Статті в журналах: "Clean-room manufacturing"

1

TAKAHASHI, Kozo, and Katsuhito YAGI. "Super clean room system for semiconductor manufacturing." Journal of Environmental Conservation Engineering 14, no. 5 (1985): 416–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5956/jriet.14.416.

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2

Quarini, G. L., and Y. C. Chang. "Experimental Measurements and Theoretical Predictions of the Thermohydraulic Performance of Clean Rooms for the Semi-Conductor Industry." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 210, no. 1 (February 1996): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1996_210_288_02.

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There is a need to engineer working areas where air-borne pollution is below specified limits. This need arises from activities as diverse as food processing, semi-conductor manufacture and surgery. In this paper, detailed experimental measurements of flows in a semiconductor manufacturing room are reported. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been used to study the flows within the room. Good agreement was found between the measured and predicted mean flow velocity distributions. Both the experimental measurements and the numerical predictions suggest that the ventilation system used in this room, which is of a common industrial design, does not produce ideal clean room conditions.

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Schneider, Germar, Thi Quynh Nguyen, Matthias Taubert, Julien Bounouar, Catherine Le-Guet, Andreas Leibold, Helene Richter, and Markus Pfeffer. "Contamination Control for Wafer Container Used within 300 mm Manufacturing for Power Microelectronics." Solid State Phenomena 255 (September 2016): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.255.381.

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This paper gives an overview about all activities performed within a common project between industrial and academic partners to define clean room concepts for the first worldwide high volume semiconductor front end facility IFD for 300 mm power semiconductors. The investigation within this study is the base for the 300 mm container strategy resulting in new innovative manufacturing and automation concepts.

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4

Roth, N., and B. Schneider. "Clean Room Industrial Robot for Handling and Assembly in Semiconductor Industry." CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology 42, no. 1 (January 1993): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-8506(07)62383-x.

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5

Wang, Fu Guo. "29.1: A Real‐time On‐line Illumination and Light Decline Monitoring Technology." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 54, S1 (April 2023): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.16261.

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Mask plays major role in the photolithography process during whole TFT manufacturing. The photolithography process transfers the desired pattern on mask into panel substrate, which forms some portions of device and performs some electric or optical functions. Due to pattern continuously duplicated, a correct pattern shape of mask is very important in the photolithography process. An abnormal pattern will results in huge loss of yield and cost.The haze, a foreign matter grown or deposited on the surface of mask, is already a prevalent phenomenon in TFT photolithography manufacturing or well known in semiconductor manufacturing. It is already well identified that it is highly related to the storage environment of mask, that is, the so called AMC (Airborne Molecular Contamination).A summarized mask haze classification based on past industrial service experience is proposed and a case study result with haze sampling at the site of mask manufacturer is followed in this review to show the understanding of the recently state of the art about mask haze in TFT industry.With the development of industrial technology, the clean room area of TFT panel and semiconductor plant construction project is getting larger and larger (a single clean area of 100,000 square meters), and the investment cost is getting higher and higher. The owners have higher and higher requirements on the cost control and intelligence of the project, including plant construction cost, operating cost and energy saving, which have been highly concerned by the owners. In the actual execution of TFT panels and semiconductor projects, owners often hear the problems about clean room lighting system, which are summarized as follows: The illumination required by the process is 400lux, and the initial design is 600lux. By artificially opening the number of lamps, the attenuation problem of the light source for a long time in the later period is compensated. The owner needs to close several circuits of lamps in the early stage to meet the illuminance requirements of the clean room. If the lamps and lanterns are not closed in the early stage, part of the operation cost and energy waste will be caused; With the passage of time, the illumination of clean room will also decrease with time, and when to what illumination should be opened several circuit lamps, in order to meet the needs of clean room process? But also not waste energy and so on; With the operation of the plant, when can the illumination of the clean room lamps and lanterns not meet the requirements of the process when they are all opened? And when do light fixtures need to be replaced? Part of the lamps are broken. Whether the illuminance of the clean room in this area is much lux, and whether it meets the illuminance demand of the process, etc.; In the illuminance test when the project is completed and handed over to the owner, it is usually done by outsourcing or management personnel at different points to measure manually on the spot, which consumes time and labor cost, and if the instrument measurement is wrong, the amount of newly measured works is relatively huge, etc. When do clean room lamps need to be replaced? The owner will normally deal with the above problems: If more experienced owners turn on or off the number of lamps and lanterns based on their experience, there are also risks of energy waste and insufficient illumination; All open to meet the illuminance demand, there is excessive waste of energy and operation costs; With the passage of time, light source attenuation, part of the lamps are broken, usually artificial field measurement, to confirm whether the lamps need to be replaced, time and labor costs; If the process department doubts the illuminance value of the factory department, it also needs to measure on site or find the data of the completed illuminance test before as the basis, especially the existing clean room renovation project; The measurement of completion acceptance is usually on‐site measurement or outsourcing can provide corresponding data to prove acceptance, etc.; According to the above problems, this paper describes a real‐ time online illuminance and light decline monitoring technology to deal with the actual problems of TFT panel and semiconductor. Automatic control is realized for the closing and opening of the owner's lamps through the cumulative average illuminance, etc., and the requirements of the process illuminance are met to save energy consumption and operating costs; The real‐time cumulative monitoring of the luminescence life curve of this technology is compared with the luminescence life curve provided or tested by the manufacturer, which can confirm the early warning and comparison of the deviation between the actual luminescence life and the luminescence life provided by the manufacturer, so that the owners can purchase or replace the number and area of the luminescence in advance;

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Berthod, Faustine, Lucie Bouchoud, Febronia Grossrieder, Ludivine Falaschi, Salim Senhaji, and Pascal Bonnabry. "Learning good manufacturing practices in an escape room: Validation of a new pedagogical tool." Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice 26, no. 4 (September 29, 2019): 853–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078155219875504.

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Introduction Chemotherapies are handled using Good Manufacturing Practices, which ensure asepsis and high-quality production. Continuous education is compulsory and usually includes theoretical and practical exercises. Objectives This work aimed to validate an innovative method of teaching good manufacturing practices based on an escape room mixing simulation and gaming. Method Pairs of learners were locked in a simulated clean room (Esclean Room) and had 1 hour to produce a chemotherapy and escape by finding solutions to 23 “Good Manufacturing Practices mysteries” linked to combination locks. To measure the experiment’s impact on teaching, questionnaires including the 23 mysteries (in different orders) were filled in before, just after and one month after escape from the Esclean Room. Pharmacy staff’ degrees of certainty were noted for each question. A satisfaction survey was completed. Results Seventy-two learners (29% senior pharmacists, 14% junior pharmacists, and 57% pharmacy technicians) escaped the Esclean Room and 56 answered every questionnaire. The educational intervention resulted in increases in correct answers and certainty. Correct answers rose from 57% in the first questionnaire to 80% in the third ( p < 0.001). Certainty scores rose from 50% before the experiment to 70% one month afterwards ( p < 0.001). Despite 68% of learners having never taken part in an escape room game before, 79% liked this educational method. Conclusion This study built and tested a pedagogical escape room involving a high risk, professional, pharmacy process. The use of this pharmacy technology simulation had a positive impact on pharmacy staff theoretical knowledge.

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Li, Jianfeng, and Ya-Fei Zhou. "Occupational hazards control of hazardous substances in clean room of semiconductor manufacturing plant using CFD analysis." Toxicology and Industrial Health 31, no. 2 (January 4, 2013): 123–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233712469996.

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8

Syafei, M. Yani, and Tisa Lokadipati LS. "Improving Work System by Reducing Setup Time Activity in Drying Room in Pharmaceutical Industry with Single Minutes Exchange Die (SMED)." JIE Scientific Journal on Research and Application of Industrial System 3, no. 1 (November 12, 2018): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33021/jie.v3i1.497.

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<p>Pharmaceutical industry especially that move in generic products, have many kinds of products to be manufactured in its production lines with the shortest possible time. This condition causes the frequent of changeover process. This cause requires the company to further improve the effectiveness of the machine by reducing the time of changeover process in terms of setup and clean-up machine. In order to reducing the time of setup and clean-up activity use the method of approaches the SMED analysis method to reduce unnecessary motion waste (value added and non-value added derived from lean manufacturing). Before conduct the research, in the 5th production line was not in the Kanban system. So, it often occurs the changeover process. The longest changeover time is in the drying room. After that conduct the Time and Motion Study in order to know the detail setup activities in the drying room. This is due to problems in the working methods and environment factors. Based on data from observations made on the engine FBD, there are 49 activities comprising 44 internal activities and 5 activities that can be converted to an external. Then from 44 internal activities, only 43 were able to be combined activity of up to 11 activities. Results from this study is able to decrease setup time and clean-up on the machine FBD by 62.18%. Based on this result also, this can increase the productivity of the production line.<br />Keywords: Unnecessary motion waste, Lean Manufacturing, Value added, Non-value added, Changeover process, SMED.</p>

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9

Amin, M. Ruhul, Azizul Haque, Avishek Biswas, and Taufiq Hassan Mozumder. "Preparation and labeling of technitium-99m kit In pharmaceutical grade clean room." Journal of Chemical Engineering 27, no. 2 (January 29, 2014): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jce.v27i2.17798.

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Technetium-99m radiopharmaceuticals are in widespread use owing to the availability and affordability of 99Mo/99m-Tc generators and the variety of kits for formulating the desired products. Together, they provide an array of specific tools for diagnosing a large number of diseases affecting the bones and major organs of the body such as the heart, brain, liver, kidney and thyroid. Nuclear medicine requires high quality radiopharmaceuticals and kits that are safe for administration and efficacious for a given application. In Bangladesh, no commercial production was done before this. This paper presents the theoretical basis of and describes the procedures for preparing three selected kits. Details of the ingredients are also included. The procedures described here can be used to develop manuals and standard operating procedures in Bangladesh. This report is expected to serve as a guide to radiopharmaceutical manufacturing centers and centralized pharmacies involved in the production of such kits in the current environment of Bangladesh. It will be a useful resource for many hospital radio pharmacy departments that routinely use the kits to compound 99m-Tc radiopharmaceuticals. Three kits namely: MDP, DMSA and DTPA were prepared. Paper Chromatography was involved to disparate the polar and non-polar part of the kit-solution and finally gamma spectrometry (HPGe) to deduce the Radiochemical Purity (RCP). By reviewing purity values, it was found that only DMSA has passed the 95% barrier which is the required percentage for safe application. This paper suggests that the findings require more practice and involve such exquisite points, which will contribute in the production of Tc-99m vivo-kits at Radioisotope Production Division (RIPD), AERE, INST and in their projected future mass production successfully. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jce.v27i2.17798 Journal of Chemical Engineering, IEB Vol. ChE. 27, No. 2, December 2012: 31-35

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10

Mishra, Devendra Kumar, and Shubham Shukla. "A Concept of Process Validation in Pharmaceutical Industries." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 5, no. 6 (July 15, 2020): 1427–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20jun1073.

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The aim of the article is to provide a brief presentation and general review on the criticalness of technical support of the pharmaceutical collecting strategy to ensure the security and minimization of the microbial turn of events. The process validation in the manufacturing unit is highly important to verify the surety at each and every stage of production. The microbial danger to aseptically created things in pharmaceutical clean rooms can be reviewed by the use of significant conditions that model the dispersing, move and explanation of microbial contamination, and the usage of numerical characteristics or risk descriptors. This should be conceivable in two-stages, with the primary stage used to overview the trading of contamination from the whole of the sources inside the clean room suite and the resulting stage used to assess both air and surface contact pollution inside fundamental creation locales. These two systems can be used to assess and diminish microbial danger at the basic structure period of the clean room and related collecting processor, brilliantly, for a developed gathering movement. Along these lines, underwriting is a basic piece of value confirmation. This separates the need for pharmaceutical and underwriting, the different ways of thinking, methods, and steps to be checked during the gathering process.

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Chung, Tae-Eun. "Estimation Model of Energy Expenditure of Working in a Clean Room for Manufacturing Embedded Needles by Ergonomic Programs." Transactions of the Society of CAD/CAM Engineers 21, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7315/cadcam.2016.069.

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12

Samotaev, Nikolay, Konstantin Oblov, and Anastasia Ivanova. "Laser Micromilling Technology as a Key for Rapid Prototyping SMD ceramic MEMS devices." MATEC Web of Conferences 207 (2018): 04003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820704003.

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The flexible laser micromilling technology for ceramic MEMS producing of microhotplate in the surface mounted device (SMD) package for the metal oxide (MOX) gas sensors is describing. There are discusses technological and economic aspects of small-scale production of gas MOX sensors in comparison with classical clean room technologies using for mass production MEMS devices. The main technical factors affecting on using MOX sensors in various applications are presented. Current results demonstrate that using described technology possible to manufacturing all parts of MOX gas sensor in the SMD form-factor SOT-23 package type.

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13

Shields, Rob, and Kevin West. "Innovation in clean-room construction: a case study of co-operation between firms." Construction Management and Economics 21, no. 4 (June 2003): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0144619032000111232.

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Breitfeld, Andreas, Holger Freyer, and Pierre Conflant. "Square Foot Manufacturing - Concept and Design of an Electrorheological Inchworm Feed Drive." Advanced Materials Research 1018 (September 2014): 427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1018.427.

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This scientific contribution presents a novel concept and design of a hydraulic inchworm feed drive based on an electrorheological suspension. This feed drive is ought to power Micro Machining Units (MMU) of Square Foot Manufacturing (SFM) modules. The transfer of energy is conducted by an electrorheological suspension, a field-responsive fluid that allows the use of small, rugged and simple micro valves. Both of the presented feed drive’s prototypes comprise electrorheological micro valves as primary actuators and flexible metal bellows as secondary actuators in two configurations. The combination of electrorheological micro valves with flexible metal bellows allows a very compact and sealed design that avoids dynamic seals and therefore leakages making the electrorheological inchworm feed drive suitable for a wide spectrum of motion solution including clean room applications.

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Rusconi, Giulio, Giuseppe Cusumano, Luca Mariotta, Reto Canevascini, Mauro Gola, Rosalba Gornati, and Gianni Soldati. "Upgrading Monocytes Therapy for Critical Limb Ischemia Patient Treatment: Pre-Clinical and GMP-Validation Aspects." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 20 (October 21, 2022): 12669. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012669.

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Advanced cell therapy medicinal products (ATMP) are at the forefront of a new range of biopharmaceuticals. The use of ATMP has evolved and increased in the last decades, representing a new approach to treating diseases that are not effectively managed with conventional treatments. The standard worldwide recognized for drug production is the Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), widely used in the pharma production of synthesized drugs but applying also to ATMP. GMP guidelines are worldwide recognized standards to manufacture medicinal products to guarantee high quality, safety, and efficacy. In this report, we describe the pre-clinical and the GMP upgrade of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) preparation, starting from peripheral blood and ending up with a GMP-grade clinical product ready to be used in patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI). We also evaluated production in hypoxic conditions to increase PBMC functional activity and angiogenic potential. Furthermore, we extensively analyzed the storage and transport conditions of the final product as required by the regulatory body for ATMPs. Altogether, results suggest that the whole manufacturing process can be performed for clinical application. Peripheral blood collected by a physician should be transported at room temperature, and PBMCs should be isolated in a clean room within 8 h of venipuncture. Frozen cells can be stored in nitrogen vapors and thawed for up to 12 months. PBMCs resuspended in 5% human albumin solution should be stored and transported at 4 °C before injection in patients within 24 h to thawing. Hypoxic conditioning of PBMCs should be implemented for clinical application, as it showed a significant enhancement of PBMC functional activity, in particular with increased adhesion, migration, and oxidative stress resistance. We demonstrated the feasibility and the quality of a GMP-enriched suspension of monocytes as an ATMP, tested in a clean room facility for all aspects related to production in respect of all the GMP criteria that allow its use as an ATMP. We think that these results could ease the way to the clinical application of ATMPs.

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Vereecke, Guy, Karine Kenis, Kurt Wostyn, and Efrain Altamirano Sanchez. "Ice-VII-like Structure Observed By XRD in Water Confined in Silica Nanoholes." ECS Transactions 108, no. 4 (May 20, 2022): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10804.0111ecst.

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In advanced semiconductor manufacturing, deep hydrophilic nanoholes are found in various applications, which require a wet clean after patterning. However, wetting of high aspect ratio nanoholes was showed to be incomplete for non-settled reasons. In this study, X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to characterize water confined in deep nanoholes with 20 nm diameter. Long XRD measurements were made possible by the anomalous capillary condensation occurring in these nanoholes, which was proved by Attenuated Total Reflection – Fourier Transformed Infra-Red measurements. Condensation occurred in nanoholes submitted to the clean-room air with a relative humidity (RH) of about 40%, while no condensation was observed under a N2 flow with a RH of about 30%. XRD measurements showed the presence of small peaks varying as a function of the XR incidence angle, which were not present in the Si and oxide references. These peaks gave evidence for structuring of water confined in nanoholes.

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Iwatsuka, Kenichi, Yukio Maeda, Takanori Yazawa, and Shinya Suzuki. "Effect of Tool Run-Out on Micro-Groove Milling for a Microchannel Die." International Journal of Automation Technology 8, no. 2 (March 5, 2014): 275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2014.p0275.

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Recently, the use of microchannel chips in micro total analysis systems, which can provide savings of natural resources and energy, has attracted attention in the medical field. Generally, the photolithography technology used in semiconductor manufacturing is used to manufacture microchannel chip dies. However, it involves several processes such as mask fabrication and the application of a photoresist to Si substrate, as well as expensive clean room facilities. In light of this, methods to form a fine groove using a micro-endmill are examined. The effects of the tool run-out of a few micrometers on micro-endmilling, as well as on the groove accuracy of a microgroove, are examined.

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Grankäll, Tommy, Per Hallander, and Malin Åkermo. "Vacuum-Assisted Hot-Forming Using Tailored Laminate Temperature." Applied Composite Materials 28, no. 2 (January 20, 2021): 247–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10443-020-09858-8.

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AbstractA non-isothermal vacuum assisted hot-forming process using tailored laminate temperature is introduced. By using process simulation and manufacturing experiments, improved laminate quality is achieved compared to the standard hot-forming process. Furthermore, it is also shown that the manufacturing time in the clean room can be reduced to one tenth of the standard process time. In this study 8.4 mm thick quasi-isotropic laminates from unidirectional prepreg were laid up flat with an automatic tape laying machine and hot-formed to a U-shaped laminate. The laminates were then cured in a concave mould with standard bag on the inside. A complete tailored temperature hot-forming cycle of 7.5 min produced a very good final laminate quality with a total thickness variation as low as 4.0% and without wrinkles or indications of porosity. With a 4 min hot-forming cycle the thickness variation was also acceptable at 8%.

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Fauzie, Mohammad Mirza. "Biaya Penyehatan Lingkungan pada Bidan Praktik Swasta di Kecamatan Gamping, Sleman, 2016." Sanitasi: Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan 9, no. 3 (February 16, 2018): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.29238/sanitasi.v9i3.765.

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Private midwives in conducting health services for public have potentiality to yield environmental pollution and disease transmission. To prevent those harms they should apply environmentalhealth efforts. This study was aimed to reveal those efforts through direct observation and interview about the expense. The observation consisted of: provision of clean water, managementof solid medical waste, control of insect rodent and annoying animals, and sterilization. The results identify that in clean water provision, the activities are: use water from local water company and water quality examination. In solid medical waste management: provide safety box astemporal disposal, and use chlorine to treat it, and cooperate with hospitals, community healthcenters and private companies to annihilate it. In insect, rodent and annoying animals control:the first act is using closed door to prevent, as well as gauze wires and traps; and insecticidesfor indoor control and keep house clean. In sterilization: room and utilities sterilization wih alcohol, chlorine and boiling/steaming technique. The average monthly expense for clean water isRp.62.272, for solid medical waste management: Rp.57.778, for insect, rodent and annoyinganimal control: Rp.41.041, and for sterilization: Rp.38.833. The average exense per month forthose four activities are Rp. 199.925. To keep the environmental health activities run, it needsupervision, monitoring and support from the local community health center and association ofmidwives, and SOP for each of the existing and planned effort should be developed.

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Choi, Seong-Un, Woong-Ki Jang, Jae-Hyun Kim, Sang-Hu Jeon, Seock-Hyun Kim, Young-Ho Seo, and Byeong-Hee Kim. "Prediction of Clean-room Air-conditioning Defects Using Deep Learning and a Differential Pressure Sensor." Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering 40, no. 6 (June 30, 2023): 473–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7736/jkspe.022.126.

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Iwatsuka, Kenichi, Yoshihito Isokawa, Yukio Maeda, Hideaki Tanaka, Takanori Yazawa, and Shinya Suzuki. "Study on Fine Groove Milling of Microchannel Dies – Tool Bending in Milling of Micro-Grooves." Advanced Materials Research 565 (September 2012): 523–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.565.523.

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Microchannel chips for use in micro total analysis systems have recently been attracting attention in the medical field. The photolithography technology employed in semiconductor manufacturing is generally used to manufacture microchannel chip dies. However, this technology involves several processes such as mask fabrication and application of a photoresist to a substrate as well as expensive clean room facilities. In light of this, this study examines ways to form a fine groove by using a micro-end mill. The relationship between the cutting conditions and the bending of a micro-end mill were experimentally examined. In addition, we calculated the tilt angle of the tool used in micro-groove milling on the basis of specific cutting force and tool stiffness.

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Goto, Daisuke, Yukio Maeda, Kenichi Iwatsuka, Tatsuo Motoyoshi, Hideaki Tanaka, Kazuya Kato, and Takanori Yazawa. "Influence of Endmill Tool Run-Out to Machining Accuracy in Micro-Groove Milling." Advanced Materials Research 1136 (January 2016): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1136.173.

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Micro-channel chips, which are used in micro total analysis systems, are attracting attention in the medical field. The photolithography technology used in semiconductor manufacturing is generally used to manufacture micro-channel chip dies. However, this technology requires many processes, such as mask fabrication and the application of photoresist to a substrate, as well as expensive clean room facilities. Therefore, this study examines how to form a fine groove by cutting with micro-endmills. This report experimentally examined the cutting performance of the tool run-out. In addition, effects of the tool run-out on the micro-grove milling, such as decrease in the cutting force changing,and the tool wear, were clarified.

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Goto, Daisuke, Yukio Maeda, Hideaki Tanaka, Kazuya Kato, and Takanori Yazawa. "Influence of Tool Run-Out on Machining Accuracy with Multi-Tooth Endmill." International Journal of Automation Technology 10, no. 5 (September 5, 2016): 759–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2016.p0759.

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Micro-channel chips, which are used in micro total analysis systems, are attracting attention in the medical field. The photolithography technology used in semiconductor manufacturing is generally used to manufacture micro-channel chip dies. However, this technology requires many processes, such as mask fabrication and the application of photoresist to a substrate, as well as expensive clean room facilities. Therefore, this study examines an approach to form a fine groove by cutting with micro-endmills, and experimentally examined a method for reducing the influence of tool run-out on machining accuracy with multi-tooth endmills. As a result, the effects of tool run-out on micro-groove milling, such as a decrease in groove increment, are clarified.

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Kerkelä, E., H. Hongisto, A. Kotovuori, A. Luostarinen, M. Patrikoski, A. Vuorela, J. Ahoniemi, et al. "Process Development and Manufacturing: GMP CLEAN ROOM SOLUTIONS AT FINNISH RED CROSS BLOOD SERVICE (FRCBS) FOR PRODUCTION OF ADVANCED CELL THERAPIES." Cytotherapy 25, no. 6 (May 2023): S187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1465-3249(23)00494-2.

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Son, Bong-Sei, and Chan-Hee Jang. "A Study on Measures to Improve Smoke Control Performance in Case of Fire in a Clean room as an LCD Manufacturing Process." Journal of Korean Institute of Fire Science and Engineering 26, no. 5 (October 31, 2012): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7731/kifse.2012.26.5.041.

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26

Fleming, David, Jong-Uk Kim, Janet Okada, Kevin Wang, Michael Gallagher, Bob Barr, Jeff Calvert, et al. "Thin Wafer Handling Using Mechanical- or Laser-Debondable Temporary Adhesives." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2015, DPC (January 1, 2015): 000419–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2015dpc-tp12.

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The development of adhesives that enable handling, processing, and assembly of thin wafers and die is a key technical challenge for the realization of 3D devices. We will present on temporary adhesive technology for processing of thinned wafers that is amenable to either mechanical or laser-assisted debonding that can occur at room temperature. Temporary wafer bonding has emerged as the method of choice for handling silicon wafers during the thinning and high-temperature backside processing required for the manufacture of 3D device structures. Among the requirements for temporary wafer bonding materials to be used in high volume manufacturing are simple device and carrier wafer preparation, high-throughput wafer bonding, thermal stability to 300 °C or higher, and clean room-temperature release directly from the device wafer using either mechanical or laser-assisted debonding We will present successful temporary wafer bonding using a BCB (benzocyclobutene)-based material that can meet these requirements. The mode of adhesive release from a device wafer will be discussed in detail as it relates to wafer thinning and handling, and material physical properties and resistances will be expressed. Formulation requirements needed for successful debonding will be presented, with an emphasis on a laser-debonding scheme that utilizes either a 248nm or 308nm laser source capable of ablating a laser sensitive layer residing between a glass carrier and the temporary wafer bonding material. Successful room temperature tape-peeling of the adhesive film after ablation and carrier removal will be discussed.

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Pinnetta, Giuseppe, Aloe Adamini, Franco Severina, Franca Fagioli, Cristina Zanini, and Ivana Ferrero. "Evaluating Ecological Impact and Sustainability in the Manufacturing of Advanced Therapies: Comparative Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Production of ATMPs in Open and Closed Systems." Bioengineering 10, no. 9 (September 6, 2023): 1047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10091047.

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The primary aim of this systematic analysis is to highlight opportunities to improve the environmental impact of advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMP) manufacturing. We have compared the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions expressed in CO2eq of a classic clean room open system (AinB) Cell Factory versus a comparable closed system equipped with isolators (AinD). We have therefore outlined a theoretical situation to simulate the use of a closed system with an equivalent production output to that obtained in the Cell Factory (CF) of the Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital. Open and closed systems for ATMPs have been compared as regards energy requirements, ecological footprints, and costs by analyzing a hypothetic cell production cycle of 21 days. The results demonstrate energy saving and a reduction of 52% in GHG emissions using closed systems per process cycle. Moreover, a reduction in production costs in an isolator setting is also evident. This study shows that the closed system solution has evident advantages compared with the open one.

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Budde, Leon, Sontje Ihler, Svenja Spindeldreier, Tobias Lücking, Tim Meyer, Eberhard Bodenschatz, and Wolfram-Hubertus Zimmermann. "A Six Degree of Freedom Extrusion Bioprinter." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 8, no. 2 (August 1, 2022): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2022-1036.

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Abstract Motivated by a high demand, the research interest in personalized artificial tissues is steadily increasing. Combining knowledge of additive manufacturing and tissue engineering, the research field of 3D bioprinting emerged. This work presents a six-degree-of-freedom mechanically actuated extrusion bioprinter within a sterile working environment. The system is based on an off-the-shelf robot arm and a custom modular printhead end-effector. Advanced dexterity is achieved by the six degrees of freedom, enabling printing on non-planar surfaces. The printhead is designed for co-axial extrusion of three fluids but can easily be adapted for different number of fluids or different extrusion flows. The custom controller of the system is implemented within the Robot Operating System (ROS) framework and plans the trajectory based on a path given in a custom GCode dialect. Since the robot is clean-room-certified, can be sterilized using hydrogen peroxide steam, and is placed within a sterile hood, the setup enables working under sterile conditions.

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29

WIND, CHARLES E., and LAWRENCE RESTAINO. "Antimicrobial Effectiveness of Potassium Sorbate and Sodium Benzoate against Zygosaccharomyces bailii in a Salsa Mayonnaise." Journal of Food Protection 58, no. 11 (November 1, 1995): 1257–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-58.11.1257.

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Анотація:

The antimicrobial effectiveness of sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate (0.05, 0.10, 0.20 and 0.30%, wt/wt), separately and in equal combinations, were evaluated against the growth of Zygosaccharomyces bailii in an artificially inoculated salsa mayonnaise stored at room temperature (23 to 25°C). Potassium sorbate was able to suppress the growth of Z. bailii significantly (P < 0.05) more than sodium benzoate did, whereas no significant difference in growth was calculated between potassium sorbate and the combination in equal amounts of the two preservatives. Equal concentrations of the two preservatives were, however, significantly (P < 0.05) more effective than sodium benzoate in suppressing the growth of the yeast in a salsa mayonnaise. At the investigated concentrations, the preservative systems did not prevent spoilage of the product by Z. bailii. Therefore, the use of yeast-free ingredients, clean and sanitary equipment, and strict adherence to good manufacturing practices during manufacture and packaging is required to produce a salsa mayonnaise free of spoilage microorganisms.

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30

Wang, Yaw Long, Yi Ming Chang, Mei Li You, Kun Yue Chen, Chun Ping Lin, and Chi Min Shu. "Fire Safety Assessment Research for High-Tech Plants." Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (September 2011): 920–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.920.

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Анотація:

Most of the buildings for high-tech plants are fireproof and the process equipment in the clean room is in compliance with high-standard fire prevention evaluation regulations such as National Fire Prevention Association (NFPA), Factory Mutual (FM),and Semiconductor Equipment and Materials International (SEMI). However, fire management is usually neglected though fire protection higher than domestic fire control regulations is applied. Fireproof and smoke-proof design of the original buildings can be damaged due to expansion of production facilities, causing a potential danger of a fire. Cases of fires in domestic semiconductor manufacturing factories were explored in this research and claim settlements provided by MSIG Mingtai InsuranceCo.,Ltd., Taiwan to high-tech plants were analyzed for determination of the quantified weights used by the insurance companies when evaluating fire risks of a building. The fire safety badge promoted by Architecture and Building Research Institute, and Ministry of the Interior was also discussed for reference of fire safety assessments of high-tech factory buildings in the future.

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31

Cho, Sung-Joon, Donghak Byun, Tai-Seung Nam, Seok-Yong Choi, Byung-Geun Lee, Myeong-Kyu Kim, and Sohee Kim. "A 3D-Printed Sensor for Monitoring Biosignals in Small Animals." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9053764.

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Although additive manufacturing technologies, also known as 3D printing, were first introduced in the 1980s, they have recently gained remarkable popularity owing to decreased costs. 3D printing has already emerged as a viable technology in many industries; in particular, it is a good replacement for microfabrication technology. Microfabrication technology usually requires expensive clean room equipment and skilled engineers; however, 3D printing can reduce both cost and time dramatically. Although 3D printing technology has started to emerge into microfabrication manufacturing and medical applications, it is typically limited to creating mechanical structures such as hip prosthesis or dental implants. There have been increased interests in wearable devices and the critical part of such wearable devices is the sensing part to detect biosignals noninvasively. In this paper, we have built a 3D-printed sensor that can measure electroencephalogram and electrocardiogram from zebrafish. Despite measuring biosignals noninvasively from zebrafish has been known to be difficult due to that it is an underwater creature, we were able to successfully obtain electrophysiological information using the 3D-printed sensor. This 3D printing technique can accelerate the development of simple noninvasive sensors using affordable equipment and provide an economical solution to physiologists who are unfamiliar with complicated microfabrication techniques.

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Yurkin, Vladimir, Rafael Ilimbetov, Aleksei Dmitriev, and Aleksei Petrov. "About calculation of construct parameters of wet electro-filter." АгроЭкоИнфо 5, no. 59 (October 28, 2023): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.51419/202135520.

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A single-zone wet electric filter (WEF) can be used to clean the ventilation air in pig houses through the corona discharge principle. The WEF design parameters may change if the ventilation air is effective and the required air exchange in the room is met. The conducted studies allowed to calculate possible design parameters of WEF, to make an economic evaluation of the obtained variants of WEF and to choose the optimal acceptable variant. Keywords: WET ELECTRIC FILTER, MICROCLIMATE OF PIG HOUSES, ELECTRO FILTRATION, DUST

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33

Fukui, Makoto, Atsuhiro Tanaka, and Hiroshi Kominami. "Deoxygenation of Pyridine N-Oxides in Water at Room Temperature Using TiO2 Photocatalyst and Oxalic Acid as a Clean Hydrogen Source." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 59, no. 25 (June 3, 2020): 11412–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00795.

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34

Kilic, Pelin, Meltem Bay, Yasin Yildirim, Oznur Coskun, Sukran Seker, Pinar Baydin, Ozge Lalegul Ulker, et al. "A CD34+ Cell Enrichment Protocol of Hematopoietic Stem Cells in a Well-Established Quality Management System." Cells Tissues Organs 207, no. 1 (2019): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000501167.

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Allogeneic stem cell transplantation applications have improved tremendously over the past quarter of a century. The use of new immunosuppressive protocols and elimination of T cells by CD34+ cell enrichment or T cell depletion on apheresis products increases the chance of using partially matched or haploidentical grafts. This is without increasing the risk of graft-versus-host disease, which is observed as a major complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The aim of this protocol is to evaluate the results obtained from 6 different process cycles performed on 6 different days. We used the CliniMACS Plus system located in our Cell and Tissue Manufacturing Center Quality Control Unit which is already calibrated as a class D room and includes a class A microbiological safety cabinet inside. The average purity of the end products was 95.66%, excluding only one end product which was 70%; this was higher than the values in current studies in the field. Superior to the reported studies, the CD3 quantity in each end product was below the dedicated thresholds. BactecTM FX40 blood culture system test results were detected as negative for each end product. Endotoxin testing suggested the absence of endotoxin within the products. The consistent outcomes obtained from these 6 different process cycles confirmed that the CliniMACS® Plus process cycles performed in accordance with our well-defined quality management system procedure is sufficient for the routine application of high-quality and safe CD34+ enrichment processes within our clean room area.

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35

Su, Chun-Lien, and Kuen-Tyng Yu. "Evaluation of Differential Pressure Setpoint of Chilled Water Pumps in Clean Room HVAC Systems for Energy Savings in High-Tech Industries." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 49, no. 3 (May 2013): 1015–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2013.2251992.

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36

Oliver, Mark, Jong-Uk Kim, Michael Gallagher, Zidong Wang, Janet Okada, Elissei Iagodkine, Kai Zoschke, Matthias Wegner, and Michael Töpper. "Temporary and Permanent Adhesives for Thin Wafer Handling and Assembly." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2013, DPC (January 1, 2013): 001009–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2013dpc-wa12.

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Temporary wafer bonding has emerged as the method of choice for handling silicon wafers during the thinning and high-temperature backside processing required for the manufacture of 3D device structures. Among the requirements for temporary wafer bonding materials to be used in high volume manufacturing are simple device and carrier wafer preparation, high-throughput wafer bonding, excellent thermal stability, and clean room-temperature release directly from the device wafer. We will present successful temporary wafer bonding using a new BCB (benzocyclobutene)-based material that can meet these requirements. For this temporary wafer bonding technology, wafer preparation involves spin coating the device wafer with the BCB-based adhesive to a thickness of up to 100 μm and spin coating the carrier wafer with an adhesion promoter. The wafers can then be bonded at temperatures as low as 80 °C for as short as 30 seconds. The low bonding temperature means the wafers can be loaded into a preheated wafer bonding tool, eliminating the time needed to heat and cool the bonding chucks during the bonding cycle. Also, no curing of the material is required during the bonding, enabling a short process time and high wafer throughput. Curing of the adhesive is done as a batch oven cure at 210 °C for one hour after which the material is stable enough for backside processes up to 300 °C. The material has been designed to adhere well to the carrier wafer and debond directly from the device wafer without any chemical or radiation pretreatment, leaving a clean device wafer surface in need of only mild cleaning before further processing.

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37

Firdanis, Dewi, Nadiyah Rahmasari, Eqia Arum Azzahro, Nadya Reza Palupi, Pramudya Santoso Aji, Desi Natalia Marpaung, and Ayik Mirayanti Mandagi. "Observasi Sarana Terminal Brawijaya Banyuwangi Melalui Assessment Indikator Sanitasi Lingkungan Tahun 2019." Sanitasi: Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan 14, no. 2 (August 28, 2021): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.29238/sanitasi.v14i2.1021.

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Public places have the potential for disease transmission, environmental pollution, or other health problems, so sanitation is needed to create a clean environment in order to protect public health from the possibility of disease transmission and other health problems. Brawijaya Terminal is one of the public places crowded with the public to carry out transportation activities. The purpose of this research is to identify the general description of Brawijaya terminal sanitation in 2019. This research is a descriptive study with an observational approach that uses observation and interview methods to collect data. The instrument used in this study refers to the terminal sanitation inspection sheet instrument. The research instrument contains 5 variables, including the outside, the waiting room, sanitation facilities, occupational health and safety, and support. The results of the Brawijaya terminal sanitation research with 5 variables indicate that the Brawijaya terminal as a whole has met the terminal sanitation requirements with a total score of 1675 and is classified as good, namely 76.13%. For Brawijaya terminal sanitation to be maintained and to be even better, it is necessary to increase the sanitation variables which include latrines and urinals, hand washing facilities, and disposal of rainwater and dirty water.

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38

Alves de Araujo, Arthur Luiz, Julien Claudel, Djilali Kourtiche, and Mustapha Nadi. "Influence of Electrode Connection Tracks on Biological Cell Measurements by Impedance Spectroscopy." Sensors 19, no. 13 (June 26, 2019): 2839. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19132839.

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The limit of detection of a biological sensor is an important parameter because, when it is optimized, it allows the detection of a reduced number of biological cells and the reduction of the detection time. This parameter can be improved upon with a reduction in electrode size, but the rate of detection is similarly reduced as well. To avoid this problem, we propose a sensor matrix composed of 20 × 20 µm² coplanar square electrodes with a standard clean room manufacturing process. However, it was observed that the exposition of electrode connection tracks to the solution reduces the normalized impedance variation. In this pursuit, we propose in this paper an analysis of electrode connection tracks on the normalized impedance variation and cutoff frequencies to biological cell measurements by impedance spectroscopy. The experimental results were obtained using the E4990A Keysight impedance analyser (Keysight Technologies, Santa Rosa, CA, USA) with a frequency band ranging from 100 Hz to 12 MHz, thus allowing for good measurement accuracy. Therefore, it was found that, for the measurements between the electrodes with 9 µm of connection tracks in contact with the solution, the normalized impedance variation was from 3.7% to 4.2% for different measurements, while, for the electrodes with 40 µm of connection tracks in contact with the solution, the normalized impedance variation was from 1.8% to 2.1% for different measurements.

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39

Li, Szu-Ying, Hsin-Yi Tseng, Bo-Wei Chen, Yu-Chun Lo, Huai-Hsuan Shao, Yen-Ting Wu, Ssu-Ju Li, et al. "Proof of Concept for Sustainable Manufacturing of Neural Electrode Array for In Vivo Recording." Biosensors 13, no. 2 (February 16, 2023): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13020280.

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Increasing requirements for neural implantation are helping to expand our understanding of nervous systems and generate new developmental approaches. It is thanks to advanced semiconductor technologies that we can achieve the high-density complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor electrode array for the improvement of the quantity and quality of neural recordings. Although the microfabricated neural implantable device holds much promise in the biosensing field, there are some significant technological challenges. The most advanced neural implantable device relies on complex semiconductor manufacturing processes, which are required for the use of expensive masks and specific clean room facilities. In addition, these processes based on a conventional photolithography technique are suitable for mass production, which is not applicable for custom-made manufacturing in response to individual experimental requirements. The microfabricated complexity of the implantable neural device is increasing, as is the associated energy consumption, and corresponding emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, resulting in environmental deterioration. Herein, we developed a fabless fabricated process for a neural electrode array that was simple, fast, sustainable, and customizable. An effective strategy to produce conductive patterns as the redistribution layers (RDLs) includes implementing microelectrodes, traces, and bonding pads onto the polyimide (PI) substrate by laser micromachining techniques combined with the drop coating of the silver glue to stack the laser grooving lines. The process of electroplating platinum on the RDLs was performed to increase corresponding conductivity. Sequentially, Parylene C was deposited onto the PI substrate to form the insulation layer for the protection of inner RDLs. Following the deposition of Parylene C, the via holes over microelectrodes and the corresponding probe shape of the neural electrode array was also etched by laser micromachining. To increase the neural recording capability, three-dimensional microelectrodes with a high surface area were formed by electroplating gold. Our eco-electrode array showed reliable electrical characteristics of impedance under harsh cyclic bending conditions of over 90 degrees. For in vivo application, our flexible neural electrode array demonstrated more stable and higher neural recording quality and better biocompatibility as well during the 2-week implantation compared with those of the silicon-based neural electrode array. In this study, our proposed eco-manufacturing process for fabricating the neural electrode array reduced 63 times of carbon emissions compared to the traditional semiconductor manufacturing process and provided freedom in the customized design of the implantable electronic devices as well.

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Shih, Albert J., Mark A. Lewis, and John S. Strenkowski. "End Milling of Elastomers—Fixture Design and Tool Effectiveness for Material Removal." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 126, no. 1 (February 1, 2004): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1616951.

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This paper describes the machining of elastomers using sharp, woodworking tools and the machining of cryogenically cooled elastomers. Due to the lack of information on tool selection for elastomer machining, a set of thirteen tools that cover different sizes and tool geometries and materials was used in this study. Fixture design was found to be critical in machining of elastomers because of its relatively low elastic modulus. The cutting force created during machining can generate significant deformations in the elastomer workpiece. The finite element technique is used to analyze the structural stiffness of the elastomer workpiece under different geometric configurations. The effective stiffness is defined to quantify and compare the stiffness of elastomer workpiece machined by different tool sizes. The cleanliness of the groove machined by end milling is investigated. Use of some down-cut end-milling tools effectively removed the elastomer material at room temperature and generated a clean groove. The tool configuration and part fixturing are identified as the two most important variables that affect the cleanliness of machined grooves. Cooling the elastomer workpiece by solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) to about −78.6°C improved the machined surface finish.

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41

Nakai, Shin, Yukio Maeda, Daisuke Goto, Kazuya Kato, Hideaki Tanaka, Takanori Yazawa, and Tatsuki Otsubo. "Influence of Micro End Mill Tool Run-Out on Machining Accuracy." Key Engineering Materials 749 (August 2017): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.749.21.

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Анотація:

Micro-channel chips used in micro total analysis systems have been attracting attention in the medical field. Photolithography, which is a technology used in semiconductor manufacturing, is used to manufacture micro-channel chip dies. This technology requires many processes, such as making photomasks, applying photoresist to a substrate, and the availability of expensive clean-room facilities. Micro-channel chips have ‘micro-channels,’ which are micro-grooves having a width of 30–100 μm. These fine grooves require high accuracy in manufacture; for example, the surface roughness on the bottom face is 1.0 μmRz. A previous study showed how tool run-out on the order of several μm incurred during micro-groove milling, reduced machining accuracy, and tool life. To bridge that gap, this study investigated how to form a fine groove by using micro endmilling. Specifically, a method was experimentally examined for reducing the influence of tool run-out on machining accuracy by using two types of endmill—two-tooth square and ball—by modifying the tool setting angle. Modifying the tool setting angle improved the surface roughness of one side of the groove, and reduced change of cutting force in two-tooth square-endmilling. In addition, it was able to reduce the influence of groove width on tool run-out by up to 1/10. A modification of tool setting angle in ball endmilling reduced the influence of tool run-out on machining accuracy.

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42

Yalçın, Barış Can, Mert Sever, and Kadir Erkan. "Observer-based H2 controller design for a vibration isolation stage having hybrid electromagnets." Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 37, no. 4 (July 10, 2018): 1134–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461348418782170.

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Vibration isolation systems based on hybrid electromagnets, consisting of electromagnet and permanent magnet, have a potential usage in many industrial areas, such as clean room design, transportation, semiconductor manufacturing, suspension systems, and robotic surgery due to providing mechanical contact free vibration isolation. Using permanent magnets in the electromagnet structure has some crucial advantages, such as a minimized volume and a more compact structure. Furthermore, the essential force for levitation of vibration isolation stage can be generated by only the permanent magnet(s), which means, by using hybrid electromagnets, magnetic levitation can be achieved with considerably low energy consumption against possible vibrations. This property is called zero-power behavior. However, the main problems of magnetic levitation process are as follows: it has highly nonlinear nature even if it can be linearized; it has unstable pole(s), which makes the system vulnerable in terms of stability. In recent years, linear matrix inequality-based design of controllers has received considerable attention and become very popular due to their ability to satisfy multiobjective design requirements. However, an observer-based H2 controller design for a vibration isolation system having hybrid electromagnets has not been considered yet. Therefore, the linear matrix inequality-based controller is employed to minimize the effect of disturbances on the following objectives, such as vibration isolation, zero-power property, and protection of the levitation gap. The effectiveness of the proposed method is shown with the numerical simulation studies and compared with classical Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) approach.

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Saputra, Agum Dwi, and Wahidah Mahanani Rahayu. "Evaluation of the implementation of good manufacturing practices (gmp) in cv panda food, a special region of yogyakarta." Journal of Halal Science and Research 3, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/jhsr.v3i1.6857.

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Анотація:

CV Panda Food is a company engaged in the snack food industry in the form of nori (seaweed) which Mr. Stenly Hendi Avanda founded in 2012. There are several products and various flavors offered by CV Panda Food, such as Mininori Seasoned Chicken and Roast Beef, Panda Seaweed Original Flavor, Spicy Flavor, and Barbeque Flavor. To keep the food free of potential biological, chemical, and other pollutants that could harm, interfere with, or otherwise put human health in jeopardy so that it is safe to consume, CV Panda Food needs to be evaluated on Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP). Mininori production, which refers to the Regulation of the Minister of Industry of the Republic of Indonesia Number 75/M-IND/PER/2010, consists of location, buildings, facilities and sanitation, machinery and equipment, materials, process control, final products, laboratories, workers, packaging, labels and product description, storage, maintenance and sanitation programs, transportation, documentation and recording, training, product recall and program implementation. The purpose of implementing the Practical Work is to implement GMP at CV Panda Food concerning the Regulation of the Minister of Industry of the Republic of Indonesia No. 75/M-IND/PER/7/2010 and the obstacles found in CV Panda Food in implementing GMP in Miniori production. The methods used in data collection are observation, interviews, direct practice, documentation, and literature study. The results are that CV Panda Food has not fully implemented the GMP Regulation of the Minister of Industry of the Republic of Indonesia No. 75/M-IND/PER/7/2010. There are 83.07% appropriate, and 16.93% non-conformance from 18 aspects due to human factors, materials, environment, and methods, namely doors, ventilation, and windows not equipped with screens, not having a laboratory, walls, and floors form elbows so that the production environment is challenging to clean, there is no pest prevention, lack of dryers or tissue and lack of firm action on GMP violators, lack of awareness in the implementation of sanitation, and there is still garbage that accumulates in the production room due to lack of monitoring from the head production that pollutes the environment.

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Tiwari, Bhawnath, Margot Billot, Cédric Clévy, Joël Agnus, Emmanuel Piat, and Philippe Lutz. "A Two-Axis Piezoresistive Force Sensing Tool for Microgripping." Sensors 21, no. 18 (September 9, 2021): 6059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21186059.

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Force sensing has always been an important necessity in making decisions for manipulation. It becomes more appealing in the micro-scale context, especially where the surface forces become predominant. In addition, the deformations happening at the very local level are often coupled, and therefore providing multi-axis force sensing capabilities to microgripper becomes an important necessity. The manufacturing of a multi-axis instrumented microgripper comprises several levels of complexity, especially when it comes to the single wafer fabrication of a sensing and actuation mechanism. To address these requirements, in this work, an instrumented two-axis force sensing tool is proposed, which can then be integrated with the appropriate actuators for microgripping. Indeed, based on the task, the gripper design and shape requirements may differ. To cover wide needs, a versatile manufacturing strategy comprising of the separate fabrication of the passive and sensing parts was especially investigated. At the microscale, signal processing brings additional challenges, especially when we are dealing with multi-axis sensing. Therefore, a proper device, with efficient and appropriate systems and signal processing integration, is highly important. To keep these requirements in consideration, a dedicated clean-room based micro-fabrication of the devices and corresponding electronics to effectively process the signals are presented in this work. The fabricated sensing part can be assembled with wide varieties of passive parts to have different sensing tools as well as grippers. This force sensing tool is based upon the piezoresistive principle, and is experimentally demonstrated with a sensing capability up to 9 mN along the two axes with a resolution of 20 μN. The experimental results validate the measurement error within 1%. This work explains the system design, its working principle, FEM analysis, its fabrication and assembly, followed by the experimental validation of its performance. Moreover, the use of the proposed sensing tool for an instrumented gripper was also discussed and demonstrated with a micrograsping and release task.

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Esfandyarpour, Rahim, Matthew J. DiDonato, Yuxin Yang, Naside Gozde Durmus, James S. Harris, and Ronald W. Davis. "Multifunctional, inexpensive, and reusable nanoparticle-printed biochip for cell manipulation and diagnosis." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 8 (February 6, 2017): E1306—E1315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1621318114.

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Isolation and characterization of rare cells and molecules from a heterogeneous population is of critical importance in diagnosis of common lethal diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis, HIV, and cancer. For the developing world, point-of-care (POC) diagnostics design must account for limited funds, modest public health infrastructure, and low power availability. To address these challenges, here we integrate microfluidics, electronics, and inkjet printing to build an ultra–low-cost, rapid, and miniaturized lab-on-a-chip (LOC) platform. This platform can perform label-free and rapid single-cell capture, efficient cellular manipulation, rare-cell isolation, selective analytical separation of biological species, sorting, concentration, positioning, enumeration, and characterization. The miniaturized format allows for small sample and reagent volumes. By keeping the electronics separate from microfluidic chips, the former can be reused and device lifetime is extended. Perhaps most notably, the device manufacturing is significantly less expensive, time-consuming, and complex than traditional LOC platforms, requiring only an inkjet printer rather than skilled personnel and clean-room facilities. Production only takes 20 min (vs. up to weeks) and $0.01—an unprecedented cost in clinical diagnostics. The platform works based on intrinsic physical characteristics of biomolecules (e.g., size and polarizability). We demonstrate biomedical applications and verify cell viability in our platform, whose multiplexing and integration of numerous steps and external analyses enhance its application in the clinic, including by nonspecialists. Through its massive cost reduction and usability we anticipate that our platform will enable greater access to diagnostic facilities in developed countries as well as POC diagnostics in resource-poor and developing countries.

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Cevik, Pinar, and Mustafa Kocacikli. "Three-dimensional printing technologies in the fabrication of maxillofacial prosthesis: A case report." International Journal of Artificial Organs 43, no. 5 (November 18, 2019): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0391398819887401.

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Purpose: Patients with maxillofacial deformities always seek for aesthetic prosthesis. Recently, three-dimensional printing technologies have been used for dental treatments on such patients. Case report: A 24-year-old man reported to the Department of Prosthodontics for replacement of his missing right ear induced by a trauma. A magnet-retained auricular prosthesis was planned for the patient. Three-dimensional scanning was performed on the healthy side by using a three-dimensional optical scanner and the data were mirrored. The mirrored image was then imported to a software and a virtual model of the future prosthesis was obtained for the defect side. A three-dimensional printer was used to fabricate a negative mold for the mirrored image by using additive manufacturing. Initially, an impression of the defect side was made; then, the cast model was obtained in a dental flask. Magnets of the prosthesis were inserted to the acrylic resin framework on the cast model. Room temperature vulcanized silicone elastomer was mixed and poured into the three-dimensionally fabricated mold. Then, the flask was placed over the negative mold firmly. After polymerization of the silicone, the auricular prosthesis was delivered to the patient and the patient was instructed to clean the prosthesis daily. Conclusions: Three-dimensional printing technology was used for the fabrication of the patient’s missing ear. This method eliminated the conventional laboratory steps and reduced the number of stages of the fabrication of a silicone prosthesis. The negative mold of the defect side allowed us a direct fabrication of the silicone prosthesis without a need for waxing or flasking procedures.

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Vafaie, Reza Hadjiaghaie, Hossein Dehganpour, and Abolfazl Moradpour. "Numerical simulation of EWOD on a printed circuit board for cleanroom-less digital fluidic manufacturing applications." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 38, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 119–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-04-2018-0196.

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Purpose Digital microfluidic devices have been demonstrated to have great potential for a wide range of applications. These devices need expensive photolithography process and clean room facilities, while printed circuit board (PCB) technology provides high configurability and at low cost. This study aims to investigate the mechanism of electrowetting-on-a-dielectric (EWOD) on PCB by solving the multiphysics interaction between fluid droplet and electric field. The performance of system will be improved by inducing an efficient electric field inside the droplet. Design/methodology/approach To induce an electric field inside the droplet on a PCB and change the initial contact angle, the mechanism of EWOD is studied based on energy minimization method and a set of simulations are carried out by considering multiphysics interaction between the fluid droplet and external electric field. The performance of EWOD on a PCB system is investigated using different electrode structures. Findings Surface tension plays an efficient role in smaller sizes and can be used to move and control a fluid droplet on a surface by changing the interfacial surface tension. EWOD on a PCB system is studied. and it revealed that any change in electric field affects the droplet contact angle and as a result droplet deformation and movement. The electrode pattern is an important parameter which could change the electric potential distribution inside the droplet. Array of electrodes with square, zigzag interdigitated and crescent shapes are studied to enhance the EWOD force on a PCB substrate. Based on the results, the radial shape of the crescent electrodes keeps almost the same actuated contact line, applies uniform force on the droplet periphery and prevents the droplet from large deformation. A droplet velocity of 0.6 mm/s is achieved by exciting the crescent electrodes at 315 V. Furthermore, the behavior of system is characterized for process parameters such as actuation voltage, dielectric constant of insulator layer, fluidic material properties and the resultant velocity and contact angle. The study of contact angle distribution and droplet motion revealed that it is helpful to generate EWOD mechanism on a PCB which does not need more complicated fabrication processes. Originality/value The ability to handle and manipulate the droplets is very important for chemistry on-chip analysis such as immunoassay chips. Furthermore, a PCB-based electrowetting-on-dielectric device is of high interest because it does not need cleanroom facilities and avoids additional high-cost fabrication processes. In the present research, the EWOD mechanism is studied on a PCB by using different electrode patterns.

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He, Yingnan, Jianbing Chen, Jiapei Lv, Yimin Huang, Shuxing Zhou, Wenyan Li, Yongtao Li, et al. "Corrigendum to “Separable amino-functionalized biochar/alginate beads for efficient removal of Cr (VI) from original electroplating wastewater at room temperature” [J. Clean. Prod. 373 (2022) 133790]." Journal of Cleaner Production 412 (August 2023): 137375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.137375.

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Saravanan, M. "Casein and Banana Peel-Loaded Bacterial-Resistant Surgical Textiles." Tekstilec 66 (October 6, 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14502/tekstilec.66.2023020.

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Today, the need for fabrics that resist the growth of microorganisms is rising rapidly, as bacteria and other microbes are resistant to any clean room environment. In particular, health care and hygiene textile products must be more bacterial resistant. This study thus concentrated on developing antibacterial surgical textile products using eco-friendly material, such as casein and banana peel, which were used to coat fabric using cyclodextrin as a cross-linking agent. In this research work, fabric was treated with banana peel, casein, and a combination of banana peel and casein, without cyclodextrin, while cyclodextrin-loaded fabric treated samples were tested for antimicrobial resistance (AATCC100-2004). The treated samples initially studied using FTIR showed a peak point at 3,278.99 cm-1, which infers the presence of an O-H group for banana peel extract, and at 3,340.71 cm-1, which infers the presence of an N-H group for casein. Antimicrobial tests against E. coli showed a bacterial reduction of 81.44%, while a reduction of 52.80% was recorded for S. aureus. An analysis of untreated and treated samples showed that treatment with extracts of an agent through the pad-dry-cure process did not have a significant effect on the tensile and air permeability characteristics of the samples.

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Vogt, Josef, and Katrin Rosenthal. "Validation of Easy Fabrication Methods for PDMS-Based Microfluidic (Bio)Reactors." Sci 4, no. 4 (September 21, 2022): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sci4040036.

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The common method for producing casting molds for the fabrication of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) chips is standard photolithography. This technique offers high resolution from hundreds of nanometers to a few micrometers. However, this mold fabrication method is costly, time-consuming, and might require clean room facilities. Additionally, there is a need for non-micromechanics experts, who do not have specialized equipment to easily and quickly prototype chips themselves. Simple, so-called, makerspace technologies are increasingly being explored as alternatives that have potential to enable anyone to fabricate microfluidic structures. We therefore tested simple fabrication methods for a PDMS-based microfluidic device. On the one hand, channels were replicated from capillaries and tape. On the other hand, different mold fabrication methods, namely laser cutting, fused layer 3D printing, stereolithographic 3D printing, and computer numerical control (CNC) milling, were validated in terms of machine accuracy and tightness. Most of these methods are already known, but the incorporation and retention of particles with sizes in the micrometer range have been less investigated. We therefore tested two different types of particles, which are actually common carriers for the immobilization of enzymes, so that the resulting reactor could ultimately be used as a microfluidic bioreactor. Furthermore, CNC milling provide the most reliable casting mold fabrication method. After some optimization steps with regard to manufacturing settings and post-processing polishing, the chips were tested for the retention of two different particle types (spherical and non-spherical particles). In this way, we successfully tested the obtained PDMS-based microfluidic chips for their potential applicability as (bio)reactors with enzyme immobilization carrier beads.

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