Дисертації з теми "Civilisation – Autriche – 20e siècle"
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Scherer, Solène. "Das Haus am Ring : construction et reconstruction de l'Opéra de Vienne, monument symbole de l'Autriche." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2022. https://dante.univ-tlse2.fr/s/fr/item/32286.
Like other significant buildings in central Europe, the Vienna State Opera was damaged during World War II bombings, thus destroying a great part of its original structure. Rebuilt less than ten years after, the re-opening of the Opera was symbolic of Austria regaining control of its sovereignty, thus reflecting the national reconstruction of the country. Going from the building of the Opera house, then through the stages of its destruction, to finally look at the rebuilding process, this thesis is an exploration and a synthesis of the questions of memory and transmission inherently connected to the notion of monument, and of what we call in France, patrimoine. The meticulous study of construction works during its building between 1860 and 1869, and through reconstruction between 1945 and 1955, but also in the time between these periods, enables to understand the evolution of the Opera regarding its status and the role it had in debates centered on culture, identity and the nation. From one construction work to another, the Opera is a symbol mirroring the perspective of Vienna and Austria on their history and territory. To rebuild the parts destroyed in 1945 in a contemporary way renews its status as a monument. The Opera house is a "palimpsest building” and the mythical dimension of the building, fed by historical events and legends, participates in a collective narrative which blurs the limits between fiction and reality. By cross-referencing state archives, those of architects employed in the Opera’s construction works and printed sources, we manage to have a clear perspective on this building, which was also forged by what was said about it. To this day, the Vienna State Opera embodies a certain history of Austria, and still influences the way we see the country abroad
Während des Zweiten Weltkriegs wurde auch die Wiener Staatsoper wie andere große Gebäude in Mitteleuropa durch Bombenangriffe beschädigt, die einen großen Teil ihrer ursprünglichen Struktur zerstörten. Nach dem in weniger als zehn Jahren abgeschlossenen Wiederaufbau und der Wiedereröffnung begleitete die Oper die Wiedererlangung der Souveränität Österreichs und war in gewisser Weise ein Spiegelbild des nationalen Wiederaufbaus. Vom Bau des Opernhauses, über seiner Zerstörung bis zu dem anschließenden Wiederaufbau, strebt diese Dissertation eine Erforschung und Synthese der Probleme der Erinnerung und der Vermittlung an, die mit dem Begriff des Denkmals und dem, was man in Frankreich als „patrimoine“ bezeichnet, einhergehen.Die sorgfältige Untersuchung der Bauarbeiten zwischen 1860 und 1869 und des Wiederaufbaus zwischen 1945 und 1955 sowie der Zeit dazwischen ermöglicht es, die Entwicklung des Denkmalstatus der Oper und die Stelle, die die Oper in den Diskursen um Staat, Nation, Kultur und Identität eingenommen hat, zu erfassen, während das zeitgenössische Österreich aufgebaut wurde.Von einer Baustelle zu der nächsten ist das Opernhaus ein Symbol, das die Beziehung Wiens und Österreichs zu ihrer Geschichte und ihrem Territorium widerspiegelt. Die Entscheidung, die 1945 zerstörten Teile auf zeitgenössische Weise wiederaufzubauen, aktualisiert den Status des Opernhauses. Historische Anekdoten und Legenden sind Teil einer großen Erzählung über die Institution, die die Grenzen zwischen Fiktion und Realität verwischt. Durch die Verknüpfung der Archivdokumente des Staates, der Stadt Wien, sowie der Architekten, die auf den Baustellen des Gebäudes beschäftigt waren, mit gedruckten Quellen - Presse, Kritiken, Bücher, Memoiren – ist es gelungen, die Konturen dieses Denkmals genau zu umreißen, das durch das Ausmaß seiner diskursiven Dimension auffällt, da die Diskurse seinen Status geprägt haben. Die Oper verkörpert auch heute noch eine bestimmte Geschichte Österreichs und prägt das internationale Bild des Landes
Adjanor, Lepoutre Myriam. "Conquête et colonisation dans la conscience mexicaine : 1810-1970." Lille 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL3A001.
Monnier, Gérard. "Architecture et culture en France de 1918 à1950." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010564.
Letourneux, Matthieu. "Poétique du roman d'aventures entre civilisation et sauvagerie : 1860-1920." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040180.
The romance of adventure was a major popular genre during the XIXth and XXth centuries in western countries where, despite national specificities, some common properties clearly appeared, belonging to the romance tradition : violent events organized according to the structure of misadventures and Adventure, which provides its shape and themes, and exotism. .
Blanc, Floriane. "La diffusion commerciale des techniques de prédiction en France au XXème siècle : quel danger pour la société contemporaine ?" Saint-Etienne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STET2100.
The object of the enquiry is the broadcasting of the prediction techniques in it commercial variety during the Twentieth century in France. First, the researches were for build up a new analyse about the relationship between a consumer and a "clairvoyant" whatever the way the consumer try to "inform" of his "future". Then, the scientific interest is to find out the sociological, historical, and philosophical- in the largest meaning of the term- aspects of this activity. Finally, each capital means to clarify each aspect. The problematical of the study is a simple question : Is that a danger for the contemporary society ?
Rodrigues, Denis. "L'enseignement de la civilisation hispanique en France : discours et idéologie des manuels à l'usage du second cycle : 1949-1985." Rennes 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989REN20021.
After a general introduction which proposes a history of Spanish civilisation teaching in France, this thesis analyses the speech and ideology in the second cycles-schoolbooks, produced between 1949 and 1985. It makes appear two main periods: 1949 1969 and 1969 1985. The first part shows that, until 1969, this teaching is found on the geographical and historical description of Spain, based on the great republican principles : unity of the nation, unity of the social body; teaching which is anachronic and moralizing. The second part analyses the populist and third-world options taken from 1969 to describe the social effects of the franquist dictatorship, and the social, cultural and political reality of south-American. This teaching is ideologically based on the human rights philosophy : it is concretely antifranquist and anti-American and considers the Cuban experience as a possible solution to infrahuman situations of south-America. The author makes appear with a frequency analyse that, among the different sources of the compilers, two main figures emerge, M. De Unamuno until 1969, P. Neruda, between 1969 and 1985
Sgard, Fabien. "De la double monarchie à la deuxième présidence autrichienne de l'U. E. : la vocation européenne de l'Autriche (1867-2006)." Littoral, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DUNK0158.
Since the end of the World War II, the construction of Europe has united different states that used to be conflicting. That’s the way France and Germany go. While the concerned governments have tried to achieve the project of an entity with its own institutions for nearly sixty years, a close idea was already existed in the 19th-century, melting at least thirteen nationalities of Central Europe, formed by the Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy to give them a chance to coexist in a same group. That’s how we can ask ourselves if the several institutions developed by the Austro-Hungarian politicians can be a useful example for the actual European decision-makers. Due to the difficulties caused by the nationality problem, the Austro-Hungarian monarchy has been disbanded, but passed the European feeling that was already going around to its successor: the Republic of Austria. Even if it has been pushed aside from European policy for a long time because of, notably, the Declaration of Neutrality from 1955 that the USSR imposed to regain its independence, Austria has probably managed to reach the same position of strength since its entry in 1995 in the European Union as the Austria-Hungarian monarchy succeeded to possess before it dies after the First World War. The will that the countries of Central Europe can be under its rule has been felt during the two last Austria’s European Union Council Presidencies in 1998 and 2006
Cagneau, Irène. "Discours sur la sexualité à Vienne et à Berlin (1900-1914) : une analyse comparative." Paris 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA030024.
If you want to study the discourses on sexuality in Vienna and Berlin between 1900 and 1914, it then implies to carry on researches in a double perspective. On the one hand, the question is to look at the diverse sources and accounts of this period in the socio-cultural, religious, scientific, legal, intellectual and artistic fields. On the other hand, the question is to compare two big cities of the German-speaking area, two sites of modernity : Vienna, the capital of a declining empire, an erotised city oscillating between tradition and modernity, dream and reality and Berlin, an expanding metropolis, a city of contrasts, both austere and fascinating, subjected to authority and strongly sexualized. In a first part, the institutional discourses made by the church, the science and the state about sexuality are analysed in this study along with the oppositions they raise, particularly in Karl Kraus’s writings and in the intellectual reviews of Berlin. Nothing is left at random : the sexual disparity is examined closely, classified and codified so that nothing remains out of control from the normative instances. In a second part, this work explores the literary and artistic universe of Vienna and Berlin and shows how the sexual disparity, yet carefully watched on, shows itself progressively or violently. If there are obvious contrasts in the way of showing sexuality in Vienna and Berlin, the artists have in common the expression of the human being’s anguish, unsteadiness and suffering in a threatened world
Cariani, Gianni. "Une france russophile ? : découverte, réception, impact : la diffusion de la culture russe en france de 1881 a 1914." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STR20025.
From 1881 to 1914, a considerable russophile trend emerged and made his mark in france. This russophilia combined a dual dimension, both political and cultural. The spreading of the russian culture fit into this dynamic and was met with a favourable and overall lasting reception during the identity crisis which characterised the french society of the 1880s-1890s. There is no doubt that the use of the russian culture has been political. The formation of a russian cultural pole in france - in preparation of french public opinion for the franco-russian alliance -, contributed to the overstepping of the fragmentary and deficient picture of the russian empire which had dominated almost all the 19th century. The integration of the russian culture into the french cultural sphere is considerably indebted to the european diplomatic context. The russomania raging and overcoming france from 1886 to 1897 clearly shows that beyond the discovery of the great novelists, the stake was standing at the junction of political and cultural fields. The period 1898-1914 indicates that this ambiguous situation had been overcome. The political use of the russian culture disappeared to give way to a perception in which the work of art is grasped for itself, beyond the diplomatic context. The time of discovery - from 1881 to 1897 - was replaced by the time of acknowledgement - from 1898 to 1914. The interpretation of the russian culture in the last years was no more biased nor subjugated, but shows a diversity of judgements, a plurality of discursive reasoning. The time of acknowledgement was marked by global accessibility to the russian cultural sphere, viewed beyond a militant and proselyte use; renewing, moreover, the vision of the world which had been predominant until then, as attested by the evolution of the quarrel on nationalism and cosmopolitanism
Bernard, Agnès. "L'éducation des élites en Autriche : les lycées catholiques viennois de 1848 à 1938, entre résistances et adaptations." Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA082290.
Until the middle of the 19th century, Austrian secondary education was taken care of by the Catholic orders in colleges (Gymnasien) and focused on ancient languages. 1848 is the beginning of a new modern education policy in which this teaching is taken care of by non-religious colleges. This work analyses the way through which Viennese Catholic colleges face these difficulties and studies the changes the latter cause in the formation of the upper layers of the population. The analysis and gets organized according to three perspectives: the status issue, the nature of recruitment, the specificity of the teaching given there. This work shows that the studied Viennese Catholic colleges were able to maintain a quantitatively marginal but qualitatively important position within the Austrian society. It underlines the complexity of these institutions and throws the light on the various issues of this era
Kirchner, Daniela. "Le mythe populaire de l'Amérique dans l'Italie de l'entre-deux-guerres à l'après-guerre : littérature, chanson, cinéma." Paris 10, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA100021.
The Italian myth of America permeates all the classes of Italian society and fascinates intellectuals and peasants alike. This thesis deliberately focuses on the popular myth of America and not on the intellectual one. It studies that dream which motivated many peasants to emigrate all the way from southern Italy to America. That same dream grew in the minds of those people who did not make it and were left behind to feed on it. A variety of real experiences, impressions and dreams are reflected through different media such as literature, popular songs, cinema, America jazz and italo-american jargon. These constitute an image, which is often ambiguous and contradictory. Dominated by the undeniable reality of emigration and by the hope of the emigrant for a better world, the popular Italian image of America reveals itself real and idealized, concrete and fantastic, bitter and sweet. The study in depth of this particular myth and its cultural reality helps us also to understand the existence and possible effects of similar myths which are present in other countries and other cultures
Picault, Isabelle. "Le livre pour enfants en Irlande, de 1980 à 1996." Caen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CAEN1342.
Regueillet, Anne-Gaëlle. "La sexualité en Espagne pendant le premier franquisme (1939-1950)." Tours, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOUR2021.
The most widespread theory defines the first Francoism (1939-1950) as a phase of "sexual repression" imposed by Church, during which the speech on the sex, and more precisely the teaching speech, would have completely disappeared, not to re-appear between the democracy in 1975. The first Francoism would have been one period of rupture, in particular compared to the second Republic (1931-1936), and there would have been a "pro-Franco specificity" in the manner of conceiving sexuality. According to the medical speeches and moralist pro-Franco, only procreative sexual activity practised within the canonical marriage was tolerated and said "normal", and the Franco régime imposed to sexually educate the population (children, teenagers, and adults) in this direction. From the point of view of daily realities, the premarital sexual practices were common, in spite of certain medical and social "risks". The Spanish company of the first years of Francoism was before a whole traditional company, the relation between the sexes being governed by "double morals" and inherence between sexual instinct and instinct of reproduction
Vălcan, Ciprian. "La concurrence des influences culturelles françaises et allemandes dans l'oeuvre de Cioran." Paris, EPHE, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EPHE4121.
The structure of my thesis follows two axes, one belonging to the field of cultural history, the other to comparative studies. Thus, in the first stage, I will try to present the cultural climate where the French and German influences can be traced and where they concur, insisting especially on the constant elements which reveal the attempts to define the Romanian culture. Focusing on Cioran, I will insist on the manner in which the images of the French and of the Germans and sketched in his work, tracing both the invariable and the variable elements, trying to indentify the way these portraits change along time and whether there are significant differences of perspective between his Romanian and his French work. In the second stage, I will attempt at a comparative approach, exploring the relation between Cioran and a number of French and German autors. Nietzsche, Schopenhauer, Simmel, Weininger, Spengler will be the thinkers chosen from among the Germans, while Pascal, the moralists, Valéry and Barrès will be the representatives of the French. I will try to establish the importance of their influence on Cioran, fo his entire life or only for a limited period of time, the lasting or strictly circumstancial nature of these relations, also looking into the extent to which Cioran's embracing the French cultural milieu changes these tendencies
His, Guylain. "Le nuage de Coop Himmelblau en 1968 : émergence du nuage comme problématique architecturale contemporaine." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010683.
Gabilliet, Jean-Paul. "Le "comic book", objet culturel nord-américain." Bordeaux 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR30023.
This dissertation bears on the periodical comis strip magazines distributed in the united states and canada since the 1930's, aka comic books. The key contention of this research is that the comic book, as any cultural artifact, is posited at the core of a network of discourses and social practices whose interpretive potential is twofold; on the one hand, they emphasize a number of revealing features proper to the social environment in which comic books are produced, on the other, they are instrumental in accounting for the comic book's inferiour cultural status. The first part is a historical survey whose purpose is to lay down a periodization framework suitable for further analysis of the medium. The second part addresses the evolution of the comics industry's central mechanisms, is creative process and commercial distribution, since the 1930s. In the third part, comic book contents are looked into from four angles: the booklet as self-contained artifact (ads, readers' mail, etc); foremost genres (comics "for kids", superheroes); comic books as a means of propaganda and education; "obscene" comic books (pornography and violence). Finally, the fourth part deals with the economic, socialn and cultural background of the comic book's apparent inability to accede to any form of cultural legitimacy (general public's indifference, recurring if limited censorship, etc) despite tentative signs of assimilation into the cultural mainstream
Plyer, Ségolène. "Les Allemands des Sudètes et l'Allemagne : mutations de l'identité de groupe : l'exemple de Braunau en Bohême." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010715.
Maari, Boutros. "Tradition populaire et création artistique : L'émergence de la peinture moderne en Syrie." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0243.
This thesis retraces the principal stages of the history of the modern art in Syria. This type of art has its origins at the beginning of the XXth century in Syria. Although mainly influenced by contacts with the West, it, nonetheless, is based on the popular and religious arts, which were practiced around the region before the XXth century. The military and economic supremacy of the West, manifested parallely in the cultural domain with the appearance of painting, is ill-perceived by the syrian painters. The ill-feeling is differently expressed by generations, each of them elaborating its style in guise of means to surmount the problem. The most important attempts have been accomplished by the second generation who tried to endow its "modern" production with specific arabo-islamic character. But, for lack of sufficient deepening, this movement produced a certain banalisation of artistic heritage, reduced to simple ornamental motives. Today, the major figures of the third generation, that lives its full maturity, try to free themselves from these preoccupations, looking for a dialog and a deeper contact, with themselves on the one hand, with their tradition on the other
Ebah, Mathias Codjo. "L'Afrique au fond des yeux : conceptions contemporaines de l'histoire africaine." Reims, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REIML006.
For centuries africa has been at the center of european preocupations. It is evidentz when we study the manuscrit from the fifteenth to the twentieth century. But this continent had rathes been studied with prejudices than with reliable scientific methods. An ever if africa is closer to europe than the other continents, it is presented as isolated un-welcoming, without a true history and above all culturraly empty. If then proved to be of some interest being a continent rich in slaves and manpower. On the contrary, in asia systematic excavations were soon carried out, granding in the title of cradle of civilization. But in fact, for several de cades, thanks to scientific discoveries made by french and americans researchers, we begin to see africa with different way. It is nowadays proved that africa has not only been the cradle of civilization, but also the starting point of cultural and agricultural seats which had a universal unfluence. Africa once more saw itself propelled on the international scene with the colonization which gave the african people the opportunity to regain the control of their destinies. Therefore it is totaly lawful that every partenaires know each other at last, to examine objectiviely of the futur of humanity. For the african people the remebrance of things past must not lead to dejection. It is an exhortation to work. That's why have analized the present economical, social and political situation which is problematic. This report made us elaborate a cultural and economical recovery plan. We do know the difficulties and pitfalls, but thanks to a true awareness and good collaboration with the occident, the african continent can recover its dignity
Altan, Cemren. "La narration visuelle d'une nation : nationalisme et peinture en Turquie à l'époque républicaine." Paris, INALCO, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INAL0014.
The question in the origin of our research is the relationship between the re-definition of the Turkish Republic established in 1923 and the development of contemporary art in general an in particular in painting. This seems to be an efficient field of research ; studying the basis of cultural politics of the Turkish government concerning plastic arts on one hand and questioning it's relation to the evolution of the 'Turkish identity 'in the paintings of some Turkish artists on the other hand. Our primary aim is to re-define the actual situation of contemporary art in Turkey by the study of it's historical background. We have studied the question by elaborating the national signs in the Turkish paintings from 1923 to 1997, that is from the Republican period to the contemporary period. The period 1923-1927 in Turkey has been studied by several scholars from socio-economic and political points of view. We have pointed out to those studies in reformulation of the question of nationalism from the aesthetics point of view. Did the aesthetic transformations come up at the time of Turkish Republic ? If it is the case, at what order were-they ? What role did the artists who were open to European art from XIX century and more particularly from 1923 onwards play ? For what reasons and means were-they supported by the State ? What was the place of painting in the reconstruction of Turkish history seen by the new vision of the Republican nation ? What were the internal contradictions of such a situation, and two what extend did the artistic movements of the contemporary artists of the last twenty years assume or reject this heritage of nationalist discourse expressed by the painting ? Those are the questions that structured the research we refer under the general title of visual narration of a nation
Morère-Labay, Julie. "Civilisation et barbarie dans l'œuvre d'Evelyn Waugh (1945-1966)." Montpellier 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON30039.
After the youthful excesses illustrated in the novels of the first period, from 1945 to 1966, Evelyn Waugh’s works continue to condemn the spiritual vacuum that is at the core of the modern world, insisting more and more on the necessity to take up arms against it. The power of the British novelist’s writing comes from his form, his style, and the variety of topics discussed, all revolving around a central concept – the conflict that opposes civilization and barbarism. These notions entertain a chiasmic relationship, in between a civilized barbarism and a barbaric civilization. The diaries, correspondence, articles, essays, reviews and fictional works denounce the ethical and aesthetic contradictions of the modern world, positioning the author contra mundum. Waugh’s writing mirrors the many masks he adopts, a critique and an aesthete in turn, a determined and stubborn war correspondent, a political thinker, a bold observer of the customs of his country and of others, a pious catholic and a ferociously religious writer. What is ultimately at stake for him is the defence of the English language and its literary tradition, while at the same time embodying the spirit of an era that he observed and criticized, constantly measuring its flaws against the values of a bygone age that he deemed superior to the world he lived in
Kleinlercher, Alexandra. "Le passé trouble de l'Autriche vu à travers sa littérature : Le cas Heimito von Doderer." Paris, EPHE, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2005EPHE4070.
Although he started publishing in 1923, the Austrian writer Heimito von Doderer (1896-1966) remained unknow until he met with success in the fifties, and was promoted to the foreground of Austrian cultural life. A first part describes the literary context of the period from the thirties to the sixties in order the show the continuities marking the fifties as well as the breaks that occurred between 1945 and 1966. In the second part, Doderer's biography is examined with a particular emphasis on his relation to Nazism, the evolution of his anti-Semitism, the years he spent as an officer in the German army and his fate at the time of denazification. The destiny of the persons of Jewish descent whom Doderer had kown before Anschluss, including his first wife Gusti Hasterlik, is recounted, on the basis of the letters of the Hasterlik family and of common friends of Doderer and his wife. The third part offers a detailed analysis of two of Doderer's most significant works for the topic considered: Die Dämonen des Ostmark (not yet published), written until 1936 as a novel with an anti-Semitic theme, and 'Unter schwarzen Sternen', a short story published in 1963 which takes place in Vienna during Second Word War. The dissertation appraises the extent to which Doderer has overcome his affinities with Nazism and his anti-Semitism, and analyses the way in which he tried to get round his own past, while thinking about the 'Total State'
Touton, Isabelle. "L'image du Siècle d'or dans le roman historique espagnol du dernier quart du XXe siècle." Toulouse 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU20037.
Spanish fascist propaganda has relied on historical myths in order to legitimate the National-Catholic ideology of the regime. What have these myths become after Franco's death ? This thesis investigates the image of the Golden Age offered in Spanish historical novels written after 1975. Considering that the relationship between a literay text and ideology can only be grasped through a process of recontextualization, we offer an overview of several interpretations of the Golden Age itself, as those that can be found in the history of ideas, in the Spanish historical novel prior to 1975 and we also try to sketch a general picture of the social-historical context of postmodernity and postfranquism. We then examine in a sociological approach the vision transmitted by the paratext of sixty novels as well as by the interviews we conducted with about fifteen authors. Finally, we offer an analysis of six novels representative of the last quarter of the Twentieth Century
Bidar, Abdennour. "Mohammed Iqbal : une pédagogie de l'individuation." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA070033.
What reasons would one have today, for being interested in the philosophical thoughts of Mohammed Iqbal ( 1873 - 1938 ) ? Would these thoughts be able to express a distinctive topicality and richness in contemporary debates? Iqbal may be considered as a philosopher of the individual or philosopher of the ego - his classic commentator Iqbal Singh speaks of a Philosophy of Egohood” (The Ardent Pilgrim, An introduction to the Life and work of Mohammed Iqbal, Delhi, Oxford University Press, 1997, First edition, London, 1951, page 62) - and sees his philosophy as a critical reflection on the conception of the Process of Individuation by the modem Western world since the Enlightenment. But to understand the issues of such an undertaking, one must begin by clarifying the idea of the Process of Individuation itself : Man would be seen as a being who bas to fashion himself as individual subject, that is to say, an individual fully aware of itself and endowed with the greatest autonomy of thought and action. The process of individuation is therefore explicitly a process of subjectivation. However, the question that Iqbal poses, is about the possible or ideal end of this process and his contribution to this investigation into the "becoming-subjecf” constitutes a remarkable pedagogy of individuation - which is the main aim of this thesis. Where will this work of self s constitution as a full subject lead the human being, and what exactly does it signify to become such a full subject? In the lectures studied here (Mohammed Iqbal, Reconstruire la pensée religieuse de Islam, Six Lectures on The Reconstruction of Religions Thought in Islam, London, 1939, English translation by Eva Meyerovitch, Paris, Adrien-Maisonneuve, 1955), Mohammed Iqbal has handed us the figure of an "Ultimate Self which one does not find the equivalent in Western philosophy. What representation can we construct of finality of the becoming-subject and of the abundance - accessible or model - of the full-subject being ? In the Kantian manner, the question becomes the folio wing : what may one be reasonably allowed to expect in terms of our work on individuation ? May we expect from an individual who is fully individuated, that his conatus may not only be preserved within his being but that he would have been led to the plenitude of his activity ?
Morin, Nicholas. "La perception des missionnaires jésuites du Québec des traditions socioculturelles chinoises au Xuzhou, 1918-1955." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18093.
Mirghiassi, Seyyed Abdollah. "L'impact des philosophies occidentales et islamiques sur la constitution iranienne au XXème siècle." Toulouse 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU10072.
The objective of this thesis is to investigate this question : what kinds of philosophical, political and social (extra and intra territorial) backing have the evolution of government in Iran and the emergence of the constitution enjoyed ? What has the role of the thinkers of the age of intellectualism in Europe been in this direction ? Through studying the course of the evolution of government in Iran and the emergence of the constitutional law and the related government system, we understand that the first effect of the thought contact between Iran and the West along with the new governmental methods, which fanned the philosophical flames of Iranians to rid themselves of the yoke of despotism through religious power and anti-oppression identity. The traditional despotism was bridled with the help of law. The constitutional movement evoked many hopes and wishes. The arrival of the new terms such as constitution, freedom, justice, paved the way for new dialogs in the 20th century Iran
Thibonnier, Laure. "Idéal et réalité dans la civilisation russe à travers les oeuvres pédagogiques de N. I. Novikov (1744-1818) et A. S. Makarenko (1888-1939)." Lyon 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO31018.
The Russian civilisation of the 18th and 20th centuries is hereby analysed through pedagogical works of N. I. Novikov (1744 – 1818) and of A. S. Makarenko (1888 – 1939), with the fundamental query concerning the issue of the ideal and the reality. For the 18th century, the influence of the thought of Locke, Rousseau and the Russian freemasonry on Novikov's pedagogy is studied, as are studied for the 20th century, the themes essential for the Soviet civilisation of work, of collective, of family and of authority through their reflection in Makarenko's pedagogy. Beyond this, the ideal model to which each society streams to match the “new man” which it creates is considered, and more generally, in this historical breakdown may we not perceive a certain historical permanence? This permanence will be revealed in the continuity of the ideal proposed to Russian society : the union of the people with a power sanctified by faith
Carre, Philippe. "La démythification du terroir dans le roman autrichien de la seconde moitié du XXème siècle." Rennes 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN20023.
The traditional picture of the Austrian land was that of a cosy place to live in. Nevertheless, this idyllic vision was given up after 1945 by contemporary authors whose aim is to criticize Heimat. They all want to destroy the myth of a beautiful nature, of a friendly rural society, of a salutary religion. All these writers demystify landscapes in decay. Like nature men and women suffer from physical and psychological diseases, they are just waiting for death. Even Catholicism which means here violence, hypocrisy and intolerance won't help them to survive because it's about to disappear too. The way the authors demystify Heimat allows them to criticize an Austrian society which alienates people. They write a biting social critique without creating anything else for the country. That's the reason why we can say they don't want to see a new Heimat arise. Through this total destruction Austria and Austrian people are lost for ever: how meaningful the words finis austriae are !
Uberall, Véronique. "Joseph Roth, témoin et combattant : étude de dix-sept nouvelles dans le contexte sociohistorique en Autriche et en Allemagne de 1916 à 1939." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA1029.
Joseph Roth (1894-1939), Jewish Austrian writer and journalist between the two World wars, born in the Oriental Galicia, is considered as the defender of the Hapsburg Monarchy, through his famous novels like The March of Radetzky. The purpose of this work is to focus on the scarcely known or not at all known texts, clearly identified as short stories, and to show that Joseph Roth was not a mythomaniac, blind defender of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire, but a burning defender of humble people, while fighting for the respect of the Hapsburg Monarchy and against the rise of the National Socialism, through the coded message of the symbolism in his short stories. We looked for traces of the historic facts and the social, economic and political problems in the short stories through the study of the symbols and the myths. We considered the texts as revelations of certain aspects of the modern world and the evolution of the society, also described by Joseph Roth as being still immobile and ill. Finally, we saw that the author, having turned away from any political party, fights up to the end against the Nazism in his life of committed writer, exiled in Paris, through the journalistic texts and through the short stories like The Leviathan. Each short story is the frame with multiple facets of an entertaining fiction, a humanist message, a sociohistorical report or a modern, traditional, biblical or fantastic tale. It is also a foreword so that the reader remains clear-sighted, in front of deceitful seductions of the powerful and the politics, as well as the technical progress
Stieg, Gerald. "Fruits du feu : le 15 juillet 1927 et ses suites dans la littérature autrichienne." Université Nancy 2, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NAN21008.
Werck, Isabelle. "Gustav Mahler et sa Troisième Symphonie : recherches sur les composantes de la création chez un musicien." Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040001.
While composing his third symphony during the summers 1895-1896, Mahler wrote and spoke abundantly about his creative process. He built at the same time the music and the cosmogonic program of his work. Many testimonies of this elaboration are remaining; they are collected and commented in this study as exhaustively as possible. The third symphony is considered as a frame for a psychology of musical creation. A parallel is constantly lead between the summers 1895-1896 and Mahler’s whole life. The study takes three directions. It recalls and analyses the biographic elements in order to throw a light on the creator's personality. It reveals the characteristic features of the musical writing in the third symphony, through all its manuscripts, its structures (self-quotations, for instance) and its affinities with other mahlerian works. Finally, this symphony is particularly revealing of the composer's extra-musical sources, in the spectacle of nature and in literature
Le, Mat Jean-Pierre. "Rupture culturelle et continuité identitaire : Porto Rico face au changement de souveraineté de 1898." Rennes 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REN20006.
In 1898, putting an end to four centuries of Spanish rule, the United States take possession of the island of Puerto Rico and start a process of profound transformation. The aim of the present study is to explore the aspects of a cultural contact. Part 1, visions and revisions of a foundation period, 1868-1898, is a general assessment of the situation of the island at the end of the 19h century. The feelings of national identity voiced by Puerto Rican patriots in the 20th century is largely based on the idea that Puerto Rico had acquired a distinct and valuable identity before 1898. It is useful to assess the validity of such claims. The stress is laid on the diversity of images of the island at the end of the 19th century. It appears that Puerto Ricans felt a strong attraction towards the United States. Part 2, cultural problems in the new colonial environment, 1898-1930. Focuses on the reactions of Puerto Ricans to their new situation, on their attitudes to modernity and tradition. The results of three decades of intense + americanization ; seem rather limited. Are those limitations due to inertia ? To cultural resistance ? Could the approach by the united states have been wrong ? A strong national movements gathers strength during the period 1898-1930. It is led by polititians and writers who express the need to preserve and develop a specific puerto rican identity rooted in the past. Is this merely a reaction of the local elites who see their power threatened or does it mean that the people of Puerto Rico have deeply felt the need to preserve their cultural integrity ?
Breton, Pauline. "Genèse et élaboration d’une « civilisation morale » : influences de l’expérience de guerre sur la pensée de Georges Duhamel (1902-1946)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100022.
In the crossroads of history and literature, this biographical study consists at first of a questioning of the place of the individual in History. By means of an interdisciplinary collection and of an experimental approach of the genetics of texts, we have to determine the mark of the war on the genesis of Georges Duhamel's intellectual and philosophic position towards the “crisis of civilization”, brought to light by a reflection on the consequences of war. The demonstration aims to establish the correlation between his moral philosophy, his intellectual commitment and his wartime experience. After a state of the thought of the humanist on the eve of the war, the reconstruction of multiple “singular colloquium” which Georges Duhamel develops with the wounded soldiers of the Great War delivers the matrix of the foundations of the "moral civilization", gradually achieved over war stories. Window to an individual soul and part of the collective consciousness, this double perspective reconstitutes the path of the “moral civilization” from 1919 to 1939, from time for illusions to test of dangers. By games of scale, the cultural evolution of society and French consciousnesses from the First to the Second World War comes to light, as well as the durability of the ethical and metaphysical issues raised by the violence and the mass die-off at the turn of the century. Finally, the development ends on the meanings and the implications of the Second Conflict on the “moral civilization” envisaged in its double dimension, metaphysics and cultural
Teuber-Terrones, Natalia. "Une lecture croisée de l'oeuvre poétique de Georg Trakl : constellation dialectique et dépassement." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAC032.
This thesis aspires to present a renewed reading of Georg Trakl’s poetry. Our reasoning is based on traditional methodology approaches commonly used in German studies. These comprise, among other things : interpreting the work on the basis of biographical facts, exploring social, historical and intellectual context and intertextuality. We have made the choice to improve this traditional approach by enhancing interdisciplinarity, using the lecture keys and results of philosophy, history of religion, psychoanalysis and psychology. Indeed, these disciplines will permit us to enhance the results of many serious studies by introducing a new point of view about his poetry. Our work aims to question reading in a different way, interpreting GeorgTrakl’s poetry on the basis of different disciplines associated with the humanities in order to show not only the formal complexity of these poems, but above all their philosophical depth, topicality and ethical goals
Serodes-Mirabel, Françoise. "Modernité et synthèse des arts. Le mot, le son et la couleur : autour de Kandinsky." Paris 8, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA081045.
Between 1905 and 1914, both german and austrian artists experimented in the field of color. Color came to be the decisive link in the development of modern art and of the complete work of art. Thus on the stage kokoschka with "morder, hoffnung der frauen", schoenberg with "die gluckliche hand" and kandinsky with his "color" operas, "der gelbe klang" "der grune klang" "schwarz und weib" "violett", found a new energy and creativity in color, liberating it from a mere utilitarian role and considering it as an autonomous living thing. Color was stronger than words in its ability to translate inner feelings and the senses. It could metamorphose, reunite, reconcile and transcend and kandinsky founded the interaction of these different artistic means through sound and vibration. It was a new synthesis in continual flux opening up a new space and kandinsky proceded first to simplify the basic elements, then became more complex by putting into play their polarity, their extremes. In poetry kandinsky transposes pictural techniques in order to liberate sound through repetition, reducing the word to its proper sonority
Benghenissa, Nacer Edine. "L'image de la femme occidentale dans l'Orient moderne (approche sémiotique de la composante cognitive et passionnelle dans "Al-havy al-lâtînî" de Suhayl Idrîs)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX1A082.
Tsinas, Christophoros. "L' éclectisme architectural à Thessalonique (1850-1940)." Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010519.
Werth, Eva. ""L'illumination mutuelle" : des rapports entre littérature et peinture chez Egon Schiele (1890-1918)." Paris, EPHE, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EPHE4114.
To clear up the phenomenon of Egon Schiele's "double giftedness" by following the intermedial paths of the artist; such is the undertaking of this work, thus hoping to construct a new approach to Schielien research. Straddling literature and painting, this comparative study comprises four large stages. Firstly, the justification of the corpus and the methodological reflexions concerning the literature-painting relation associated with the phenomenon of the double gift, as well as the development of tools for analysis. Secondly, the context, by proposing a historical synopsis divided into three parts: Schiele himself, his artistic design and his time, namely the contemporary history of Vienna at the turn of the century. Thirdly, the application of the theoretical element trough a typological analysis which comprises - by means of analysis tools - the systematic interaction between writing and painting. However, this is divided into two distinct parts: the analysis of the topics and the motifs is followed by an analysis of the stylistic aspects. At this stage, the synthesis of the project is detailed in a hermeneutical manner, by taking into account ideological and generic questions. Fourthly, the Egon Schiele are broached. Once synthesized, the question of knowing what occurs "behind the skin", namely "behind the ink" is addressed
Franchitti, Abby. ""No Votes, Thank you" : l'opposition au suffrage des femmes en Grande-Bretagne." Tours, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUR2015.
The victorian and Edwardian periods are well-know for the violent protest movements against the exclusion of women from political life. Less well-known is the fact that many women and men were not only opposed to the methods of the militants but also to the very principles they professed. They believed that belonging to the British family did not require the Parliamentary vote or engaging in political activity. On the contrary, they believed that women were eventually obliged to organize a collective stance inside "The Women's National Anti-Suffrage League". Later reinforced by the "Men's League for Opposing Women's Suffrage" and "the Scottish League", the "Antis", as they were called, developed their specific strategies, diialectics, propaganda, and anti-suffrage organizations soon merged to form the "National League for Opposing Woman Suffrage". The League's strategy was effective until the war years, 1914-1918. In 1917, the House of Commons adopted the "Representation of the People Act" which included a clause giving women over 30, who satisfied the property qualifications, the right to vote. Its adoption was confirmed by the House of Lords and received Royal ascent in 1918. This study offers the opportunity to discover the practices and motivation of a large number of women (a majority?) and men who were convinced that in order to safeguard the British ideal at home and abroad they had to oppose the woman's vote. Above all it presents a different perspective of understanding as to how the anti-suffragists were able to justify more than fifty years of opposition to the extension of the democratic process to include women
Jacquet, Benoît. "Les principes de monumentalité dans l' architecture moderne : analyse du discours architectural dans les premières oeuvres de Tange Kenzo (1936-1962)." Paris 8, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA082874.
Since its creation, the modern movement in architecture broke away from the classical criteria of monumentality (19th century), but the context of World War II has been propitious for a reinterpretation of the issue of the monument. Between 1936 and 1962, the textual and graphic discourses produced by the architect Tange Kenzô, for the competitions of architectural and urban planning in which he participated in the 1940s, were funded on universal principles characteristics of the Japanese culture, adapted to the contemporary world. First motivated by a wish to “overcome” Western modernity, these principles led to a new monumentality, on the base of an original reflection on the concepts of tradition and creation, environment, and architectural and territorial scales
Copin, Henri. "L'Indochine dans la littérature française des années vingt à 1954 : exotisme et altérité." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040302.
The common history of France and Indochina during the colonial years gave birth to a rich production of literary works which today remains partly unknown. This research aims to outline and question the literary pictures through which this country is portrayed. The period covered here extends from the years following the First World War till 1954, which marks the end of the colonial yeas. The geographical area includes Vietnam, Kampuchea and Laos as they are known today. The method adopted consists of examining number of works grouped around significant themes. Initially the situation and the evolution of exoticism in its relationship to what is known as literature colonial is studied, firstly in its wider sense, and then more particularly in Indochina. The research then concentrates successively on the different crises in the nineteen thirties and their literary expression, the intimate affairs between European and Asian, the myth of the decivilized and finally to the resulting drama of half-caste integration. The last part is concerned with postwar Indochina as it is mainly portrayed through Jean Hougron's Romanesque literary works. Within the general framework of culture exchanges between Europe and Asia, and within the context of the colonial relationship. One can follow, through intertwining of representations and myths, and through the narrative techniques, the evolution of exoticism which moves towards otherness this movement goes from a passive observation to a genuine interest in the other
On'Okundji, Okavu Ekanga Blaise. "Ethique négro-africaine et technoscience moderne : défi pour des nouvelles orientations dans l'Afrique contemporaine." Lyon 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO31004.
Deep-rooted in "live metaphysics", the holiotic dimension of the negro-african universe, made of synergy and intelligence, convergence and membrality - that is to say of reciprocal interaction happens to be strongly shaken in an africa that more and more chooses occidental science and technics as a means to get out of the deadloks of underdevelopment. Nevertheless these science and technics are not "falling from the sky". They bear a history, tradition and culture. But they also drain their myths, beliefs and blindness. So true is it that adopting, adapting or transferring to africa what we will call techno-science do not go without raising new challenges. The future of man will not be technoscientific. The development of africa will be less a matter of competence and material means than that of ethics. Africa must invent and create for itself new paradigms of significance and new meanings out of the action of articulating rationalities and through the dynamics of contaries promised to improvement and to pluridimensionality. The fundamental project will have been to answer this question : "wich science for which africa"? a question culminating in this other one : "which ethics in an africa in quest of an authentic development"?
Mugisha, Robert Gasana. "Aspects du roman africain : retour aux sources, ferveurs et refus : thèse." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE2023.
Chapoutot, Johann. "Le national-socialisme et l'Antiquité." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010722.
Jurado, Marie-Laure. "La représentation de la France dans les manuels de Français Langue Etrangère faits en France et à l'étranger." Paris 8, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA08A003.
Baume, Philippe. "Henry de Montherlant et l'Antiquité." Paris 4, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040409.
The influence exerted on Montherlant's personality and works by antiquity is clearly revealed by the perusal of his biography and above all of the main themes as well as the pieces of writing dealing with antiquity, should they be confronted with their antique sources. Henry de Montherlant is thus emerging as one of the contemporary writers that would have demonstrated in the most obvious way the permanence of greco-latin civilization in French literature
La, Barbera Serge. "Les populations françaises de Tunisie, de la fin des années 1930 au début des années 1950 : attitudes, comportements, représentations." Toulouse 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU20014.
The first and the second parts of the work are a study of the French peoples of Tunisia in their daily environment, allowing us to discover their culture, while showing their differences in their relation to the idea of homeland and territory. These relations are typical of colonial societies whose Frenche community in Tunisia is an example, clinging, despite its original and ethnic diversity, to the pattern set by the metropolis. The third part is more historical and essentially based on archived documents. It corresponds to several important moments in the history of the French community in Tunisia: 1938: the first severely repressed nationalist reprising; 1939: the italian fascist claim over Tunisia, one of the steps leading to World War II; 1940: the refusal to accept defect, then the acceptance of the armistice, which reveals strong tensions between the French and the Italians of the Protectorate; 1940-1942: the Tunisian political affairs are led by Vichy, the acceptance of antisemitic lows, the Vichy collaboration; 1942-1943: the occupation of the country by the Axis forces, the last days of "collaborationism" then the liberation by the Allies. In a empathic movement for the French from France, the Tunisian French attitude evolved from a feeling of distance from the metropolis to a real fusion, as implied by their active participation in the war, among the French fighting forces. The final part deals with the withdrawal of thgose populations into their awn problem, it reflects on thier survival on the Tunisian soil. In fact, despite the chiefly Moslem ethnic cleaning, despite a strong resistance, and despite the wish to expert a strong repression, they had to give in to the overwhelming Tunisian nationalist movement and to organize their return to France
Claparède-Albernhe, Brigitte. "Identité et histoire dans l'oeuvre d'Amos Oz." Montpellier 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON30045.
The Zionist wish for a synthesis between individual identity and Jewish Collective iden-tity has not achieved yet. Amos Oz' s fictional narrative develops the relationship between iden-tity and sense of time ass felt in the Zionist culture. The novelist's writing apprehends time as a continuous change, discovers otherness, isolates the subject from society as a whole. The novel gives shape to political thought, and individual achievement enlightens the reconciliation of Jewish Israeli identity with History. As a pacifist and democrat, Amos Oz opts for history, chal-lenges nihilism, criticizes again Enlightenment philosophy, opts for law and patience against vio-lence and utopian frenzy, does not separate putting politics into question from putting ethics into question, recovers the Jewish tradition of liberty and responsibility through a dialogue with European humanism
Boutonnet, Thomas. "VERS UNE « SOCIÉTÉ HARMONIEUSE » DE CONSOMMATION ? Discours et spectacle de l'harmonie sociale dans la construction d'une Chine “civilisée” (1978-2008)." Phd thesis, Lyon 3, 2009. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2009_out_boutonnet_t.pdf.
Chinese society in the beginning of this twenty-first century is undermined by growing socioeconomic and regional inequalities, as China has been disrupted by the reforms launched by Deng Xiaoping since 1978, by the transition from a planned economy to a market economy and by the expansion of a mass consumer society. The discourse of " harmonious society " (hexie shehui), an official program introduced by President Hu Jintao in 2005, took place in this particular context to pacify social unrests. This dissertation aims to dismantle the strategies used by the " harmonious society " and to reveal that this discourse advocates social harmony not by resolving social inequities but by accepting them. Hexie shehui is part of a larger and earlier civilizing process of Chinese underprivileged population, since it appears to be a tool to control and discipline the poor and offers ethics response to social issues. We will see, finally, how this " harmonious society " also targets to design a spectacular “civilised” China and the way this spectacle is the core of this program
Beynet, Michel. "L'image de l'Amérique dans la culture italienne de l'entre-deux-guerres." Grenoble 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE39025.
This piece of research aims at defining what America (USA) meant for Italian culture between world war one and world war two, namely, what the way America was interpreted by the Italian indirectly revealed about their culture. It makes an analysis by themes of what the Italian have written about America, its films and its literature, and of the interpretations of America which can be found in Italian literature. Fascism has had only little effect on this image, whereas the presence in America of many ill-integrated Italian immigrants has probably increased misunderstanding of America in Italy; the Italian saw America through its cities - particularly New York and its center Manhattan - but they hardly perceived at all its industrial, democratic and protestant aspects. A symbol of the importance of catholicism and of family in Italian culture, and of the fascination exerted by Hollywood in Italy, the free American woman occupies a place in the Italian image of America. The popularity of American film and of Jack London in Italy means that the Italian were fascinated by an adventurous America, whereas Italian literature is confirmation of the role played by American woman and Italian emigration in the Italian image of America