Дисертації з теми "Clay addition"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-39 дисертацій для дослідження на тему "Clay addition".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте дисертації для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
Hill, Meagan E. "Adding Value to Recycled Polyethylene Through the Addition of Multi-Scale Reinforcements." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1125419618.
Повний текст джерелаWard, Philip R. "Generation of water repellence in sands, and its amelioration by clay addition /." Adelaide, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw262.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаWard, Philip R. "Generation of water repellence in sands, and its amelioration by clay addition / Philip R. Ward." Thesis, Adelaide, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21659.
Повний текст джерелаPaulsen, Eric. "Investigating the effect of coarse particle addition on the measured rheological parameters of fine clay slurries." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18629.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: Due to economic and environmental constraints mining operations are placed under increasing pressure to effectively manage and operate tailings disposal operations. Restrictions imposed on water usage and tailings operations footprint have led to higher density and wider particle size distribution slurries conveyed to tailings areas. One means of efficiently disposing the tailings is co-disposal. In this method a concentrated fine vehicle slurry is used to convey a coarser fraction. This produces a higher density of tailings, with a number of advantages both upstream and downstream of the tailings process. Limited research has been conducted on the effect of coarse particles on the non-Newtonian rheological properties of these slurries. This lack of information complicates the design and reliable operation of these systems. This project aims at gaining a clearer understanding as to the mechanisms involved in the addition of coarse particles to a fine clay slurry vehicle; and to provide a means of estimating the measured slurry rheological properties. A number of experiments were designed to test the slurry (both Kaolin only, and Kaolin-coarse particle mixtures) rheological properties using a Couette viscometer (for the dynamic flow properties of yield stress and plastic viscosity) and a vane instrument (for the static yield stress measurements). The slurries were prepared in varying Kaolin clay solids concentrations with reverse osmosis water. Glass beads and two types of industrial sand were used as the coarse fractions. All of the coarse particles had a similar size but varied significantly in shape. Slurry pH and temperature readings were monitored throughout the tests. Tests were done initially on clay only slurries. The rheological properties of these slurries were repeatable, and no noticeable variations of properties with time were observed. The yield stress (both static and dynamic) and plastic viscosity data were well correlated with established relationships. Coarse particles were added to the clay only slurries, and then removed. The remaining clay only slurry exhibited the same rheological properties as the initial clay only slurry. The presence of coarse particles increased all the measured rheological properties (i.e. dynamic yield stress, Bingham viscosity, and static vane yield stress) in a fashion resembling the effect of adding clay to a clay only slurry. In addition, the change in measured rheological property by addition of coarse particle was independent of the clay fraction in the clay slurry. Furthermore, with both the clay only slurries and clay and coarse sand slurries, a constant linear relationship existed between the static and dynamic yield stress. Several correlations from the literature were found to provide reasonable prediction of the rheological property variations observed. These empirical and semi-empirical models however did little to explain the mechanisms involved in coarse particle addition. A new correlation has been proposed, Residual Clay Concentration, which predicts the change in rheological property based on an additional clay concentration, which in turn is a linear function of the coarse particle concentration. The accuracy of this model further strengthens the belief that the coarse particle acts in a similar fashion to a floc. By means of a case study example the importance of selecting an appropriate model for design was illustrated. The Residual Clay Concentration method provided the most conservative results. This combined with its theoretical basis strengthens the models recommendation for use in design.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: As gevolg van ekonomiese en omgewings beperkinge word mynwese nywerhede onder toenemende druk geplaas om doeltreffende afvalstroom bestuur en operasie toe te pas. Beperkinge geplaas op water gebruik en afvalstroom area-groote ly tot hoër digthede en wyer partikel-grooteverspreidings van flodders vervoer na afval areas. Een manier om van die afval doeltreffend ontslae te raak en te berg is deur medeberging. In die metode word ‘n gekonsentreerde fyn flodder gebruik as draer van ‘n growwer partikel-fraksie. Dit ly tot ‘n hoër digtheid flodder, met verskeie voordele in beide die op – en afstroom prosesse. Beperkte navorsing is gedoen op die effek van growwe partikels op die nie-Newoniese rheolgiese eienskappe van hierdie flodders. Hierdie tekort aan informasie maak die effektiewe, betroubare bedryf en operasie van die sisteme meer ingewikkeld. Hierdie projek is daarheen gemik om ‘n beter begrip te ontwikkel met betrekking tot die meganismes betrokke in die byvoeging van growwe partikels aan ‘n fyn klei-agtige flodder draer; en om ‘n manier te voorsien wat die rheologiese eienskappe kan beraam. Verskeie eksperimente was ontwerp om die flodders (beide slegs Kaolien, en Kaoliengrowwe partikel mengsels) se rheologiese eienskappe te toets deur die gebruik van ‘n Couette-viskometer. Die Couette viskometer was gebruik om die dinamiese eienskappe (van grens-spanning, en plastiese viskositet) te meet. ‘n Vaan apparaat is gebruik om die eienskap van statiese grens-spanning te meet. Die flodders was voorberei in verskeie Kaolien konsentrasies met tru-osmosis water. Glas krale en twee tipes industriële sand is gebruik as die growwe fraksies. Al die growwe partikels het soortgelyke groottes gehad, maar het grootliks verskil in vorm. Die flodder pH en temperatuur lesings is deurentyd nagegaan. Toetse was aanvanklik gedoen op die klei-alleenlike flodders. Die gemete reologiese eienskappe van die flodders was herhaalbaar, en geen opmerkbare veranderinge van die eienskappe met betrekking tot tyd is gemeet nie. Die grens-spanning (beide statiese en dinamiese) en plastiese viskositeit is goed gekorrelleer met gevestigde verhoudinge. Growwe partikels is aan die klei-alleenlike flodders bygevoeg, en daarnae verwyder. Die oorblywende klei-alleenlike flodder het dieselfde gemete rheologiese eienskappe getoon as die oorspronklike klei-allenlike flodder. Die teenwoordigheid van growwe partikels het na ‘n toename van al die gamete rheologiese eienskappe gelei wat fisies baie soortgelyk is aan die byvoeging van klei tot ‘n klei-alleenlike flodder. Verder, met beide die klei-alleenlike en klei-growwe partikel flodders het ‘n konstante liniëre funksie tussen die statiese en dinamiese grens-spannings bestaan. Verskeie verhoudings uit die literatuur het goeie korrelasie bewerkstellig met die waargenome rheologie veranderinge. Hierdie empiriese en semi-empiriese modelle doen egter min om die megansimes betrokke in die toevoeging van growwe partikels te verduidelik. ‘n Nuwe korrelasie is voorgestel, naamlik die Residu Klei Konsentrasie. Hierdie model voorspel die verandering in reologiese eienskappe gebaseer op ‘n addisionele klei konsentrasie, wat ‘n liniëre funkise is van die growwe partikel konsentrasie. Die goeie korrelasie gesien met die model versterk die idée dat die growwe partikel in ‘n soortgelyke manier as ‘n flok gedra in die teenwoordigheid van ander flokke. Deur middel van ‘n tipiese industriële voorbeeld is die belangrikheid in die keuse van die regte korrelasie geillustreer. Die Residu Klei Konsentrasie metode het die mees konservatiewe resultate gelewer. Hierdie feit gekombineerd met die model se soliede teoreitiese beginsels versterk dit as voorgestelde korrelasie vir ontwerp.
Chirowodza, Helen. "Polymer-clay nanocomposites prepared by RAFT-supported grafting." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71914.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: In materials chemistry, surface-initiated reversible deactivation radical polymerisation (SI-RDRP) has emerged as one of the most versatile routes to synthesising inorganic/organic hybrid materials consisting of well-defined polymers. The resultant materials often exhibit a remarkable improvement in bulk material properties even after the addition of very small amounts of inorganic modifiers like clay. A novel cationic reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agent with the dual purpose of modifying the surface of Laponite clay and controlling the polymerisation of monomer therefrom, was designed and synthesised. Its efficiency to control the polymerisation of styrene was evaluated and confirmed through investigating the molar mass evolution and chain-end functionality. The surface of Laponite clay was modified with the cationic chain transfer agent (CTA) via ion exchange and polymerisation performed in the presence of a free non-functionalised CTA. The addition of the non-functionalised CTA gave an evenly distributed CTA concentration and allowed the simultaneous growth of surface-attached and free polystyrene (PS). Further analysis of the free and grafted PS using analytical techniques developed and published during the course of this study, indicated that the free and grafted PS chains were undergoing different polymerisation mechanisms. For the second monomer system investigated n-butyl acrylate, it was apparent that the molar mass targeted and the monomer conversions attained had a significant influence on the simultaneous growth of the free and grafted polymer chains. Additional analysis of the grafted polymer chains indicated that secondary reactions dominated in the polymerisation of the surface-attached polymer chains. A new approach to separating the inorganic/organic hybrid materials into their various components using asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) was described. The results obtained not only gave an indication of the success of the in situ polymerisation reaction, but also provided information on the morphology of the material. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out on the polymer-clay nanocomposite samples. The results showed that by adding as little as 3 wt-% of clay to the polymer matrix, there was a remarkable improvement in the thermal stability.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Oppervlakgeïnisieerde omkeerbare deaktiveringsradikaalpolimerisasie (SI-RDRP) is een van die veelsydigste roetes om anorganiese/organiese hibriedmateriale (wat bestaan uit goed-gedefinieerde polimere) te sintetiseer. Die produk toon dikwels ʼn merkwaardige verbetering in die makroskopiese eienskappe – selfs na die toevoeging van klein hoeveelhede anorganiese modifiseerders soos klei. ʼn Nuwe kationiese omkeerbare addisie-fragmentasie kettingoordrag (RAFT) middel met die tweeledige doel om die modifisering van die oppervlak van Laponite klei en die beheer van die polimerisasie van die monomeer daarvan, is ontwerp en gesintetiseer. Die klei se doeltreffendheid om die polimerisasie van stireen te beheer is geëvalueer en bevestig deur die molêre massa en die funksionele groepe aan die einde van die ketting te ondersoek. Die oppervlak van Laponite klei is gemodifiseer met die kationiese kettingoordragmiddel (CTA) deur middel van ioonuitruiling en polimerisasie wat uitgevoer word in die teenwoordigheid van ʼn vrye nie-gefunksionaliseerde CTA. Die toevoeging van die nie-gefunksionaliseerde CTA het ʼn eweredig-verspreide konsentrasie CTA teweeggebring en die gelyktydige groei van oppervlak-gebonde en vry polistireen (PS) toegelaat. Verdere ontleding van die vrye- en geënte PS met behulp van analitiese tegnieke wat ontwikkel en gepubliseer is gedurende die verloop van hierdie studie, het aangedui dat die vry- en geënte PS-kettings verskillende polimerisasiemeganismes ondergaan. n-Butielakrilaat is in die tweede monomeer-stelsel ondersoek en dit was duidelik dat die molêre massa wat geteiken is en die geënte polimeerkettings. ʼn Nuwe benadering tot die skeiding van die anorganiese/organiese hibriedmateriale in hulle onderskeie komponente met behulp van asimmetriese vloeiveld-vloei fraksionering (AF4) is beskryf. Die resultate wat verkry is, het nie net 'n aanduiding gegee van die sukses van die in-situ polimerisasiereaksie nie, maar het ook inligting verskaf oor die morfologie van die materiaal. Termogravimetriese analise (TGA) is uitgevoer op die polimeer-klei nanosaamgestelde monsters. Die resultate het getoon dat daar 'n merkwaardige verbetering in die termiese stabiliteit was na die toevoeging van so min as 3 wt% klei by die polimeermatriks.
Kyle, Clinton. "Influence of magnetic field exposure and clay mineral addition on the fractionation of Greek yogurt whey components." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/19021.
Повний текст джерелаFood Science Institute
Jayendra Amamcharla
Greek yogurt is one of the largest-growing sectors in the dairy industry accounting for over 25% of yogurt sales in the United States. Greek yogurt is produced by removing a portion of water and water soluble components from yogurt. Consequently, a large quantity of Greek yogurt whey (GYW) is being produced as a co-product. GYW is compositionally different from cheese whey, and thus poses economic and environmental challenges to the dairy industry. The objective of the present study was to evaluate two physical treatments as alternative methods for separating valuable GYW components: magnetic fluid treatment (MFT) and the addition of sepiolite, a clay mineral. A MFT chamber was designed using four pairs of neodymium magnets arranged to produce a magnetic field strength of 0.6 Tesla. Three batches of GYW each from two manufacturers were procured. A 2×3 factorial design was used with MFT or without MFT and the addition of zero, two, or four grams of sepiolite per 100g of GYW. The pH of GYW was adjusted to 7.2 using 5N NaOH solution, and the GYW was pumped at a rate of 7.5 L/min through the MFT system with or without MFT chamber attached. The sample was split into three sub-samples, heated to 80°C, and sepiolite was added as per the experimental design. The samples were centrifuged at 1,000g for five minutes. The top aqueous layer was separated and analyzed for total solids, ash, lactose, protein, calcium, phosphates, and sodium content along with color. MFT did not influence the analyzed whey components (P > 0.05) except for lactose. However, addition of sepiolite influenced protein content and a* and b* color values for the top aqueous layers (P < 0.05). Both levels of sepiolite addition resulted in about a 50% decrease in protein compared to original GYW. Adding two grams of Sepiolite per 100g of GYW from manufacturer 1 resulted in b* decreasing from 25.99 to 8.16 compared to treated GYW with no sepiolite. Sepiolite was found to have possible applications in the removal of proteins and color pigments in GYW.
Wells, Miriam. "The effect of clay addition on the settling ability of activated sludge as a proposed method to control filamentous bulking." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Biological Sciences, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10279.
Повний текст джерелаSamakande, Austin. "Use of the RAFT technique as an efficient method to synthesise well defined polymer-clay nanocomposites with improved properties." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1242.
Повний текст джерелаSynthesis and structural characterization of two novel cationic and three new neutral reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agents is described. The cationic RAFT agents bear a quaternary ammonium group: N,N-dimethyl-N-(4- (((phenylcarbonothionyl)thio)methyl)benzyl)ethanammonium bromide (PCDBAB) and N-(4-((((dodecylthio)carbonothioyl)thio)methyl)benzyl)-N,N-dimethylethanammonium bromide (DCTBAB). The three neutral RAFT agents synthesized are 1,4- phenylenebis(methylene)dibenzene carbodithioate (PCDBDCP), didodecyl-1,4- phenylenebis(methyllene)bistrithiocarbonate (DCTBTCD) and 11-(((benzylthio)carbonothioyl) thio)undecanoic acid (BCTUA). The self-assembly behaviour in diluted aqueous solutions of the cationic RAFT agents, PCDBAB and DCTBAB, is described. The self-assembly behaviour was promoted by the presence of the thiocarbonyl- thio group on the RAFT agents, in addition to the overall chemical structure of the surfactant that also influence self-assembly. The RAFT agents were used for the bulk or miniemulsion RAFT-mediated controlled free-radical polymerization in the presence of clay to yield polymer–clay nanocomposites (PCNs). Bulk polymerization resulted in PCNs with better control of molar mass and polydispersity index (PDI) values when compared to PCNs prepared by miniemulsion polymerization. In both bulk and miniemulsion polymerizations the molar masses and PDI values were dependent on the amount of clay and RAFT agent present in the system. Free-radical bulk neutral RAFT agent-mediated polymerization resulted in PCNs with predominantly intercalated morphology. This was attributed to radical–radical coupling of the initiator anchored onto the clay galleries on which polymerization took place. On the other hand, when the cationic RAFT agent anchored onto clay, i.e. RAFT-modified clay was used, bulk polymerization resulted in predominantly exfoliated PCNs. However, miniemulsion polymerization carried out in the presence of the RAFT-modified clays resulted in PCNs with a morphology that ranged from partially exfoliated to intercalated morphology, as the clay loading was increased. The changing morphology for miniemulsion-based PCNs was attributed to the decreasing molar mass as the clay loading was increased. The PCNs obtained had enhanced thermo-mechanical properties as a result of the presence of clay. The thermo-mechanical properties depended on the molar mass, PDI, clay loading, and the morphology of the PCNs.
Meskar, Mahmoud. "Treatment of Petroleum Contaminated Soil using Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) Technology." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37393.
Повний текст джерелаRIBEIRO, Adriano Mendes. "Estudo da incorporação de altos teores de argila calcinada no concreto compactado com rolo." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/652.
Повний текст джерелаThe rolled compacted concrete (RCC) is a still relatively new technique, but with growing volume of use, a fact generated by its technical and economical advantages, requiring more studies in order to use with greater efficiency, safety and economy. This work deals with the RCC with high levels of replacement and addition of part of the Portland cement by calcined clay pozzolan, aiming to analyze and quantify the improvements of the concrete properties and reach a satisfactory level of use, which allows for improvement or maintenance of the properties with a lower consumption of cement per cubic meter. So its impacts on the properties of RCC for this type of mineral addition were studied for the substitution levels adopted, checking the influence on the properties of the fresh concrete in the consistency and the density. For the hardened concrete some mechanical properties and durability were evaluated by compressive and tensile strength, capillarity and immersion by water absorption, test of permeability by water and ultrasound test. The use of calcined clay come together with the needs of the cement production for the construction of dams in the north of the country, as the case of Santo Antônio / RO, because its place is far removed from major industries and cement production slag, fly ash and silica fume, requiring the study of materials to enhance the production of cement. As an important result obtained with this research, it was found that substitution ranging from 27% to 50% achieved the best results, regarding the applicability of this material on the surveyed properties.
O Concreto Compactado com Rolo (CCR) é uma técnica ainda relativamente nova, porém com volume de utilização crescente, fato gerado pelas suas vantagens econômicas e técnicas, requerendo assim mais estudos para embasar o seu uso com maior eficiência, segurança e economia. O presente trabalho trata do CCR com elevados teores de substituição e de adição de parte do volume de cimento Portland por pozolana de argila calcinada, objetivando analisar e quantificar as melhorias das suas propriedades e chegar a um teor satisfatório de utilização, o qual possibilite melhoria ou manutenção das propriedades avaliadas com um menor consumo de cimento por metro cúbico. Desta forma foram avaliados os impactos nas propriedades do CCR para este tipo de adição mineral, nos teores adotados, aferindo a influencia nas propriedades do concreto no estado fresco quanto à consistência e massa específica. No estado endurecido algumas propriedades mecânicas e de durabilidade foram analisadas através da resistência à compressão e à tração por compressão diametral, a absorção de água por capilaridade e por imersão, a permeabilidade à água e ensaio de ultrassom. O uso da argila calcinada vem ao encontro das necessidades da produção de cimento para as usinas em construção na Região Norte do país, como é o caso de Santo Antônio / RO, pois se trata de uma obra muito distante das grandes indústrias cimenteiras e da produção de escória, cinza volante e sílica ativa, o que requer a investigação de materiais para aperfeiçoar a produção de cimento. Como resultado importante obtido na pesquisa em questão, verificou-se que a substituição oscilando entre 27% a 50% atingiu os melhores resultados quanto à aplicabilidade desse material nas propriedades pesquisadas.
De, Martino Luciano. "Caratterizzazione di un materiale composito innovativo trasformato mediante tecnologia additiva." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
Знайти повний текст джерелаMichal, Lukáš. "Zlepšení sedimentační stability MR kapalin použitím bentonitových jílů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-443152.
Повний текст джерелаOdinot, Julie. "Développement de la fabrication additive directe par DED-CLAD : de la poudre à la mise en forme de pièces céramiques denses." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLN059.
Повний текст джерелаThis work, in partnership between the ONERA Materials and Composite Structure Department (DMSC) and IREPA Laser within the CLADIATOR project, is based on the study of direct additive manufacturing of dense ceramic materials by direct melt deposition (also known as laser cladding) process. This process enables high dimensions or even multi-materials part manufacturing.It will deal with the adaptation of raw materials (ceramic powders) to the existing machine, especially in the case of powder flowability and optical absorption. Indeed, the powder flowability enables its transportation up to the laser nozzle, while the optical absorption of the laser signal is necessary to allow its melting.In parallel, the existing machine also needs to be adapted to ceramic materials : the main difficulty of this work will be the occurence of cracks during the manufacturing. This phenomena is due to the local heating by the laser and the materials brittleness. That’s why some secondary heating solutions, before or after the melt, will have to be defined to decrease the thermal gradient in the material while processing. Those solutions will be discussed between Onera and Irepa Laser, based on FEM simulations established with COMSOL Multiphysics software.Finally, the elaboration process influence on the manufactured ceramics parts will be investigated with microscopy, mechanical and thermal characterization
Schneider-Maunoury, Catherine. "Application de l’injection différentielle au procédé de fabrication additive DED-CLAD® pour la réalisation d’alliages de titane à gradients de compositions chimiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0260/document.
Повний текст джерелаSince 1984, the Functionally Graded Material (FGM) allow to create a thermal barrier and to reduce the strong discontinuities of properties between two materials of different composition. These multimaterials,whose consist of an intentional variation in the chemical composition and, consequently, modify the microstructural, chemical, mechanical and thermal properties, lead to a smooth distribution of the thermal stress. The in-situ development of these custom-made alloys is made possible by the use of additive manufacturing processes such as the DED-CLAD® powder deposition process. These processes have grown substantially since the 1980s and are optimal for the manufacture of FGM. During this industrial thesis, technical developments have been carried out to adapt the DED-CLAD® process and to allow the manufacturing of FGM. Thanks to two industrial collaborations, a full study was carried out on titanium-molybdenum and titanium-niobium alloys. These alloys make it possible, in the first case, to produce parts resistant to strong thermal stress (space sector), and in the second case to combine mechanical properties and biocompatibility (biomedical sector). The originality of this thesis rests on the study of a complete gradient, that is the addition in alloy element varied from 0% to 100%. In fact, studies reported in the literature do not mention titanium-refractory material for high levels of refractory element. Microstructural (XRD, crystallographic analysis by EBSD technique), chemical (EDS) and mechanical (microhardness, tensile test and instrumented indentation) analyses revealed an evolution of the properties along the chemical gradient. The mechanical characterization of the sample by instrumented indentation has also proved particularly relevant in the case of these multi-materials
Jordens, Kurt. "Hybrid Inorganic-Organic Materials: Novel Poly(Propylene Oxide) Based Ceramers, Abrasion Resistant Sol-Gel Coatings for Metals, and Epoxy-Clay Nanocomposites. With an Additional Chapter On: Metallocene Catalyzed Linear Polyethylene." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30194.
Повний текст джерелаPh. D.
Beziat, Alain. "Etude experimentale de la conductivite thermique de materiaux argileux hautement compactes : contribution a l'etude du stockage de dechets radioactifs." Orléans, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ORLE2026.
Повний текст джерелаBoušková, Linda. "Anatomie domu a digitální regionalismus." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-377348.
Повний текст джерелаMichalčíková, Magdaléna. "Vývoj injektážních směsí pro dodatečné těsnění sypaných hrází." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227206.
Повний текст джерелаAbidi, Nejib. "Interactions argiles naturelles-effluents teinturiers : influence des propriétés de surface des argiles et mécanismes d'adsorption des colorants." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAH005/document.
Повний текст джерелаIndustrial effluents from textile activities often have a high pollution load readily biodegradable. Previous work has shown the potential of natural untreated clays to clean up these dyers effluents although anionic dyes are not easily absorbable on these media. The effluents also contain other chemical compounds used in the different stages of the dyeing process, and which are of various natures (salts, acids, bases, detergents, enzyme derivatives, etc ...). It appears that these auxiliary products play a role in the adsorption of anionic dyes on untreated clay. However, no currently known study has examined the effect of the additives from the dyeing process on the adsorption of dye onto clay. This is the first study to focus on the dye-clay-additive system. Adsorption / desorption batch tests were conducted considering different dye additive-clay systems. The tests’ results show that the enzyme like additives enhance the adsorption of anionic dye on the clay by neutralizing the negative charges and reinforcing clay-dye links. Other additives have the opposite effect, but do not offset the positive effect of enzyme like additives when mixed in the effluent. Assumptions of interactions involved in dye adsorption were made with the help of the results of infrared and mass spectrometry, zetametry and the modeling of adsorption isotherms
Schapel, Amanda. "Carbon storage in sandy soil amended with clay. Examining the relationship of organic carbon concentration to clay concentration, clod size and distribution." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/117975.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2018
Tahir, Shermeen. "Clay amended sandy soil – influence of clay concentration and particle size on nutrient availability and organic carbon content after plant residue addition." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/119196.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, 2017
Mirzababaei, M., M. Miraftab, Mostafa H. A. Mohamed, and P. McMahon. "Impact of Carpet Waste Fibre Addition on Swelling Properties of Compacted Clays." 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/9690.
Повний текст джерелаMunicipalities and recycling and environmental authorities are concerned about the growing amount of carpet waste produced by household, commercial and industrial sectors. It is reported that 500,000 tonnes of carpet waste fibre are plunged into landfills annually in the UK. In the United States of America, around 10 million tonnes of textile waste was generated in 2003. In geotechnical engineering, expansive clay soils are categorised as problematic soils due to their swelling behaviour upon increase in the moisture content. The problematic nature of such soils is intensified with the increase in the plasticity index. This paper presents results of a comprehensive investigation into utilisation of carpet waste fibres in order to improve the swelling characteristics of compacted cohesive soils. Therefore, two different clay soils with markedly different plasticity indices (i.e. 17.0 and 31.5 %) were treated with two different types of carpet waste fibre. Waste fibres were added to prepare specimens with fibre content of 1, 3 and 5 % by dry weight of soil. Soil specimens with different dry unit weights and moisture contents were prepared so as to the swelling behaviour of fibre reinforced compacted clays is completely attained under various scenarios. The results indicated that the behaviour of the fibre reinforced soils seems highly dependent on the initial compaction state and secondary on the moisture content. It was found that the swelling pressure drops rapidly as the percentage of fibre increases in samples prepared at the maximum dry unit weight and optimum moisture content. Reducing the dry unit weight, while maintaining constant moisture content or increasing the moisture content at constant dry unit weight was found to reduce the swelling pressure.
Jayalath, Nilmini. "Effect of organic matter and sulfidic clay addition on pH and redox potential of inland acid sulfate soils." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/119516.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (Ph.D.) (Research by Publication) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2016.
Lin, Chien-Yu, and 林建佑. "Development of less-polluting incense: addition of Oyster and Asiatic clam shells in incense prepartion." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18934807614010425779.
Повний текст джерела嘉南藥理科技大學
環境工程與科學系
101
Particulate matter (PM) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emissions of burning incense have been investigated on the quality of surrounding air. However, the reduction of PM and PAHs from burning incense has received little attention. In the present study, two types of incense were made in the laboratory. Five to thirty percent of Oyster (OS) and Asiatic Clam Shells (ACS) was added to Sin-shan, Lao-shan, Liao and Chen wood flours, which are popular incense materials. Experimental results indicate that the reduction of emissions of PM and PAHs from burning incense increased with increasing amount of OS and ACS additive. Mean PM reductions for 30.0% of OS and ACS were 35% and 34%, respectively. Mean PAH reductions were 21% and 20% for particle-phase PAHs, respectively, and 37% and 21% for benzo[a]pyrene equivalent concentration, respectively. These results may be attributed to OS and ACS acted as filler in the burning incense. OS and ACS was substituted for organic material in the incense reducing PM and PAHs emissions from the smolder. The findings of this study may serve as a guide to producing safer and less-polluting incense.
Golub, Michael. "Characterization of tensile and hardness properties and microstructure of 3D printed bronze metal clay." Thesis, 2017. https://doi.org/10.7912/C2QS8X.
Повний текст джерелаBronze is a popular metal for many important uses. Currently, there are no economical 3D printers that can print Bronze powders. A recent product, Bronze Metal Clay (BMC) has arrived. Additionally, commercial metal 3D printers require laser or electron beam sources, which are expensive and not easily accessible. The objective of this research is to develop a new two-step processing technique to produce 3D printed metallic component. The processing step includes room temperature 3D printing followed by high-temperature sintering. Since no material data exists for this clay, the tensile strength and hardness properties of BMC are compared to wrought counterpart. In this research tests are completed to determine the mechanical properties of Cu89Sn11 Bronze Metal Clay. The author of this thesis compares the physical properties of the same material in two different formats: 3D printed clay and molded clay. Using measured stress-strain curves and derived mechanical properties, including Young's modulus, yield strength, and ultimate tensile strength, the two formats demonstrate inherit differences. The Ultimate tensile strength for molded BMC and 3D-printed specimens sintered at 960 C was 161.94 MPa and 157 MPa, respectively. A 3D printed specimen which was red at 843 C had 104.32 MPa tensile strength. Factory acquired C90700 specimen had an ultimate stress of 209.29 MPa. The Young's modulus for molded BMC and 3D-printed specimens sintered at 960 C was 36.41 GPa and 37.05 GPa, respectively. The 843 C 3D-printed specimen had a modulus of 22.12 GPa. C90700 had the highest modulus of 76.81 GPa. The Yield stress values for molded BMC and 3D-printed specimens sintered at 960 C was 77.81 MPa and 72.82 MPa, respectively. The 3D-printed specimen had 46.44 MPa. C90700 specimen had 115.21 MPa. Hand molded specimens had a Rockwell hardness HRB85, while printed samples had a mean of HRB69. Also, molded samples recorded a higher Young's Modulus of 43 GPa vs. 33 GPa for the printed specimens. Both samples were weaker than the wrought Cu88:8Sn11P0:2 which had a 72 GPa. Cu88:8Sn11P0:2 also was a harder material with an HRC45. The property di erence between 3D printed, molded, and wrought samples was explained by examining their micro structures. It shows that 3D printed sample had more pores than the molded one due to printing process. This study demonstrates the flexibility and feasibility of using 3D printing to produce metallic components, without laser or electron beam source.
LIANG, RONG-YUAN, and 梁榮元. "The effects of photosynthetic bacteria (Rhodopseudomonas capsulatus) addition and hard clam (Meretrix lousoria) polyculture on kuruma prawn (Penaeus japonicus) culture system." Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28877467851117071216.
Повний текст джерелаChu, Ching-Cheng, and 朱慶成. "Structure analysis for styrene/unsaturated polyester/ montmorillonite clay ternary systems by X-ray scattering and mechanical properties for styrene/unsaturated polyester/additive ternary systems." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8v2up6.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
95
In this work, the effects of nano-scale and submicron-scale acrylic type of core-shell rubbers (CSR) and silane-treated montmorillonite (MMT) clay as additives for UP resins, on the mechanical properties of the styrene(St)/Unsaturated Polyester(UP)/additives ternary systems after the cure have been investigated. For St/UP/ silane-treated MMT ternary systems,the scattering intensity of unsaturated polyester (UP) with different structure in dilute styrene solution was measured by the method of small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and the radius of gyration of the UP molecule can then be calculated by using the Guinier law. Hence, the ease at which the UP molecule can diffuse into the gallery spacing of the MMT clay can be evaluated. The change of inter-gallery spacing of MMT and inter structure of the material for the St/UP/ silane-treated MMT systems before and after the cure has also been studied by using the SAXS and wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS).
Ma, Jiun-Kuei, and 馬鈞奎. "Effects of low-profile additives, core-shell rubber tougheners, and montmorillonite clay on the cure kinetics and glass transition temperatures for styrene/unsaturated polyester/additive ternary systems." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40239126763317823363.
Повний текст джерелаCampos, Tatiana Vilaça. "Exploração da utilização de pasta de papel na fabricação aditiva em arquitetura." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/59881.
Повний текст джерелаConsiderando uma abordagem transformadora na indústria, as técnicas de fabrico aditivo (FA) transformaram várias áreas ao longo das últimas décadas, como a arquitetura e a engenharia, no que toca à produção de sistemas e revestimentos mais complexos. Estes fatores foram executáveis devido à constante evolução tecnológica, conseguida através da alteração do paradigma do pensamento analógico-digital. O ‘fabrico aditivo’ é um processo de transformação que advém de um desenho digital e rematasse num modelo físico, culminando a capacidade de criação de um modelo tridimensional por meio da adição do próprio material - Aditivo. Denominar este processo de ‘impressão 3D’ ou ‘prototipagem rápida’ é incorreto, uma vez que estes dois termos na realidade são duas vertentes que surgiram do FA. Cada objeto produzido para prototipagem é digitalmente definido pela utilização de softwares Computer Aided Design (CAD), onde, através da geração de um código é possível “fatiar” o objeto para a sua produção. Embora as técnicas de FA possam suscitar surpresas para alguns utilizadores, a sua existência remota à várias décadas, sofrendo assim constantes evoluções transversalmente ao desenvolvimento tecnológico. Quando aplicadas em determinados contextos oferecem elevadas vantagens, maiormente na obtenção de modelos com um elevado rigor e detalhe. A pesquisa de ‘novos’ materiais é possível, se se constatar que ao longo desta investigação, é pretendido aumentar o conhecimento, adquirido até à data, para possíveis misturas compósitas oportunas para utilização em arquitetura. Graças às tecnologias de fabrico aditivo e à integração de processos de modelação tridimensional, a celulose, efetivamente pode ser considerada uma nova possibilidade para a produção de elementos arquitetónicos quando adicionada estrategicamente com determinados materiais. O desenvolvimento de variadas misturas poderá beneficiar o campo tecnológico, mais concretamente a impressão 3D e prototipagem rápida, através da laboração de uma pasta possível de utilizar para a personalização de componentes arquitetónicos, com baixos custos de produção. O principal caso de estudo desta investigação centra-se no desenvolvimento de uma parede modular, que utiliza como base blocos hexagonais regulares. Será desenvolvida com o intuito de compilar todos os resultados obtidos com o estudo da celulose e a possibilidade de união a outros materiais. Toda a parede será engendrada através de razões paramétricas, recorrendo a programas computacionais, fazendo-se variar a geometria de cada bloco segundo parâmetros definidos.
Considering a transformative approach in the industry, additive manufacturing (AM) techniques have been transforming several areas in the past decades, such as architecture and engineering, regarding systems productions and complex coatings. These factors were executable due to the constant technological evolution, achieved through the alteration of the paradigm of analogical-digital thinking. The ‘additive manufacturing’ is a process of transformation that accrues from a digital design and comes into a physical model, culminating the ability to create a three - dimensional model through the addition of the material itself - Additive. To name this process of ‘3D printing’ or ‘rapid prototyping’ is incorrect, since these two terms are actually two strands that arose from the AM. Each object produced for prototyping is digitally defined by the use of Computer Aided Design (CAD) software, where, through the generation of a code, it is possible to “slice” the object for its production. Although the AM techniques can cause surprises for some users, their existence is remote for several decades, thus suffering constant changes across technology development. When applied in certain contexts they might offer high advantages, mainly by obtaining models with high rigor and detail. The research of ‘new’ materials is possible, has it has been verified throughout this investigation, it is intended to increase the knowledge, acquired so far, for possible composite mixtures suitable for architecture use. Thanks to the technologies of additive manufacturing and the integration of three-dimensional modeling processes, cellulose can effectively be considered as a new possibility at the production of architectural elements when added strategically with certain materials. The development of various mixes could benefit the technological field, namely 3D printing and rapid prototyping, by working with a paste that can be used for personal customization in architectural components, regarding low cost production. The main case on this research focuses on the development of a modular wall, which uses regular hexagonal blocks as base. It will be developed with the purpose of compiling all the results obtained with the study of cellulose and the possibility of union with other materials. The entire wall will be generated through parametric reasons, using computational programs, by making the geometry of each block vary according to defined parameters.
Andriani, Yosephine, and 黃麗君. "Effects of Nano-Scale and Submicron-Scale Core Shell Rubber Additives and Montmorillonite Clay on the Cure Kinetics and Glass Transition Temperature for Styrene/Unsaturated Polyester/Additive Ternary System." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/q2cpf9.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
95
The effects of nano-scale core-shell rubber type of low profile additive and Silane treated montmorillonite clay on the cure kinetics and glass transition temperature of styrene/unsaturated polyester/additive ternary system have been investigated. The reaction kinetics of styrene/unsaturated polyester/additive ternary system during the cure at 1100C was investigated by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectoscopy (FTIR). Adding nano-scale core-shell rubber type of low profile additive and silane treated montmorillonite clay into the system has increased the unsaturated C=C bonds conversion, which was related to the formation of microgel particles during the polymerization. Based on the Takayanagi mechanical models, the effect of additive nano-scale core-shell rubber type of low profile additive on the glass transition temperature of ternary cured sample was studied. The glass transition temperature of the ternary cured sample was measured by Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) and Thermal Stimulated Current (TSC).
Juang, Kwun-Da, and 江昆達. "Effects of nano-scale and submicron-scale core-shell rubber additives, and montmorillonite clay on the cure kinetics and glass transition temperatures for styrene/ vinyl ester /additive ternary systems." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82917562286338992621.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
96
The effects of reactive microgel (RM) and nano-scale and sub-micron scale core shell rubbers (CSR) as low-profile additives (LPA), and silane treated montmorillonite clay (MMT) on the cure kinetics and glass transition temperatures for styrene/unsaturated polyester/additive ternary systems have been investigated. The reaction kinetics for the ST/UP/additive ternary system during the cure was measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). Finally, based on the Takayanagi mechanical models, the glass transition temperature in each region of the cured samples for ST/UP/additive ternary systems has been measured by the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA).
HSU, HSUN-MIN, and 許勛閔. "Effects of nano-scale and submicron-scale core-shell rubber additives and montmorillonite clay on the volume shrinkage , pigmentability and cured sample morphology for styrene/unsaturated polyester/additive ternary systems." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3jjw67.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
95
The effects of two additives, including (1) nano- scale and submicron-scale core-shell rubber additive, and (2) montmorillonite clay, on the cured sample morphology, volume shrinkage characteristics and internal pigmentability for the styrene(St)/ unsaturated polyester(UP) /additive ternary systems after the cure were investigated. The experimental results have been explained by integrated measurements combining phase characteristic of the St/UP/additive ternary system before the cure, XRD analysis , cured sample morphology, final cure conversion, and volume fraction of microvoid generated during the cure by using DSC , SAXS , WAXS , SEM , TEM , OM and image analysis. (keywords: core-shell rubber(CSR); montmorillonite (MMT); volume shrinkage;internal pigmentability;unsaturated polyester(UP); curing)
CHEN, SHAO-WEI, and 陳紹偉. "Effects of low-profile additives, core-shell rubber tougheners, and montmorillonite clay on the microvoid formation, morphology, physical and mechanical properties for styrene/unsaturated polyester/additive ternary systems after the cure." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17884951202457339184.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
92
The effects of three series of additives, including(1)poly(vinyl acetate)(PVAc) low-profile additives(LPA), (2)core-shell rubber toughener, (3)montmorillonite clay, on the microvoid formation, morphology, volume shrinkage characteristics, internal pigmentability and mechanical properties for the styrene/unsaturated polyester/additive ternary systems after the cure were investigated. The experimental results have been explained by phase characteristic of the styrene/unsaturated polyester/additive ternary system before the cure, cured sample morphology and volume fraction of microvoid generated during the cure.
Yang, Yi-hsuan, and 楊逸璇. "Effects of reactive microgel-based low-profile additives, nano-scale core-shell rubber tougheners, and montmorillonite clay on the cure kinetics and glass transition temperatures for styrene/unsaturated polyester/additive ternary systems." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4c56yy.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
94
The effects of reactive microgel (RM) particle type of low-profile additives (LPA), nano-scale core-shell rubber (CSR) tougheners, and montmorillonite clay (MMT) on the cure kinetics and glass transition temperatures for styrene/unsaturated polyester/additive ternary systems have been investigated. The scattering intensity of unsaturated polyester (UP) in dilute styrene solution was measured by the method of small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and the radius of gyration of the UP molecule can then be calculated by using the Guinier law. Hence, the ease at which the UP molecule can diffuse into the gallery spacing of the MMT clay can be evaluated. The reaction kinetics for the ST/UP/additive ternary system during the cure was measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). Finally, based on the Takayanagi mechanical models, the glass transition temperature in each region of the cured samples for ST/UP/additive ternary systems has been measured by the method of thermally stimulated currents (TSC) and the method of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA).
Guo, Ting-jhen, and 郭庭蓁. "Effects of reactive microgel-based low-profile additives, nano-scale core-shell rubber tougheners, and montmorillonite clay on the morphology, volume shrinkage characteristics and internal pigmentability for styrene/unsaturated polyester/additive ternary." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/rhs289.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
94
The effect of three series of additives, including(1) reactive microgel particle, (2) nano- scale core-shell rubber toughener, and (3) montmori- llonite clay, on the morphology, volume shrinkage characteristics, and internal pigmentability for the styrene(ST)/ unsaturated polyester(UP) /additive ternary systems after the cure were investigated. The experi- mental results have been explained by integrated measurements com- bining phase characteristic of the ST/UP/additive ternary system before the cure, cured sample morphology, final cure conversion, and volume fraction of microvoid generated during the cure.
Liou, Wan-Da, and 廖萬達. "Effects of reactive microgel particle type of low-profile additives, nano-scale core-shell rubber tougheners, and montmorillonite clay on the volume shrinkage, internal pigmentability, and cured sample morphology forstyrene/unsaturated polyester/additive." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45655348801677122493.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
93
The effect of four series of additives, including(1)poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc), (2)polycaprolactone(PCL) low-profile additives, (3)reactive microgel particle, (4) montmorillonite clay, on the microvoid formation, morphology, volume shrinkage characteristics,internal pigmentability and mechanical properties for the styrene/unsaturated polyester/additive ternary systems after the cure were investigated. The experimental results have been explained by phase characteristic of the styrene/ unsaturated poly- ester /additive ternary system before tht cure, cured sample morph- ology and volume fraction of microvoid generated during the cure.
sian, Lin-wu, and 林武賢. "Effects of nano-scale and submicron-scale core-shell rubber additives, and montmorillonite clay on the volume shrinkage, internal pigmentability, mechanical properties and cured sample morphology for styrene/ vinyl ester /additive ternary systems." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59891411287188023940.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
96
The effects of two additives, including (1) nano- scale and submicron-scale core-shell rubber additive, and (2) montmorillonite clay, on the cured sample morphology, volume shrinkage characteristics and internal pigmentability, mechanical properties of the styrene(St)/Unsaturated Polyester(UP)/additives ternary systems after the cure have been investigated. The experimental results have been explained by integrated measurements combining phase characteristic of the St/UP/additive ternary system before the cure, XRD analysis , cured sample morphology, final cure conversion, and volume fraction of microvoid generated during the cure by using DSC , SAXS , WAXS , SEM , TEM , OM and image analysis. Then the scattering intensity of unsaturated polyester (UP) with different structure in dilute styrene solution was measured by the method of small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and the radius of gyration of the UP molecule can then be calculated by using the Guinier law. For St/UP/ silane-treated MMT ternary systems, I try to calculate the gallery spacing change of MMT clay by intensity of different concentration cured samples.
Lin, Yi-Tsung, and 林誼聰. "Effects of reactive microgel particle type of low-profile additives, nano-scale core-shell rubber tougheners, and montmorillonite clay on the cure kinetics and glass transition temperatures for styrene/unsaturated polyester/additive ternary systems." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92601828848729867556.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
93
The effects of reactive microgel particle type of low-profile additives, the effects of core structure and addition of nano-scale core-shell rubber tougheners, and the effects of addition of montmorillonite clay on the cure kinetics and glass transition temperatures for styrene/unsaturated polyester/additive ternary systems. In addition, The effects of the miscibility of styrene/unsaturated polyester/additive ternary systems on DSC reaction rate profile and the cured sample morphology also were investigated.Finally, base on the Takayanagi mechanical models, the glass transition temperature in each phase region of cured saples has been identified by the method of thermally stimulated currents analyser.
Ribeiro, Samuel Armando Oliveira. "Otimização de pastas cerâmicas para processos de extrusão por fabricação aditiva e respetiva caracterização do comportamento mecânico." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/69846.
Повний текст джерелаA fabricação aditiva (FA) é uma designação frequente dos processos de impressão 3D de um modelo físico, por camadas, a partir de um modelo digital tridimensional com geometria precisa e usando a quantidade exata de material – sem desperdício e sem a necessidade de utilização de outros instrumentos ou ferramentas. A presente dissertação restringe-se à exploração da FA por extrusão de pastas cerâmicas. As especificidades da criação dos produtos com este tipo de processo, exige o profundo conhecimento dos materiais cerâmicos, prevendo e controlando o seu comportamento em todas as fases, nomeadamente durante a secagem e cozedura. A utilização de diferentes pastas cerâmicas implicou a necessidade de explorar soluções adequadas à criação de produtos arquitetónicos, analisando diferentes parâmetros e variáveis do processo de FA. Este estudo dá particular ênfase à otimização das pastas cerâmicas para processos de extrusão por FA. Recorre-se ao método de Pfefferkorn para caracterizar o índice de plasticidade das pastas. Os protótipos desenvolvidos e os estudos efetuados serviram de base para a análise da retração das várias pastas cerâmicas considerando diferentes curvas de cozedura. A correlação entre a retração e o comportamento mecânico das diversas pastas usadas nesta investigação constitui um contributo relevante que permitirá a FA de elementos e estruturas cerâmicas com consumos elétricos controlados.
Additive manufacturing (AM) is a common designation for the definition of three-dimensional printing processes of a physical model, in layers, from a three-dimensional digital model, resulting in a faithful physical representation that uses the exact amount of material during production - without waste and without the need to use other instruments or tools. This dissertation is restricted to the exploration of AM by extrusion of ceramic pastes. The specificities of creating products by this process requires a thorough knowledge of ceramic materials, predicting and controlling their behaviour at all stages, namely during drying and firing. The use of different ceramic pastes implied the need to explore appropriate solutions for the creation of architectural products, analysing different parameters and variables of the AM process. This study places particular emphasis on the optimization of ceramic pastes for AM extrusion processes, using the Pfefferkorn method to characterize the optimal plasticity index of each of the tested pastes. The prototypes developed and the studies carried out served as a basis for analysing the shrinkage of the various ceramic pastes considering different firing curves. The correlation between the shrinkage and the mechanical behaviour of the different pastes used in this investigation constitutes a relevant contribution that will allow the AF of elements and ceramic structures informed and adapted to a specific context.