Дисертації з теми "Clastes"
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Soler, i. Gibert Odí. "Approximation in the Zygmund Class and Distortion under Inner Functions." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670865.
Повний текст джерелаRubiales, Pérez Miguel. "Patrones socioterritoriales de las clases altas en las regiones metropolitanas de Barcelona y Madrid (2001 – 2015)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/462770.
Повний текст джерелаBuchala, Luciana de Sant'Anna. "As classes sociais entre os impasses da teoria marxista : o debate contemporaneo em Olin Wright, Bordieu e Klaus Eder." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/285430.
Повний текст джерелаDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Resumo: A proposta do trabalho de pesquisa é avaliar as contribuições teóricas de Olin Wright, Bourdieu e Klaus Eder ao entendimento das classes sociais nas sociedades contemporâneas. De forma mais específica, foram estudadas as respostas dadas pelos referidos autores às dificuldades teóricas enfrentados pela teoria marxista em relação a: 1) a problemática da classe média e 2) a ligação entre classe e ação coletiva. Mostrou-se como as fronteiras de classe são fruto, em Wright, das operações analíticas do pesquisador, enquanto, em Bourdieu, emergem das práticas das classes. A noção de habitus de Bourdieu gera práticas e representações diferenciadas que funcionam como princípios de inclusão e exclusão e marcam as distâncias e afinidades, recortando, assim, as fronteiras entre as classes. Wright, por sua vez, mantém-se na apreensão da dimensão objetiva das relações de classe, definindo critérios teóricos a fim de especificar quem está fora e quem está dentro de determinada classe. No entanto, não é possível falar em fronteiras entre quaisquer grupos sociais sem considerar como essas fronteiras são simbolicamente construídas na realidade. Também foi analisado como Eder foi capaz de mostrar que os novos movimentos sociais estão ligados à classe média por refletirem aspectos da cultura dessa classe, e não por veicularem seus interesses materiais. Nesse sentido, o autor substitui a consciência de classe pela cultura como elo entre classe e ação coletiva, o que permite superar algumas dificuldades que a noção de consciência de classe colocava. Por exemplo, a dificuldade de se afirmar o condicionamento desses movimentos por determinada classe quando as reivindicações dos movimentos sociais não são veiculadas em termos classistas. Outra dificuldade era a exigência de uma atitude reflexiva a respeito da posição ocupada na estrutura social e dos interesses ¿fundamentais¿ correspondentes
Abstract: The proposal of this research is to evaluate the theoretical contributions of Olin Wright, Bourdieu and Klaus Eder to the understanding of the social classes in contemporary societies. Specifically, it studies the authors¿ answers to the difficulties found in Marxist theory related to: 1) the middle classes and 2) the link between class and collective action. It reveals how the class borders are the result, in Wright¿s thought, of the analytical operations of the researcher, while, in Bourdieu¿s thought, they emerge from the class practices. The notion of habitus proposed by Bourdieu generates practices and representations that function as principles of inclusion and exclusion and thus they mark the distances and affinities that trace the class borders. Wright, in turn, remains itself in the apprehension of the objective dimension of class relations and defines theoretical criteria in order to specify who are inside and who are outside of a social class. However, it is not possible to speak in borders between any social groups without considering how these borders are symbolically constructed in reality. It also analyzes how Eder was capable to show that the new social movements are linked to the middle classes because they reflect aspects of the culture of this class, and not because they propagate its material interests. In this sense, the author substitutes the class conscience by the culture as the link between social classes and collective action. This allows to solve some difficulties placed by the notion of class conscience. For example, the difficulty of recognizing the class conditioning of social movements when their claims are not propagated in class terms. Another difficulty was the requirement of a reflexive attitude regarding the position in the social structure and the corresponding interests
Mestrado
Mestre em Economia
Saur, Hugo. "Étude des microstructures par tomographie à rayons X : application aux roches clastiques à grain fin." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Pau, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PAUU3005.
Повний текст джерелаThe study of the microstructure of rocks is essential for our contemporary and future challenges in energy, engineering and construction. Furthermore, this study allows us to characterize the geological deformation processes that led to the current state of geological formations. Fine-grained clastic rocks, commonly called "shales", represent about two-thirds of all sedimentary rocks. 3D data concerning silt-sized grains or clasts embedded in the porous clay-rich matrix of this type of rock are relatively scarce despite the fact that these data are crucial to understand the anisotropic properties of these rocks at the macroscale but also to evaluate the deformation state of the rock matrix. A better understanding of the microstructure of these rocks would allow us to predict their mechanical or physical properties, which are essential for applications in the energy sector, among others. X-ray computed tomography (XCT) is a non-destructive technique providing a 3D image of the microstructure of any object. A direct geometric characterization of the constituents of fine-grained clastic rocks is possible with this technique. Based on XCT images, this thesis aims first to develop methodological aspects to study the 3D shape fabric of silt particles and their spatial distribution. The moments of inertia of segmented grains from 3D digital images are used for this development. We then present applications on fine-grained rocks with a sedimentary fabric and on deformed fine-grained rocks with a tectonic fabric. The first application part of the thesis focuses on the same lithologic unit having experienced different amounts of deformation. Samples from the South Pyrenean Basin and samples from a historical outcrop in the Central Appalachians were collected. We provide new data on the evolution of the 3D shape of grains and pores at the micrometer scale and their arrangement in the rock matrix with respect to the deformation intensity. The obtained data allow discussing the deformation mechanisms at the grain scale of the different mineralogical phases. However, the limited size of the imaged samples by means of XCT (≤ 2 mm diameter) raises the question of the representativeness of these analyses. On the South Pyrenean site, some samples are studied in more detail to evaluate the homogeneity of the results. We show that the XCT data complement the indirect petrophysical measurements by providing access to localized sub-fabrics that are integrated in a bulk measurement of the rock fabric. The limits are reached when the characteristic length of the deformation structures are on the order of the sample size imaged by XCT. In the second application part, samples from turbiditic systems of the South Pyrenean basin are analyzed. These systems, when deformed in compressive tectonic settings, record the same amount of shortening differently expressed in the various siliciclastic matrices. The results obtained from the shape data of the clasts are compared to our bulk magnetic fabric measurements and show a good consistency. The methodology presented in this work can be extended to other types of porous and granular media for a better understanding of the influence of fabric anisotropy on their macroscopic properties and mechanical behavior
Garcia, Maria Teresa. "O crescimento da Classe C no Brasil e as mudanças na narrativa dos telejornais." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. http://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/2518.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis analyses the effects of the brazilian social class "C" growth in the television news broadcasts. The work observes how this class loomed in the first decade of this century and reflects the impact this social transformation had in the press. The case study that this thesis proposes is the one of the "Jornal Hoje", from Rede Globo. Editions of the TV news program from 2000 to 2014 were analysed, showing the transformations in the formatting and in the language of its contents. This work also focuses on how communication with the viewer can become more colloquial from the use of the portuguese language oral modality
Esta dissertação analisa os efeitos provocados pelo crescimento da Classe C brasileira na narrativa dos telejornais. O trabalho observa como a Classe C se agigantou na primeira década deste século e reflete que impacto essa transformação social provocou na imprensa. O estudo de caso proposto nesta dissertação é do JORNAL HOJE, da Rede Globo. São analisadas as edições do JH entre os anos de 2000 e 2014 e demonstradas as transformações na formatação e na linguagem do telejornal. Este trabalho enfoca também como a comunicação com o telespectador pode tornar-se mais coloquial, a partir do uso da modalidade oral da língua portuguesa
Mauro, Rosana. "Aspectos da midiatização do consumo e do sentido de classe social na telenovela: a representação da nova classe C." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27153/tde-28012015-102445/.
Повний текст джерелаThis search aims to study aspects of the mediatization of consumption and the sense of social class in telenovela, with focus on what is dubbed \"the new class C\" or \"new middle class\" in Brazil. For that purpose, it was analyzed scenes of the telenovelas Avenida Brasil (2012), by João Emanuel Carneiro, and Cheias de Charme (2012), by Filipe Miguez and Izabel de Oliveira. Both were aired in Rede Globo, at 9pm. and 7pm., respectively. These two productions were considered by the media as representative of the \"new class C\", which justifies the choice. Initially, this work brings a brief theoretical discussion about the mediatization concept, about the sociologic concept of social class and the studies which cover telenovela and social class altogether. It is intended, therefore, to problematize the expression \"new class C\", in order to understand its origin and sociologic nature, as well as to look at the manner by which the telenovela usually portrays the social classes, so as to produce an analysis which has theoretical base. The methodology to analyze the matter is based on the Marxist conception of dialectic and in the historical materialism, which are related to the theories of the Russian language philosopher Mikhail Bakhtin, the French Discourse Analysis and Critical Discourse Analysis. These theories had some of their elements combined and used as methodological protocol. From methodological protocol and from the theoretical points about social classes and telenovelas, the objective is to investigate the nuances of the mediatization of consumption and the sense of social class in the discursive representations of the dubbed \"new class C\" in scenes picked from Avenida Brasil and Cheias de Charme. Based on the analysis of scenes that portray situations that allude to consumption, we obtained results which demonstrate that both telenovelas, yet in different degrees, reveal in their plots characteristics that connect with the particular view with which the telenovela approaches the social classes, as well as with elements that are related with the hegemonic social view, apart from aspects that are connected with the reality commented by sociologists and which indicates changes in the usual way that the telenovela portrays the social differences. Moreover, according to the concept of mediatization as well as to the role of telenovela in Brazil, we believe that those representations contribute to the making of a social knowledge of what the new Brazilian \"new class C\" would be.
Diaz, Rivera Luis Enrique, Charagua Yoselin Aracely Gómez, García Pedro Robinzon Guerra, and Alejos Jennifer Yulissa Rodriguez. "Teen Music: Clases de música y canto a domicilio para niños y adolescentes en Lima." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652873.
Повний текст джерелаTeen Music is an intermediation service between professional musicians and parents who require professionals to support their children in music lessons with modern instruments and home singing. This solution is based on the use of a website system, the which will be responsible for making possible the negotiation between parents and music teachers. Throughout the project, various hypothesis validation methodologies are used to find out what are the joys and frustrations of clients. In addition, the total, available and operational market (target) is established to be able to elaborate the various marketing strategies that will be necessary to offer the home music service in its various forms. The development of the operations plan, which includes operational policies, the design of facilities, the technical specifications of the service, the investment in fixed assets that are linked to the development of the service, and the structure of operating costs and expenses are still important. In addition, a detailed analysis of the organizational structure and human resources is carried out. Finally, all the financial tools are used to know if the project is viable.
Trabajo de investigación
Burckel, Vincent. "La classe populaire n’est pas morte. Enquête sur une « famille sociale » en lutte dans une petite ville de l’ancienne Moselle du fer (2008-2018)." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV045.
Повний текст джерелаWhat can be defined as the « triple life » of the working class, refers to the three forms of the working class’ habitus. The members of the working class do not equally display these forms according to the historical period. If for the “iron” generation sent to the hub or the kitchen since the age of 14 and designed to live a simple rough life in the “small-town”, the “hard model” of the habitus prevails in an evident way; the “crisis generation” that has over a long time been protected by the soft comfort of the family home and a juvenile atmosphere in school, now listens to the propaganda of a world that becomes more “open” and seems to start life in a “gentle slope”. Nevertheless, since 2008 the aggravation of the circumstances of working class’ life for an undetermined period, has led to a hardening of the ensemble in the context of unrestrained capitalism. According to the dominant ideology the working class should have melted into the bourgeoisie ever since the fall of the Berlin wall in the 1990’s. The young generation of the working class finds a new horizon of exploitation and domination. Poverty hits them instead of the “American dream” and a society without classes which they could have imagined while watching TF1. Considering their relationship with politics, it is known that the 1980’s (the Mitterand years) have marked a reflux of “popular communism” and the insubordination of the workers. Although, the years 2000 (the Sarkozy-Hollande-Macron years) come with a little new wind of popular insurrection that grows more and more intense, until it becomes the “yellow tempest” in 2018. Amongst the people of Hagoncourt that have been interviewed, with the exception of the “iron” and “crisis” generations, three forms of habitus can be identified that imply a social existence threatened and weakened by the dominant class: 1) agonistic or warlike morals traditionally considered « masculine », that valorise physical force and brutal manners and language and sometimes tend to a certain nihilism. 2) peaceful morals, traditionally considered “feminine” that give privilege to tender manners, a kind of timidity and sometimes tend to a certain social conformity. 3) political or civic morals with a preference for the general interest and the quest for meaning associated to the valorisation of culture and that can possibly take on a “revolutionary” political disposition
Cavalcante, Sávio 1982. "Classes médias e modo de produção capitalista : um estudo a partir do debate marxista." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280878.
Повний текст джерелаTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: Esta tese é uma incursão crítica no debate marxista acerca das classes sociais, em geral, e das classes médias, em particular. O objetivo foi o de indicar, contextualizar e problematizar as questões teóricas subjacentes ao relativo incômodo de trabalhos marxistas com o tema das classes médias. Nossa tese é a de que a forma pouco consensual do marxismo em trabalhar com o conceito (geralmente, recusando-o) não se deve apenas ao fato de o termo ter sido mais desenvolvido pela ótica da estratificação social. As inúmeras controvérsias a esse respeito devemse principalmente a formas distintas de análise da própria obra de Marx, no tocante a temas como trabalho produtivo/improdutivo, trabalho manual/intelectual e a divisão capitalista do trabalho. Ao contrário de inúmeros trabalhos críticos produzidos a partir da metade do século XX, que alegavam ser o crescimento das classes médias uma prova do equívoco de Marx, seguimos a hipótese segundo a qual o problema das classes médias é compatível com a teoria marxista, que apresenta teses importantes para sua explicação na sociedade contemporânea. Usamos, para tanto, um conjunto variado de argumentos e propostas, em especial a partir das contribuições de G. Carchedi, N. Poulantzas e D. Saes. A intenção foi evidenciar a possibilidade e importância da análise marxista não apenas em relação à classe média tradicional - referente à pequena propriedade e vista como resquício de modos de produção anteriores e "em transição" - mas também no tocante à classe média assalariada (não proprietária) que surge como resultado do próprio desenvolvimento do capitalismo
Abstract: This thesis is a critical study of Marxist debate on social classes, with especial focus on the concept of middle classes. The aim is to indicate, contextualize and discuss theoretical issues underlying the discomfort that exists in Marxist works in relation to the subject of middle classes. Our argument is that the lack of consensus in Marxism about this concept (generally, it is refused) not only is due to the fact that concept has been further developed from the perspective of social stratification. From our point of view, several controversies are mainly explained by different accounts of Marx's work itself, especially with regard to issues such as productive and unproductive labour, manual and intellectual labour and the capitalist division of work. Unlike many critical studies made since the mid-twentieth century, which have claimed that the growth of the middle class was an evidence of misunderstanding of Marx, we follow the assumption that the problem of the middle classes is compatible with Marxist theory, which can offer important theses for its explanation in contemporary society. In order to discuss middles classes in Marxist theory, we follow a number of arguments especially from the contributions of G. Carchedi, N. Poulantzas and D. Saes. The aim is to demonstrate the feasibility and importance of Marxist analysis not only with regard to the traditional middle class - that is, the small property which is viewed as residue of earlier modes of production and then as "in transition" - but also to wageearners middle class (nonproprietary) that arises as a result of the development of capitalism itself
Doutorado
Sociologia
Doutor em Sociologia
Gibson, Kate Shirley. "Feeding the middle classes : taste, classed identity and domestic food practices." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/4168.
Повний текст джерелаReglade, Stephanie. "Différentes approches de la théorie l-adique du corps des classes." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0168/document.
Повний текст джерелаNeukirch developedabstract class field theoryin his famousbook ``Class Field Theory''. Weshow that it ispossible to derive Jaulent's $\ell$-adic class fieldfrom Neukirch's framework. Theproof requiresin bothcases (local case and global case) to define suitable degree maps, $G$-modules, valuations and to prove the class fieldaxiom. Then we study thelocal object endowed with the logarithmicvaluation introduced by Jaulent and wereplace here the maximal, abelian unramified pro-$\ell$-extension of our local field by the $ {\mathbb{Z}_{\ell}}$-cyclotomic one, and the usualvaluation by the logarithmic one. Weshow that Neukich'sabstract theory appliesin this context, and allows to definea logarithmic local symbol and a global one. This allows to define the logarithmic Frobenius, in the context of the logarithmic ramification, and the logarithmic Artin map. We study its propertiesand its kernel.This requires before to define the logarithmic conductor. Then we introduce logarithmic congruences sub-modules, and the conductor attached to the coset of sucha module. We prove that both conductors coincide
Zerguine, Mohamed Ziegler Olivier. "Caractéristiques de l'obésité massive en Lorraine l'expérience du centre médico-diététique de l'ALUMNAT /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2002_ZERGUINE_MOHAMED.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMüller, Talissa Palma. "Classes de componentes de comportamentos constituintes da classe geral "comportamento assertivo"." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2013. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/130911.
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O que caracteriza o fenômeno nomeado pelo termo "assertividade"? O conhecimento da Psicologia, em especial a Análise Experimental do Comportamento, pode contribuir para melhor compreensão do fenômeno. Nomear o fenômeno pelos termos "Comportamento Assertivo" evidencia a sua natureza e é mais coerente com o conhecimento existente a respeito do comportamento humano. O conhecimento existente em relação aos componentes constituintes da classe geral comportamento assertivo, apesar de já indicar aspectos importantes (como a decorrência do comportamento para a pessoa e demais pessoas afetadas pelo comportamento, assim como para a relação entre essas pessoas), ainda pode ser complementado, e até reformulado, para caracterização da relação comportamental que a define. Há indicação na literatura de que o comportamento assertivo é incompatível com comportamentos-problema e promove benefícios para a pessoa que se comporta e para o grupo social ao qual ela pertence. Produzir conhecimento, então, que responda à pergunta: "?Quais são as classes de componentes de comportamentos que constituem a classe geral comportamento assertivo"? é relevante científica e socialmente. Em função do objetivo de identificar os três componentes de comportamentos denominados como assertivos, foi analisada uma obra cujo objetivo é caracterizar o fenômeno e que teve, e ainda tem, grande influência nos trabalhos de pesquisadores e terapeutas quando trabalham com o fenômeno "comportamento assertivo". A coleta de dados foi realizada em duas fases: A) Fase de identificação de componentes constituintes da classe geral de comportamentos denominada "comportamento assertivo" a partir da observação indireta do comportamento de interesse por meio de documentos, e B) Fase de proposição das classes de componentes de comportamentos que constituem a classe geral denominada "comportamento assertivo", a partir de conceitos básicos da Análise do Comportamento e produtos da etapa anterior. Os resultados do procedimento de coleta e tratamento dos dados caracterizam 22 classes gerais de situações que interferem, de alguma maneira, com a probabilidade de ocorrência de respostas consideradas assertivas. As 22 classes gerais de situações antecedentes foram agrupadas em oito conjuntos de potenciais (e prováveis) contingências de reforçamento favorecidas pelas características gerais da situação. As 22 classes gerais de situações que interferem, de alguma maneira, com a probabilidade de ocorrência de respostas consideradas assertivas foram decompostas em 156 classes de situações antecedentes mais específicas. Foram identificados ou derivados da fonte de informação, a partir do procedimento de coleta de dados, 206 classes de comportamentos assertivos diante das 156 classes de situações antecedentes mais específicas. As 206 classes de comportamentos identificadas ou derivadas foram analisadas funcionalmente a partir do procedimento de análise funcional de classes de comportamentos e do conhecimento existente a respeito da noção de comportamento (e suas propriedades cuja variação necessita ser observada para caracterizar uma classe de comportamentos) e de conceitos-chave para compreensão e caracterização da classe geral de comportamentos denominada Comportamento Assertivo. Alguns conceitos que foram considerados conceitos-chave para o exame de classe de comportamentos da classe geral Comportamento Assertivo foram: o conceito de sentimento na Análise Experimental do Comportamento, comportamento social e comportamento verbal, principalmente de mando e tato. Os dados possibilitam maior clareza a respeito das classes de componentes de comportamentos constituintes da classe geral Comportamento Assertivo e das possíveis relações estabelecidas entre os componentes que especificam relações comportamentais adjetivadas como assertivas. O conhecimento a respeito da classe Comportamento Assertivo é insumo para o desenvolvimento de programas de condições de ensino que promovam tal classe de comportamento e, possivelmente, para o delineamento de práticas e contingências culturais que selecionem e mantenham a classe de comportamentos no repertório das pessoas. Os dados a respeito das consequências e decorrências da classe de comportamentos assertivos indicam a relevância ética de tal classe ser desenvolvida e mantida no repertório de pessoas que interajam com outras pessoas em quaisquer contextos, seja ele profissional ou cotidiano.
Abstract : What characterizes the phenomenon named by the term "assertiveness"? The knowledge of psychology, in particular the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, can contribute to better understanding of the phenomenon. Name the phenomenon by "Assertive Behavior" reflects its nature and is more consistent with the existing knowledge about human behavior. Existing knowledge regarding the constituent components of the general class assertive behavior, despite already indicate important aspects (such as the result of the behavior to the person and other persons affected by the conduct, as well as the relationship between these people), can still be complemented, and even reworked to characterize the behavioral relationship that defines it. There is indication in the literature that assertive behavior is incompatible with problem behaviors and promote benefits for people who behave and the social group to which she belongs. Produce knowledge, then that answers the question: "What are the component classes of behaviors that constitute the general class assertive behavior?" is scientifically and socially relevant. With the purpose of identifying the three components of behaviors referred to as assertive, was analyzed a work whose aim is to characterize the phenomenon and still has great influence on the work of researchers and therapists when working with the phenomenon "assertive behavior". Data collection was conducted in two phases: A) Phase of identification of general classes? constituents of behaviors called "assertive behavior" from the indirect observation of the behavior of interest by documents, and B) Phase of proposition of component classes of behaviors that constitute the general class called "assertive behavior", from basic concepts of behavior analysis and the previous stage products. The results of the data collection and processing features 22 general classes of situations that interfere in any way with the likelihood of assertive responses. The 22 general classes of situations antecedents were grouped into eight sets of potential (and probable) contingencies of reinforcement favored by the general characteristics of the situation. The 22 general classes of conditions that interfere in some way with the occurrence of probables responses were decomposed into more 156 specific classes situations. 206 classes of assertive behaviors were identified or derived from the source of information from the data collection procedure, before the 156 classes to more specific antecedents situations. The 206 identified or derived classes of behavior were analyzed functionally from the functional classes of behavior analysis procedure and knowledge exists about the notion of behavior (and their properties whose change needs to be seen to characterize a class of behaviors) and key concepts for understanding and characterization of the general class of behaviors called Assertive behavior. Some concepts that were considered keyxxxiiconcepts for the examination of the general class of behaviors Assertive Behavior were: the concept of feelings in the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, social behavior and verbal behavior, particularly mand and tact. The data provide more clarity about the component classes of constituent behaviors of the general class Assertive behavior and the possible relations between the components that specify behavioral relationships named as assertive. Knowledge about Assertive Behavior class is an input to the development of conditions that promote educational programs and possibly to the design of practical and cultural contingencies that select and maintain the class of behaviors in the repertoire of people. Data concerning the impact and consequences of the class of assertive behaviors indicate the ethical importance of this class to be developed and maintained in the repertoire of people who interact with others in any context, be it professional or everyday .
Meira, Pedro Iemma. "Posições de classe e modos de vida em uma cidade interiorana." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8132/tde-04022010-170830/.
Повний текст джерелаThis work is about social stratification, and more specifically about the question of the relation between class locations and ways of life. The study of social stratification is self-justified by the relevance of this subject in sociology, as it has always been a discussion object since the classic authors to the contemporary ones. The aspect of the ways of life which we have chosen for this research was the place of living. The chosen object of study was the city of Sao Carlos, and we tried to analyze the relation between class locations and place of living in that city by using maps and data from the Census 2000, of IBGE. The division of the population within class locations was made by the use of a scheme based in Erik Wrights one, which we considered the most appropriate to our goals and with the available data. The maps and data had shown interesting differences between the patterns of spatial distribution of some sets of class locations. This has made us believe that the class location has, indeed, some sort of influence in the ways of life.
Odabai, Fard Seyed Hamidreza. "Efficient multi-class objet detection with a hierarchy of classes." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22623/document.
Повний текст джерелаRecent years have witnessed a competition in autonomous navigation for vehicles boosted by the advances in computer vision. The on-board cameras are capable of understanding the semantic content of the environment. A core component of this system is to localize and classify objects in urban scenes. There is a need to have multi-class object detection systems. Designing such an efficient system is a challenging and active research area. The algorithms can be found for applications in autonomous driving, object searches in images or video surveillance. The scale of object classes varies depending on the tasks. The datasets for object detection started with containing one class only e.g. the popular INRIA Person dataset. Nowadays, we witness an expansion of the datasets consisting of more training data or number of object classes. This thesis proposes a solution to efficiently learn a multi-class object detector. The task of such a system is to localize all instances of target object classes in an input image. We distinguish between three major efficiency criteria. First, the detection performance measures the accuracy of detection. Second, we strive low execution times during run-time. Third, we address the scalability of our novel detection framework. The two previous criteria should scale suitably with the number of input classes and the training algorithm has to take a reasonable amount of time when learning with these larger datasets. Although single-class object detection has seen a considerable improvement over the years, it still remains a challenge to create algorithms that work well with any number of classes. Most works on this subject extent these single-class detectors to work accordingly with multiple classes but remain hardly flexible to new object descriptors. Moreover, they do not consider all these three criteria at the same time. Others use a more traditional approach by iteratively executing a single-class detector for each target class which scales linearly in training time and run-time. To tackle the challenges, we present a novel framework where for an input patch during detection the closest class is ranked highest. Background labels are rejected as negative samples. The detection goal is to find the highest scoring class. To this end, we derive a convex problem formulation that combines ranking and classification constraints. The accuracy of the system is improved by hierarchically arranging the classes into a tree of classifiers. The leaf nodes represent the individual classes and the intermediate nodes called super-classes group recursively these classes together. The super-classes benefit from the shared knowledge of their descending classes. All these classifiers are learned in a joint optimization problem along with the previouslymentioned constraints. The increased number of classifiers are prohibitive to rapid execution times. The formulation of the detection goal naturally allows to use an adapted tree traversal algorithm to progressively search for the best class but reject early in the detection process the background samples and consequently reduce the system’s run-time. Our system balances between detection performance and speed-up. We further experimented with feature reduction to decrease the overhead of applying the high-level classifiers in the tree. The framework is transparent to the used object descriptor where we implemented the histogram of orientated gradients and deformable part model both introduced in [Felzenszwalb et al., 2010a]. The capabilities of our system are demonstrated on two challenging datasets containing different object categories not necessarily semantically related. We evaluate both the detection performance with different number of classes and the scalability with respect to run-time. Our experiments show that this framework fulfills the requirements of a multi-class object detector and highlights the advantages of structuring class-level knowledge
Piotto, Débora Cristina. "Retrato de um (des)encontro : camadas médias na escola pública." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47131/tde-20052008-112531/.
Повний текст джерелаThe research has arisen from the following question: \"what are the repercussions on lower class children due to the increase of middle class students in public schools?\" In order to answer that question, we have carried out an ethnological study in a school in the city of Ribeirão Preto where this phenomena was evident. Not only observations (inside the classroom and in other areas in the school) were made, but also interviews with directors, advisers, teachers, parents and pupils. The results of the field research were stunning since they show that the relation between students from the middle class and the public school is much more complex than we would imagine. Due to economic problems, some families, which belong to the middle class, transfer their children from private schools to public ones. Some parents end up joining an APM (an association of parents and teachers) and the School Council so that they can \"control\" the public school in such a way that it does not affect their prestige. As parents are immersed in social prejudice against the poor, they want to exclude poor students once they are seen as the most threatening ones. However, the directors and the teaching faculty do not allow that to happen - they defend poor students as a way of opposing to parents in the fight for power. Having to face this opposition, parents normally give up taking part of school groups but, on the other hand, they put pressure on what teachers are doing. The children, immersed in this universe of conflict and prejudice, propagate discrimination in the relation with their colleagues.
Chrétien, Pierre. "Groupes d’Inertie et Variétés Jacobiennes." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14785/document.
Повний текст джерелаLet k be an algebraically closed field of characteristic p > 0 and C/k be a projective,smooth, integral curve of genus g > 1 endowed with a p-group of automorphisms G such that |G| > 2p/(p-1)g. The pair (C,G) is called big action. If (C,G) is a big action, then |G|<=4p/(p-1)^2g^2 (*). In this thesis, one studies arithmetical repercussions of geometric properties of big actions. One studies the arithmetic of the maximal wild monodromy extension of curves over a local field K of mixed characteristic p with algebraically closed residue field, with arbitrarily high genus having for potential good reduction a big action achieving equality in (*). One studies the associated Swan conductors. Then, one gives the first examples, to our knowledge, of big actions (C,G) with non abelian derived group D(G). These curves are obtained as coverings of S-ray class fields of P1(Fq) where S is a finite non empty subset of P1(Fq). Finally, one describes a method to compute S-Hilbert class fields of supersingular abelian covers of the projective line having exponent p and one illustrates it for some Deligne-Lusztig curves
Barbosa, Alex Melges [UNESP]. "Classes de Stiefel-Whitney e de Euler." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/148923.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Neste trabalho, apresentaremos uma descrição axiomática das classes de Stiefel-Whitney e, assumindo válidos estes axiomas, mostraremos algumas de suas aplicações. Posteriormente, definiremos as classes de Stiefel-Whitney e mostraremos que esta definição satisfaz os axiomas, além de garantir a unicidade das classes de Stiefel-Whitney. Por fim, definiremos a classe de Euler e mostraremos algumas de suas aplicações, bem como sua relação com as classes de Stiefel-Whitney.
In this work, we will present an axiomatic description of the Stiefel-Whitney classes and, taking these axioms true, we will show some of their applications. After that, we will define the Stiefel-Whitney classes and we will show this definition meets the axioms, besides it ensures the unity of the Stiefel-Whitney classes. Lastly, we will define the Euler class and we will show some of its applications as well as its relationship with the Stiefel-Whitney classes.
Assini, Luciana Cristina. "Classes de comportamentos profissionais do psicólogo constituintes da classe prevenir comportamentos-problema." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/95346.
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Parte da população brasileira vive sob condições de sofrimento relacionadas com diversos tipos de problemas que constituem objeto de intervenção de psicólogos. Entre esses problemas estão aqueles que são conhecidos como depressão, ansiedade, abuso sexual infantil, violência doméstica, por exemplo. Pesquisas possibilitam revelar que psicólogos têm atuado, predominantemente, depois que esses problemas já iniciaram. É possível controlar as variáveis determinantes de comportamentos-problema antes de sua ocorrência e de modo a que não venham a ocorrer? Esse é o principal objetivo de intervenções que caracterizam o âmbito de atuação profissional #prevenir comportamentos-problema#. Para capacitar psicólogos a prevenir a ocorrência de comportamentos-problema é necessário identificar classes de comportamentos que viabilizem esse tipo de intervenção. Para tanto, o conhecimento ainda precisa ser produzido para responder a pergunta: quais são as características das classes de comportamentos profissionais do psicólogo constituintes de classe geral #prevenir comportamentos-problema#? Para produzir conhecimento sobre esse problema de pesquisa, como um objetivo para produzir conhecimento, foi elaborado um procedimento para identificar na literatura, ou derivar a partir dela, possíveis classes de comportamentos componentes do âmbito de atuação profissional #prevenir comportamentos-problema#. Com o procedimento de coleta de dados foi possível identificar e caracterizar 210 classes de comportamentos possíveis componentes do âmbito de atuação #prevenir comportamentos-problema#. Esses dados foram organizados em seis classes de comportamentos mais abrangentes denominadas: a) identificar propriedades do conceito de prevenção em saúde que constituam o referencial central desse conceito#; b) #caracterizar necessidades sociais de uma comunidade, região ou agrupamento humano em relação a uma intervenção para prevenir comportamentos-problema#; c) #hierarquizar variáveis determinantes da ocorrência de comportamentos-problema em uma população de uma comunidade, região ou agrupamento humano#; d) #projetar formas de intervenção frente às variáveis consistentes com a natureza das variáveis e com as suas forças de influência#; e) #executar intervenção projetada para controlar variáveis determinantes da ocorrência de comportamentos-problema em uma população de uma comunidade, região ou agrupamento humano# e f) #avaliar resultados de uma intervenção para prevenir comportamentos-problema#. Esse conjunto de dados possibilitou caracterizar #prevenção# como um procedimento para atuação profissional do psicólogo com etapas constituídas. As classes de comportamentos identificadas são o início da caracterização de classes de comportamentos profissionais do âmbito de atuação #prevenir comportamentos-problema# e do processo que constitui a capacitação profissional de psicólogos para intervir na sociedade antes que comportamentos-problema ocorram e de modo a que não venham a ocorrer no futuro.
A significant segment of Brazilian population experiences suffering in their daily lives due to problems that are the object of psychologists# intervention. These problems include depression, anxiety, child sexual abuse, domestic violence, bullying, and so on. What are psychologists doing to resolve these problems? Data from research about professional work of psychologists in Brazil reveals that they are working, mainly, after these problems occur. Is it possible to control the determinants of behavioral problems in order to avoid them altogether? This is the main goal of prevention in Psychology. In order to teach psychologists to prevent behavioral problems it is necessary to identify behavior classes. For this purpose, it is useful to answer the research question: "What are the behavior classes that make up psychologists# intervention in the prevention field?" To further the knowledge about this question a procedure was conducted to obtain names of behaviors from literature. With this procedure 210 behavior class constituents of psychologists# intervention in the prevention field were identified. This data was organized into six general behavior classes: a) identify the core concept of prevention in the health field; b) characterize the social needs of preventing behavioral problems in a specific population; c) arrange in hierarchy determinants of behavioral problems in specific population; d) plan intervention to prevent behavioral problems using information regarding the determinants of behavioral problems; e) execute planned intervention to prevent behavioral problems; f) evaluate the executed intervention to prevent behavioral problems. Using the data it was possible to characterize #prevention# as a procedure of psychologists intervention in the prevention field. The 210 behavior classes identified are a begging of a characterization of what constitutes an intervention of psychologist to prevent behavioral problems. These behavior classes identified are also essential to the process that enables psychologists to prevent behavioral problems.
Taylor, Yvette. "Working-class lesbians : classed in a classless climate." Thesis, University of York, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423685.
Повний текст джерелаGerbrandt, Roxanne. "Exposing the unmentionable class barriers in graduate education /." view abstract or download file of text, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1404341781&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Повний текст джерелаTypescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 249-264). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
Padrão, Susana Moreira. "Uma leitura marxista da questão alimentar no Brasil: o guia alimentar para a população brasileira em questão." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7813.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis presents a study on the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population, understood as an important expression of the social policy of food and nutrition developed in Brazil, and one of the main tools of action of healthy feeding program. The Food Guide was designed to facilitate the implementation of actions to promote proper dietary practices and choosing healthy foods. The general objective of this thesis was to identify the political and ideological patterns that guide the social policies of food and nutrition in Brazil. The qualitative research that formed the basis for the study is founded in Marxism and historical materialism, which recognizes the centrality of the material issues that present themselves in the working class conditions of life. The social policies of food and nutrition and the Food Guide were evaluated historically, once it is in the historical process, the construction of the subject product, which the dialectical way of thinking best expressed. The Food Guide was evaluated as part of a concrete totality, one of the main foundations of historical materialism, and integral part of social policies that are intrinsic to the fights and the rights acquired by workers, in permanent confrontation with the interests of capitalist accumulation. The results indicate the problems of the food and nutritional situation in the country, and the fragmentation and discontinuity of the policies of food and nutrition, implemented throughout the historical period analyzed. The Food Guide's analysis showed that its content reveals an idealized reality, that translates to dietary recommendations indicated indistinctly to the entire population, without due attention to social inequalities, inherent to the class societies, which determine differentiated access to quantitative and qualitative food. The Food Guide dont put questions on the concept of healthy, and assimilate it uncritically. It depart from the premise that healthy eating is accessible to everyone, moving away from the concrete reality of the working class. We aim to demonstrate the need to review the fundamentals of social policies of food and nutrition and their instruments, and in particular the Food Guide. We look to make these more effective instruments, to serving accomplishing the human right to adequate food, to improving health and better quality of life. Perspective tends to difficult implementation, but that must be sought even in the capital society.
Rankin, Cherie L. Breu Christopher. "Working it through women's working-class literature, the working woman's body, and working-class pedagogy /." Normal, Ill. : Illinois State University, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1417799101&SrchMode=1&sid=7&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1205258868&clientId=43838.
Повний текст джерелаTitle from title page screen, viewed on March 11, 2008. Dissertation Committee: Christopher D. Breu (chair), Cynthia A. Huff, Amy E. Robillard. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 262-273) and abstract. Also available in print.
Barros, César Mangolin de. "ENSINO SUPERIOR E SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA: ANÁLISE HISTÓRICA E SOCIOLÓGICA DOS DETERMINANTES DA EXPANSÃO DO ENSINO SUPERIOR NO BRASIL (DÉCADAS DE 1960/70)." Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, 2008. http://tede.metodista.br/jspui/handle/tede/1094.
Повний текст джерелаCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The work is a result of theoretical research, and historical documentary on Brazilian expansion of higher education in the decades of 1960 until mid-1970. Specifically, aimed to demonstrate how and in what form made the process of expansion of higher education and its crucial political, economical and social, and analyzing the social causes of the increased pressure for access to higher education. Thus, this assignment is based on the work of several Brazilian authors on higher education and on Brazilian social formation in the period, in addition to the analysis of documents and specific legislation on higher education. It concludes that the changes in Brazilian society from the mid of 1950 lead the middle classes, more than any other class to increase the pressure for access to higher education. Such pressure from middle classes will, in the political context opened by the military coup of 1964, gives the basic social student movement, which appears as the main focus of political contestation of the dictatorship. The expansion of higher education, which was in the process of university reform from 1968 and the following years, carried out by the military dictatorship, ruled administrative changes that were already present in the demands of the students, and already had been put into practice in institutions as the ITA and UNB while promoted private higher education, based on courses multiplication and establishments isolated, with the main intention of containing the student movement and prevent the passage of the middle classes to the field of the opposition, which helped the possible conquest of hegemony in Brazilian society.(AU)
O trabalho é resultado de uma pesquisa teórica, documental e histórica sobre a expansão do ensino superior brasileiro nas décadas de 1960 até meados de 1970. Especificamente, objetivou demonstrar como e de que forma se deu o processo de expansão do ensino superior e seus determinantes políticos, econômicos e sociais, além de analisar as causas sociais do aumento da pressão pelo acesso ao ensino superior. Para tanto, o trabalho está baseado na obra de diversos autores brasileiros sobre o ensino superior e sobre a formação social brasileira no período, além da análise de documentos e legislação específica sobre o ensino superior. Conclui que as transformações ocorridas na sociedade brasileira a partir de meados da década de 1950 levam as camadas médias, mais que qualquer outra classe, a elevar a pressão pelo acesso ao ensino superior. Tal pressão das camadas médias vai, no contexto político aberto pelo golpe militar de 1964, dar base social ao movimento estudantil, que figura como principal foco de contestação política da ditadura. A expansão do ensino superior, que se deu no processo da reforma universitária de 1968 e nos anos seguintes, levada à cabo pela ditadura militar, determinou modificações administrativas que já estavam presentes nas reivindicações dos estudantes, assim como já vinham sendo colocadas em prática em instituições como o ITA e a UNB, ao mesmo tempo que promoveu o ensino superior privado, baseado na multiplicação dos cursos e estabelecimentos isolados, com a intenção principal de conter o movimento estudantil e impedir a passagem das camadas médias ao campo da oposição, o que auxiliou na conquista da hegemonia possível na sociedade brasileira.(AU)
Grieder, Ralph. "On the symplectic classes in the cohomology of the mapping class groups /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1996. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=11677.
Повний текст джерелаMcMahon, Kendra Jill. "Interactive whole class teaching in science lessons in Key Stage 2 classes." Thesis, Bath Spa University, 2010. http://researchspace.bathspa.ac.uk/1481/.
Повний текст джерелаRibeiro, Luiz Vicente Fonseca. "Análise de classe e pobreza no Brasil." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2011. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/2432.
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FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais
Esta dissertação consiste em uma revisão de literatura acerca das abordagens de diferentes perspectivas sobre o fenômeno da pobreza. Está na agenda da discussão teórica e metodológica o objetivo de estabelecer outra forma de definir e mensurar o fenômeno da pobreza. Para isso foi preciso vencer proposições das demais perspectivas e suas respectivas abordagens. A Perspectiva Econômica, com a abordagem através da dimensão da renda, a Perspectiva Sociológica com base no estruturalismo marxista ortodoxo e também aquela racionalidade culturalista que foca sua abordagem no conceito de subculturas de classe e máadaptação, a Perspectiva de Amartya Sen e sua dimensão cognitiva focada em seu conceito de capacidades. O objetivo foi o de propor uma estratégia analítica que focaliza o que determina os resultados materiais obtidos pelas pessoas em uma economia de corte capitalista. O realismo crítico foi adotado como suporte meteórico de toda a pesquisa. A hipótese foi de que um modelo de classes bem construído responde melhor aos dilemas presentes no amplo campo do tema escolhido porque este tipo de perspectiva encontra respostas que estão arraigadas na estrutura do mundo e ao colocar-se em primeiro plano o tema geral da pobreza, a classe detém uma importância explicativa primordial porque o aspecto material é o único fator ao qual pode-se atribuir uma primazia causal. As privações geradas pela exclusão de ativos em um sistema capitalista não são simplesmente um infeliz subproduto da busca do lucro capitalista, eles são uma condição necessária para esta persecução.
This dissertation is a literature review of approaches from different perspectives on the phenomenon of poverty. Theoretical and methodological discussions are on the agenda of economists and sociologists in order to establish another way of defining and measuring the phenomenon of poverty. For this proposition was necessary to overcome the remaining areas and their approaches. The Economic Perspective and the approach through the income paradigm, the Sociological Perspective on the basis of orthodox Marxist structuralism and also that his culturalist rationality approach that focuses on the concept of subcultures of class and poor adjustment, as Amartya Sen and his concept of capabilities. The objective was to propose an analytical strategy that focuses on determining the substantive results obtained by people in a capitalist economy. Critical realism has been adopted as metateoric support of the research. The hypothesis was that a class model better respond to the dilemmas present in the broad field of the theme chosen. This perspective finds answers that are embedded in the structure of the world and place itself in the foreground of the general topic of poverty. The class holds a primordial explicative importance because the material aspect is the only factor that can be assigned as a asymmetric cause. The deprivations created by the exclusion of assets in a capitalist system are not simply an unfortunate byproduct of the capitalist pursuit of profit, they are a necessary condition for this pursuit.
Heller, Jennifer. "Academic and white working class perceptions of the economic aspects of white privilege." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4946.
Повний текст джерелаThe entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on October 26, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
Quadros, Caroline Souza de. "A constituição de espaços para as classes abastadas." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/31732.
Повний текст джерелаThis study is about aspects of the constitution and formation of the parts from the urban space that is destined to wealthy class – rich neighborhoods, shoppings centers, well-heeled condominium and elegant streets. The intention was to make a contribution for the knowledge about the relations and dynamics that the wealthier social stratification establishes in the urban space, creating and redefining privileged areas. This dissertation consists in a study of an emblematic space from Porto Alegre city, the street called Padre Chagas, which is known as a place where the wealthy class has moments of leisure and socialization. It`s a place that attended a public with a relatively homogeneous socioeconomic profile. Broadly speaking, the aim of the research sought to understand how this public space constitutes itself in a selective space. The formation of Padre Chagas Street and the neighborhood in wich it belongs, the profile of its goers, their habits and preferences were investigated. The methodology research was constituted in a study about the street and the neighborhood`s history, interviews with the owners and managers of the business establishments located in the street, and local observations. The formation of the street how it is nowadays, suffered some transformations in its functional profile – from residential only to residencial combined toward comercial – and in the place that was constructed. The transformation attended, therefore, the necessity of maintain the process of the capital accumulation from the production and the transformation of the urban space. Nevertheless, there is other kind of aspects that helps to explain the current street`s configuration: the subtle and invisible barriers which prevent the access and permanence of the poorest population in this public space. So, it was possible to realize that the wealthly profile of the goers is not related only with the fact of the street being in a neighborhood traditionaly known as wealthly, but also it is related with controling and territoriality questions made by the residents of the neighborhood and by the goers, that settle who fitts in the street and who does not.
Dafflon, Alexandre. "La socialisation au village : encadrement des jeunes et apprentissage du politique en milieu rural." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0034.
Повний текст джерелаMy dissertation examines the political socialization of rural youth in Switzerland. Based on a long-term ethnography of juvenile sociabilities in the cantons of Vaud and Fribourg, it aims at capturing the processes of political learning among apolitical organizations : the rural youth organizations. By tracing back the previous processes of socialization and by focusing on rural youth’s perception of their own cultural practices, my dissertation shows how they form a particular group in rural areas. Hence, it describes how the rural youth learn to attach value to the moral of effort and duty, that distinguishes themselves from other social groups, whether they come from the "top" or the "bottom". In this context, sexuality plays a major role. It makes hetero-masculine perseverance one of the criteria for acquiring social respectability. Finally, this work deals with the translation of a worldview characterized by class and gender inequalities into the field of politics. It shows that if young people learn how to push politics aside in order to avoid the imposition of cultural domination in their youth organisation, they are encouraged to adopt a "positive" vision of politics and to develop a sense of civic duty
Silva, Natália Ladeira Ferreira da. "Classes de comportamentos constituintes da classe geral ?Mediar Conflitos de Trabalho no Contexto Organizacional"." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências Biológicas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Análise do Comportamento, 2017. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000213343.
Повний текст джерелаTo manage work conflicts covers several classes of behaviors that help minimize both the suffering of workers experiencing feelings of frustration, anxiety, and anger as well as the financial losses generated by falling productivity and employee turnover for organizations. Efficient conflict management can also benefit organizations with the occurrence of creativity and innovation behaviors. The objective of this work is to characterize classes of behaviors constituting "mediating work conflicts in organizational contexts". For this, the work is structured in two studies. The first is a bibliographical research carried out on the "management of work conflicts in the organizational context" in which 27 sources of information were analyzed from an analytical-behavioral perspective. After reading these sources of information, categories of analysis were defined with reference to the contingency of three terms: classes of antecedent stimuli, classes of answers, and classes of consequent stimuli. The results demonstrated that the phenomenon of managing conflicts has been explained through the use of mental terms, internal structures and variables that are part of the individuals' life story. They adopt an explanatory model of behavior through styles of conflict management, named after the response that indicates how management is performed. Study 1 subsidized the decision to identify behaviors of the mediating conflicts class, since the general class of managing conflicts is extensive. Thus, Study 2 aimed to characterize the constituent behaviors of the general class "mediating work conflicts in the organizational context". It was used as source of information literature that explained actions that a conflict mediator needs to do to "mediate work conflicts in the organizational context", based on the notion of behavior as a relation between the action of the organism and the antecedent environment and consequent to this action. The procedure was composed of 11 steps that aimed to identify and derive from the source information behavior components, evaluate the language used to refer to them and, when necessary, propose appropriate language. 215 constituent behaviors class of the general class examined were identified. The behaviors classes identified in "mediating conflicts in an organizational context" are related to: social interactions between the conflict leader and the disputants, social skills, and characteristic behaviors of scientific training (eg designing procedures, collecting and analyzing information in order to understand the phenomenons). The characterization of these behavioral classes is fundamental to enable planning organizational processes such as recruitment, selection, training, and performance evaluation of leaders who work in organizations.
Ouannasser, Mohamed. "Structure du predual d'une contraction de la classe A : application aux classes An,m." Bordeaux 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR10599.
Повний текст джерелаOrtali, Richard. "Auto et allo-poi͏̈èse dans le système-classe : étude systémique comparative d'organisations de classes Freinet et de classes normales du système éducatif français." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR21008.
Повний текст джерелаMilovic, Djordjo. "On the 16-rank of class groups of quadratic number fields." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS157/document.
Повний текст джерелаWe prove two new density results about 16-ranks of class groups of quadratic number fields. The first of the two is that the class group of Q(sqrt{-p}) has an element of order 16 for one-fourth of prime numbers p that are of the form a^2+c^4 with c even. The second is that the class group of Q(sqrt{-2p}) has an element of order 16 for one-eighth of prime numbers p=-1 (mod 4). These density results are interesting for several reasons. First, they are the first non-trivial density results about the 16-rank of class groups in a family of quadratic number fields. Second, they prove an instance of the Cohen-Lenstra conjectures. Third, both of their proofs involve new applications of powerful sieving techniques developed by Friedlander and Iwaniec. Fourth, we give an explicit description of the 8-Hilbert class field of Q(sqrt{-p}) whenever p is a prime number of the form a^2+c^4 with c even; the lack of such an explicit description for the 8-Hilbert class field of Q(sqrt{d}) is the main obstacle to improving the estimates for the density of positive discriminants d for which the negative Pell equation x^2-dy^2=-1 is solvable. In case of the second result, we give an explicit description of an element of order 4 in the class group of Q(sqrt{-2p}) and we compute its Artin symbol in the 4-Hilbert class field of Q(sqrt{-2p}), thereby generalizing a result of Leonard and Williams. Finally, we prove a power-saving error term for a prime-counting function related to the 16-rank of the class group of Q(sqrt{-2p}), thereby giving strong evidence against a conjecture of Cohn and Lagarias that the 16-rank is governed by a Chebotarev-type criterion
França, Márcio Abreu de. "Violência, medo e (não) reconhecimento: A percepção social da pobreza nas classes médias na cidade do Recife." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2010. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/9210.
Повний текст джерелаEste trabalho busca contribuir para a discussão sobre a teoria do reconhecimento social e sua noção de solidariedade calcada na atribuição de estima e valor social, através da aplicação deste aparato conceitual em um contexto urbano violento. Para tanto, colocou-se como problema a percepção social da pobreza entre pessoas de classe média na cidade do Recife. Considerou-se a hipótese de que entre pessoas de classe média persiste uma associação causal entre a condição de pobreza e a violência urbana. Entre novembro de 2009 e fevereiro de 2010 foram entrevistadas 10 pessoas de classe média e moradoras de bairros considerados de classe média. A análise das entrevistas aponta para um discurso que associa a condição de pobreza à violência urbana. A conclusão do trabalho conduz à caracterização do medo da violência como principal catalisador no processo de atribuição de periculosidade à pobreza. Na ótica da teoria do reconhecimento, a associação de determinados tipos de crime com as classes sociais inferiores faz emergir a relação de reconhecimento/não-reconhecimento que fundamenta a solidariedade nas sociedades modernas. Tal percepção da pobreza, que opera no plano simbólico, ajuda a delimitar as fronteiras morais que separam uma classe social da outra, isto é, contribuem para a visibilidade das distinções de classe. A conformação de um rótulo (―classe perigosa‖) imprime à condição de pobreza uma qualidade que também a posiciona moralmente (e, nesse caso, inferiormente) em relação às outras classes sociais
Fichtmüller, Anna. "Being In-between : Middle Income Groups in Uganda and Their Forms (and Absences) of Political and Social Mobilization." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0085.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis aims at a double deconstruction: of the applicability of the notion ofmiddle class in the African context and the hopes for it to be a motor of democratization,that are sometimes attached. Choosing a good, but average economicperformer like Uganda, allows us to examine the hype of “Africa rising” beyond thecontinent’s economic giants. Through a qualitative study of the lives, livelihoodsand life trajectories of Ugandans who would economically belong to the middleclass, according to the African Development Bank, we try to see whether we cansingle out specific middle class characteristics, that would allow us to better understandthis stratum and determine whether we can speak of a class or mere incomegroups. We then proceed to analyze their political attitudes, voting behavior,participation and their point of view on protest in Uganda. Finding that they arerather critical of the current regime, but abstaining from political participation, weeventually turn to their leisure activities – an important vector that can feed intosocial mobilization once it takes place – to analyze the values negotiated, the attitudesexpressed and the preferences manifested, in order to find any evidencethat will suggest that these groups will contribute positively to democratization,due to their middle class status
Maged, Shireen. "The pedagogy of large classes : challenging the "large class equals gutter education" myth." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16133.
Повний текст джерелаThe study takes the work of three teachers to examine whether the popular belief of "small is better" is substantiated in the practice of these teachers. The study observes and analyses the classroom instruction of each of these teachers in a small class as well as in a large class. The observation is done with the use of an observation schedule, and the analysis of data is done within a Vygotskian framework. The study shows that the pedagogy and the teaching style of the three teachers does not change when they teach differently sized classes. In other words, their classroom practice is the same for both the small and large classes. The study further shows that the pedagogy of the teacher determines the effectiveness or quality of instruction, and that class size does not impact, either positively (in the case of the small class) or negatively (in the case of a large class) on the effectiveness or quality of instruction.
Trindade, Luciano Henrique. "Os sentidos do trabalho para o jovem da nova classe média." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/10942.
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O estudo do jovem, sobretudo no contexto nacional, é relevante em face de constituírem mais de 52 milhões de indivíduos, em torno de 31% da população brasileira. No campo da Administração, ainda, são poucas as pesquisas sobre este grupo tão representativo, tanto no meio acadêmico quanto empresarial. A literatura, sobretudo de autores estrangeiros, segmentou os trabalhadores de forma etária e lhes atribuiu características relativamente homogêneas: as “gerações”. A estas reflexões, buscando alinhar esta pesquisa a temas relevantes, no contexto nacional, surgiu o interesse em estudar o estrato da nova classe média. O estudo da base da pirâmide e dos estratos emergentes vem sendo valorizado, tanto no contexto global, quanto nacional. Ao estudar o jovem deste estrato emergente, é possível verificar se estamos tratando de um grupo homogêneo, como sugere a literatura, ou se há peculiaridades que diferenciam este grupo dos demais. Com este cenário em vista, temos enquanto objeto de pesquisa, explorar quais os sentidos do trabalho para o jovem da nova classe média. Através de pesquisa de campo, com coleta de dados por meio de grupos focais, os resultados trazem luz aos aspectos sobre o que dá sentido, ou não, ao trabalho para o jovem da nova classe média. Os resultados demonstram que os jovens da nova classe média têm características bastante distintas do que se vem dizendo a literatura vigente sobre a “homogênea Geração Y”, pois trata-se um jovem cujo trabalho é central em sua vida, busca carreiras tradicionais, deseja ser ouvido pelas organizações onde trabalham, não é orientado para o consumo, tem pouca afinidade com tecnologia, veem a educação como forma de mudar de vida, tem um ritmo de vida extremamente estafante e constituem uma classe trabalhadora nova e inexplorada.
Bernos, Callirgos Nicolas. "Conservando la "clase": reproducción y cambio social en dos trayectorias de clase media "tradicional"." La Colmena, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/91468.
Повний текст джерелаLuiz, Elaine Cristina. "Classes de comportamentos componentes da classe "projetar a vida profissional" organizadas em um sistema comportamental." Florianópolis, SC, 2008. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/90921.
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A orientação profissional é um campo de intervenção profissional no qual psicólogos têm tradicionalmente trabalhado com objetivo de auxiliar as pessoas nos problemas, dificuldades ou dúvidas no desenvolvimento de sua vida profissional ou acadêmica. Contudo, o campo da orientação profissional ainda carece de um sistema mais amplo que possa atender às diferentes requisições e necessidades advindas das constantes mudanças e exigências do cenário de trabalho no mundo atual e que explicite comportamentos relevantes para as pessoas decidirem sobre sua vida profissional em meio a esse cenário. A Análise do Comportamento possibilita entender o desenvolvimento da vida profissional, as escolhas da pessoa ao longo da vida como conjuntos de comportamentos. Sendo comportamento entendido como as relações entre o que um organismo faz e a situação que antecede esse fazer e decorre desse fazer. Um conceito amplo que pode ser utilizado para abranger classes de comportamentos que podem ser ensinadas para pessoas que procuram orientação profissional com diferentes necessidades é "projetar", que pode ser definido como uma classe de comportamentos complexa que abrange outras classes de comportamentos como: "caracterizar variáveis envolvidas no projeto", "planejar", "desenvolver o projeto", "avaliar o projeto" e "aperfeiçoar o projeto". Responder a pergunta: "Quais as classes de comportamentos componentes da classe geral 'projetar a vida profissional'?" é a primeira etapa para organizar essas classes de comportamentos em um sistema comportamental que explicite as relações entre as classes e facilite ensiná-las. Para responder à pergunta foram utilizadas frases de duas obras do campo da orientação profissional. Foi realizado um procedimento de tratamento de dados desenvolvido a partir da tecnologia denominada "programação de ensino" para identificar classes de comportamentos a partir das frases das obras. Foram encontradas 302 classes de comportamentos que foram organizadas em 17 níveis de graus de abrangência e em cinco classes gerais definidas a partir da definição de "projeto" e de classes gerais de comportamento profissional. Do total de classes de comportamentos, 71% foram alocados na classe geral 1) "Caracterizar variáveis relacionadas a projetar a vida profissional" evidenciando a relevância dessa classe e o investimento de orientadores profissionais em comportamentos de identificação e caracterização das variáveis que interferem nas decisões profissionais; 18% das classes de comportamentos foram alocadas na classe geral 2) "Planejar a vida profissional", classe cujos comportamentos são básicos na definição de projetos de vida profissional mas ainda insuficientemente explorados; 11% das classes de comportamentos encontradas foram distribuídas entre as classes 3) "Desenvolver projeto de vida profissional", 4) "Avaliar projeto de vida profissional" e 5) "Aperfeiçoar projeto de vida profissional". Foi identificado que ainda há pouca clareza sobre os tipos de comportamentos envolvidos nessas três classes gerais, apesar de sua relevância na consecução de objetivos profissionais ser claramente explicitada na literatura. Foi evidenciado que o procedimento utilizado para identificar e organizar classes de comportamentos possibilitará integrar conhecimentos e técnicas de intervenção de diferentes tipos de contribuição relacionadas ao fenômeno "Projetar a vida profissional", além de possibilitar a transformação de conhecimento em comportamentos que podem ser ensinados. A organização das classes de comportamentos em um sistema comportamental também possibilita explicitar as relações entre as diferentes classes e a função de cada classe no conjunto, identificar lacunas de classes de comportamentos desconhecidas e propor novas classes de comportamentos para completar o sistema. A partir do refinamento do sistema comportamental proposto será possível construir um programa de ensino para "Projetar a vida profissional".
Noceti, Renan Vermeulen. "Classes de comportamentos constituintes da classe geral "delimitar problema de pesquisa a partir de perguntas"." Florianópolis, SC, 2011. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/95473.
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Delimitar um problema" é uma das etapas iniciais do processo de produção de conhecimento científico. A intervenção de profissionais de nível superior na sociedade depende de conhecimento científico de alta qualidade. Produzir conhecimento científico caracteriza o trabalho do cientista e do profissional de nível superior. Já existe conhecimento acerca do processo de produzir conhecimento científico como um sistema constituído de interações entre processos comportamentais de complexidade variada. No entanto, ainda há lacunas neste conhecimento, o qual necessita ser complementado. Examinar o processo de delimitar um problema de pesquisa possibilita esclarecer o que precisa ser ensinado para capacitar cientistas e profissionais de nível superior a produzirem conhecimento científico. Fazer perguntas é uma maneira pela qual é possível delimitar um problema de pesquisa, facilitando esta delimitação. Não obstante, "perguntar" é um processo comportamental considerado como uma forma de aprender a aprender, uma aprendizagem fundamental a ser garantida pela educação básica. Nesse sentido, responder "quais classes de comportamentos constituem a classe geral `delimitar problema de pesquisa a partir de perguntas'?" contribui para esclarecer o que é necessário ensinar para capacitar cientistas e profissionais de nível superior, assim como para esclarecer acerca de comportamentos a serem ensinados na educação básica. As classes de comportamento foram identificadas ou derivadas a partir de dois capítulos do manual de pesquisa de Booth, Colomb e Williams (2000), e relacionadas à parte da tese de doutorado de Viecili (2008), que investigou o processo de produzir conhecimento científico como interações entre classes de comportamentos. O procedimento do método caracterizou-se pela observação indireta de comportamentos por meio de documentos, realizado por meio de 18 etapas. Ao final, as classes de comportamentos foram organizadas de acordo com seu grau de abrangência e dependência entre as classes em um sistema comportamental, representadas em um diagrama. Foram identificadas 394 classes de comportamentos, e foram derivadas a partir destas outras 59 classes, totalizando 453 classes. Deste total, 92% das classes foram organizadas por seus graus de abrangência em um diagrama. Das classes identificadas ou derivadas, nove classes mais abrangentes orientaram a organização das demais, tais como "Delimitar problema de pesquisa por meio da delimitação de um tópico" e "Formular perguntas a partir de um tópico". Parte das classes identificadas está relacionada a procedimentos para formular um problema de pesquisa, e outra parte relacionada a demonstrar a relevância científica e social do problema. O manual utilizado como fonte contém muitas atividades e recursos de ensino. Ao organizar estas atividades em um "mapa" de comportamentos, ficam claras as funções das atividades - como o professor pode utilizar tais atividades para transformar o comportamento do aprendiz no comportamento do cientista e do profissional de nível superior. Organizar as classes de comportamentos por graus de abrangência também ajudou a esclarecer o processo de perguntar como uma forma de aprender a aprender, facilitando seu ensino na educação básica. As classes identificadas complementam aquelas descobertas por Viecili (2008), ampliando a possibilidade de programar ensino para capacitar cientistas e profissionais de nível superior a delimitar problema de pesquisa ao pesquisar cientificamente.
Sarmento, Francielli. "Componentes das classes de comportamentos intermediários integrantes da classe de comportamentos formular problema de pesquisa." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2013. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/130885.
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O processo de produção de conhecimento científico é comumente apresentado na literatura em manuais técnicos de metodologia, como regras ou etapas a serem seguidas. Contudo, tal processo envolve amplas, complexas e entrelaçadas cadeias comportamentais, nem sempre contempladas em manuais. Na Análise do Comportamento foram desenvolvidas tecnologias que possibilitam caracterizar com maior grau de microscopia processos comportamentais, como os envolvidos na produção de conhecimento. Dos processos comportamentais que compõem a produção de conhecimento científico, a formulação de um problema de pesquisa é a primeira classe de comportamentos a ocorrer e possui as funções de delimitação e de orientação das classes de comportamentos subsequentes. Para caracterizar o processo de formulação de um problema de pesquisa foi consultada uma fonte de informação que contém nomes de classes de comportamentos integrantes do processo de produção de conhecimento cintífico a respeito de processos psicológicos. Foram identificadas cinco classes gerais de comportamentos integrantes da classe "formular problema de pesquisa" e as classes de comportamentos avaliadas como intermediárias foram distribuídas em cada classe geral, em prováveis sequências de ocorrência, totalizando 165 classes de comportamentos. Após a organização das classes de comportamento, foram selecionadas para análise 71 classes de comportamentos integrantes da classe "formular problema de pesquisa". Por meio do procedimento de análise comportamental, com base nos conceitos de comportamento e de contingência de reforçamento e com o auxilio de 17 fontes de informações específicas, foram identificadas as prováveis classes de estímulos (antecedentes e consequentes) e de respostas que compõem de processos básicos de formulação de um problema de pesquisa. Foi identificada elevada quantidade de classes de estímulos componentes da classe "formular problema de pesquisa" e uma quantidade desigual de classes de comportamentos intermediárias pertencente a cada uma das classes gerais, indicando uma provável necessidade de estudo a respeitos dos processos identificados em menor quantidade. Foram identificados dois tipos de consequências imediatas, presentes em todas as classes de comportamentos analisadas, relativas à contingências predominantemente de reforçamento positivo; no entanto, também foi identificada um tipo contingência predominantemente de reforçamento negativo. A partir dos elementos identificados aumenta a probabilidade de procedimentos de verificação experimental serem empregados como forma de desenvolver as classes de comportamentos relacionadas a formulação de um problema de pesquisa por meio de contingências predominantemente de reforçamento positivo.
Abstract: The production of scientific knowledge is commonly presented in the literature on technical and methodological manuals as rules or steps to follow. However, this process involves large, complicated and intertwined strands behavior is not always included in manuals. In Behavior Analysis technologies were developed that allow to characterize behavioral processes with higher levels of microscopy, as those involved in the production of knowledge. Behavioral processes that make up the production of scientific knowledge, the formulation of a research problem is the first class of behaviors to occur and unsold functions defining and guiding subsequent behavior classes. To characterize the process of formulating a research problem was consulted an information source that contains names of classes members of the production of scientific knowledge about psychological processes process behaviors. Five general classes members of the class "formulate research problem" were identified and the classes of behaviors were assessed as intermediate distributed in each general class of likely occurrence sequences, totaling 165 classes of behaviors. After the organization of behavior classes, were selected for analysis 71 classes members of the class behaviors "formulate research problem". Through behavioral analysis procedure based on the concepts of behavior and contingency of reinforcement and with the help of 17 specific sources of information, the probable classes of stimuli (antecedents and consequences) and answers that comprise the basic processes were identified formulation of a research problem. High amount of component classes of stimuli was identified and an uneven number of intermediate classes of behavior belonging to the general classes each indicating a probable need to consider the respect of the processes identified in smaller quantities. Two types of immediate, present consequences were identified in all classes of behaviors analyzed, predominantly relating to contingencies of positive reinforcement, however, was also identified contingency predominantly one type of negative reinforcement. Based on the identified elements increases the likelihood of experimental verification procedures be employed as a way to develop classes related behaviors formulation of a research problem through predominantly positive reinforcement contingencies.
Khalis, Sarah Aïcha. "L'analyse de l'activité des enseignants en classe : le cas des classes multi-niveaux en France." Paris 5, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA05H022.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis analyses how teachers manage multi-grade classes which consists of pupils of different level in primary school. Multi-grade classes are fully integrated in the French educational system, there are 5775 multi-grade classes in France and overseas (2000-2001). This thesis argues that teachers manage such multi-grade classes through acts of mediation, that is mediation between teacher and pupils on one hand and, between pupil on the other hand. The thesis identifies how teachers develop this skill through their work. (. . . )
Márquez, Berrocal Manuel. "Sant Adrià de Besòs Del món rural a l’urbà: indústria i immigració La formació de la classe obrera (1900-1939)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/665806.
Повний текст джерелаLa tesis doctoral: Sant Adrià de Besòs del mundo rural al urbano. Industria e inmigración: la formación de la clase obrera (1900-1939), analiza el paso del mundo rural agrario al mundo urbano industrial y la formación de la clase obrera del municipio del Pla de Barcelona. Analiza cómo se ha desarrollado la colosal transformación económica, urbanística, social, política y cultural del municipio analizando los factores geográficos –río Besòs y mar Mediterráneo– y la influencia que, sobre el proceso de urbanización, industrialización y crecimiento, ejerció la capital de Cataluña. Explica cómo se produjo la transformación del territorio bajo la dirección de los propietarios de las tierras, los industriales y el arquitecto municipal –responsable de la planificación urbanística–, y según los intereses de los grandes propietarios barceloneses, que vendieron las tierras a industrias o urbanizaciones. El control del Ayuntamiento y el apoyo de las élites locales, propietarios de tierras, labradores, comerciantes y pequeños industriales; les permitió dirigir todo el proceso de crecimiento urbano y someter en las clases populares y trabajadoras inmigrantes y adrianense hasta la llegada de la Segunda República. La tesis analiza exhaustivamente la población adrianense que llegó al municipio entre el 1920-1935 atraída por la industrialización ligada a la Segunda Revolución Industrial, que necesitaba una gran cantidad de mano de obra; contingentes humanos que llegaron de la Cataluña interior, de las regiones vecinas (Valencia y Aragón), de Murcia y de Andalucía (Almería). El estudio incluye las variables sociales y demográficas de los adrianense y de los inmigrantes y un estudio completo de todas las grandes empresas: origen, producción, accionistas, directivos, trabajadores, evolución económica o colectivizaciones (1936-1939). Finalmente, analiza la vida social, política y cultural del municipio, con un amplio estudio de las asociaciones, partidos políticos y sindicatos desde principios de siglo hasta la derrota de la democracia y de las clases populares y trabajadoras que defendieron la Segunda República. El trabajo estudia los estatutos, juntas, listados de afiliados, actividades y tendencias políticas. Demuestra cómo el mundo asociativo fue un espacio de vida democrática en un pueblo sometido a la dictadura de la burguesía local y barcelonesa, por un sistema político como el de la Restauración o el de la Dictadura de Primo de Ribera, que los dejaba al margen del sistema o los reprimía sin contemplaciones. El estudio de la formación de la clase obrera adrianense y su participación política demuestra la fuerte influencia del republicanismo federal –ERC y en mucha menor medida de la EEF– y del anarcosindicalismo (CNT), en la formación de la conciencia de clase de los trabajadores y de los sectores populares y su incorporación decidida a la lucha de clases. El trabajo finaliza con un análisis del coste humano de la Guerra Civil, de la represión franquista y del regreso al poder de la derecha adrianense de siempre, ahora con un Ayuntamiento fascista impuesto por la fuerza de las armas de la Dictadura Franquista.
The doctoral thesis: Sant Adrià de Besòs from the rural to the urban world. Industry and immigration: the formation of the working class (1900-1939), analyzes the passage from the rural agrarian world to the urban industrial world and the formation of the working class in the municipality of the Pla de Barcelona. It analyzes how the colossal economic, urban, social, political and cultural transformation of the municipality has been developed through the analysis the geographical factors –Besòs River and the Mediterranean Sea– and the influence exerted by the capital of Catalonia on the process of urbanization, industrialization and growth. Its explains how the transformation of the territory under the leadership of landowners, industrialists and the municipal architect, responsible for urban planning, took place according to the interests of the great Barcelona owners, who sold land to industries or urbanizations. The control of the City Council and the support of the local elites, landowners, farmers, traders and small industrialists allowed them to control the entire process of urban growth and subjugate the immigrant and working classes and workers from St. Adrià until the arrival of the Second Republic. The thesis thoroughly analyzes the population from St. Adrià that reached the municipality between 1920-1935 attracted by industrialization related to the Second Industrial Revolution, which needed a large amount of labour; human contingents that arrived from the inner Catalonia, the neighbouring regions (Valencia and Aragon), from Murcia and Andalusia (Almeria). The study includes the social and demographic variables of locals and immigrants and a complete study of all the major companies: origin, production, shareholders, executives, workers, economic evolution or collectivization (1936-1939). Finally, the social, political and cultural life of the municipality is analyzed by means of a broad study of associations, political parties and unions since the beginning of the century until the defeat of democracy and the popular and working classes that defended the Second Republic. The work is the study of the statutes, boards, affiliated lists, activities and political tendencies. Proving demonstrating how the associative world was a place of democratic life in a town subject to the dictatorship of the local and Barcelona bourgeoisie, by a political system similar to that of the Restoration or of the Primo de Ribera Dictatorship that left them outside the system or repressed them without contemplations. The study of the formation of the working class in St. Adrià and its political participation shows the strong influence of federal republicanism –ERC and much to a lesser extent the EEF– and of anarcho-syndicalism (CNT), in the formation of class awareness among the workers and the popular sectors and their determined incorporation to the fight of classes. The work ends with an analysis of the human cost of the Civil War, the Franco repression and the return to power of the traditional right wing, now with a fascist city council imposed by the force of the arms of the Franco dictatorship.
Sánchez, Romera Alfonso. "The middle class in contemporary urban china: construction, practices and representations." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Traducció i Estudis Interculturals, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671319.
Повний текст джерелаEsta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el fenómeno de la clase media china, poniendo especial énfasis en la construcción social de la identidad mediante el análisis de las prácticas y representaciones sociales en China urbana contemporánea. Se utiliza una metodología mixta que incluye el análisis de entrevistas semiestructuradas llevadas a cabo en Beijing entre 2017 y 2018, el discurso oficial de la clase media china a través de las enmiendas a la Constitución de la República Popular de China (RPC) y de textos y discursos de los líderes del Estado-partido y, finalmente, del contenido de los artículos sobre clase media publicados en Renmin wang (Diario del Pueblo en Línea) —portavoz oficial del Comité Central del Partido Comunista Chino— desde principios del siglo XXI. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio no es brindar únicamente un ejemplo categórico de la construcción social de la identidad en la clase media, sino explorar también el campo social de China urbana contemporánea como espacio multidimensional de movilidad social, de nuevas prácticas y representaciones sociales —es decir, de nuevos estilos de vida. Aunque estas observaciones parten del esquema conceptual propuesto por Pierre Bourdieu, los resultados obtenidos cuestionan su conceptualización de la ’clase real’ y su formulación respecto a las condiciones homogéneas de existencia de las clases y su capacidad generadora de prácticas sociales similares. El modelo de Bourdieu permite descubrir una serie de características definidoras que indican que la formación de los grupos de clases medias en la RPC constituye principalmente un fenómeno de reproducción social en lugar de un proceso de formación de clase. Por otra parte, el resultado de esta investigación determina de qué manera la tesis de la ‘cleavage society’ o cristalización de clases se fundamenta principalmente en el consumo —es decir, el capital económico—, y no tanto en una identidad de ‘clase’ reconocible o ‘clase real’. La migración interna en la RPC es una forma de consumo de un determinado estilo de vida, una práctica suzhi (‘de calidad’) y una manera de construirse como sujeto de clase media, civilizado y moderno. Además, en las ciudades chinas se construye progresivamente una identidad de clase media no solo con prácticas de consumo, sino también con la experiencia de participar en nuevas actividades vecinales basadas en principios abiertos, públicos y solidarios, y en acciones colectivas contra la vulneración de sus derechos como propietarios. Así, esta investigación muestra la validez y la configuración del concepto de clase —junto a los de etnicidad, género y sexualidad— para producir una representación precisa de la institucionalización, legitimación y reproducción tanto de la desigualdad como del privilegio en las sociedades contemporáneas
This research aims to explore the social phenomenon of the Chinese middle class, with particular focus on the social construction of identity by analysing social practices and representations in contemporary urban China. The study is framed in the analysis of semi-structured interviews collected in Beijing between 2017 and 2018, the official discourse of the Chinese middle class through the amendments to the Chinese Constitution, the main texts and speeches of the Party-state leaders and, finally, the content of articles on middle class published on Renmin Wang (People’s Daily online) —the mouthpiece of Central Committee of the Communist Party of China— since the early 21st century. Therefore, the aim of this research is not only to provide a categorical example of the social construction of identity within Beijing’s middle class, but also to explore the social field in Contemporary urban China as a multidimensional space of social mobility, new social practices and representations —that is, new lifestyles. While these observations have been derived by employing a conceptual schema associated with the work of Pierre Bourdieu, some results obtained question his conceptualization of “real class” and his formulation on homogeneous conditions of class as homogeneous systems of dispositions capable of generating similar practices. As a result, this study has discovered a number of defining characteristics that indicate that the formation of the middle-classes groups in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) constitutes a social reproduction phenomenon rather than a class formation process. Moreover, the findings of the case study undertaken in Beijing are also supportive of the thesis of a cleavage society or the so-called class crystallization is maintained primarily through consumption —that is, economic capital—, but not through a recognizable ‘class’ identity or ‘real class’. Also, this study has shown that domestic migration in the PRC is also a form of lifestyle consumption, a suzhi (‘quality’) practice and a way to fashion oneself as a middle-class, civilized and modern subject. However, a middle-class identity is progressively constructed in urban China not only through consumption practices but also through the experience of participating in new activities in their neighbourhood life based on principles of openness, publicity and solidarity, and also in collective action against violation of their private-property rights as homeowners. Besides, the research revealed the validity and the configuration of the concept of class —together with racialization, gender and sexuality— to produce an accurate representation of the institutionalization, legitimatization and reproduction of both inequality and privilege in contemporary societies.
Villani, Maycon Lopes. "Para não ser uma bicha da favela: uma etnografia sobre corpo, sexualidade e distinção social." Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, 2015. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/23494.
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Tanto na literatura científica disponível sobre pessoas trans quanto no senso comum, é frequente a referência a um corpo que mescla características convencionalmente masculinas e femininas como um corpo prototravesti ou pretransexual. Este trabalho, que tem o propósito de pôr em revista tal premissa, consiste em um estudo etnográfico com um jovem negro de classe popular cuja apresentação visual se enquadra nesse perfil (de inconformidade de gênero). No curso da pesquisa foi possível observar, a partir da compreensão do corpo como um capital, um processo de desfeminilização levado a cabo por meu interlocutor, orientado pela necessidade de inserção no mercado de trabalho e por um ávido desejo de ascender socialmente. Esta etnografia, ao complicar a linearidade do chamado modelo progressivo ou etapista de identidade trans, termina por lançar luz para as possíveis condições de emergência da identidade gay em um contexto periférico. Enquanto uma atribuição respeitável, esta é acionada em oposição às vexatórias categorias de bicha e viado, e reclama um expediente de afastamento moral de seus vizinhos da favela por parte do sujeito etnográfico. Articula-se nessa laboriosa fabricação de identidade sexual não apenas o gênero como também a classe e o poder de consumo. Por fim, argumento que o projeto de mobilidade ascendente é a chave para a mediação e compreensão da transformação corporal operada. Através de um roteiro por vezes claudicante, meu colaborador de pesquisa busca recursos para perseguir o sonho de um diploma universitário, apostando em um poderoso encontro entre capital corporal e cultural.
Both in the available scientific literature regarding transgender persons and in common sense, we find reference to a body, which mixes conventionally masculine and feminine characteristics like a pre-transsexual. The present research, which aims to reconsider such a premise, consists in an ethnographic study of a black working class young whose visual self-presentation fits this profile (of gender nonconforming). In the course of the research, it was possible to observe, based on an understanding of the body as capital, a process of defeminization undertaken by my interlocutor, aimed to fulfill a need to integrate themselves into the labor market and from an avid desire for social ascension. This ethnography, by complicating the linearity of the so-called progressive or step-by-step model of transgender identity, ends up shedding light on the possible conditions of emergence of gay identity on the urban outskirts. As a respectable attribution, it is used in opposition to the derogatory categories of faggot/queer (“bicha”, “viado”), and claims an imperative of moral withdrawal from his neighbors in the shantytown (“favela”) on the part of the ethnographic subject. Not only gender but also class and buying power are articulated in this laborious fabrication of sexual identity. Finally, I argue that the project of ascendant mobility is the key to the mediation and understanding of the bodily transformation operated. Through an at times uneven script, my research partner seeks the resource to pursue the dream of a university diploma, betting on the powerful meeting point between bodily and cultural capital.
Moreno, Martín. "Patrones de autoidentificación etnorracial de la población indígena en las encuestas de hogares en el Perú." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/115250.
Повний текст джерелаEste estudio define y caracteriza los patrones de autoidentificación etnorracial de la población peruana haciendo uso de la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares (Enaho) 2012. Para ello utilizamos un módulo con preguntas recientemente incorporado a la encuesta, el cual nos permite aproximarnos empíricamente a la noción de identidad integrando las dimensiones de la lengua o idioma materno, el autorreconocimiento y la noción de pueblo indígena. Los resultados se basan en un análisis de clases latentes usando simultáneamente la información de estas preguntas, las cuales permiten identificar hasta cuatro posibles identidades etnorraciales entretejidas en el autorreconocimiento con ciertos antepasados y costumbres, así como el que está basado en la lengua. Así, con las herramientas metodológicas usadas, y con la actual modalidad de recolección de datos, no se encuentra evidencia que indique que las identidades étnicas son múltiples y fluidas. Las identidades étnicas muestran cierta heterogeneidad en términos de las dimensiones que las componen.
Allab, Fatiha. "La classe ouvrière algerienne : essai théorique et pratique : le cas d'Annaba." Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100095.
Повний текст джерелаColdsmith, Jeremiah L. "RETHINKING CLASSES: A FRIENDLY CRITIQUE AND MOVING FORWARD OF ERIK OLIN WRIGHT'S CLASS THEORY." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195530.
Повний текст джерелаZhang, Zhongju. "Data network pricing under quality of service (QoS) guarantee : single class and multiple classes /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8842.
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