Готові списки джерел за темами / Clay compaction

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Clay compaction"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 8 червня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Clay compaction":

Gong, Fei, Bangrang Di, Lianbo Zeng, Jianxin Wei, Jiwei Cheng, and Liangliang Gao. "The elastic properties and anisotropy of artificial compacted clay samples." GEOPHYSICS 86, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): MR1—MR15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2019-0608.1.

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Clay minerals are a major component of hydrocarbon reservoir rocks, and they are known to play important roles in the physical and elastic properties of rocks. However, it is difficult to directly measure these properties of single-crystal clays due to their small particle size. Therefore, we have constructed three sets of artificial clay samples with different compaction stresses to investigate the effect of the compaction stress and clay mineralogy on their elastic properties and anisotropy. All of the dry samples are measured by the pulse-transmission method. The results indicate that the compaction stress and clay mineralogy have a significant influence on the physical and elastic properties of the clay samples. The microstructures of clay samples indicate that the clay platelets are aligned almost perpendicularly to the direction of compaction stress, and the ultrasonic velocity analysis validates the assumption of transverse isotropy of our clay samples. The velocities increase with the compaction stress, especially at low stress, which corresponds to the rapid porosity reduction at low stress levels. Velocity anisotropy parameters increase with increasing of compaction stress due to the increase of texture sharpness for clay minerals during the compaction process. The elastic moduli of the clay samples display a significant stress sensitivity and a strong directional dependence, with the Young’s moduli increasing and the Poisson’s ratios decreasing with the compaction stress. A simple theoretical template is used to quantify the orientation distribution functions (ODFs) of clay platelets, and the generalized Legendre coefficients of ODF increase with the increase of compaction stress, especially at low stress. Further, the compressional-wave (P-wave) and shear-wave anisotropy increase with the ODF coefficients [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], especially P-wave anisotropy.

de Freitas Neto, Osvaldo, Olavo Francisco dos Santos Jr., Fagner Alexandre Nunes de França, and Ricardo Nascimento Flores Severo. "Influence of Compaction Energy and Bentonite Clay Content in the Soil Hydraulic Conductivity." Applied Mechanics and Materials 851 (August 2016): 858–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.851.858.

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This paper intends to evaluate changes in permeability of a soil sample from Formação Barreiras, in Natal, the capital city of Rio Grande do Norte State, related to the degree of compaction and the adding of clay to the soil sample. In field works, samples were collected and permeability and density tests were performed. In laboratory, grain size distribution, Attemberg limits and particle density tests were conducted. Afterwards, compaction and permeability tests fulfilled the set of laboratory tests, with changes in compactive energy and sample clay content. The results from field and laboratory tests were compared and the relationship between compaction energy and sample clay content were portrayed. The soil was classified as silty sand. Field and laboratory test results were quite similar. As expected, the tests indicated that permeability is inversely proportional to both compaction energy and sample clay content in the soil tested.

Grocholski, Brent. "Clay-driven compaction." Science 372, no. 6539 (April 15, 2021): 251.4–252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.372.6539.251-d.

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Voltolini, Marco, Hans-Rudolf Wenk, Nazmul Haque Mondol, Knut Bjørlykke, and Jens Jahren. "Anisotropy of experimentally compressed kaolinite-illite-quartz mixtures." GEOPHYSICS 74, no. 1 (January 2009): D13—D23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3002557.

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The anisotropy of physical properties is a well-known characteristic of many clay-bearing rocks. This anisotropy has important implications for elastic properties of rocks and must be considered in seismic modeling. Preferred orientation of clay minerals is an important factor causing anisotropy in clay-bearing rocks such as shales and mudstones that are the main cap rocks of oil reservoirs. The preferred orientation of clays depends mostly on the amount of clays and the degree of compaction. To study the effect of these parameters, we prepared several samples compressing (at two effective vertical stresses) a mixture of clays (illite and kaolinite) and quartz (silt) with different clay/quartz ratios. The preferred orientation of the phases was quantified with Rietveld analysis on synchrotron hard X-ray images. Pole figures for kaolinite and illite display a preferred orientationof clay platelets perpendicular to the compaction direction, increasing in strength with clay content and compaction pressure. Quartz particles have a random orientation distribution. Aggregate elastic properties can be estimated by averaging the single-crystal properties over the orientation distribution obtained from the diffraction data analysis. Calculated P-wave velocity anisotropy ranges from 0% (pure quartz sample) to 44% (pure clay sample, highly compacted), but calculated velocities are much higher than measured velocities. This is attributed to uncertainties about single-crystal elastic properties and oriented micropores and limited grain contacts that are not accounted for in the model. In this work, we present an effective method to obtain quantitative data, helping to evaluate the role of clay percentage and compaction pressure on the anisotropy of elastic properties of clay-bearing rocks.

Masujima, T., Y. Xie, Q. Zhang, G. L. Ye, and J. Leng. "A new method for rapid preparing high-strength saturated clay samples in large-scale model tests." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1330, no. 1 (May 1, 2024): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1330/1/012029.

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Abstract The preparation of high-strength saturated clay samples for large-scale model tests presents a significant challenge in geotechnical engineering. The slurry consolidation method has been conventionally employed to prepare saturated clay, despite its time-consuming and labor-intensive nature. Therefore, this study proposes a rapid preparation technique for clayey soils utilizing the dynamic compaction method, enabling the facile preparation of saturated clay samples by compacting the soils from an unsaturated state. During compaction, the void ratio decreases, thereby increasing the degree of saturation and enhancing the soil strength. Critical to this method are two variables: the moisture water content and the soil density, which are determined through bench-scale compaction tests using the Proctor compaction test apparatus. These tests establish the relationships between moisture content and density, degree of saturation, and soil strength. The moisture content aligning with the target soil strength is selected as the target moisture content for model-scale soil preparation, whereas the moisture content-density relationship sets the target density value. The laboratory tests validate that the soil strength of the saturated model-size clay samples prepared using the proposed method fulfills the requisite criteria, indicating its effectiveness for rapid preparation of high-strength saturated clay samples in large-scale model tests.

Tarantino, A., and E. De Col. "Compaction behaviour of clay." Géotechnique 58, no. 3 (April 2008): 199–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/geot.2008.58.3.199.

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Ponomaryov, Andrey, and Evgenia Sychkina. "Effect of clay compaction around driven pile and prediction of pile settlement." E3S Web of Conferences 363 (2022): 02016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202236302016.

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In the article the problem of geotechnical application of clay nd claystone as a base of driven pile foundations has been considered. When using these foundations, a compaction zone is formed in the clay space around the pile. The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of compaction zones on the results of analytical and numerical calculations for predicting the settlement of a driven pile in layered clay soils. The following tasks were solved: 1) The existing investigations of pile settlement in layered clay soils were analyzed; 2) The characteristics of experimental sites and the parameters of numerical modeling were, methods for testing single field piles in layered clay soils were described; 3) Calculation of single pile settlement was performed carried out by numerical methods with the use of Plaxis 2D software package and by an analytical method; 4) The experimental data were compared with the results of calculations by analytical and numerical methods. The developed calculation scheme with two compaction zones around driven piles can provides reasonable estimates of vertical displacements of the clay base. Based on the results obtained, the authors recommend using the analytical method with due regard for compaction zones in clays and claystones around the driven pile.

Lakho, Nawab Ali, Muhammad Auchar Zardari, and Naeem Aziz Memon. "Reduction of Cracking and Shrinkage in Compressed Clay Beams during Drying." July 2016 35, no. 3 (July 1, 2016): 395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.1603.09.

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Uncontrolled evaporation of moisture from compressed clay beams can cause surface cracks, resulting in reduction of strength. This paper presents various treatments applied to clay beams during the process of casting, compacting and drying in order to curtail the possibility of cracking and to decrease percentage of drying shrinkage. Following treatments were applied to the beams during casting and drying: (i) a steel plate and double layer of plastic sheet was provided between the beam and the plank, (ii) the beam was enveloped with a propylene fabric sheet during casting and (iii) beams were covered with plastic sheet during drying. Using these treatments, the clay beams were cast and compacted at various intensities of compaction. The results show that the drying shrinkage was reduced to minimum and the cracks were curtailed. The rate of drying shrinkage was decreased depending upon the level of compaction. Thus at the higher degree of compaction, more density of clay beams was achieved, which resulted in higher degree of compressive strength in baked and unbaked state.

Clayton, C. R. I., I. F. Symons, and J. C. Hiedra-Cobo. "The pressure of clay backfill against retaining structures." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 28, no. 2 (April 1, 1991): 282–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t91-034.

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This paper investigates the pressures exerted by clay backfills against retaining structures. The lateral pressures are developed during three main phases: placement, compaction, and burial; horizontal total stress reduction at constant moisture content; and swelling or consolidation under approximately constant vertical stress. Experimental data from laboratory and pilot-scale studies, using clays of intermediate and high plasticity, are presented and used to assess the magnitude of the pressure changes in each phase. The process of compaction is examined and it is concluded that previously developed theories for assessing the pressures on retaining walls developed by compaction of granular soils are inapplicable for cohesive soils. The factors controlling the swelling of cohesive backfill are reviewed and results from a preliminary numerical study are used to provide an indication of the likely effects of plasticity and placement moisture content. Key words: earth pressure, retaining walls, clay, compaction, swelling.

Cabot, Louis, and Jean-Pierre Le Bihan. "Quelques propriétés d'une argile sur la « ligne optimale de compactage »." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 30, no. 6 (December 1, 1993): 1033–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t93-100.

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This paper deals with the evolution of the texture of the clay during compaction and with the importance of maintaining a close correlation between the degree of compaction and the water content to obtain a sealed fill with a homogeneous texture. The results of laboratory tests show the orderly evolution of some physical and mechanical properties of the compacted clay along this optimal correlation of compaction. Finally, the results of the control tests on the clay of the core of Kompienga dam compacted according to these specifications are presented. Key words : compacted clay, texture, macroporosity, optimal line of compaction, evolution of properties, specifications of compaction.

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Дисертації з теми "Clay compaction":

Catana, M. Cevat. "Compaction and water retention characteristics of Champlain sea clay." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27337.

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Several engineering structures for geotechnical engineering applications are constructed using compacted fine-grained soils (i.e., dams, road embankments, pavements, canals, and waste containment structures such as soil covers and liners). The compacted fine-grained soils are typically in a state of unsaturated condition and plastic in nature. There is a growing interest in recent years to apply the mechanics of unsaturated soils in the design of geotechnical structures constructed with compacted fine-grained soils. The soil-water retention curve (SWRC) is being used as a key tool in extending the mechanics of unsaturated soils into engineering practice. Conventionally, SWRC is determined in the laboratory without taking account the volume changes with respect to soil suction. The water retention characteristics of plastic soils depend on the pore-size distribution, compressibility characteristics and the volume change behavior. For this reason, the conventional procedures that are used in the measurement of the SWRC may not provide reliable information. Therefore, the engineering behavior of compacted fine-grained soils cannot be reliably estimated or predicted if the volume change behavior with respect to suction is not considered while measuring the water retention curves for compacted fine-grained soils. In this thesis, a comprehensive experimental program is undertaken to determine the water retention characteristics of a local plastic soil, Champlain sea clay. This soil is commonly used in the construction of several structures in Ottawa and Quebec region. The SWRCs of Champlain sea clay were measured on specimens that were statically or dynamically compacted at different water contents and densities using different compaction energies. The suction measurements of the individually compacted specimens were determined using axis-translation technique and thermocouple psychrometers. The volume changes of the specimens were measured at each value of suction while determining the SWRC. In light of the experimental results, the parameters that influence the SWRC behavior such as compaction type (i.e., static or dynamic) and effort, initial compaction water content and void ratio on the water retention behavior of compacted fine-grained soils were investigated. In addition, a database of 16 compacted plastic soils with measured SWRCs and their conventional properties from the published literature was summarized. Relationships between the parameters of the SWRC, namely, the rate of desorption and the conventional soil properties were studied using the results of the present experimental program and the information from the database. This study shows that liquid limit coupled with clay fraction can be a useful tool to correlate with the rate of desorption for compacted soils. Based on this information, a new technique is proposed for the estimation of the entire SWRC of compacted fine-grained soils following the drying path. The required information for using this technique includes one point measurement of suction versus water content in the suction range of 0-500 kPa, along with data on the liquid limit and the clay fraction. The proposed technique provides good comparison between the measured and estimated SWRCs for the data studied in this research program. This technique can be used in the preliminary design stages of a project when detailed information about the soil is no available. In addition a state-of-art literature review on the devices presently available for the measurement of soil suction is summarized.

Duval, Jean. "Assessing porosity characteristics as indicators of compaction in a clay soil." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59275.

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Persistent soil compaction by heavy-axle-load vehicles is a growing concern for the long-term productivity of clay soils. For optimum soil management, however, we must be able to evaluate adequately soil structural damages. This study compares different methods of assessing soil structure as affected by compaction and subsoiling treatments in a clay soil under corn production.
The tests used were: total porosity as calculated from densimeter readings and from soil cores; structural porosity; water desorption characteristics; and soil profile examination. These tests were performed in three layers of 20 cm and evaluation was based on their practicality and their ability to differentiate between treatments and to correlate with corn yield.
The results confirm that total porosity is a poor indicator of compaction in the subsoil. In soil profile assessments, ped descriptions were preferable to examination of pores. Water content and saturation deficit at $-$4.0 and $-$100 kPa were the best indicators of treatments and plant response.

Okiongbo, Kenneth Samuel. "Volumetrics of petroleum generation and compaction of the Kimmeridge Clay Formation." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417523.

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Andras, Peter. "The role of clay mineral diagenesis in overpressure generation and compaction of siliciclastic mudstones." Thesis, Durham University, 2018. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12531/.

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Clay mineral diagenesis has a considerable effect on the physical properties of siliciclastic mudstones, with important implications for pore pressure prediction. The dominant clay mineral reaction, the conversion of smectite to illite, involves a series of dissolution and reprecipitation reactions which results in a significant change in the orientation of the clay mineral fabric. Unloading is a direct result of clay mineral diagenesis and concomitant fabric destabilisation, due to the local transfer of load from dissolving detrital clay grains to fluid. Pore pressure is then a function of the rate at which it is generated by clay mineral diagenesis (and other mechanisms such as disequilibrium compaction) and the rate at which it is dissipated by compaction and fluid flow. Clear evidence has been found for chemical compaction (porosity loss/sediment volume reduction) associated with illitization of smectite in Miocene mudstones in the Central Malay Basin, in Cretaceous mudstones at Haltenbanken, offshore mid-Norway, in Cretaceous to Tertiary mudstones in the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin, offshore Brazil and in Triassic mudstones in the North Sea Central Graben from measured physical, textural, and mineralogical properties, and from log responses. In addition to this diagenetically mature, illitized mudstones continue to compact mechanically with increasing effective stress. The newly presented data have been interpreted to discriminate between two models for the chemical compaction of diagenetically altered mudstones proposed by previous researchers: (effective) stress-independent chemical compaction and chemically-enhanced mechanical compaction. Key evidence in favour of the chemically-enhanced mechanical compaction model comes from density logs of Cretaceous mudstones at the Halten Terrace, offshore mid-Norway in association with the pore pressure history inferred by previous pore pressure analysis. This model is also consistent with the petrographic evidence that clay-rich siliciclastic mudstones have a clay-supported matrix both before and after illitization. Established methods of pore pressure estimation do not correctly account for the mechanical and chemical contributions to mudstone compaction, except empirically or in favourable circumstances where use can be made of data from offset wells with similar lithology, burial history and temperature history.

Lokre, Chinmay Vivekananda. "Effect of Density, Initial Water Content, Drying Temperature, Layer Thickness, and Plasticity Characteristics on Shrinkage Crack Development in Clay Soils: An Experimental Study." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1557423451910154.

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Tilgen, Huseyin Pars. "Relationship Between Suction And Shear Strength Parameters Of Compacted Metu Campus Clay." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1300425/index.pdf.

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In this study, the relationship between soil suction and shear strength parameters of compacted METU campus clay were investigated at different moisture contents. Soil samples were tested at optimum moisture content (i.e. w=20.8%), at dry side of optimum moisture content (i.e. w=14.8%, 16.8%, 18.8%) and at wet side of optimum moisture content (i.e. w=22.8%, 24.8%, 26.8%). Direct shear tests were performed to measure shear strength parameters (c'
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) and soil suctions were measured by filter paper method after direct shear tests. These relationships were also investigated on soaked samples. The trends for suction, angle of internal friction and cohesion, which change on the dry side and wet side of optimum moisture content, were analyzed. The compacted METU campus clay gains granular soil fabric at the dry side of optimum moisture content. As moisture content increases, cohesion increases up to optimum moisture content and then decreases. But angle of internal friction decreases as moisture content increases. Soaking affects the samples more which are on the dry side of optimum moisture content. The soil suction (total suction and matric suction) affects the shear strength, and an increase in soil suction increases the shear strength.

NAKANO, MASAKI, AKIRA ASAOKA, and TOSHIHIRO NODA. "SOIL-WATER COUPLED FINITE DEFORMATION ANALYSIS BASED ON A RATE-TYPE EQUATION OF MOTION INCORPORATING THE SYS CAM-CLAY MODEL." 地盤工学会, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20062.

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Ali, Hatim F. A. "Assessment of lime-treated clays under different environmental conditions." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18313.

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Natural soils in work-sites are sometimes detrimental to the construction of engineering projects. Problematic soils such as soft and expansive soils are a real source of concern to the long-term stability of structures if care is not taken. Expansive soils could generate immense distress due to their volume change in response to a slight change in their water content. On the other hand, soft soils are characterised by their low shear strength and poor workability. In earthwork, replacing these soils is sometimes economically and sustainably unjustifiable in particular if they can be stabilised to improve their behaviour. Several techniques have evolved to enable construction on problematic soils such as reinforcement using fibre and planar layers and piled reinforced embankments. Chemical treatment using, e.g. lime and/or cement is an alternative method to seize the volume change of swelling clays. The use of lime as a binding agent is becoming a popular method due to its abundant availability and cost-effectiveness. When mixed with swelling clays, lime enhances the mechanical properties, workability and reduces sensitivity to absorption and release of water. There is a consensus in the literature about the primary mechanisms, namely cation exchange, flocculation and pozzolanic reaction, which cause the changes in the soil characteristics after adding lime in the presence of water. The dispute is about whether these mechanisms occur in a sequential or synchronous manner. More precisely, the controversy concerns the formation of cementitious compounds in the pozzolanic reaction, whether it starts directly or after the cation exchange and flocculation are completed. The current study aims to monitor the signs of the formation of such compounds using a geotechnical approach. In this context, the effect of delayed compaction, lime content, mineralogy composition, curing time and environmental temperature on the properties of lime-treated clays were investigated. The compaction, swelling and permeability, and unconfind compression strength tests were chosen to evaluate such effect. In general, the results of the geotechnical approach have been characterised by their scattering. The sources of this dispersion are numerous and include sampling methods, pulverisation degree, mixing times and delay of compaction process, a pre-test temperature and humidity, differences in dry unit weight values, and testing methods. Therefore, in the current study, several precautions have been set to reduce the scattering in the results of such tests so that they can be used efficiently to monitor the evolution in the properties that are directly related to the formation and development of cementitious compounds. Four clays with different mineralogy compositions, covering a wide range of liquid limits, were chosen. The mechanical and hydraulic behaviour of such clays that had been treated by various concentrations of lime up to 25% at two ambient temperatures of 20 and 40oC were monitored for various curing times. The results indicated that the timing of the onset of changes in mechanical and hydraulic properties that are related to the formation of cementitious compounds depends on the mineralogy composition of treated clay and ambient temperature. Moreover, at a given temperature, the continuity of such changes in the characteristics of a given lime-treated clay depends on the lime availability.

TAKAGI, Kenji, 光夫野津, Mitsuo NOZU, 利弘野田, Toshihiro NODA, 敏浩高稲, Toshihiro TAKAINE та 健次高木. "水～土連成計算を用いた砂杭拡径による砂地盤の締固めメカニズムの一考察". 土木学会, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/8642.

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Ltifi, Mounir. "Étude expérimentale du vieillissement d'un sol argileux." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL103N.

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Dans le cadre de l'étude du vieillissement d'un sol fin au laboratoire, nous avons réalisé des essais classiques de cisaillement, à l’oedomètre et de perméabilité, sur des échantillons du limon de Xeuilley. L’effet du temps a été considéré à deux niveaux : d'une part, le temps de vieillissement après compactage à teneur en eau constante et le temps de vieillissement durant la consolidation. Les essais de cisaillement non consolidés non drainés ont été réalisés sur des échantillons préparés à des teneurs en eau différentes. Ils ont montré une augmentation de la résistance au cisaillement non drainée et du module de déformation liée à une diminution de la déformation à la rupture en fonction du temps. Ces mêmes effets ont été constatés pendant les essais de cisaillement consolidés non drainés dans des proportions différentes. Ceci est probablement dû aux mécanismes qui conditionnent le comportement drainé et non drainé du matériau durant le vieillissement. Les résultats des essais oedométriques ont aussi confirmé l'augmentation de la rigidité du matériau en fonction de l'âge des échantillons. Enfin, les essais de perméabilité ont montré que la perméabilité a tendance à diminuer en fonction du temps de stockage.

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Книги з теми "Clay compaction":

Shebl, Maher Abdel-Aal. Effect of compaction technique on the diffusion characteristics in clay liners. 1990.

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Hall, Roger. Soil Essentials. CSIRO Publishing, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643095632.

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Soil Essentials is a practical reference for farmers and land managers covering soil issues commonly encountered at the farm level. Written in a straightforward style, it explains the principles of soil management and the interpretation of soil tests, and how to use this information to address long-term soil and enterprise viability. This book demonstrates how minerals, trace elements, organic matter, soil organisms and fertilisers affect soil, plant and animal health. It shows how to recognise soil decline, and how to repair soils affected by nutrient imbalances, depleted soil microbiology, soil erosion, compaction, structural decline, soil sodicity and salinity. The major problem-soils – sodic soils, light sandy soils, heavy clay soils and acid sulphate soils – are all examined. With this information, farmers and land managers will be able to consider the costs and financial benefits of good soil management.

Частини книг з теми "Clay compaction":

Chetia, Malaya, Manash P. Baruah, and Asuri Sridharan. "Effect of Quarry Dust on Compaction Characteristics of Clay." In Contemporary Issues in Geoenvironmental Engineering, 78–100. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61612-4_7.

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Hu, Chao, Jiru Zhang, Xiaoqiang Gu, and Kai Xu. "The Compaction Properties of Construction Waste Slag-Clay Mixtures." In Proceedings of GeoShanghai 2018 International Conference: Transportation Geotechnics and Pavement Engineering, 425–33. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0011-0_46.

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Yogeshraj Urs, C., and H. S. Prasanna. "Parametric Study on Compaction Characteristics of Clay Sand Mixtures." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 141–52. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6513-5_12.

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Jyothi, D. N., H. S. Prasanna, B. V. Vidya, and B. S. Pooja. "Compaction Characteristics of China Clay–Bentonite–Sand Mix Proportions." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 119–32. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3383-6_12.

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Wang, Jianye, Andrew Sadler, Paul Hughes, and Charles Augarde. "Compaction Characteristics and Shrinkage Properties of Fibre Reinforced London Clay." In Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering, 858–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97112-4_192.

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O’Brien, Neal R., and Roger M. Slatt. "Formation of Shale by Compaction of Flocculated Clay--A Model." In Argillaceous Rock Atlas, 91–95. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3422-7_7.

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Lu, Yang, Sihong Liu, Meng Yang, and Yonggan Zhang. "Compaction Behavior of Clay-Gravel Mixtures Under Normal and Low Temperature." In Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering, 1390–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97115-5_107.

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Sivapriya, S. V. "Compaction Characteristics of Modified Clay Soils with Various Proportions of Crumb Rubber." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 183–90. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5101-7_18.

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Lee, F. H., A. Juneja, T. S. Tan, K. Y. Yong, and Y. W. Ng. "Excess pore pressure due to sand compaction pile installation in soft clay." In Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, 955–60. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203743362-173.

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Shaikh, Nafisa D. "Effect of Kaolinite Clay and Different Sand Gradation Mixture on Compaction Parameters." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 495–507. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6444-8_45.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Clay compaction":

Rodriguez-Pomajulca, Jhon Henry, Juan Carlos Bautista-Laruta, Neicer Campos Vasquez, and Ruben Kevin Manturano-Chipana. "Optimum Collapsible Clay Soil Compaction Methods - 2021." In 2nd LACCEI International Multiconference on Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Regional Development (LEIRD 2022): “Exponential Technologies and Global Challenges: Moving toward a new culture of entrepreneurship and innovation for sustainable development”. Latin American and Caribbean Consortium of Engineering Institutions, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18687/leird2022.1.1.94.

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Ellithy, G. S., and M. A. Gabr. "Compaction Moisture Effect on Geomembrane/Clay Interface Shear Strength." In Geo-Denver 2000. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40515(291)2.

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Andras, P., A. C. Aplin, N. R. Goulty, C. Sargent, A. Derkowski, and B. A. van der Pluijm. "Clay Mineral Transformations and Associated Compaction of Siliciclastic Mudstones." In Fifth EAGE Shale Workshop. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201600396.

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Zou, J., A. C. Pierre, and J. Whiting. "Compaction Behaviour Of A Clay-Fe-Water Tailings Sludge Model." In Annual Technical Meeting. Petroleum Society of Canada, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/91-118.

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Pandey, Krishna Murari, Guttikonda Manohar, and Saikat Ranjan Maity. "Effect of China Clay on Mechanical Properties of AA7075/B4C Hybrid Composite Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy Techniques." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24418.

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Abstract Composite materials are very predominant in the areas of industrial applications, aerospace and defense sectors. Aluminium metal matrix composites are main targeted materials by many researchers because of its low density, high strength, corrosion resistance and economical that makes material suitable for aerospace and automobile sectors. In this work effect of china clay volume fraction on mechanical properties of AA7075/B4C composite was investigated. Effect of china clay volume fraction on mechanical properties was analyzed with the help of results obtained by XRD, tensile, compression and micro hardness tests. From the experimentation analysis and results it was clear that added china clay acts as effective binder material for efficient compaction and ejection of green compacts from the die material after cold compaction processes and gives high strength to the composite material up to 7% volume fraction in sintered composite while in tensile strength after that material strength starts to degrade. In this work critical volume fractions of china clay in AA7075/B4C composite was investigated in tensile, compression and hardness. Further, effect of heat treatment on mechanical properties of the composite material was investigated.

Tang, Qiang, Takeshi Katsumi, Toru Inui, Atsushi Takai, and Zhenze Li. "Influence of Compaction Degree on Membrane Behavior of Compacted Clay Amended with Bentonite." In Geo-Congress 2014. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413272.184.

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Oka, Fusao, and Sayuri Kimoto. "An Elasto-Viscoplastic Model for Clay Considering Destructuralization and Prediction of Compaction Bands." In First Japan-U.S. Workshop on Testing, Modeling, and Simulation. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40797(172)3.

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Abd Al-Kaream, Khalid W., Mohammed D. Noori, Mudhafar K. Hameedi, and Zainab H. Shaker. "Characteristics of Clay Soils Utilizing Okra Tips." In 3rd International Conference of Engineering Sciences. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-goor20.

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Soft clay soil is well known to deform and fail beneath a light surcharge load and being described via high compressibility, low shear strength, and high content of water. The objective of the present study is to determine the optimum okra tips that can be added to stabilize soft clayey soil. Several tests were conducted to determine how varying percentages of okra two ends plants (3, 6 and 9%) for all additives to the dry weight of soil affect the results. The experimental work is used to get the percent of consistency limits, compaction, consolidation, and unconfined compressive strength of the two okra ends increased significantly over time until the improvise continuously decayed. As per the research results, adding, 9%, okra tips stabilizer increased the shear strength and efficiently bonded soil particles together, of resulting in the best engineering qualities. Raising the end content of okra leads to a 57 percent increase in the unconfined compressive strength in content 9 % okra tips.

Alkroosh, Iyad, Ali Al-Robay, Prabir Sarker, and Saif Alzabeebee. "Effect of sand percentage on the compaction properties and undrained shear strength of low plasticity soft clay." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARCHITECTURAL AND CIVIL ENGINEERING 2020. Cihan University-Erbil, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/aces2020/paper.143.

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This study investigated the influence of sand content on the mechanical behaviour of a low plasticity clay found in Iraq. Samples were prepared with sand contents of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% of the weight of the clay. Standard Proctor and unconfined compression tests were carried out and the optimum moisture content, maximum dry density, and undrained shear strength were determined. The results showed a gradual increasing trend of the maximum dry density with the increase of the sand content up to 30%. The highest dry density reached was 1.90 gm/cm3 corresponding to an optimum moisture content of 12%. In addition, it was also found that the undrained shear strength was inversely proportional to the increase of the percentage of sand. Thus, the dry density of the clay could be increased well above 1.70 g/cm3, which is the minimum dry density accepted as a compacted subgrade according to the Iraqi General Specifications for Roads and Bridges (2003); hence, the rejected low plasticity clay could be utilised by mixing with sand. The reasons for the increase of the dry density and the decrease of the undrained shear strength has been extensively discussed in the paper.

Ramachandran, Latha, and Kaviya Balasubramanian Latha. "Behavior of laterally loaded pile group in clay with stabilized pond ash compaction pile." In 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INNOVATIVE DESIGN, ANALYSIS & DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES IN AEROSPACE & AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING: I-DAD’22. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0139394.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Clay compaction":

Tehrani, Fariborz M., Kenneth L. Fishman, and Farmehr M. Dehkordi. Extending the Service-Life of Bridges using Sustainable and Resilient Abutment Systems: An Experimental Approach to Electrochemical Characterization of Lightweight Mechanically Stabilized Earth. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2023.2225.

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Bridges are critical components of transportation infrastructure. This research addresses the need to extend the service life of bridges by improving the safety and reliability of bridge abutments and reducing their life-cycle cost and footprints. Mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) is a known strategy to enhance the economy and performance of bridge abutments. In addition, the application of rotary-kiln-manufactured lightweight aggregate backfills improves the performance of MSE bridge abutments with a leaner structural system. Such improvements include a reduction of structural demands due to a lower density, free drainage of granular materials, a high internal friction angle, less settlement with no consolidation, and accelerated construction requiring less compaction effort. This project aims to assess the electrochemical properties of expanded shale, clay, and slate (ESCS) aggregates and their influence on the corrosion of embedded steel strips. The experimental methodology involves evaluating current testing methods to measure electrical resistivity, pH, sulfate, chloride, and corrosion considering various gradation, moisture, dilution, and curing conditions. Samples represent available sources of ESCS with one source of normal weight aggregates for comparison. Results indicate the appropriateness of ESCS for addressing corrosion in MSE backfills. Further, outcomes provide guidelines to categorically predict the corrosivity of steel reinforcement when ESCS is employed as fill within MSE systems. These guidelines can help optimize the design and reduce the need to maintain and rehabilitate bridges, abutments, and approach and departure slabs on roadways to keep transportation systems safe and cost-efficient for sustainable infrastructure.

Zand, Benjamin. PR-218-104509-R02 Field Validation of Surface Loading Stress Calculations for Buried Pipelines Milestone 2. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), April 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011477.

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In this work, the Canadian Energy Pipeline Association (CEPA) equation for prediction of hoop stress in a buried pipeline was validated using the Milestone 1 experimental data. The Milestone 1 testing program included a 24-inch outside diameter (OD), 0.25-inch wall thickness (WT) pipe specimen in sand (24-inch Sand); a 12.75-inch OD, 0.5-inch WT pipe specimen in clay (12-inch Packed Clay); and a 24-inch OD, 0.25-inch WT pipe specimen in clay (24-inch Dumped Clay). Two different depths of cover (DOC) values of 2 and 3 feet were used in the testing and the test specimens were crossed by a variety of construction equipment, namely a dump truck, a bulldozer, a front loader, and a vibratory compactor. The testing was conducted at internal pipe pressures of zero, 550 and 750 psig.

A. B. PEIKRISHIVILI and ET AL. EXPLOSIVE COMPACTION OF CLAD GRAPHITE POWDERS AND OBTAINING OF COATINGS ON THEIR BASE. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/768177.

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Shmulevich, Itzhak, Shrini Upadhyaya, Dror Rubinstein, Zvika Asaf, and Jeffrey P. Mitchell. Developing Simulation Tool for the Prediction of Cohesive Behavior Agricultural Materials Using Discrete Element Modeling. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697108.bard.

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The underlying similarity between soils, grains, fertilizers, concentrated animal feed, pellets, and mixtures is that they are all granular materials used in agriculture. Modeling such materials is a complex process due to the spatial variability of such media, the origin of the material (natural or biological), the nonlinearity of these materials, the contact phenomenon and flow that occur at the interface zone and between these granular materials, as well as the dynamic effect of the interaction process. The lack of a tool for studying such materials has limited the understanding of the phenomena relevant to them, which in turn has led to energy loss and poor quality products. The objective of this study was to develop a reliable prediction simulation tool for cohesive agricultural particle materials using Discrete Element Modeling (DEM). The specific objectives of this study were (1) to develop and verify a 3D cohesionless agricultural soil-tillage tool interaction model that enables the prediction of displacement and flow in the soil media, as well as forces acting on various tillage tools, using the discrete element method; (2) to develop a micro model for the DEM formulation by creating a cohesive contact model based on liquid bridge forces for various agriculture materials; (3) to extend the model to include both plastic and cohesive behavior of various materials, such as grain and soil structures (e.g., compaction level), textures (e.g., clay, loam, several grains), and moisture contents; (4) to develop a method to obtain the parameters for the cohesion contact model to represent specific materials. A DEM model was developed that can represent both plastic and cohesive behavior of soil. Soil cohesive behavior was achieved by considering tensile force between elements. The developed DEM model well represented the effect of wedge shape on soil behavior and reaction force. Laboratory test results showed that wedge penetration resistance in highly compacted soil was two times greater than that in low compacted soil, whereas DEM simulation with parameters obtained from the test of low compacted soil could not simply be extended to that of high compacted soil. The modified model took into account soil failure strength that could be changed with soil compaction. A three dimensional representation composed of normal displacement, shear failure strength and tensile failure strength was proposed to design mechanical properties between elements. The model based on the liquid bridge theory. An inter particle tension force measurement tool was developed and calibrated A comprehensive study of the parameters of the contact model for the DEM taking into account the cohesive/water-bridge was performed on various agricultural grains using this measurement tool. The modified DEM model was compared and validated against the test results. With the newly developed model and procedure for determination of DEM parameters, we could reproduce the high compacted soil behavior and reaction forces both qualitatively and quantitatively for the soil conditions and wedge shapes used in this study. Moreover, the effect of wedge shape on soil behavior and reaction force was well represented with the same parameters. During the research we made use of the commercial PFC3D to analyze soil tillage implements. An investigation was made of three different head drillers. A comparison of three commonly used soil tillage systems was completed, such as moldboard plow, disc plow and chisel plow. It can be concluded that the soil condition after plowing by the specific implement can be predicted by the DEM model. The chisel plow is the most economic tool for increasing soil porosity. The moldboard is the best tool for soil manipulation. It can be concluded that the discrete element simulation can be used as a reliable engineering tool for soil-implement interaction quantitatively and qualitatively.

Snyder, Victor A., Dani Or, Amos Hadas, and S. Assouline. Characterization of Post-Tillage Soil Fragmentation and Rejoining Affecting Soil Pore Space Evolution and Transport Properties. United States Department of Agriculture, April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580670.bard.

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Tillage modifies soil structure, altering conditions for plant growth and transport processes through the soil. However, the resulting loose structure is unstable and susceptible to collapse due to aggregate fragmentation during wetting and drying cycles, and coalescense of moist aggregates by internal capillary forces and external compactive stresses. Presently, limited understanding of these complex processes often leads to consideration of the soil plow layer as a static porous medium. With the purpose of filling some of this knowledge gap, the objectives of this Project were to: 1) Identify and quantify the major factors causing breakdown of primary soil fragments produced by tillage into smaller secondary fragments; 2) Identify and quantify the. physical processes involved in the coalescence of primary and secondary fragments and surfaces of weakness; 3) Measure temporal changes in pore-size distributions and hydraulic properties of reconstructed aggregate beds as a function of specified initial conditions and wetting/drying events; and 4) Construct a process-based model of post-tillage changes in soil structural and hydraulic properties of the plow layer and validate it against field experiments. A dynamic theory of capillary-driven plastic deformation of adjoining aggregates was developed, where instantaneous rate of change in geometry of aggregates and inter-aggregate pores was related to current geometry of the solid-gas-liquid system and measured soil rheological functions. The theory and supporting data showed that consolidation of aggregate beds is largely an event-driven process, restricted to a fairly narrow range of soil water contents where capillary suction is great enough to generate coalescence but where soil mechanical strength is still low enough to allow plastic deforn1ation of aggregates. The theory was also used to explain effects of transient external loading on compaction of aggregate beds. A stochastic forInalism was developed for modeling soil pore space evolution, based on the Fokker Planck equation (FPE). Analytical solutions for the FPE were developed, with parameters which can be measured empirically or related to the mechanistic aggregate deformation model. Pre-existing results from field experiments were used to illustrate how the FPE formalism can be applied to field data. Fragmentation of soil clods after tillage was observed to be an event-driven (as opposed to continuous) process that occurred only during wetting, and only as clods approached the saturation point. The major mechanism of fragmentation of large aggregates seemed to be differential soil swelling behind the wetting front. Aggregate "explosion" due to air entrapment seemed limited to small aggregates wetted simultaneously over their entire surface. Breakdown of large aggregates from 11 clay soils during successive wetting and drying cycles produced fragment size distributions which differed primarily by a scale factor l (essentially equivalent to the Van Bavel mean weight diameter), so that evolution of fragment size distributions could be modeled in terms of changes in l. For a given number of wetting and drying cycles, l decreased systematically with increasing plasticity index. When air-dry soil clods were slightly weakened by a single wetting event, and then allowed to "age" for six weeks at constant high water content, drop-shatter resistance in aged relative to non-aged clods was found to increase in proportion to plasticity index. This seemed consistent with the rheological model, which predicts faster plastic coalescence around small voids and sharp cracks (with resulting soil strengthening) in soils with low resistance to plastic yield and flow. A new theory of crack growth in "idealized" elastoplastic materials was formulated, with potential application to soil fracture phenomena. The theory was preliminarily (and successfully) tested using carbon steel, a ductile material which closely approximates ideal elastoplastic behavior, and for which the necessary fracture data existed in the literature.