitted if all legal clearing occurred. Based on our results, we conclude that ongoing legal clearing could create additional space for cropland and cattle production beyond the substantial existing stocks of cleared areas but would significantly impair local carbon and biodiversity stocks.
32
Barua, Shovon, Ian Cartwright, P. Evan Dresel, and Edoardo Daly. "Using multiple methods to investigate the effects of land-use changes on groundwater recharge in a semi-arid area." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 25, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 89–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-89-2021.
Анотація:
Abstract. Understanding the applicability and uncertainties of methods for documenting recharge rates in semi-arid areas is important for assessing the successive effects of land-use changes and understanding groundwater systems. This study focuses on estimating groundwater recharge rates and understanding the impacts of land-use changes on recharge rates in a semi-arid area in southeast Australia. Two adjacent catchments were cleared ∼180 years ago following European settlement, and a eucalypt plantation forest was subsequently established ∼15 years ago in one of the catchments. Chloride mass balance analysis yields recharge rates of 0.2 to 61.6 mm yr−1 (typically up to 11.2 mm yr−1). The lower of these values probably represents recharge rates prior to land clearing, whereas the higher likely reflects recharge rates following the initial land clearing. The low pre-land-clearing recharge rates are consistent with the presence of old groundwater (residence times up to 24 700 years) and the moderate-to-low hydraulic conductivities (0.31 to 0.002 m d−1) of the aquifers. Recharge rates estimated from tritium activities and water table fluctuations reflect those following the initial land clearing. Recharge rates estimated using water table fluctuations (15 to 500 mm yr−1) are significantly higher than those estimated using tritium renewal rates (0.01 to 89 mm yr−1; typically <14.0 mm yr−1) and approach the long-term average annual rainfall (∼640 mm yr−1). These recharge rates are unrealistic given the estimated evapotranspiration rates of 500 to 600 mm yr−1 and the preservation of old groundwater in the catchments. It is likely that uncertainties in the specific yield results in the water table fluctuation method significantly overestimating recharge rates, and despite the land-use changes, the present-day recharge rates are relatively modest. These results are ultimately important for assessing the impacts of land-use changes and management of groundwater resources in semi-arid regions in Australia and elsewhere.
33
van Assen, B. W., D. H. Azahari, K. Obaideen, and H. R. Al Jaghoub. "Beyond the myths about Indonesia’s deforestation: linking oil palm cultivation to forest degradation and sustainable development goals." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 892, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/892/1/012084.
Анотація:
Abstract Oil palm cultivation is under scrutiny by various stakeholders, arguing that it is the main cause for Indonesia’s deforestation. This paper highlights the decades of forest degradation before the first land clearing for oil palm within the context of Indonesia’s development policies. Using ‘direct photointerpretation’ of ‘Historical Imagery’, it assesses the forest degradation and deforestation caused by oil palm cultivation in Indonesia, particularly in light of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Forest degradation has direct trade-offs with most of the SDGs, with the most affected SDGs being Responsible Consumption and Production (SDG12) and Life on Land (SDG15). Historical satellite imagery indicates that the first land clearing for the 176 Kha of oil palm estates sampled palm occurred around 1994. In contrast, only half of this area contained (natural) forests in 1984- a decade before the first land clearing. None of the remaining forests were (near) intact natural forests; all were (heavily) degraded and their biodiversity was strongly compromised. This indicates that oil palm cultivation is not linked to the degradation of Indonesia’s natural forests. Regarding SDG12, we found significant positive impacts from both the direct and indirect land-use changes by oil palm. For SDG15, we observed major positive impacts from the direct land-use changes and minor positive impacts from the indirect land-use changes. Hence, we conclude that oil palm cultivation in the sampled estates has positive impacts on Indonesia’s SDGs and Indonesia’s development policies align with its SDGs.
34
Mellado, Miguel, Juan A. Encina-Domínguez, José E. García, Eduardo Estrada-Castillón, and José R. Arévalo. "Vegetation Response to Removal of Plant Groups and Grass Seeding in a Microphyllous Desert Shrubland: A 4-Year Field Experiment." Agriculture 11, no. 4 (April 6, 2021): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11040322.
Анотація:
Grazing is one of the most important land management activities worldwide, and cases of overgrazing increase erosion, land degradation, and plant invasion. The objective of this study was to assess the effect on individual species and species composition in response to groups of plants removals or grass seeding after four years of vegetation transformation in a microphyllous desert shrubland excluded from cattle grazing. Nine treatments involved (1) clearing of vegetation and seeding of Bouteloua curtipendula (BOCU), a native grass, (2) clearing and seeding of Chloris gayana (CHGA), an introduce grass from Africa, (3) clearing except for grasses (GRA), (4) clearing except for grasses and fodder shrubs (GRA-SHR), (5) free grazing by cattle (GRAZ), (6) clearing except fodder shrubs (SHR), (7) no modification (CON), (8) clearing of all plants (BARE), and (9) clearing except plants not eaten by cattle (UND). Treatments were replicated five times each in 10 m × 10 m experimental plots. Plots were surveyed for density, cover of all plants, and standing forage. Total plant cover was higher in CON and UND than the other treatments. Except for BOCU, where forage production was the highest, forage production ha−1 was low among all other treatments. Plant density was highest in SHR and lowest in CON. Results after four years of transformation indicate that seeded Chloris gayana failed to become established, but seeding of Bouteloua curtipendula was able to persist, and had the greatest influence on the vegetation restoration, which is what we consider the most appropriate restoration treatment.
35
Hamdani, Hamdani, and Retantyo Wardoyo. "A review on fuzzy multi-criteria decision making land clearing for oil palm plantation." International Journal of Advances in Intelligent Informatics 1, no. 2 (July 31, 2015): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.26555/ijain.v1i2.26.
Анотація:
Our review paper research categorize the methods in the method of Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Making (FMCDM) to find the method is widely used in the case of land clearing for plantation. Model FMCDM is used to assess the parameter in multi-criteria-based decision making. The dominant percentage of the result was obtained using Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) method. While the application of other methods for the same problem are Fuzzy Ordered Weighted Averaging (FOWA), Fuzzy Elimination Et Choix Traduisant la Realite or Elimination and Choice Translating Reality (FELECTRE), Fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (FTOPSIS), Fuzzy, Artificial Neural Networks (FANNs) has less. Some the research result also implemented hybrid in FMCDM Method to give some weight in the assessment of decision making. There was also a paper which integrates FMCDM to the GIS method on the land clearing. Therefore, it is concluded that the issue on the land clearing can be done through collaboration of several models of FMCDM, so that it can be developed by involving the decision model using multi-stakeholder model
36
Widyanti, Ari. "Ergonomic Checkpoint in Agriculture, Postural Analysis, and Prevalence of Work Musculoskeletal Symptoms among Indonesian Farmers: Road to Safety and Health in Agriculture." Jurnal Teknik Industri 20, no. 1 (June 17, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/jti.20.1.1-10.
Анотація:
Agriculture is one of the most crucial and hazardous sectors in both the developing and the developed countries. The agriculture area has a various problem related to safety and health, calling an urgent research to solve the problem. The purpose of this study is to apply ergonomics checkpoint in agriculture (developed by ILO) in Indonesian as well as to observe the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among Indonesian farmers.251 Indonesian farmers participate voluntarily in this study. “Ergonomic checkpoint in agriculture” as a tool to reduce agriculture-related accident and increase productivity is assessed by student researcher. Prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS) is assessed using Nordic body map that is filling out by participants. Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA), and postural analysis using 3 dimension Static Prediction Program (3D SSPP) are applied to observe the risk activities of Indonesian farmers including the manual hoe for land clearing, grass cutting for land clearing, planting the rice, manual plow, giving fertilizer, harvesting, threshing, cleaning the rice from the straw, and sun-drying of rice. According to ergonomics checkpoints, material handling and storage are the worst in Indonesian agriculture, coupled with minimum safety information, toilet and washing facilities, and first aid. The high-risk activities are manual hoe for land clearing, manual plow, grass cutting for land clearing and threshing. The reported MSS mainly found in the shoulder and lower back.In conclusion, Indonesian agriculture is in a poor ergonomics condition and is associated with high musculoskeletal symptoms. The postural analysis also reveals a high risk of farmer activities.
37
Schofield, NJ. "Predicting the effects of land disturbances on stream salinity in southwest Western Australia." Soil Research 26, no. 2 (1988): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9880425.
Анотація:
A model developed by A. J. Peck to predict the effects of land disturbances on stream salinity has been extended to take account of increased stream runoff, and applied to the jarrah forest region with improved parameter estimates. Validation on Wights experimental catchment suggests that the model is capable of reliable predictions in the case of agricultural clearing. However, the extended model did not provide discernibly better predictions than the original model. When applied to rainfall zones of the northern jarrah forest of W.A., the model predicted that agricultural clearing would result in average stream salinity increases of -70 mg 1 for the high rainfall zone (> 1100 mm yr-1), of -270 mg L-1 for the intermediate rainfall zone (900-1100 mm yr-1), and of ~3400 mg L-1 for the low rainfall zone (<900 mm yr-1). In the case of bauxite mining followed by reforestation, the model was limited to consideration of long-term effects, and neglected transient effects. Predicted stream salinity increases were considerably smaller than for agricultural clearing, primarily because mining involves clearing smaller areas, and these areas are reforested. The model is sensitive to variations in parameter values which implies that a wide range of stream salinity increases could occur within any one rainfall zone, due to the variation of local conditions.
38
Kutt, A. S., E. P. Vanderduys, D. Ferguson, and M. Mathieson. "Effect of small-scale woodland clearing and thinning on vertebrate fauna in a largely intact tropical savanna mosaic." Wildlife Research 39, no. 4 (2012): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr11171.
Анотація:
Context Habitat degradation and fragmentation of vegetation can transform and deplete local wildlife populations, and is a key threatening process globally. In northern Australian tropical savannas, clearing is relatively rare across the biome, although it is slowly intensifying as a result of increasing agricultural development. However, the terrestrial vertebrates in these largely intact landscapes are undergoing current population declines because of a variety of land-management changes, one of which is increasing land clearing; therefore, there is a need to understand the relative effect of small-scale land clearing the fauna. Aims The present study examined the variation in abundance of birds, mammals and reptiles in intact, thinned and cleared Eucalyptus woodlands in a tropical savanna bioregion. Methods The vertebrate fauna were sampled in 88 sites over two general geographic locations within the Desert Uplands in 2005 and 2006. Standardised 1-ha surveys were employed in a single vegetation type and across three treatments. As two discrete locations were examined, linear mixed models were used in the analysis. Key results The fauna composition varied significantly across the intact, thinned and cleared sites. Bird species richness reduced from intact to thinned and cleared sites, and reptile richness and abundance declined in cleared sites, but was largely unaffected by thinning. Seventeen bird species recorded significant variation in abundance across the three vegetation structural types, with 12 most abundant in the intact sites. Mammals on the whole were recorded in very low abundances and in few sites. For reptiles, two were most abundant in thinned sites and three in intact sites. Conclusions In the present study, we have demonstrated that small-scale clearing and vegetation manipulation via thinning, even within largely intact tropical savanna woodland, can cause localised depletion of some species, although most notably where the vegetation disruption was most severe (i.e. clearing). Birds are most affected, and many species that declined in abundance are the same as those that suffered severe population reductions as a result of broad-scale clearing in south-eastern Australia. Implications The proposed increase in the intensity of agricultural land use in northern Australia will result in incremental landscape change as a result of clearing. Understanding how the gradual reduction of vegetation cover and habitat will change the faun assemblage is important for pre-emptive conservation planning. This is vital to avoid the mistakes of extensive landscape change in southern Australia that has left a legacy of a permanently depleted fauna.
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TAKASAKI, YOSHITO. "Dynamic household models of forest clearing under distinct land and labor market institutions: can agricultural policies reduce tropical deforestation?" Environment and Development Economics 12, no. 3 (June 2007): 423–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x07003567.
Анотація:
This paper develops four agricultural household models of forest clearing – as both an input for current production and an investment in future production – over two periods under distinct land and labor market institutions. Five different effects of policies on farmers' forest clearing decisions are identified. Careful comparison of their relative magnitudes reveals (potential) pro-forest policies under distinct market conditions. In Latin American countries, poor early settlers are often bid off their cleared land after or without cultivation by wealthy large holders. With this ‘sell-out effect,’ price transfer and technological transfer for soil management targeting poor colonists and policy reforms eliminating land price distortions are recommended to arrest deforestation. On the other hand, especially in places where land transaction opportunities are nil like Sub-Saharan African countries, policies promoting non-agricultural activities among poor farmers are needed.
40
Melillo, J. M., C. A. Palm, R. A. Houghton, G. M. Woodwell, and N. Myers. "A Comparison of Two Recent Estimates of Disturbance in Tropical Forests." Environmental Conservation 12, no. 1 (1985): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900015137.
Анотація:
The two best-documented studies of annual rates of clearing of tropical forests appear to come to very different conclusions; the published FAO/UNEP estimate is 7.4 × 106 ha cleared annually during the late 1970s, and the NAS (National Academy of Sciences) estimate is 22.0 × 106 ha disturbed annually during the same period. Closer examination reveals that when corrections are made for differences in forest types included in the studies, and for differences in definitions of ‘deforestation’ (FAO/UNEP) and ‘conversion’ (NAS), there appears to be general agreement on the rate of deforestation in tropical closed broad-leafed forests: 5.9 × 106 ha (FAO/UNEP) and 7.5 × 106 ha (NAS) per year for the late 1970s. ‘Deforestation’ is defined according to the FAO/UNEP report and is the transformation of closed tropical-broad-leafed forests to either land in the shifting-cultivation cycle or permanently-cleared land.‘Deforestation’ sensu FAO/UNEP is a more restricted term than the term ‘conversion’ used in the NAS report. ‘Conversion’ includes ‘deforestation’ sensu FAO/UNEP as well as: (1) the temporary clearing of fallow-cycle vegetation from land already in the shifting-cultivation cycle for short-term subsistence agriculture; and (2) the permanent clearing of fallow-cycle vegetation and thus the removal of land from the shifting-cultivation cycle.
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Yuwono, Arief Sabdo, Iskandar, Muhammad Fauzan, Elsy Gustika Buana, Agung Abdul Ra’up, and Ety Herwati. "Construction cleared land impact on air quality deterioration: quantification of soil borne dustfall and suspended particulate generation." MATEC Web of Conferences 258 (2019): 01016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925801016.
Анотація:
Impact of land clearing during construction that generate dustfall and suspended particulate in ambient air is awfully obvious to observe. According to Indonesian standard as stipulated in Government Regulation (PP) no. 41/1999 pertaining to Air Pollution Control, dustfall and suspended particulate are two important parameters of ambient air quality. However, it remains a problem on how to predict the quantity of dustfall and suspended particulate that is potentially generated during construction land clearing due to lack of prediction method. In this research, a simple way to predict this number has been developed by applying mathematical expressions that are based on a series of laboratory and field experiments covering 15 soil types in Java and Sumatra Islands of Indonesia in 2013-2017. The mathematical formulas can now be implemented directly as a part of an environmental impact assessment, especially in the part of impact prediction of land clearing on air quality change. The formula consists of four parameters, i.e. soil types, local wind velocity, soil moisture content, and percentage of land cover. By inputting these four parameters in the mathematical equation simultaneously, one could directly obtain the quantity of dustfall and suspended particulate generation due to any human activity, such as construction land clearing. The quantity of the generated dustfall is expressed in [ton/km2/month], whereas the suspended particulate generation is expressed in [ug/Nm3] in compliance with the national standard of air quality, i.e. PP No.41/1999. Currently, calculation of the generated dustfall and suspended particulate could be carried out faster and even simpler by using a programmed spreadsheet containing all equations, limitations and terms of conditions that have been compiled during the last five year research campaign.
42
Yuniarti, Yuniarti, Asysyifa Asysyifa, and Fonny Rianawati. "KEARIFAN LOKAL MASYARAKAT ADAT DALAM KEGIATAN PEMBUKAAN LAHAN DI DESA BALAWAIAN KABUPATEN TAPIN PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN." Jurnal Sylva Scienteae 3, no. 6 (January 11, 2022): 1141. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jss.v3i6.4732.
Анотація:
One of the factors causing forest fires is the negligence of the use of fire in land clearing activities in farming. However, the Meratus Dayak community conducts farming activities accompanied by local wisdom with all traditional traditions and rituals so as not to cause fire. The Balawaian Village has the same pattern of land clearing as the pattern commonly carried out by the Meratus Dayak community. This study aims to identify patterns of land clearing activities carried out by the indigenous Balawaian Village based on local wisdom in relation to efforts to prevent forest and land fires. Through in-depth interviews, data processing is done with descriptive qualitative methods, which provide an overview of all the facts obtained in the field. Based on the results of Indigenous Peoples' Local Wisdom Research in Land Opening Activities in Balawaian Village, Tapin Regency, namely the pattern of land clearing carried out by indigenous people in Balawaian Village by slashing and burning or slash and burn followed by rituals and traditional rules such as land for farming (bamimpi), thanksgiving during land clearing (baandak) and burning (manyalukut) where there is local wisdom in efforts to control fire during manyalukut activities such as making reserves, burning in the opposite direction of the wind, and guarding and controlling fire while burning so as not to spread.Salah satu faktor penyebab kebakaran hutan yaitu kelalaian penggunaan api dalam kegiatan pembukaan lahan dalam berladang. Namun masyarakat Dayak Meratus melakukan kegiatan berladang diiringi dengan kearifan lokal dengan segala tradisi dan ritual adat sehingga tidak mengakibatkan kebakaran. Masyarakat Desa Balawaian apakah memiliki pola pembukaan lahan yang sama dengan pola yang umumnya dilakukan oleh masyarakat Dayak Meratus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pola kegiatan pembukaan lahan yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat adat Desa Balawaian berdasarkan kearifan lokal setempat dalam hubungannya dengan upaya pencegahan kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Melalui wawancara secara mendalam (in depth interview), pengolahan data dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif yaitu memberikan gambaran tentang semua fakta yang diperoleh di lapangan. Berdasarkan hasil Penelitian Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat Adat Dalam Kegiatan Pembukaan Lahan di Desa Balawaian Kabupaten Tapin yaitu pola pembukaan lahan yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat adat Desa Balawaian dengan dengan cara tebas dan bakar atau slash and burn yang diikuti dengan ritual dan aturan adat seperti penetapan lahan untuk berladang (bamimpi), syukuran saat pembersihan lahan (baandak) dan pembakaran (manyalukut) dimana terdapat kearifan lokal dalam upaya pengendalian kebakaran saat kegiatan manyalukut seperti pembuatan ladangan, membakar dengan cara berlawanan arah angin, serta melakukan penjagaan dan pengawasan terhadap api saat sedang membakar agar tidak menjalar.
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Schmidt, Susanne, and Rebecca E. Lamblea. "Nutrient dynamics in Queensland savannas: implications for the sustainability of land clearing for pasture production." Rangeland Journal 24, no. 1 (2002): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj02005.
Анотація:
Eucalyptus savannas on low nutrient soils are being extensively cleared in Queensland. In this paper we provide background information relevant to understanding nutrient (particularly nitrogen) dynamics in sub/tropical savanna, and review the available evidence relevant to understanding the potential impact of clearing Eucalyptus savanna on nutrient relations. The limited evidence presently available can be used to argue for the extreme positions that: (i) woody vegetation competes with grasses for resources, and tree/shrub clearing improves pasture production, (ii) woody vegetation benefits pasture production. At present, the lack of fundamental knowledge about Australian savanna nutrient relations makes accurate predictions about medium- and long-term effects of clearing on nutrient relations in low nutrient savannas difficult. The future of cleared savannas will differ if herbaceous species maintain all functions that woody vegetation has previously held, or if woody species have functions distinct from those of herbaceous vegetation. Research suggests that savanna soils are susceptible to nitrate leaching, and that trees improve the nutrient status of savanna soils in some situations. The nitrogen capital of cleared savanna is at risk if mobile ions are not captured efficiently by the vegetation, and nitrogen input via N2 fixation from vegetation and microbiotic crusts is reduced. In order to predict clearing effects on savanna nutrient relations, research should be directed to answering (i) how open or closed nutrient cycles are in natural and cleared savanna, (ii) which functions are performed by savanna constituents such as woody and herbaceous vegetation, native and exotic plant species, termites, and microbiotic crusts in relation to nutrient cycles. In the absence of detailed knowledge about savanna functioning, clearing carries the risk of promoting continuous nutrient depletion.
44
Cowie, B. A., C. M. Thornton, and B. J. Radford. "The Brigalow Catchment Study: I. Overview of a 40-year study of the effects of land clearing in the brigalow bioregion of Australia." Soil Research 45, no. 7 (2007): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr07063.
Анотація:
This paper describes a long-term, paired-catchment study, its broad findings, and considerations for future resource management of brigalow lands in north-eastern Australia. The Brigalow Catchment Study (BCS) commenced in 1965 with a pre-clearing calibration phase of 17 years to define the hydrology of 3 adjoining catchments (12–17 ha). After 2 catchments were cleared in 1982, 3 land uses (brigalow forest Acacia harpophylla, cropping, and grazed pasture) were monitored for water balance, resource condition and productivity, providing information for scientific understanding and resource management of the major land uses of the brigalow bioregion. In addition, this paper draws upon several project reviews to highlight the value of the BCS as an ‘outdoor laboratory’, its data resource, and to reflect on the study’s scientific rigor to support present and future value. An assessment of the BCS against national and international attributes of best practice for long-term studies showed the study to rate highly in aspects of design, implementation, monitoring, and data management, and moderately in formal publication, strategic management, and networking. The literature shows that Brigalow Catchment Study is the longest paired-catchment study in Australia, and continues to sample the interactions between climate, soils, water, land use, and management. Finally, this paper provides the context for component-specific papers on changes in hydrology, productivity, and salt balance. Results from the study to date include: a doubling of runoff after clearing, a reduction in wheat yield by more than 60% over 20 years, a halving of pasture availability 3 years after clearing, a decline in cattle liveweight gain of 4 kg/ha.year over an 8-year period with a constant stocking rate, and the leaching of 60% of the root-zone (0–1.5 m) chloride after clearing for cropping. Unanticipated applications of the data from the study include: (i) a crucial set of soil samples for calibration of the RothC soil carbon model used to estimate Australia’s soil carbon emissions; and (ii) estimates of deep drainage as a basis for salinity risk assessment in the region.
45
Mbaabu, P. R., U. Schaffner, and S. Eckert. "INVASION OF SAVANNAS BY PROSOPIS TREES IN EASTERN AFRICA: EXPLORING THEIR IMPACTS ON LULC DYNAMICS, LIVELIHOODS AND IMPLICATIONS ON SOIL ORGANIC CARBON STOCKS." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2021 (June 28, 2021): 335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2021-335-2021.
Анотація:
Abstract. Trees of the genus Prosopis from the Americas, were introduced in Eastern Africa in the 1970s to mitigate land degradation and its associated disservices. However, over time these trees have spread and invaded valuable grasslands and croplands and consequently led to significant land use and land cover (LULC) changes and livelihood stress. Early detection of invasive species is essential for formulating effective management strategies to prevent further spread into non-invaded lands and for monitoring the outcome of management interventions. We mapped the spatio-temporal evolution and dynamics of Prosopis invasion, its impacts on LULC and livelihoods in Baringo, Kenya by applying a Random Forest classifier on Landsat satellite data over seven-year intervals from 1988 – 2016. We then linked the LULC changes to soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks that we had measured for the different LULCs and also to socio-economic data on annual costs of clearing Prosopis from farmlands. By 2016, Prosopis had invaded 18,792 ha of land, spreading at a rate of 640 ha/yr, while all other land uses and land cover declined, each by over 40% of its original coverage in 1988. Through LULC specific SOC measurements, and relating the changes to annual costs of clearing Prosopis, we found that Prosopis removal and restoration to grassland is more effective for climate change mitigation compared to Prosopis “cultivation” while also avoiding trade-offs with other ecosystem services and livelihoods. Therefore, future management of this species in Kenya and Eastern Africa should be based on a more collaborative and integrated approach.
46
Cohen, Eliot A., and Kevin M. Cahill. "Clearing the Fields: Solutions to the Global Land Mines Crisis." Foreign Affairs 74, no. 2 (1995): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20047068.
47
Magadlela, A. M., M. E. Dabaan, W. B. Bryan, E. C. Prigge, J. G. Skousen, G. E. D'Souza, B. L. Arbogast, and G. Flores. "Brush Clearing on Hill Land Pasture with Sheep and Goats." Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 174, no. 1 (February 1995): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037x.1995.tb00188.x.
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O'Brien, E. "Clearing the Fields: Solutions to the Global Land Mines Crisis." BMJ 310, no. 6988 (May 6, 1995): 1212–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.310.6988.1212a.
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