Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Classification de teinte"

The legal environment of advertising in Ukraine is addressed in the article. The research results are based on the study of legal regulation of relations in the field of advertising and the examination of the legal relations in this field with regard to classical consideration of three elements of legal relations – subjects, objects and content. The author clarifies a classification of legal acts regulating relations in the field of advertising, determines subjects of relations in this field and gives their classification, proposes criteria for a classification of advertising and provides this classification, and describes the content of relations in the field of advertising.

Straipsnio tyrimo objektas – sisteminė teisės skirstymo į viešąją ir privatinę problematikos analizė. Siekiant jos universalumo atsiribojama nuo specializuoto tam tikrų šakų ir institutų tyrimo, ir pasitelkiant praktinius pavyzdžius siekiama atskleisti klasikinio klasifikavimo nepakankamumą šiuolaikinėje teisinėje tikrovėje. Atsižvelgiant į nustatytą problematiką, aktualus tampa ne tik skirstymo galimybių, bet ir jo poreikio klausimas. Straipsniu nesiekiama pateikti atsakymo, ar tikslinga teisę skirstyti į viešąją ir privatinę, bet įvardijamos skirtingos vertinimo galimybės ir su tuo susiję potencialūs padariniai.The object of the article is a systematic analysis of the problems occurring when separating public and private law. With the purpose of the versatility and without association to any specialized branches or institutes of law, the article is seeking to disclose insufficiency of the usual classification in contemporary legal reality by using the practical examples. In view of the indicated problems not only classification possibilities but also their necessity question becomes relevant. Article is not intending to give the answer if the classification into the public and private law is expedient but rather identifies different assessment possibilities and related potential consequences.

The article analyzes the distinctive features of the financial collateral in cash as a special form of commercial charge. The analysis is relevant for its legal qualification and distinguishment from another form of charge established in the Civil Code – the pledge of monetary funds in the bank account of a pledgor. A proper legal classification of the collateral in cash is important not only for determining the extent of the rights and obligations between the collateral taker and the collateral provider, but also affects the possibility of other financial collateral provider’s creditors to have their claims satisfied in insolvency proceedings. The classification of collateral in cash through the lens of legal consequences, which is used in the legal practice, does not reveal the peculiarities of this type of collateral, therefore the article will examine its other legally significant features. The article also analyses the causes of legal qualification errors and ways to eliminate them.

This article analyzes the application of the principle of proportionality in the context of interim measures. The study reveals how and to what extent is the principle of proportionality regulated by law in the application of interim measures. The author distinguishes measures implementing the principle of proportionality in the context of interim measures according to different criteria: (a) the nature of the issue; (b) the subject carrying out the proportionality assessment; (c) the time (stage) at which the proportionality assessment is carried out. For this study, the author analyzed the case law of both the Lithuanian Court of Appeal and the European Court of Human Rights regarding the proportionality of the restriction of property rights in the context of interim measures.

Šiame straipsnyje nagrinėjami jungtinės veiklos (partnerystės) sutarties ir uždarosios akcinės bendrovės steigimo sutarties lyginamieji aspektai. Pateikiama uždarosios akcinės bendrovės steigimo sutarties teisinė kvalifikacija ir teisinių santykių, susiformuojančių tarp uždarosios akcinės bendrovės steigėjų ir steigiamos bendrovės, pobūdžio vertinimas pagal Lietuvos teisę.This article compares main features of two contracts, e, g. partnership agreement and closed stock company foundation agreement. The article also presents the classification of closed stock company foundation agreement in the Lithuanian contract law as well as analysis legal nature of relationships between the founders (members) of closed stock company and the closed stock company under formation.

Straipsnio tyrimo objektas – statybos teisės pokyčiai, susiję su statinio definicija ir statinių klasifikacija. Straipsnyje nagrinėjami statybos teisės pokyčiai po naujos Statybos įstatymo redakcijos įsigaliojimo 2010 m. spalio 1 d. Statybos teisės pokyčiai nagrinėjami lyginamuoju aspektu, aptariama ir įvertinama teismų praktika šiais klausimais.The object of the article – construction law changes related to the definition and classification of construction works. The paper analyzes the construction law changes after the entry into force of the new Law on Construction version 2010, October 1. Construction law changes examined the comparative perspective, discussed and evaluated the case-law on these issues.

In Bene Factum, the Court of Justice of the European Union ruled that cosmetic products should be exempt from excise duty on alcoholic beverages if they contain ethyl alcohol regardless the actual use of the product (consumer behavior). In order to assess the prerequisites for the proper application of EU law in the field of excise duty, the article assesses the mechanism of determining product competition at the EU and International Trade Law levels, which is important for the classification of products for tax purposes, including the extent to which cosmetic products compete with alcoholic beverages, how private business is limited by consumer habits, and possible governmental intervention in this context.

Straipsnyje nagrinėjami jungtinės veiklos (komercinės partnerystės), kaip atskiros sutarčių rūšies, esmi­niai požymiai ir klausimai. Minėta sutartis analizuojama dviejų verslo organizavimo formų požiūriu – kai remiantis partneryste steigiamas ir veikia teisinį subjektiškumą turintis subjektas ir kai partneriai pagal jungtinės veiklos sutartį veikia nesteigdami atskiro subjekto. Apibūdinama jungtinės veiklos (partnerys­tės) sutarties teisinė kilmė, samprata, jos kvalifikavimo pagal Lietuvos sutarčių teisę klausimai. This article explores the core legal aspects of commercial partnership, as a separate type of specific contracts. Commercial partnership is understood as a legal form for business organization which has either a status of a separate entity (firm) or is considered as an aggregate of individual partners. The arti­cle also analysis background and conception of commercial partnership agreement and its classification in the Lithuanian contract law.

Urban design is a component of art and science of architecture and an indispensable field of architectural activity. Subsequent to restoration of independence, Lithuania started travelling down the path of democratic urban design of towns and districts, which resulted in an inevitable evolution of concepts as well as mindset. Two decades of independence have passed, yet one could hardly say that everything is clearly and uniformly perceived by all players involved in activities of urban design. There is still a clear lack of common understanding of the object of art and science of urban design. As a branch of science, urban design is still somewhat misplaced in the scientific classification. This article discusses definitions of urban design used in Lithuania and abroad, gives summarised information on the formal position of urban design in documents regulating professional training, and assesses (within the context of the European Union requirements for professional qualifications) the courses on urban design basics taught under the BA degree programme of architecture at the Faculty of Architecture, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. Santrauka Urbanistika yra sudėtinė architektūros meno ir mokslo dalis bei neatsiejama architektūrinės veiklos sritis. Lietuvai atgavus nepriklausomybę ir einant demokratinio miestų bei rajonų planavimo ir urbanistinio projektavimo keliu, neišvengiamai buvo susidurta su vartojamų sąvokų ir net mąstysenos kaita. Nors prabėgo jau antrasis nepriklausomybės dešimtmetis, tačiau negalime teigti, kad viskas tapo aišku ir vienodai suprantama urbanistikos veiklos srityje. Lietuvoje vis dar yra gilus nesusikalbėjimas dėl urbanistikos meno ir mokslo objekto. Urbanistika kaip mokslo šaka vis dar neturi vietos mokslo klasifikatoriuje. Šiame straipsnyje yra aptariamos Lietuvoje ir užsienyje vartojamos urbanistikos definicijos, apibendrinama formalioji urbanistikos padėtis studijas reglamentuojančiuose dokumentuose, Europos Sąjungos reikalavimų profesinėms kvalifikacijoms kontekste įvertinami dėstomi urbanistinio projektavimo pagrindai VGTU AF architektūros bakalauro studijose.

Le suivi des organismes vivants permet de comprendre les dangers qui les guettent et qui peuvent avoir des effets désastreux sur la biodiversité. Dans le cadre de la fédération de recherche MIRA (Milieux et Ressources Aquatiques) de l'université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, les laboratoires de biologie et d'informatique collaborent pour l'étude des poissons migrateurs du bassin de l'Adour. L'une des actions de recherche concerne l'acquisition de connaissances sur lecomportement migratoire d'une espèce menacée : la civelle d''anguille. Une hypothèse, à vérifier, est que le comportement migratoire des civelles est lié à leurs réserves énergétiques et au rythme auquel elles utilisent ces réserves, car elles ne s'alimentent pas durant leur migration estuarienne. Pour cette étude, des civelles sont marquées avec un élastomère coloré, puis introduites dans un milieu expérimental simulant les marées, et filmées pendant plusieurs semaines afin de suivre leurs déplacements. L'objectif du présent travail est d'exploiter des techniques de vision par ordinateur permettant un suivi automatique de civelles dans un aquarium afin d'extraire les informations répondant aux besoins des biologistes telles que le nombre de passages en fonction du sens de marée, la vitesse et la direction de nage. Les techniques actuelles de dépouillement des données vidéo sont soit entièrement manuelles, soit basées sur du traitement d'image élémentaire, qui n'exploite pas explicitement la dimension temporelle des séquences vidéo collectées, et qui ne donne que des informations sommaires. La problématique de la thèse concerne donc l'apport d'un traitement temporel des vidéos pour la détection de mouvement, l'estimation de mouvement et un suivi des civelles robuste aux occultations. Par ailleurs, une technique non supervisée (sans apprentissage lourd sur une grosse base de données) est souhaitée. Enfin l'obtention d'informations complémentaires plus fines non accessibles à l'observation par l'opérateur humain est envisagée (telle que l'ondulation de nage). Dans ce mémoire de thèse, les étapes d'un algorithme permettant de détecter et suivre les civelles dans des séquences vidéo sont développées. La détection de civelle utilise une technique de soustraction du fond, suivie de l'analyse des composantes connexes sur l'image résultante afin d'extraire les informations géométriques des boîtes englobantes des marquages. Pour la classification couleur, le choix d'un système teinte-luminance-saturation, combiné à une classification non supervisée par l'algorithme des K-moyennes sur la composante de teinte, permet un apprentissage des plages de couleur des classes. Ces plages sont utilisées pour identifier la couleur de chaque marquage détecté. L'algorithme de suivi utilise un filtre de Kalman et une méthode d'association des données couleur. Une technique de couplage des marquages permet enfin l'identification individuelle de chaque civelle. Ceci permet d'obtenir leur trajectoire dans l'aquarium, ainsi que les informations dynamiques (vitesse moyenne, sens de déplacement, nombre de passages). En parallèle, l'intérêt d'une estimation du mouvement par le flux optique pour extraire des informations plus précises est investigué. Il s'agit du champ de vecteurs-vitesses obtenu par des méthodes différentielles (algorithme de Horn et Schunck et de Lucas et Kanade), qui permet d'obtenir des renseignements actuellement non disponibles pour les biologistes, tels que l'ondulation de nage des civelles, se traduisant par la divergence et la convergence du champ de vecteurs-vitesses. Finalement, on présente le système d'information complet avec l'interface homme-machine de suivi automatique des civelles, développé pour répondre aux besoins des biologistes. Il permet d'identifier les civelles, de déterminer leur sens de passage (avec ou contre le courant), de les compter, réduisant ainsi le temps de travail d'observation fastidieuse de l'opérateur humain
Monitoring living organisms makes it possible to understand the dangers that threaten hem and that might have disastrous effects on biodiversity. As part of the MIRA research federation (Milieux and Aquatic Resources) at the University of Pau et Pays de l'Adour, the biology and computer laboratories work together to study migratory fishes in the Adour basin.One of the research actions concerns the acquisition of knowledge about the migratory behavior of an endangered species : the glass eel. One hypothesis to be verified is that the migratory behavior of glass eels is linked to their energy reserves and to the rate at which they use these reserves, because they do not feed during their estuarine migration. For this study, glass eels are marked with a colored elastomer, and then introduced into an experimental medium simulating the tides, and filmed for several weeks in order to follow their movements. The objective of this work is to exploit computer vision techniques allowing automatic tracking of glass eels in an aquarium in order to extract information meeting the needs of biologists, such as counting the number of passages according to the direction of the tide, and measuring the swimming speed and direction. The current techniques for analyzing video data are either entirely manual, or based on elementary image processing that does not explicitly exploit the temporal dimension of the video sequences collected and gives only summary information. The problem of the thesis therefore concerns the contribution of a temporal processing of videos for motion detection, motion estimation and monitoring of glass eels robust to occlusions. Moreover, an unsupervised technique (without heavy training on a large dataset) is desirable, and also obtaining more detailed additional information not accessible to observation by the human operator is envisioned (such as the swimming undulation behavior). In this thesis, the steps of an algorithm allowing to detect and follow glass eels in video sequences are developed. Elver detection uses a background subtraction technique followed by a connected-component analysis of the resulting image in order to extract the geometric information from the bounding boxes of the markings. For color classification, the choice of a hue-luminance-saturation system, combined with an unsupervised classification by the K-means algorithm on the hue component, allows learning of the color range of the classes. These ranges are used to identify the color of each marking detected. The tracking algorithm uses a Kalman filter and a color data association method. Thereafter, a tagging coupling technique allows the individual identification of each glass eel. This makes it possible to obtain their trajectory in the aquarium, as well as dynamic information (average speed, motion direction, number of passages). In parallel, the potential interest of motion estimation by optical flow techniques to extract more precise information is investigated. The velocity-vector field obtained by differential methods (algorithms of Horn & Schunck and of Lucas & Kanade) makes it possible to obtain information currently not available to biologists, such as the swimming undulation of the elvers resulting in the divergence and convergence of the velocity-vector field. Finally, we present the complete information system with the human-machine interface for automatic monitoring of glass eels developed to meet the needs of biologists. This makes it possible to identify glass eels, to determine their direction of passage (with or against the water current) and to count them, thus reducing the tedious observation work time of a human operator

Im Sommersemester 2012 wurde die Online Community auditorium von Informatik-Studenten der TU Dresden entwickelt. Die Online Plattform bietet den Studierenden und Mitarbeitern einen Anlaufpunkt für alle Fragen und Antworten rund um das Studium. Der Fokus lag darin, eine zentrale Anlaufstelle für die studentischen Belange zu schaffen, um das vorhandene Wissen besser teilen zu können und für später zu archivieren.

Logical Volume Management, auf kommerziellen UNIX-System (z.B. AIX, HP-UX) schon seit Jahren im Einsatz, ist mittlerweile auch fuer Linux verfuegbar. Der Vortrag bietet eine Einfuehrung in LVM unter Linux, einen Ueberblick ueber die aktuelle LVM-Technologie auf Linux sowie deren Einsatz.

Eutrophication in aquaculture ponds is one of the major issues related to both the environment and the health of consumers. This study has selected and conducted a water-quality survey of nine freshwater aquaculture ponds in Ho Chi Minh City. The empirical results showed that these ponds were seriously polluted with COD and BOD5 whose values did not meet the B2 column of the Vietnamese National Technical Regulation on Surface Water Quality (QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT). On the other hand, most N-NH4+ and N-NO2- concentrations in the ponds met the threshold value of B2 column. The values of the chlorophyll-a are greater than 10 μg/L, indicating that investigated ponds are in a state of eutrophication. In addition, the results of the TSI calculations showed that most of the sites that are in hypereutrophication state and phosphorus is identified as the eutrophication limit factor in these sites.
Phú dưỡng hóa nguồn nước nuôi trồng thủy sản là một trong các vấn đề lớn liên quan đến cả môi trường và sức khỏe người tiêu dùng. Nghiên cứu này đã lựa chọn và tiến hành khảo sát chất lượng nước của chín ao hồ nuôi thủy sản trên địa bàn thành phố Hồ Chí Minh. Kết quả phân tích cho thấy các ao hồ trên bị ô nhiễm hữu cơ nặng với thông số COD và BOD5 đều không đạt chuẩn B2 theo quy chuẩn kỹ thuật quốc gia về chất lượng nước mặt (QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT). Về mặt ô nhiễm các chất dinh dưỡng, nồng độ N-NH4+ và N-NO2- đa số chỉ thỏa mãn loại B2, thậm chí vượt ngưỡng quy định của cột B2. Các giá trị của thông số chlorophyll-a đều lớn hơn 10 μg/L, chứng tỏ các ao hồ khảo sát đều đang trong tình trạng phú dưỡng. Thêm vào đó, kết quả tính toán chỉ số TSI cho thấy hầu hết các vị trí nghiên cứu đang ở trạng thái siêu phú dưỡng và photpho được xác định là yếu tố giới hạn sự phú dưỡng của các vị trí khảo sát nêu trên.

Der stürmische Aufschwung von Bildung und Kultur bekam in den böhmischen Ländern am Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts konkrete Impulse in Gestalt von institutionellen Einrichtungen, welche direkt auf die neu entstehenden Bedürfnisse reagierten.

Coleanthus subtilis ist eine durch die FFH-Richtlinie geschützte, weltweit sehr seltene Art, welche periodisch trockenfallende Standorte in Flussauen (Primärhabitate) bzw. durch den Menschen geschaffene Staugewässer (Sekundärhabitate) besiedelt. Die Erarbeitung der aktuellen Verbreitungsbilder der Art in Sachsen und ihrer Besiedlungshistorie waren Ausgangspunkt für die Analysen zur Ökologie dieser Art. Anhand von Analysen zu den Ausbreitungsmechanismen, Standortansprüchen und Reaktionsmöglichkeiten von C. subtilis wurden grundlegende Beiträge zum besseren Verständnis der Strategien dieser Art erbracht. Die Arbeit gibt Hinweise für eine artenschutzgerechte Bewirtschaftung der Staugewässer insbesondere für die Regulierung von Zeitpunkt, Dauer, Intensität und Häufigkeit von Wasserstandsabsenkungen sowie hinsichtlich einzelner Praktiken im Zusammenhang mit einer fischereilichen Nutzung. Weiterhin zeigt die Arbeit auf, wie C. subtilis auf bestimmte, von den durchschnittlichen Wasserstandsschwankungen abweichende, Bedingungen reagieren kann. Damit sind nun wichtige Grundlagen zum nachhaltigen Schutz und zur Förderung von C. subtilis, insbesondere in Sekundärhabitaten, vorhanden.
Coleanthus subtilis is a globally rare species protected by the European Union Habitats Directive. This grass establishes on periodically drying sites in river floodplains (primary habitats) but also in man made ponds and reservoirs (secondary habitats). The identification of the present distribution patterns as well as the reconstruction of the colonisation history of C. subtilis in Saxony were the basis for analyses about the ecology of this species. By analysing dispersal mechanisms, habitat demands and response traits of C. subtilis fundamental contributions to a better understanding of the strategies of this species are given. The thesis provides information about optimum time, duration, intensity and frequency of water level reductions and about the consequences of different management practices particularly with respect to fishery in ponds and reservoirs inhabiting C. subtilis. Further the thesis shows how C. subtilis can cope with deviations from mean water level fluctuations. In summary important fundamental knowledge for the sustainable conservation and promotion of C. subtilis, particularly in secondary habitats, has been established.