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1
Dodson, JR. "Holocene Vegetation and Environments Near Goulburn, New South Wales." Australian Journal of Botany 34, no. 3 (1986): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9860231.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Three sites from Breadalbane Basin and one from Wet Lagoon near Goulburn were studied to provide a history of vegetation, fire and lake levels in the region. Stratigraphy, a percentage pollen diagram from each site, an influx diagram from two sites and 29 radiocarbon analyses provided the basic data and chronology of the study. The sedimentary history shows that Breadalbane Basin has undergone several cycles of lake phases with sediment accumulation and dry phases with deflation of the lake sediments. The present lake clays and silts of Breadalbane Basin and Wet Lagoon are all Holocene in age. A lake began forming in Breadalbane Basin before 9300 B.P. and probably reached its greatest extent between 7400 and 2700 B.P. At Wet Lagoon water stands were in evidence from 5000 B.P. Over the last 2000 years the sites have dried out and are ephemeral swamps but their water level histories are not necessarily synchronous. A comparison of the records shows that the vegetation of the region has been open eucalypt woodland with understorey dominated by grasses and herbaceous taxa. The most dramatic change was woodland clearance after the arrival of European settlers. The spread of pollen and charcoal collection sites, however, emphasizes a number of local differences in the vegetation of the region. Casuarina, for example, expanded during the mid Holocene along the escarpment on the western side of Breadalbane Basin. The charcoal input curves show fire was a frequent occurrence in the region but the vegetation was apparently resilient to its effects until European settlers used it as a tool in woodland clearance.
2
Mayrl, Damon. "Administering Secularization: Religious Education in New South Wales since 1960." European Journal of Sociology 52, no. 1 (April 2011): 111–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000397561100004x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThis paper examines the development of religious education policy in the government schools of New South Wales (Australia) since 1960. The New South Wales religious education curriculum features three components: (1) teacher-led “general religious education” (gre); (2) right-of-entry denominational instruction provided by visiting clergy (“special religious education”, or sre); and (3) occasional additional devotional exercises such as hymns and prayers. Between 1960 and 1980, this system underwent a partial secularization. gre was transformed from a straightforward course in Christianity built around government-produced Scripture readers to a flexible curricular component built around the academic study of multiple religions. At the same time, sre was strengthened and had its position in the curriculum secured; and devotional exercises were allowed to continue only in those settings where they formed an “appropriate” match with the community. I find that “secularizing” reforms were most consistently driven by teachers and administrators with practical motives: avoiding controversy, improving working conditions, and facilitating class management. This finding both challenges and complements recent works that interpret secularization as a political process driven by politicians and professionals primarily interested in enhancing their power or prestige at the expense of religious actors.
3
Forrest, James. "Class and other cleavages: Voting behaviour in New South Wales in the 1980s." Australian Journal of Political Science 28, no. 2 (July 1993): 258–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00323269308402240.
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4
Singh, Balwant, and Susan Heffernan. "Layer charge characteristics of smectites from Vertosols (Vertisols) of New South Wales." Soil Research 40, no. 7 (2002): 1159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr02017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Premature senescence in cotton has been attributed to K deficiency in the cotton soils of Australia. The availability, release, and fixation of K+ in soils are mainly dependent on the clay mineralogy and layer charge characteristics of 2 : 1 clay minerals. There is a little information on the mineralogy and charge characteristics of the cotton growing soils (Vertosols) of Australia. The aims of this study were to determine the clay mineralogy, the layer charge density, and layer charge distribution of some cotton growing soils by chemical and X-ray diffraction methods.Most soil clays contain abundant smectite associated with small amounts of mica, kaolinite, and an interstratified mineral. The total layer charge as determined by the alkylammonium method ranged between 0.55 and 0.67 mol(–)/(O10(OH)2), indicating a high interlayer charge density. The layer charge of smectites from different valleys and for different size fractions was similar. The Greene-Kelly test showed that most of the charge originated in the tetrahedral sheet. The chemical analysis indicates that the smectite is an iron-rich beidellite, which has possibly formed from the weathering of mica.
5
Mckenzie, DC, TS Abbott, KY Chan, PG Slavich, and DJM Hall. "The nature, distribution and management of sodic soils in New-South-Wales." Soil Research 31, no. 6 (1993): 839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9930839.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Accurate data on the distribution of the various types of sodic soils in New South Wales are not available. However, general observations suggest that large areas are affected by structural instability as a result of sodicity, particularly on grey clays and red-brown earths of the Murray-Darling Basin. There is a strong need for new sodicity surveys because the production of crops and pasture often is well below potential on these lands. Exchangeable sodium data on their own do not adequately describe sodic soil behaviour, so information is also required about related factors such as electrical conductivity, exchangeable magnesium, clay mineralogy, pH, calcium carbonate content, degree of remoulding, and the frequency of continuous stable macropores. Critical limits for sodicity that are used by soil management advisory services need to be redefined. Considerable research into the reclamation and management of sodic soils has occurred in the irrigation areas and rainfed cropping districts of the Murray-Darling Basin in New South Wales. Mined and by-product gypsum, and to a lesser extent lime, have been shown to greatly improve the physical condition and profitability of production from soils with a dispersive surface. However, the responses to these treatments are less likely to be economical when sodicity is confined to the subsoil. Adequate supplies of gypsum and lime are available in New South Wales, but further research is required to determine economically optimal and environmentally acceptable rates and frequencies of application, particle sizes and chemical compositions for different farming systems that utilize the various types of sodic soil.
6
O'Malley, Pat. "Class formation and the `freedom' of the colonial press. New South Wales 1800-1850." Media, Culture & Society 7, no. 4 (October 1985): 427–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016344385007004003.
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7
McGowan, Barry. "Class, Hegemony and Localism: The Southern Mining Region of New South Wales, 1850-1900." Labour History, no. 86 (2004): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27515969.
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8
Acworth, R. I., and W. A. Timms. "Evidence for connected water processes through smectite-dominated clays at Breeza, New South Wales." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 56, no. 1 (February 2009): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120090802541952.
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9
Fitzpatrick, Matthew. "New South Wales in Africa? The Convict Colonialism Debate in Imperial Germany." Itinerario 37, no. 1 (April 2013): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115313000260.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In 1852, the naturalist and writer Louisa Meredith observed in her book My Home in Tasmania: “I know of no place where greater order and decorum is observed by the motley crowds assembled on any public occasion than in this most shamefully slandered country: not even in an English country village can a lady walk alone with less fear of harm or insult than in this capital of Van Diemen's Land, commonly believed at home to be a pest-house, where every crime that can disgrace and degrade humanity stalks abroad with unblushing front.”Meredith's paean to life in the notorious Australian penal colony of Hobart was in stark contrast to her earlier, highly unfavourable account of colonial Sydney. It papered over the years of personal hardship she had endured in Australia, as well as avoiding mention of the racial warfare against Tasmania's Aborigines that had afforded her such a genteel European existence.Such intra-Australian complexities, however, were lost when Meredith's account was superimposed onto German debates about the desirability of penal colonies for Germany. Instead, Meredith's portrait of a cultivated city emerging from the most notorious penal colony in Australia was presented as proof that the deportation of criminals was an important dimension of the civilising mission of Europe in the extra-European world. It was also presented as a vindication of those in Germany who wished to rid Germany of its lumpen criminal class through deportation. The exact paragraph of Meredith's account cited above was quoted in German debates on deportation for almost half a century; first in 1859 by the jurist Franz von Holtzendorff, and thereafter by Friedrich Freund when advocating the establishment of a penal colony in the Preußische Jahrbücher in September 1895.
10
Humphreys, E., WS Meyer, SA Prathapar, and DJ Smith. "Estimation of evapotranspiration from rice in southern New South Wales: a review." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34, no. 7 (1994): 1069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9941069.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper reviews field measurements of evapotranspiration from rice (ET rice) in the Murrumbidgee Valley of southern New South Wales. The results are compared with US Class A open pan evaporation (E pan) at CSIRO Griffith, and with reference evapotranspiration (ETo) calculated using a locally calibrated Penman equation. Both methods (+ETrice = +Epan or +ETrice = +ETo) give good estimates of total evapotranspiration from flooded rice over the ponded season of about 5 months, from October to February. Variation between seasons in total ETo, rainfall, and ETo minus rainfall is large. Over 32 years, total seasonal ETo varied by a factor of 1.5, while rainfall varied >10-fold. The irrigation water requirement for rice +(ETo - rainfall) varied from 685 mm in 1992-93 to 1350 mm in 1990-91. This large variation highlights the need to adjust the rice water use limit (16 ML/ha or 1600 mm) on a seasonal basis, to detect and eliminate high water use paddocks where percolation to the groundwater or surface runoff is excessive (>2 ML/ha). On average, an irrigation requirement of 10.5 ML/ha is needed to replace net evaporative loss +(ETo - rainfall) for rice flooded for 5 months, October-February. Monthly totals of ETo are compared for several locations within the rice-growing areas of southern New South Wales, and differences between locations are found to be small and not significant. This reflects the strong dependence of evaporation on radiant energy, which is unlikely to vary spatially to a significant extent across the region. ETo calculated from meteorological data collected at CSIRO Griffith therefore provides a definitive basis for estimating evapotranspiration from rice in southern New South Wales. Furthermore, CSIRO Griffith has a computerised meteorological data base going back to the 1930s. Current meteorological data and historical records are readily available by contacting the Metdata Manager. Therefore, the case is made for using CSIRO Griffith ETo as the reference for estimating evapotranspiration from rice in southern New South Wales. This study provides farmers, Land and Water Management Plan groups, and policy makers with a tool that can be used, on a yearly basis, to evaluate rice paddock water use efficiency. It should be adopted to confine rice growing to the least permeable soils.
11
Vance, W. H., B. M. McKenzie, and J. M. Tisdall. "The stability of soils used for cropping in northern Victoria and southern New South Wales." Soil Research 40, no. 4 (2002): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr00088.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Three hundred and six soil samples were classified for sodicity on the basis of exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), and for spontaneous or mechanical dispersion on the basis of a dispersion test (Emerson 1991). Each sample was analysed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), concentrations of exchangeable and soluble cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+), and concentration of organic carbon (OC). These variables were used to explain the sodicity and dispersive classifications of the 306 samples. Concentrations of exchangeable and soluble Ca2+, Mg2+, and Na+ along with EC and total cation concentration (TCC) significantly affected the sodicity and dispersion classification of the soil. A sodic soil was expected to disperse spontaneously, a non-sodic soil was not expected to disperse spontaneously. From this hypothesis the expected and observed dispersion class was compared with sodicity class. The expected result corresponded to the observed result 77% of the time and the hypothesis was accepted (P < 0.001).
12
de Lemos, Marion M. "Issues in Testing." Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist 2, no. 2 (November 1985): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0816512200025177.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The issue of tests and testing has recently become the subject of public debate in New South Wales. This issue is of course not new, and has been the subject of much controversy, particularly in the United States, over the last thirty years or more.In New South Wales the issue has surfaced over the use of standardized tests of general ability in the last year of primary schooling. These tests are applied routinely in State schools to all students in Year 6 as part of the normal school assessment program. The purpose of the testing, as stated by the Department, is to obtain a measure of the student's general reasoning ability to supplement other information on the student's school attainments. This information, it is argued, can be used by the class teacher or the resource teacher to plan appropriate teaching programs for individual children, and to identify children who may have special needs, or who should be referred to the school counsellor for further individual assessment.
13
Dudley, Michael, Norman Kelk, Tony Florio, Brent Waters, John Howard, and Darryl Taylor. "Coroners' Records of Rural and Non-Rural Cases of Youth Suicide in New South Wales." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 32, no. 2 (April 1998): 242–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679809062735.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the frequency of certain putative risk factors for youth suicide in New South Wales (especially use of alcohol, social class, unemployment, and internal migration) in metropolitan and rural settings. Method: A review of 137 files for 10–19-year-old subjects judged by the Coroner to have committed suicide in 1988–1990 was carried out. Results: One hundred and fifteen males and 21 females were identified (one subject's sex was unavailable). The male-female ratio was higher in rural (13.0) areas than non-rural (4.9; χ2 = 12.14, p<0.01). Of 27 subjects migrating within Australia, most migrated in a rural direction, and most to rural shires. Unemployment was somewhat more common among rural (38.5%) than non-rural (28.9%) subjects (χ2 = 0.75, p = 0.39). Eleven of 50 non-rural parents of the deceased, but none of the 11 rural parents, were ranked as being in social classes 2 or 3. Alcohol consumption appeared more common in rural shires (44%) than metropolitan areas (32.9%), but this was not statistically significant. Medical services were less utilised prior to death in rural (15%) than non-rural (25%) areas (χ2 = 1.69, p = 0.19), and a psychiatric diagnosis was recorded more commonly in non-rural areas. Conclusions: Incomplete coronial file data and relatively small numbers limit this study's conclusions. Male suicides, principally by firearms, predominated in rural areas. Youth firearm access remains highly relevant to rural communities. Possible trends among rural subjects toward rural migration, higher unemployment, lower social class and lower medical attendance may point to resource deprivation among this group; these matters require further investigation.
14
Boland, Cathy. "‘Walking my baby back home’ - Policy and Practice in Health Services and Single Parent Families." Children Australia 15, no. 4 (1990): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200003114.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The position of single parent families in Australia is examined from a historical perspective, and this is a prelude to a discussion of service provision in maternity hospitals and Baby Health Centres in New South Wales, which are now staffed under the auspices of the Community Health Program. The paper is concerned with issues raised by criteria used to predict child abuse. These criteria are examined from two methodological perspectives; the first applies to the welfare critiques of social control to health service delivery, and the second is an epidemiological critique that notes an extremely high error rate in predicting child abuse at one maternity hospital.Some data from the New South Wales Maternal/Perinatal Statistics Collection on low birthweight and hospital status is used to discuss some implications of this critique related to service delivery and social class of both providers and recipients of health services.
15
Stewart, John. "Evidence of age-class truncation in some exploited marine fish populations in New South Wales, Australia." Fisheries Research 108, no. 1 (February 2011): 209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2010.11.017.
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16
O’Reilly, Chiara. "Collecting French art in the late 1800s at the Art Gallery of New South Wales." Journal of the History of Collections 32, no. 2 (March 18, 2019): 313–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhc/fhz006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract From the nineteenth century, Sydney’s Art Gallery of New South Wales has been a marker of cultural ambition in Australia. This paper critically considers five large French paintings purchased at the end of the nineteenth century at significant expense by the gallery. Feted by contemporaries as examples of the French academic style, they formed part of plans to develop a representative collection to further understanding of art in the colony and, over time, they have taken on a rich role in the collective cultural memory. Through close examination of these paintings, their historical reception, criticism, reproduction and traces in the gallery’s archives this article reveals a history of taste, class and the formation of the cultural value of art. Using an object-based approach, it positions these works as evidence of changing cultural ideas within the context of a state collection to offer new insight into their status, the gallery itself, and the multiple roles of public art collections.
17
McKenzie, DC, and HB So. "Effect of gypsum on vertisols of the Gwydir Valley, New South Wales. 2. Ease of tillage." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 29, no. 1 (1989): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9890063.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An experiment was carried out to deter- mine the effect of applied gypsum on the ease of tillage in 3 vertisols of the Gwydir Valley, New South Wales. The soils were classified as 'poor' and 'good' on the basis of past dryland wheat yields and structural of their surface aggregates.Where gypsum had been applied 22 months earlier at a rate of 7.5 t ha-1, tractor fuel consumption per centimetre of soil tilled was reduced by as much as 37% (0.85 v. 0.54 L ha-1 cm-1). The effect was most marked on the more sodic clays. The reduction in fuel consumption due to gypsum was associated with instability creased soil water content (0.127 v. 0.224 kg kg-1) and lower soil strength (330 v. 140 kPa).
18
Hine, Kate, and James Macnae. "Comparing induced polarization responses from airborne inductive and galvanic ground systems: Lewis Ponds, New South Wales." GEOPHYSICS 81, no. 6 (November 2016): B179—B188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2016-0204.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We have evaluated the mapping of polarizable material using a Cole-Cole model to fit second-order effects in concentric-loop airborne electromagnetic system responses. At Lewis Ponds in New South Wales, an inverted ground dipole-dipole array data has accurately imaged in 3D disseminated sulfide extending above and around ore grade massive sulfides. The polarizable zone is present in the near-surface, where, from modeling, airborne systems may have sensitivity to the small inductive induced polarization effects. Although the inverted chargeability measured from galvanic current injection into the ground was spatially coincident with the mineralized target, the estimated chargeabilities from induced polarization effects in an airborne versatile time-domain electromagnetic survey were substantially displaced to the east. The airborne induced polarization response may be associated with finer grained mineralization in the hanging wall of the sulfide deposits, or have a quite different source, such as clays associated with faulting.
19
Green, Melissa J., Stacy Tzoumakis, Kristin R. Laurens, Kimberlie Dean, Maina Kariuki, Felicity Harris, Nicole O’Reilly, Marilyn Chilvers, Sally A. Brinkman, and Vaughan J. Carr. "Latent profiles of early developmental vulnerabilities in a New South Wales child population at age 5 years." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 52, no. 6 (November 6, 2017): 530–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867417740208.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective: Detecting the early emergence of childhood risk for adult mental disorders may lead to interventions for reducing subsequent burden of these disorders. We set out to determine classes of children who may be at risk for later mental disorder on the basis of early patterns of development in a population cohort, and associated exposures gleaned from linked administrative records obtained within the New South Wales Child Development Study. Methods: Intergenerational records from government departments of health, education, justice and child protection were linked with the Australian Early Development Census for a state population cohort of 67,353 children approximately 5 years of age. We used binary data from 16 subdomains of the Australian Early Development Census to determine classes of children with shared patterns of Australian Early Development Census–defined vulnerability using latent class analysis. Covariates, which included demographic features (sex, socioeconomic status) and exposure to child maltreatment, parental mental illness, parental criminal offending and perinatal adversities (i.e. birth complications, smoking during pregnancy, low birth weight), were examined hierarchically within latent class analysis models. Results: Four classes were identified, reflecting putative risk states for mental disorders: (1) disrespectful and aggressive/hyperactive behaviour, labelled ‘misconduct risk’ ( N = 4368; 6.5%); (2) ‘pervasive risk’ ( N = 2668; 4.0%); (3) ‘mild generalised risk’ ( N = 7822; 11.6%); and (4) ‘no risk’ ( N = 52,495; 77.9%). The odds of membership in putative risk groups (relative to the no risk group) were greater among children from backgrounds of child maltreatment, parental history of mental illness, parental history of criminal offending, socioeconomic disadvantage and perinatal adversities, with distinguishable patterns of association for some covariates. Conclusion: Patterns of early childhood developmental vulnerabilities may provide useful indicators for particular mental disorder outcomes in later life, although their predictive utility in this respect remains to be established in longitudinal follow-up of the cohort.
20
Maddison, Ben. "Labour Commodification and Classification: An Illustrative Case Study of the New South Wales Boilermaking Trades, 1860–1920." International Review of Social History 53, no. 2 (July 17, 2008): 235–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002085900800343x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Labour commodification is a core process in building capitalist society. Nonetheless, it is given remarkably little attention in labour and social historiography, because assumptions about the process have obscured its historical character. Abandoning these assumptions, a close study of labour commodification in the boilermaking trades of late colonial New South Wales (Australia) illustrates the historical character of the process. In these trades, labour commodification was deeply contested at the most intimate level of class relations between workers and employers. This contest principally took the form of a struggle over the scheme of occupational classification used as the basis of pay rates. It was a highly protracted struggle, because workers developed strategies that kept the employers' efforts at bay for four decades. Employer efforts to intensify the commodity character of boilermakers' labour were largely ineffective, until they were given great assistance in the early twentieth century by the state arbitration system.
21
Mackowski, C. M. "Characteristics of eucalypts incised for sap by the Yellow-bellied Glider, Petaurus australis Shaw (Marsupialia: Petauridae), in northeastern New South Wales." Australian Mammalogy 11, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am88001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Characteristics of trees tapped for sap by Petaurus australis were investigated at 113 localities in northeastern New South Wales. Trees preferentially tapped for sap by P. australis were smooth-barked eucalypts with relatively low cambial electrical resistance. Apart from a minimum stem diameter of about 30 em there was no selection of a particular tree diameter class for sap-tapping. Tapped tree wood characters indicated that about 20 days energy requirement for one P. australis was available from an average tree tapped for sap.
22
Ozolins, Amanda, Cris Brack, and David Freudenberger. "Abundance and decline of isolated trees in the agricultural landscapes of central New South Wales, Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 7, no. 3 (2001): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc010195.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Prior to this study, isolated trees were largely isolated from research. This study has provided a methodology, rigorous assessment of isolated tree density and distribution, and identified the potential ecological, social and economic importance of isolated trees, in a relatively small, but probably typical area of the wheat-sheep zone of eastern Australia. The abundance and decline of isolated native trees was measured by line-intersect sampling in the highly fragmented agricultural landscapes of the mid-Lachlan Valley of central New South Wales, Australia. A total of 7 000 trees were sampled along 5 678 km of transect on 441 aerial photographs. An isolated tree was defined as having no neighbouring tree within 25 m. The density of trees outside of remnants patches is low (0.3/ha) and has generally declined by 20% since the 1960s. The 1990s density of isolated trees equates to 275 000 trees across 830 000 ha of agricultural land not occupied by remnant vegetation patches larger than about 10 ha. The density of isolated trees was found to vary with land use with consistently fewer trees in cultivated areas compared to areas with no traces of cultivation. The isolated trees that remain within the agricultural landscape are not uniformly scattered. They exist as widely spaced clusters of isolated trees with 50% of trees having a nearest neighbouring tree within 25-49 m and less than 10% of trees had a nearest neighbour within a distance class greater than 100 m. Compared to the 1960s, isolated trees are now more isolated - the nearest neighbour distance has increased. The mean diameter of isolated tree crowns has significantly increased from 15 m in the 1960s to 18 m in the 1990s. The total canopy cover of isolated trees from the 1990s samples was 0.8% of the total study area below 400 m asl. A reversal in isolated tree decline will only occur if trees are replanted, or existing trees fenced to promote regeneration. Otherwise, isolated trees are dieing relicts of 150 years of clearing and intensive agriculture. This is of concern considering that we do not fully understand their value. We speculate on some of the ecological, economic and social values of these trees.
23
Little, IP, CJ Chartres, and RR Young. "The relationship of soil properties to the growth of barrel medic at Condobolin, New South-Wales." Soil Research 30, no. 3 (1992): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9920371.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Poor growth of barrel medic (Medicago truncatula) has been observed in established pasture on the red duplex and gradational soils of the semi-arid sheep and wheat growing areas of western New South Wales. Red-brown earth soils were examined from three paddocks on Condobolin Research and Advisory Station in conjunction with a visual assessment of the growth of medic. The soils were sampled at 20 m intervals along three line transects in each of three paddocks with different cropping histories. Bray-P; pH, Mn and Al extracted by 0.01 M CaCl2; exchangeable plus soluble Na, K, Ca and Mg; and pH in a 1:5 soil/water suspension were measured at four depth increments at each sampling point. Although the pH in CaCl2 was often less than 5.0, in general no Al was extracted from the 0-5 cm soil layer. Classification of the soils on medic growth alone showed medics were absent from the most acid soils. However, there was considerable within class variability. A better approach was provided by classifying the soils by means of a Euclidean distance/flexible sort of scores from the first principal component. This classification showed that the poorest medic growth was associated with the most acid group with considerable amounts of Al soluble in 0.01 M CaCl2 in the 10-20 cm horizon. Medics grew best in soils with moderate pH values between 5 and 6 in CaCl2 where there was no soluble A1 and moderate levels of exchangeable Ca and Na and soluble Mn. Medics appeared also to grow less well in more alkaline soils where there was very little soluble Mn. There were no differences between classes in available P. There were differences between paddocks; the uncultivated paddock being the most acid and the paddock with the longest cropping history having more Bray-P, more exchangeable Na and more exchangeable Ca at 10-20 cm. The uncropped paddock became more acid and the base status was lowered by natural soil processes and its condition probably indicates the status of many such soils in the district.
24
McKenzie, DC, and HB So. "Effect of gypsum on vertisols of the Gwydir Valley, New South Wales. 1. Soil properties and wheat growth." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 29, no. 1 (1989): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9890051.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The effect of gypsum on the properties and crop productivity of 6 contrasting vertisols of the Gwydir Valley, New South Wales was investigated in 1978 and 1979. These soils are often used for dryland wheat production, although crop growth is generally restricted by their structural instability. In 2 of the soils used in our study, the surface aggregates were sodic and dispersive (poor soils), 2 were relatively stable when wetted (good soils), whilst the other 2 soils had surface aggregates that were intermediate in behaviour (intermediate soils). The effects of added gypsum at 4 rates (0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 t ha-1) on soil water profiles, soil properties and the growth of wheat were monitored over a 2 year period. Dryland wheat grain yields were increased by as much as 230% following the application of gypsum. Benefits were most pronounced on clays with sodic topsoils, a high water-holding capacity and adequate nutrition; plant response to gypsum on nearby soils with non-dispersive surfaces was less pronounced. Yield increases were associated with better seedling establishment, greater tiller production, increased grain weight, and lower incidence of 'Crown Rot' disease. Plant response to gypsum was related to improved water penetration into the soil, allowing greater storage of water in the subsoil, rather than loss via evaporation and possibly runoff. Increases as high as 137% in the soil water storage to a depth of 1.2 m were observed. Crop performance was also strongly influenced by rainfall, time of sowing and weed control. Where nitrogen and, to a lesser extent, phosphorus, were deficient in gypsum-treated soil, they had to be added before the extra soil water could be utilised effectively by wheat. On the lighter textured clays, gypsum appeared to aggravate nitrogen deficiency, apparently because of enhanced leaching.
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Jones, Jennifer, Noeline Kyle, and Jan Black. "The Tidy Classroom: An Assessment of the Change from Single-sex Schooling to Coeducation in New South Wales." Australian Journal of Education 31, no. 3 (November 1987): 284–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000494418703100305.
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This article examines perceived changes occurring as a result of the move from single-sex schooling to coeducation. The work is both historical and sociological. The history of coeducational, mixed and single-sex schooling is examined, together with recent research findings. Students from five schools ( N = 113) across three years (9, 10, 11) and from four different socioeconomic regions were interviewed. While students believed that the move to coeducation had been a positive one, particularly in terms of social relationships, other findings were not so clear-cut—for example, with regard to perceived competition and allocation of teachers' time. There is also evidence that, as with other studies, class and gender relations continue to have an impact on coeducation.
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Jean, Trejaut, Duncan Neil, Greville Warwick, Boatwright Sharon, Kennedy Craig, Moses Jonathan, and Dunckley Heather. "HLA class II DR and DQ typing in new south wales Australian Aborigines. A novel DRB1 allele: DRB1*08Taree." Human Immunology 47, no. 1-2 (April 1996): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-8859(96)85461-9.
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Moore, Andrew. "Opera of the Proletariat: Rugby League, the Labour Movement and Working-Class Culture in New South Wales and Queensland." Labour History, no. 79 (2000): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27516729.
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Williams-Burnett, Nicola Jayne, and Paula Kearns. "A new perspective: consumer values and the consumption of physical activity." Education + Training 60, no. 9 (October 8, 2018): 930–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/et-01-2018-0004.
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Purpose Physical inactivity is a global pandemic and is the fourth biggest cause of death worldwide. Numerous campaigns and initiatives have been implemented globally but yet participation levels remain static. The purpose of this paper is to offer sports providers, educators, policy makers and facilitators a new perspective on consumer values and the consumption of physical activity. Design/methodology/approach Researchers conducted a quantitative questionnaire and collected 342 responses through Facebook (social media) from the geographical region, South Wales. Data were analysed using independent t-tests to compare the means between two unrelated groups (active/non-active) against the Sport and Physical Activity Value Model value dimensions. Findings The findings are divided into three sections of consumption (pre, consumption, post), results identify differences of consumer values between the active and non-active respondents. For example, service values, the non-active individual have higher expectations of the servicescape and provider than active individuals, suggesting that servicescape concept is one of the key dimensions of consumer value. Research limitations/implications The study was confined to one geographic region (South Wales) and only quantitative data were collected when further studies will require exploratory qualitative methods to have a greater understanding. Practical implications Findings from this study have been used to assist with the design and creation of an exercise class within a deprived area focussing on the values of consumption for the active and non-active. This study offers the sports provider, educator, policy maker another viewpoint of the consumption of physical activity. Originality/value Extant literature on physical activity predominately focusses on levels and there is little benefits in the way of understanding the dimensions of consumer values and the consumption of physical activity. This study contributes to this literature.
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Bradstock, R. A., and J. S. Cohn. "Demographic characteristics of mallee pine (Callitris verrucosa) in fire-prone mallee communities of central New South Wales." Australian Journal of Botany 50, no. 5 (2002): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt02019.
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Aspects of the demography of Callitris preissii subsp. verrucosa (Cunn. ex. Endl.) J.Garden populations were studied in semi-arid mallee communities situated on sandy soils in central New South Wales. Rates of survival and fecundity were estimated in a range of populations of differing age (year of origin or last fire: 1920, 1957, 1972, 1974 and 1985) that were monitored between 1987 and 1997. Rates of survival of juveniles and adults were high (>0.99 p.a.), although juveniles less than 5 years of age survived at lower rates. Estimated seedbank at the time of first tagging (no. of closed cones per plant) followed an increasing trend with plant age. Density, overstorey, topography and within-age-class site factors had significant effects on stored seedbanks in particular age-classes. There was high interannual variation (1989 v. 1990) in the size of crops of new cones. Trends in seedbank with plant age and seed release rates from tagged cones indicated that the species exhibits strong serotiny. Measurements of litter weight and depth beneath plants from 1920 and 1957 age-classes, indicated relatively low fuel loadings (about 0.2�kg m–2). Bark was sufficiently thick in c. 60-year-old plants to render stems resistant to low-intensity fires. Thus, it is predicted that the probability of propagation of fire in populations >50 years old may decline and that survival of fire in this age range may increase. Given patterns of survivorship, fecundity and seedbank accumulation, populations may decline when fires are relatively frequent (<15-year interval). At longer intervals there is potential for population densities to remain stable or increase, although the nature of variability in sizes of individual seed crops may have a predominant influence on dynamics. The combination of strong serotiny and negative feedback effects of plant populations on their flammability is a paradox, given the likelihood that seedling establishment is tightly keyed to fire.
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Dempsey, Ian. "Trends in the Placement of Students in Segregated Settings in NSW Government Schools." Australasian Journal of Special Education 31, no. 1 (April 2007): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1030011200025616.
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This brief report describes recent data on the enrolment of students in New South Wales (NSW) government special schools and special classes. There has been an increase in both special school and special class enrolments since 1998 with large increases among students with emotional disturbance. This pattern is briefly discussed in relation to government policy and legislation, social and political factors as well as the notion that there may be a threshold for the extent of inclusion of students with special needs in NSW government schools.
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Huxtable, C. H. A., T. B. Koen, and D. Waterhouse. "Establishment of native and exotic grasses on mine overburden and topsoil in the Hunter Valley, New South Wales." Rangeland Journal 27, no. 2 (2005): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj05006.
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Native grasses have an important role to play in mine rehabilitation throughout Australia, but there have been few scientifically designed studies of field establishment of native grasses from sown seed in this country. Current recommendations for rehabilitation of open-cut coal mines in the Hunter Valley involve the sowing of exotic pasture species to reinstate mined land to Class IV and V under the Rural Land Capability System. Despite the importance of native grasses in the pre-mined landscape, they are currently not widely included in mine rehabilitation. To address this issue a project was conducted between 1994 and 2000 to research the use of native grasses for rehabilitation of open-cut coal mines in the Hunter Valley. This paper reports on 2 mine site experiments that aimed to assess establishment and persistence of a broad range of native and exotic grass species from an autumn sowing in both topsoil and raw spoil over a period of 61 months. The most promising natives in terms of early establishment, persistence and spread over time, included six C3 accessions (five Austrodanthonia spp. and Austrostipa bigeniculata) and one C4 accession (Cynodon dactylon). Persistence of these accessions was better in raw spoil than topsoil, despite initial low numbers, due to a lack of weed competition and their ability to spread by self-seeding. In topsoil, and in the absence of any biomass reduction, native species were mostly out-competed by vigorous exotic perennial grasses which were sown in these experiments and from seed influx from adjacent rehabilitation areas or from the soil seed bank. The effects of climatic conditions and differences in soil physical, chemical and seed bank characteristics at the 2 mine sites are also discussed.
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Heino, Brett. "Extended Book Review: ‘Your push is what makes the wheels turn’: Class, crime and law in colonial New South Wales." Capital & Class 43, no. 2 (June 2019): 362–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309816819851034a.
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Little, IP, AJ Ringrose-Voase, and WT Ward. "Surface structure in gray clays of northwestern New South Wales in relation to micromorphology, cation suite and particle size attributes." Soil Research 30, no. 1 (1992): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9920001.
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Considerable differences in surface structure (0-100 mm) were observed in the field in two adjacent areas of grey clays near Narrabri, N.S.W. The absence of any differences in clay mineralogy and granulometry of the sand fraction supported the field assessment that both types of soil were similar in provenance. A transect of soil profiles including seven with poor structure and five with well-structured surface horizons was examined. The field observations of structure were supported by photographs of the surface, and water entry after rain. Micromorphological examination showed that closely spaced porphyric to adporphyric fabric in the poorly structured soils contributed to poor structure, highlighting the importance of textural attributes. The well-structured soils had a more widely spaced porphyric fabric. A measure of dispersibility depending on clay content and exchangeable plus soluble Na, Ca and Mg tallied very well with the field assessment of soil structure. Five groups were obtained from a euclidean distance/flexible sort strategy on the basis of cation suite, carbon content and particle size attributes. The groups identified areas of poor structure very well and the groups appear to be discriminated mainly on the basis of differences in Na, Ca and clay content. Treating the transect as a continuum of soils of very poor structure at site 1 grading to very good at site 12 showed that greater values for Ca, K, and clay were associated with good structure and greater values for Mg, C and silt were associated with poor structure. The sodium adsorption ratio and ionic strength of the soil solution were not on their own good predictors of structural behaviour possibly due to the independent contribution of Ca and Mg in this respect.
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Hunter, John T., and Alex M. Lechner. "A multiscale, hierarchical, ecoregional and floristic classification of arid and semi-arid ephemeral wetlands in New South Wales, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 69, no. 3 (2018): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf17006.
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Describing, classifying and quantifying vegetation communities is fundamental for understanding their current distribution, rarity, interrelationships and ecosystem functions. In the present study, we apply a consistent objective classification system for ephemeral wetlands of arid and semi-arid areas of New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Our approach uses a two-step statistically based, hierarchical, multiscale classification of environmental data at broad scales and floristics data at intermediate scales. At broad scales, ecoregionalisation methods were used to describe three wetland macrogroups. Within these groups, we performed unsupervised analyses of 640 floristic survey plots using the Bray–Curtis algorithm, clustering by group averaging and testing of clusters using similarity profile analysis (SIMPROF). From this we delineated 18 vegetation groups with class definition based on a combination of diagnostic and non-diagnostic similarity percentage analysis (SIMPER) outputs and dominant taxa. We show that a consistent classification system can be effectively created for subsets of vegetation that have adequate plot data within a general matrix that is poorly sampled if outputs are restricted to appropriate scales of resolution. We suggest that our approach provides a stable and robust classification system that can be added to as more data become available.
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Brand, J., A. Wain, A. V. Rode, S. Madden, P. L. King, and L. Rapp. "Femtosecond pulse laser cleaning of spray paint from heritage stone surfaces." Optics Express 30, no. 17 (August 10, 2022): 31122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.468750.
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We explore the use of femtosecond laser pulses to clean a variety of colors of spray paint from the Moruya granite, a stone with high heritage value that is widely used for monuments and sculptures in Sydney and New South Wales (Australia). The efficiency of the cleaning treatment and the effects on the stone substrate are evaluated using optical microscopy, optical profilometry, Raman spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and colorimetry. We demonstrate that femtosecond laser cleans granite without damaging it and without discoloration when the laser fluence is set below the damage threshold of the stone.
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MassimoCurini, Salvatore Genovese, Luigi Menghini, Maria Carla Marcotullio, and Francesco Epifano. "Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Boronia Pinnata Sm." Natural Product Communications 3, no. 12 (December 2008): 1934578X0800301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0800301235.
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Boronia pinnata Sm. (Rutaceae) is a plant that is widespread in New South Wales (Australia). Although there are no reports about the use of this species in the local ethnomedical traditions, recent investigations led to the characterization of several secondary metabolites, most belonging to the class of prenyloxyphenylpropanoids. Some of the compounds extracted from B. pinnata showed valuable biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory activity and in vitro inhibition of growth of Helicobacter pylori. The aim of this review is to cover what has been reported so far in the literature on the title plant from a phytochemical and pharmacological point of view.
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Blackwell, J., WS Meyer, and RCG Smith. "Growth and yield of rice under sprinkler irrigation on a free-draining soil." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 3 (1985): 636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850636.
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A line-source sprinkler irrigation system was used to study rice growth under irrigation on a free-draining soil in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area of New South Wales. Ponded rice was grown on the same soil for comparison. Seven levels of sprinkler water application were examined, ranging from 26 to128% of Class 'A' pan evaporation. Apparent efficiency of water use ranged from 3.4 kg of grain/mm for the highest yielding sprinkler treatment to 1.85 kg of grain/mm for the highest yielding ponded treatment. Excellent weed control was achieved by herbicides applied through a sprinkler system.
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Whitbread, A. M., Rod D. B. Lefroy, and Graeme J. Blair. "A survey of the impact of cropping on soil physical and chemical properties in north-western New South Wales." Soil Research 36, no. 4 (1998): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s97031.
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The soil survey was conducted on cropped and uncropped Red Earths (Alfisols), Grey Clays, and Black Earths (Vertisols) in northern New South Wales. The degradation of soil physical properties between the cropped and uncropped reference sites was reflected in declines of 29–86% in hydraulic conductivity (K) and 33–71% in aggregation. Generally there was a substantial loss of carbon with cropping, and the loss of labile carbon (CL) was usually greater than the loss of total carbon (CT). A Grey Clay which had been cropped for >40 years had lost 63% and 51% of its CL and CT, respectively. An adjacent Grey Clay which had been cleared and cropped for only 2 years had lost 43% and 26% of its CL and CT, respectively, resulting in a C management index (CMI) of 55, indicating that a large proportion of soil C was lost soon after the commencement of cropping. Where well-managed legume leys had recently been grown, the loss of C was reduced, resulting in a higher CMI. A loss of total and available nutrients after cropping was also found, with the magnitude of the losses modified by fertiliser history. A highly significant correlation was found between CT or CL and the proportion of water-stable aggregates >250 µm for the Red Earth and Grey Clay soils, but this correlation was poor for the Black Earth. The importance of organic matter in maintaining aggregation in low clay soils such as the Red Earth was highlighted.
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Butler, Tony, Peter W. Schofield, Lee Knight, Bianca Ton, David Greenberg, Rodney J. Scott, Luke Grant, et al. "Sertraline hydrochloride for reducing impulsive behaviour in male, repeat-violent offenders (ReINVEST): protocol for a phase IV, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trial." BMJ Open 11, no. 9 (September 2021): e044656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044656.
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IntroductionConsiderable evidence supports an association between poor impulse control (impulsivity) and violent crime. Furthermore, impulsivity and aggression has been associated with reduced levels of serotonergic activity in the brain. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a class of antidepressants that aim to regulate brain serotonin concentrations. Several small studies in psychiatric populations have administered SSRIs to impulsive–aggressive individuals, resulting in reduced impulsivity, anger, aggression and depression. However, no clinical trial has been undertaken in a criminal justice population. This protocol describes the design and implementation of the first systematic study of the potential benefits of SSRIs in impulsive–violent offenders who are at high risk of reoffending.Methods and analysisA randomised, double-blinded, multicentre trial to test the clinical efficacy of an SSRI, sertraline hydrochloride, compared with placebo on recidivism and behavioural measures (including impulsivity, anger, aggression, depression and self-reported offending) over 12 months. 460 participants with histories of violence and screening positive for impulsivity are recruited at several local courts and correctional service offices in New South Wales, Australia.Ethics and disseminationResults will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. Possible implications of the effectiveness of this pharmacological intervention include economic benefits of reducing prison costs and societal benefits of improving safety. This study has received ethical approval from the University of New South Wales, Aboriginal Health & Medical Research Council, Corrective Services NSW and the NSW Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health Network.Trial registration numberACTRN12613000442707.
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Leeworthy, Daryl. "A Diversion from the New Leisure: Greyhound Racing, Working-Class Culture, and the Politics of Unemployment in Inter-war South Wales." Sport in History 32, no. 1 (March 2012): 53–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17460263.2012.658965.
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Anderson, J., B. Law, and C. Tidemann. "Stream use by the large-footed myotis Myotis macropus in relation to environmental variables in northern New South Wales." Australian Mammalogy 28, no. 1 (2006): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am06003.
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The large-footed myotis (Myotis macropus) feeds by trawling aquatic invertebrates and small fish from water surfaces, but little is known about what types of streams are used. We investigated habitat use by M. macropus in northern New South Wales (NSW) by analysing data-base records, conducting field surveys and assessing environmental variables on or near waterways. A GIS comparison of 222 data-base records of M. macropus with broad environmental patterns indicated that most records were near large and permanent waterways at low elevations, in flat or undulating terrain, usually surrounded by vegetation. Three different field surveys were carried-out. First, 25 waterways on the NSW mid-north coast were stratified into five size classes and sampled (December 1996-January 1997) using harp traps and ultrasonic detectors. Just two captures and 20 passes were recorded. No M. macropus were detected on either the smallest or largest waterways, although the latter may have been under-sampled due to their broad expanse. Records of M. macropus were significantly associated with larger, more permanent waterways (when the largest size class was omitted). Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling of sites, described by their environmental attributes, failed to separate sites on the basis of presence/absence of M. macropus. The second survey (February 1998) targeted 25 sites on waterways within 10 km of a known roost in Kerewong State Forest. Twenty-eight passes were recorded, all confined to just three sites on Upsalls Creek, a large 4th order stream. The third survey (February 2000) investigated the use of adjacent riparian vegetation in the vicinity of the Kerewong roost. At each of 12 sites, one detector was placed on the stream, one 10 m from it and a third 20 m into adjacent vegetation. An average of 11 M. macropus passes per night was recorded over streams (total passes = 273), whereas no passes were recorded in adjacent vegetation. We conclude that M. macropus is sparsely dispersed across streams in forests of north-east NSW and that they are most likely to be recorded on large streams in the lower end of catchments. Management implications for timber production forests include redirecting effort from pre-logging surveys to monitoring the changing status of M. macropus over time, especially at day roosts where local populations are concentrated.
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McIlroy, John, Glen Saunders, and Lyn A. Hinds. "The reproductive performance of female red foxes, Vulpes vulpes, in central-western New South Wales during and after a drought." Canadian Journal of Zoology 79, no. 4 (April 1, 2001): 545–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z01-003.
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The reproductive condition of 295 female red foxes, Vulpes vulpes, collected during and shortly after a severe drought in central-western New South Wales, Australia, was assessed to assist research on the potential use of immunocontraception. The ovulation and conception rates per vixen for the 222 foxes that ovulated were 4.62 ± 1.50 and 3.58 ± 2.18 (mean ± SD), respectively. The resorption rate and mean litter size per vixen for the 188 foxes that were pregnant were 0.47 ± 0.92 and 3.75 ± 1.91, respectively. Details of the parameters are provided for each age-class. The proportion of the overall population that was pregnant was 0.847. Conception rates and litter sizes peaked in fifth- and sixth-year vixens, but vixens over 8 years of age produced as many cubs as first-year breeders did. Vixens collected during 1996, when rainfall was above average, contained significantly more corpora lutea than vixens collected during the drought years 1994 and 1995. There were no significant differences in other reproductive parameters (i.e., conception and resorption rates, litter size, and proportion of the population that was pregnant) between the 3 collection years. Mating occurred within a 3- to 7-week period from mid-June to the end of July and births from early August to late September. From a practical point of view, vixens will need to be targeted with immunocontraceptive baits in autumn.
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Briedis, Tim. "“The NOSCA Mafia”: overseas student activism in Australia, 1985–1994." History of Education Review 49, no. 2 (March 18, 2020): 117–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/her-08-2019-0030.
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PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to explore and analyse the history of the predominantly Malaysian Network of Overseas Students Collectives in Australia (NOSCA), that existed from 1985–1994.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on extensive archival research in the State Library of New South Wales, the National Library of Australia and the University of New South Wales (UNSW) Archives. It makes particular use of the UNSW student newspaper Tharunka and the NOSCA publications Truganini and Default. It also draws upon nine oral history interviews with former members of NOSCA.FindingsThe NOSCA was particularly prominent at the UNSW, building a base there and engaging substantially in the student union. Informed by anarchism, its activists were interested in an array of issues–especially opposition to student fees and in solidarity with struggles for democracy and national liberation in Southeast Asia, especially around East Timor. Moreover, the group would serve as a training ground for a layer of activists, dissidents and opposition politicians throughout Southeast Asia, with a milieu of ex-NOSCA figures sometimes disparagingly referred to as “the NOSCA Mafia.”Originality/valueWhile there has been much research on overseas students, there has been far less on overseas students as protestors and activists. This paper is the first case study to specifically hone in on NOSCA, one of the most substantial and left wing overseas student groups. Tracing the group's history helps us to reframe and rethink the landscape of student activism in Australia, as less white, less middle class and less privileged.
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Stewart, John, Douglas J. Ferrell, and Neil L. Andrew. "Validation of the formation and appearance of annual marks in the otoliths of yellowtail (Trachurus novaezelandiae) and blue mackerel (Scomber australasicus) in New South Wales." Marine and Freshwater Research 50, no. 5 (1999): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf99001.
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Yellowtail (Trachurus novaezelandiae) and blue mackerel (Scomber australasicus) were captured off the coast of New South Wales, marked with oxytetracycline, and kept in captivity for 1 year. The fish were periodically sampled to validate the use of their otoliths for age estimation. Opaque marks were formed during the year in the otoliths of yellowtail apparently aged 0 to 7 years and in apparently 1-year-old blue mackerel. These marks were formed in winter for both species, but did not become visible until early summer in some fish. There was an association between the growth rate of the otolith and the detection of opaque marks. Within an age class, fish with the fastest growing otoliths tended to have their most recently formed opaque marks visible earliest. These relationships between growth rate and the probability of correctly assigning an age class have important implications for ageing fish. Extra keyword: ageing
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Street, Ross. "Gregory Maxwell Kelly 1930 - 2007." Historical Records of Australian Science 21, no. 2 (2010): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr10007.
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Gregory Maxwell (?Max') Kelly (1930?2007) was educated at the University of Sydney (BSc 1951 with First Class Honours, University Medal for Mathematics, Barker Prize, and James King of Irrawang Travelling Scholarship) and the University of Cambridge (BA 1953 with First Class Honours and two Wright's Prizes; Rayleigh Prize, 1955; PhD 1957). He returned to Australia as Lecturer in Pure Mathematics at the University of Sydney in 1957, became Senior Lecturer in 1961 and Reader in 1965. He was appointed Professor of Pure Mathematics first at the University of New South Wales in 1967 then at the University of Sydney in 1973, becoming Professor Emeritus in 1994. He introduced the mathematical discipline of category theory to Australia and continued active and influential research in the subject until the day of his death.
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Tongway, DJ, and EL Smith. "Soil surface features as indicators of rangeland site productivity." Rangeland Journal 11, no. 1 (1989): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9890015.
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Criteria for the classification of Red Earth soils into groups reflecting differences in their productive potenrial were investigated on three sites near Cobar, New South Wales. Five features were shown to be useful by cluster and discriminate analysis of an extensive data set. A field-based classification using six very similar criteria was also tested and shown to agree with the cluster method. Laboratory tests for stability and fertility of the surface soil layer from each class indicated a significant difference between classes, and a narrow range of values for an individual class. Herbage production on quadrats over the range of soil surface condition also consistently reflected the classification. When the method was tested with three personnel previously unfamiliar with the criteria, good agreement with the original experimental set was obtained.
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Botha, Willings, Natasha Donnolley, Marian Shanahan, and Georgina M. Chambers. "Assessment of the societal and individual preferences for fertility treatment in Australia: study protocol for stated preference discrete choice experiments." BMJ Open 8, no. 2 (February 2018): e020509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020509.
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IntroductionIn Australia, societal and individual preferences for funding fertility treatment remain largely unknown. This has resulted in a lack of evidence about willingness to pay (WTP) for fertility treatment by either the general population (the funders) or infertile individuals (who directly benefit). Using a stated preference discrete choice experiment (SPDCE) approach has been suggested as a more appropriate method to inform economic evaluations of fertility treatment. We outline the protocol for an ongoing study which aims to assess fertility treatment preferences of both the general population and infertile individuals, and indirectly estimate their WTP for fertility treatment.Methods and analysisTwo separate but related SPDCEs will be conducted for two population samples—the general population and infertile individuals—to elicit preferences for fertility treatment to indirectly estimate WTP. We describe the qualitative work to be undertaken to design the SPDCEs. We will use D-efficient fractional experimental designs informed by prior coefficients from the pilot surveys. The mode of administration for the SPDCE is also discussed. The final results will be analysed using mixed logit or latent class model.Ethics and disseminationThis study is being funded by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) project grant AP1104543 and has been approved by the University of New South Wales Human Research Ethics Committee (HEC 17255) and a fertility clinic’s ethics committee. Findings of the study will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and presented at various conferences. A lay summary of the results will be made publicly available on the University of New South Wales National Perinatal Epidemiology and Statistics Unit website. Our results will contribute to the development of an evidence-based policy framework for the provision of cost-effective and patient-centred fertility treatment in Australia.
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Lunney, D., and M. Oconnell. "Habitat Selection by the Swamp Wallaby, Wallabia-Bicolor, the Red-Necked Wallaby, Macropus-Rufogriseus, and the Common Wombat, Vombatus-Ursinus, in Logged, Burnt Forest Near Bega, New-South-Wales." Wildlife Research 15, no. 6 (1988): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9880695.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study examined the habitat selected by the swamp wallaby, Wallabia bicolor, the red-necked wallaby, Macropus rufogriseus, and the common wombat, Vombatus ursinus. The habitats were unlogged forest and three age classes of logged forest at 16 weeks and 72 weeks after a fire in November 1980 in Mumbulla State Forest on the south coast ofNew South Wales. Habitat selection was determined from decay-corrected dung counts. The dung count for each species varied with the topography and age class of the forest, demonstrating that logging and fire had a marked effect on the habitat selected. The ridges logged during the woodchip-sawlog operation in 1979 and 1980 had little dung, indicating low use as feeding areas. Since these habitats were the most exposed, the conclusion drawn was that they were rarely used by the herbivores. However, ridges logged 10-15 years earlier supported all species because they provided both food and refuge shelter. Recommendations for management of forests subject to logging and fire include the retention of unlogged gully forest and spreading operations through both space and time to minimise population fluctuations.
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Lodge, GM. "Effects of grazing and haycutting on the yield and persistence of dryland aphid-resistant lucerne cultivars at Tamworth, New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 1 (1985): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850138.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The yield and persistence of 28 lucerne cultivars were assessed in two experiments at Tamworth on the Northern Slopes of New South Wales. Plots were either cut for hay or grazed when all cultivars were at the l/l0th bloom stage or every 6 weeks, whichever occurred first. Rainfall was below average during the experimental period. For purposes of data comparisons, cultivars were grouped into winter-dormant (WD), semiwinter- dormant (SWD), winter-active (WA), highly winter-active (HWA), dormant (D = WD + SWD), and active (A = WA + HWA) categories. In the first experiment (22 cultivars), total yields over 4 years were highest in haycut plots for the WD cultivar WL3 18 (35 690 kg/ha) and lowest for the aphid-susceptible SWD cultivar 77-B-1545 (25 255 kg/ha). In grazed plots, the HWA cultivar CUF101 had the highest yield (20 091 kg/ha) and 77-B-1545 the lowest (12 127 kg/ha). The frequency of all cultivars in haycut plots declined from 71 to 49% during the experiment. Mean frequency decreased from 68 to 11% in grazed plots and was not significantly different between cultivars after 4 years. In the second experiment (seven cultivars), total yields over 3.5 years were highest for the SWD cultivar Pioneer Brand 581 in the haycut plots (21 213 kg/ha) and the HWA cultivar WL514 in grazed plots (11611 kg/ha). The frequency of all cultivars in haycut plots decreased from 89 to 61% during the experiment; those in grazed plots decreased from 90 to 12%. There were no significant differences between the cultivars in either treatment at the end of the experiment. Trends in time between the contrasts WDSWD and WA-HWA (experiment 1) and D-A (experiments 1 and 2) were analysed in a repeated measures analysis. For dry matter, significant trends over time (P<0.05) occurred in the haycut WA-HWA contrast (linear decrease) and for the contrasts WD-SWD (linear decrease) and WA-HWA (concave quadratic) in the grazed plots of experiment 1. Under both grazing and haycutting, the D-A contrasts in experiment 1 were linear and increased with time; in experiment 2, the active lucernes constantly outyielded the dormants. For plant frequency, the haycut WA-HWA contrast increased linearly with time and, with grazing, the WD cultivars had a significantly higher frequency (P<0.05) than the SWD class. For both grazed and haycut plots, the D-A contrasts in experiment 1 were significant and cubic; in experiment 2, they were concave quadratics. These data indicate that, irrespective of frequency, the grazed yield of the active lucernes was always greater than that of the dormants. Despite differences in the plant frequency of the different dormancy classes during the experiment, their persistences after 4 years of grazing were similar.
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Knight, Karina, Frank Hemmings, Peter Jobson, and Jeremy Bruhl. "Size Doesn’t Matter: Fundamental Requirements in Relocating a Herbarium." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (June 13, 2018): e25991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25991.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Relocating a natural history collection is a daunting prospect. Underpinning successful relocation is getting the fundamentals right. From the moment the seed of an idea for a new facility is planted, a raft of detailed planning and preparation issues emerge. Meticulous planning and management is essential, from initial design through to the last specimen being housed in its new location. Herbaria are complex organisms each with a core collection of specimen sheets and associated infrastructure to house them; ancillary collections such as ‘spirit’ and ‘DNA’, a library, databasing, mounting, materials, imaging, loans and exchange, facilities for environmental control, biosecurity, space for staff, volunteers, research students, and class or public access and outreach. All these elements require careful consideration for relocation regardless of the size of the collection. Timelines for relocations from initial decisions to commencement of the move vary widely. Early involvement of core herbarium staff is critical to managing risks to the integrity of the collection during a move. Success of the operation can be gauged immediately after the move and again, much later, based on feedback on the operation of the facility and whether planned expansion will meet future needs. All these considerations are important and essentially the same, irrespective of distance of relocation or size of the collection. We will discuss the fundamental issues of herbarium relocation based on two recent case studies.The Western Australian Herbarium moved from its 1970s home to a modern, purpose-built, best practice facility incorporating innovative design features in 2011 with c. 800,000 specimens. The John T. Waterhouse Herbarium at UNSW Sydney (The University of New South Wales) moved c. 66,000 specimens in October 2017 from within a 1962 departmental building, to a modern, purpose-built facility, incorporating significant improvements, as part of a much larger relocation of its School. We will provide a guide to assist future relocations, both imminent (such as the N.C.W. Beadle Herbarium at the University of New England (>100,000 specmens), and the National Herbarium of New South Wales, >1,400,000 specimens) and for those yet to be considered. This will be a presentation on behalf of the Managers of Australasian Herbarium Collections (MAHC), a network of herbarium Collection Managers in Australia and New Zealand.