Дисертації: "Civilian experiences"

1

Caddick, David John. "The experiences of former UK military personnel re-entering the civilian world." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/2110.

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This thesis focuses on the experiences of former UK military personnel from all three armed services re-entering the civilian workplace. There is a distinct lack of research in this area with only limited studies carried out which tend to focus on the difficult transitions or the actual mechanics of engaging with the civilian labour market. This thesis provides a unique insight into the experiences of military personnel and their journey out of the military environment and into the civilian environment. This study uses a qualitative methodology based upon an interpretive approach to gain insights into the experiences of former military personnel who left the military for a variety of reasons. The study examined the stories of a main research cohorts of 16 individuals and a second cohort of 10 individuals were engaged to further challenge theoretical saturation. The research subjects were selected using a ‘snowball’ approach and selection filtered using a specific set of criteria. Their military experiences span a range of times since discharge and a range of civilian employment since leaving. Following a review of existing literature encompassing career theory, transition theory, narrative analysis and activity theory, open interviews were conducted with participants simply asked to “tell me your story”. The transcripts of the interviews were then analysed using three analytical frames: activity theory, storytelling and perceptions of the self. The participants mainly identified tensions in their relationships with new communities, mediated by the changed social rules and divisions of labour that they encountered in their transition. Those who identified the lowest levels of tension tended to tell their stories in a heroic mode and demonstrated multiple or mixed senses of the self, whilst those who identified the highest tensions tended to tell their stories in a tragic mode and privileged their military identity above their other identities. The data suggests that some of these experience may be connected to the concept of the unquestioned organisation that was expressed by all the research cohort and the unthinking transfer of agency that occurs on joining and leaving the military.

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2

Nishizaki, Sumiyo. "After empire comes home : economic experiences of Japanese civilian repatriates, 1945-1956." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2016. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3454/.

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The economic impact of large influxes of population is a complex topic. This research contributes to this field by examining one of the most significant, but least researched, examples of postwar migration – the repatriation of more than six million (including three million civilians and demobilised soldiers each) to Japan after the Second World War. One pervasive image of Japanese civilian repatriates is that of the immigrant farmer of Manchuria who settled as a part of Japan’s Manchurian policies and had difficult repatriation experiences under the hostility of local people. However, many returned from other regions as well, including Korea and Sakhalin, and repatriates consisted of not only farmers but also colonial government officials, employees of public and private corporations, and small business owners, amongst others. This paper specifically focuses on civilian repatriates in selected prefectures (Ibaraki, Hiroshima, Kanagawa and Osaka) in 1956 and their occupational changes during the time of economic transition. Whilst it is evident that for many repatriates the postwar transition was not entirely smooth, the data presented in this research suggests that in contrast to prevailing notions, repatriates’ postwar resettlement was facilitated by a) employment in family farming and the tertiary sector, b) employment at government agencies or c) the transferability of repatriates’ skills in industry and retail and services. The information from the 1956 government survey into repatriates’ postwar lives shows that approximately 60 per cent of repatriates fell in these categories, while the other 40 per cent found employment in new areas or became unemployed. As a result, despite the scale of the repatriation, the settlement was broadly successful. It can be argued that this type of transition helped to bring political and economic stability, which became a foundation of Japan’s postwar growth.

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3

Wild, Deidre Joan. "From civilian soldier to civilian veteran : British health professional veterans' perceptions of their military, social and health experiences from the Gulf War (1990-91)." Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.744780.

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4

O'Leary, Kevin R. "Service Members’ Perspectives on Treatment: Bridging the Military-Civilian Divide." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1514928730083764.

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5

Bederman, Jeanette. "Beyond military service : an analysis of United States Naval Academy graduates' civilian career experiences /." access online version, DTIC, 2005. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA439307.

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6

Bederman, Jeanette M. "Beyond military service an analysis of United States Naval Academy graduates' civilian career experiences." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/2011.

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This thesis explores the civilian career experiences of United States Naval Academy (USNA) graduates who have left military service. The data comes from a 2004 survey of USNA graduates from the classes of 1986 through 1996. This thesis analyzes the effect of human capital accumulated via the USNA education, via follow-on military experiences, and via career preparation on civilian salary and satisfaction. Both the first salary after leaving the military service and the current salary are analyzed. Both salary models find that varsity athletes, honors graduates, submariners, and those who achieved higher military ranks earn more than their classmates. Military tenure increases civilian salary, but the effect diminishes after a certain point. Selective Reservists consistently earn lower civilian salaries. The write-in responses reveal that leadership, academics, time management and other personal skills provide the most influential USNA experiences on current civilian jobs. While 84 percent describe themselves as satisfied, a satisfaction model is estimated to examine for trade-offs between salary and satisfaction. Satisfaction is further examined by evaluating the effect of civilian accomplishments. The estimates find that Marines, Naval Aviators, and Trident Scholars are more likely to be dissatisfied than satisfied. Military tenure yields a tradeoff between wages and satisfaction.

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7

Munn, Jamie E. "Information Technology Certification Training Implementation| Exploratory Case Study of Air Force and Civilian Leaders Experiences." Thesis, University of Phoenix, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10743445.

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Military leaders, both active duty and General Schedule (GS), must understand cyber warfare with its environmental connections and rapid evolution while finding ways to develop strategies that may lessen threats and attacks to government infrastructure. The Department of Defense (DoD) sought training and certification programs from the civilian sector to help create and enforce safeguards to ensure critical infrastructure was less susceptible to increasingly hostile cyber-attacks. The purpose of this qualitative exploratory single case study was to gain insight on Air Force leaders’ perspectives of integrating civilian Information Technology (IT) certification training into the military IT certification process, the perception of benefits of such implementations, and how processes and benefits aligned with the DoD 8570 directive. The research method consisted of an exploratory case study focused on experiences of both military and civilian leaders at an AFB in the Southeastern United States. Data collection was conducted through audio-recorded interviews of 10 military leaders. Six themes emerged from data provided by participants when answering the two research questions. The DoD 8570 Mandate should address, revise and emphasize the guidance and polices surrounding the training program, and provide more information on how to manage the program. The DoD should improve the training and education specifically as it pertains to individuals’ workloads. Finally, revisions in the program would vastly improve the success and potentially save money with consideration to a DoD created certification program.

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8

Jones, Gemma. "Exploring the psychological health and wellbeing experiences of female veterans transitioning from military to civilian environments." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/exploring-the-psychological-health-and-wellbeing-experiences-of-female-veterans-transitioning-from-military-to-civilian-environments(32c236b6-618b-494a-bd4c-b545d97a1a5c).html.

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Background: The inclusion of women in the armed Forces is becoming increasingly commonplace, with figures currently standing at 10.2% of the regular Forces in the United Kingdom (UK). This is set to rise with the introduction of the new Ground Close Combat (GCC) ruling which came in earlier this year (2017), allowing women to serve on the frontline with their male colleagues. However, alongside these changes, women already face stressors and exposure to combat in the Forces that potentially contribute to difficult transitions back into everyday life when leaving the military environment. The aim of this study was therefore to engage with and explore the experiences of female veterans psychological health and wellbeing as they transition from the Forces into civilian life, understanding the different processes they encounter as they transition. Methodology: Six female veterans who fit the inclusion criteria were recruited for the study. In this qualitative study, semi-structured, one-to-one, in-depth interviews were conducted and analysed in accordance with Charmaz's (2006) Constructivist Grounded Theory (CGT) guidelines. This iterative and inductive analytical process was utilised to construct an understanding of the participant's experiences and understandings of their transition. Findings: Concurrent with the CGT approach, nine theoretical categories developed from the analysis of the interviews, including role reversal, sexism and loss. These contributed to the development of a transition model, representing an interaction between the military environment, no mans land and the civilian environment. Findings indicate that experiences of transitioning faced by female veterans are complex, and involve gender-related issues. The findings also suggest that problems with mental health such as Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder are common, and are heightened by additional stressors specific to women's experience in the military and civilian environments. Discussion and Conclusion: These findings suggest that female veterans health and psychological wellbeing experiences in the military are parallel to those they experience in civilian life. Consistent with previous literature, the female veterans interviewed appear to have experienced their transitions differently to male counterparts, with additional stressors present throughout their transitions. These stressors contribute to the uncertainty of identity, stigma and a loss of military ways when transitioning back into a civilian society. Consequently, more services that are tailored to female military veterans, are proposed, in order to support the increasing number of female veterans that will present in the future. This has implications for therapeutic practice in counselling psychology, whereby a deeper understanding of the difficulties and challenges experienced by female veterans during transition into civilian life can inform therapeutic interventions and signposting to specific services tailored their needs.

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9

Hurtado, Eduardo. "Job Transitioning Experiences of Blue-Collar Employees After Federal Downsizing." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7014.

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Downsizing, realignment, and closure of military bases have forced many low-skilled, blue-collar federal employees into involuntary job loss and job transition. The impact of involuntary job loss on blue-collar workers has been linked to stress and other adverse psychological effects. There is gap in the literature regarding the lived experiences of federal blue-collar employees following downsizing of military bases. The purpose of this qualitative, interpretive phenomenological study was to examine lived experiences of job loss and job transition for federal blue-collar employees following downsizing of military bases. Schlossberg's transition theory provided a conceptual framework for the study. Ten ex-federal blue-collar employees were recruited through purposeful sampling and interviewed using a semistructured interview strategy. The modified Moustakas and Stevick-Coliazzi-Keen method of analysis was used to analyze the data and report emergent themes. The following 7 themes emerged from the data: transition was associated with negative feelings, employer was unprepared for transition process, support provided by employer, emotional support from family and significant others, engaged in other activities, accepted the transition process, and drew motivation from family. The findings from this study may contribute to positive social change by providing important information that human resource managers, industrial/organizational psychologists, and government agencies can use to advocate for the need for developing programs that support civilian job transition services to individuals who are affected by federal downsizing.

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10

Parsons, Martin L. "Civilian evacuation and air raid precautions. A case study in three contexts : to what extent do the complex issues surrounding civilian evacuation and A.R.P. find their way into the school text books and commercial and museum experiences' aimed at pupils." Thesis, University of Reading, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388401.

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11

Omerbasic, Anita. "I carry three pieces of metal in my body from the separatists : Ukrainian war veterans' experiences of the reintegration process and adjustment to civilian life." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Jönköping University, HLK, Globala studier, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49185.

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The Donbas war in Ukraine has resulted in over 380,000 veterans who now have to reintegrate into civilian life again. What to do with former combatants has been on the agenda for many years since their reintegration plays a critical role in the transition from war to peace. Researchers have emphasized the relevancy of conducting more studies about how the veterans themselves experience the transition to civilian life. Therefore, this study which is based on ten qualitative in-depth interviews explores how Ukrainian war veterans experienced the reintegration process following the war in Donbas and how they adjusted their identities in the transition from military to civilian life.Through a thematic analytical approach and by using a theoretical framework related to identity adjustment processes their experiences were analysed. The results of this study show that although the extent to which the veterans are in need of assistance after deployment varies, all veterans did experience difficulties when returning to a civilian setting. The bureaucratic processes and media coverage of veterans were expressed to have the biggest negative impact. Female veterans had experiences that differed from their male counterparts both before deployment and during the transition phase. Moreover, all veterans to some extent experienced identity disruptions during the reintegration process. Ultimately, the ongoing war in Donbas is impacting the possibility for these veterans to fully move on and take on their civilian responsibilities. They continue to wait for the prospects of peace, both for their country and for themselves.

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12

Abulkheir, Randa, and Pengfei Li. "How does Military Experience Affect the Perception of Recruiters in Swedish Civilian Jobs? : A Case Study about Swedish Civilian Job Recruiters." Thesis, Jönköping University, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49496.

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Under the United Nations’ proposal of downsizing military plans for peacekeeping, countries are continuously decreasing their military personnel size, resulting in a global military personnel decrease of 10% in twenty years, which is equivalent to a decrease of 3 million soldiers. Sweden, on the other hand, decreased its military personnel by 15% in just one year (2020), leaving these military personnel for the quest of new careers in civilian jobs.The purpose of this study is to understand how military experience affects the perception of recruiters in Swedish Civilian Job. This study will be able to help Swedish individuals with military experience who are switching careers to civilian jobs to understand the perception of recruiters on them and provide guidance for successful employment. For recruiters, this study can be used as a measurement model of how to accurately evaluate veterans, which can more effectively translate expertise for organizations, and help to enrich their human resources.This paper conducts a qualitative study, collecting responses from thirteen Swedish civilian recruiters by the method of semi-structured interviews to ensure effective data collection. Through the analysis of the data by NVivo coding program, and further analysis by the researchers, the theoretical model is established and discussed.The findings show that military experience does affect the perception of recruiters in swedish civilian jobs. The effect is overall mirthful and positive because military experience is perceived to affect personality and skills positively. However, the findings also showed that in the eyes of recruiters, military experience may generate some obstacles to employment if the individual did not obtain other qualities or sets, such as education, job experience before their military service, good communication skills, and emotional intelligence.

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13

Gower, Stephen John Lawford. "The civilian experience of World War I : aspects of Wolverhampton, 1914-1918." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412552.

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14

Yap, Felicia Mei Ling. "Reassessing the civilian internment experience in Japanese-occupied British Asia 1942-45." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607839.

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15

Fan, Chiang Shih-Cong. "Urban civilians' experiences in the Romano-Persian wars, 502-591 CE." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2015. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/urban-civilians-experiences-in-the-romanopersian-wars-502591-ce(61c22265-4311-4679-9d94-f39f40417cf3).html.

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This thesis studies the wartime experience of the Empire's urban civilians in the six-century Persian wars. While many researchers have been conducted to examine Romano-Persian relations, civilians' fates in the armed conflicts between these great powers were greatly neglected. This dimension deserves more attention to shed new light on the relationship between Rome and Persia and the nature of warfare in classical antiquity. This thesis is divided into three parts. In chapter 1, both a sketch of major political and military events of the Roman Near East and a brief review of the late antique intellectual backgrounds are provided. Chapter 2 aims to investigate how late antique and medieval writers presented and described civilians' wartime experiences. The results show that they not only shared the same language stock with their predecessors, but also adopted certain allusions and motifs in their works. Roman civilians' fates are examined thematically from chapter 3 onwards. Whereas many of them were killed, the blockade of a city lead to famine and cannibalism. Meanwhile, cases of sexual violence were reported by authors from different literary milieux. Also, the inhabitants' possessions and building were either destroyed or removed. Different types of population movements in wartime are investigated in chapters 4 and 5. Some Romans took refuge outside their hometown or escaped to other places, while certain notables were detained as hostages. The victorious Persians captured many survivors and transported them to different places. In the end, chapter 6 includes both a synthesis of Roman civilians' wartime experiences and an explanation for these phenomena. Whereas many cities were either besieged or threatened, it is shown that the the Romans' fates in these conflicts were variable and affected by interaction of various factors such as the Sasanids' strategies and the responses of the Empire's authorities.

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16

Sancho, RiChari. "Stakeholder Experiences and Operations in Implementing an Elementary Civil Leadership Program." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7191.

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Elementary school students may display uncivil behaviors that affect peer interactions, and school or community climate. Some middle and high school leaders have implemented programs to improve student interactions by enhancing student leadership skills, character education, and students’ understanding of civic education. However, few programs combine these goals with aspects of culturally relevant pedagogy (CRP) in elementary schools. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explain the motivating factors, challenges, and rationales of school administrators and leaders who implemented a student civil leadership program in a K-6 elementary school and to understand how the program was established, how it operated, the extent to which CRP was facilitated through instruction, and how students benefited. The conceptual framework was based on Allport, Ewald, and Ladson-Billings’s ideas of similar and dissimilar group interactions. Data were collected through interviews of school leaders, observations of program facilitators, and artifacts. Data were analyzed using initial and simultaneous coding, which led to the development of 4 key findings: the implementation of the GCP program was due to trust and consensus among stakeholders, the curriculum bore resemblance to CRP in implementation, instruction promoted civil leadership in students through the design of program activities, and establishing the program fostered community support. The findings of the study indicated that positive social change may result from continued and trusting collaborations between school and community leaders, particularly when they are aimed to implement civil leadership programs with effective programming and an underlying foundation of CRP.

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17

Shafiq, Reem. "(In)justice and the experience of civilian survivors of armed conflict : case studies from Palestine (Gaza), Iraq and Syria." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2015. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/809470/.

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The Research Dossier comprises a Literature Review and a Research Project in two parts, Research Project Part 1 and Research Project Part 2. These were designed as a series of three interconnected pieces of research, with the Literature Review and its Reflexivity section, functioning as the basis for the two research reports, which use the same set of primary data analysed from different methodological positions. In terms of focus, although the significance of justice to survivors of human rights atrocities has been codified in international law, in which it is assumed to have more than material significance, psychology literature in this area is limited. Given escalating global tensions, in which (in)justice has been cited as a factor at least in the public sphere, this research series focuses on the psychological meaning and construct of (in)justice and its significance to the experience of civilian survivors of war trauma. The research series was initially informed by my personal and professional experience with individuals and communities on the ground, as well as more recently within clinical practice working with survivors in the UK, for some of whom the lack of justice appears to be a significant maintaining factor. In addition to highlighting the significance of injustice to human suffering in this context, deconstructed along with justice, to reveal the social and political influences from which meaning is drawn, the research series is aimed at stimulating debate and further enquiry within the profession as an approach which challenges the dominant epidemiological conceptualisation and individualistic approach to suffering in this context, whilst findings support a more holistic and inter-disciplinary psychosocial approach that meets the needs of survivors and their communities. The research series also reflects on the wider societal contributions that Counselling Psychology as a discipline can make in advancing social justice and in engaging, at least through research and in public debate, with the root causes of suffering, beyond the confines of the therapy room.

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18

D'Antoni, John G. "The Home Front: The Experience of Soldiers and Civilians in the Louisiana Maneuvers of 1940 and 1941." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2018. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2452.

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In the years before and during World War II, the United States Army conducted a series of military maneuvers in north-central Louisiana. The two biggest maneuvers occurred in May 1940 and September 1941. The Louisiana Maneuvers are credited with helping to prepare the U.S. armed forces for World War II. Previous studies of the 1940 and 1941 maneuvers have focused on the day-to-day activities during the maneuvers or the generals behind the maneuvers. This study will focus on the impacts of the maneuvers on the soldiers themselves and on the citizens of north-central Louisiana who lived in the maneuver area. This study will also focus on how the Louisiana state government worked with the U.S. army to get the maneuvers.

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19

Cohn, Jean S. "Additional military orientation for the experienced nurse : a guide developed to bridge the gap from civilian nurse to Navy Nurse Corps officer." Thesis, San Diego, California : San Diego State University, 1992. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA255412.

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Thesis (M.A. in Education)--San Diego State University, August 1992.
"August 1992." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 16, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 20-21). Also available in print.

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20

Hallifax, Stuart. "Citizens at war : the experience of the Great War in Essex, 1914-1918." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:73fe34ce-e418-414c-8939-819b14a1f81f.

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This thesis examines the experiences and attitudes of civilians in Essex during the First World War, 1914-1918. Through these it explores the reasons for people’s continued support for the war and how public discourse shaped conceptions of the war’s purpose and course and what sacrifices were needed and acceptable in pursuit of victory. This combination kept the war comprehensible and enabled people to continue to support it. Vital to getting a picture of how the war was understood is an account of the role of the local elites that sought to shape popular knowledge and attitudes about the war. The narratives of the war, the discourse of sacrifice, and elites’ roles evolved with events at home and at the front. Chapter 1 deals with the initial reactions to the war and growing acceptance of the major war narratives. The second and third chapters address two of their major features: attitudes towards the enemy and volunteering for the armed forces. The fourth chapter addresses the changes to the war's narratives and ideas of sacrifice as casualties and hardships increased from 1916, while Chapter 5 provides an in-depth case study of local military service tribunals. The final chapter deals with the crises of 1917-18, which covered both the expected course of the war and the image of equal sacrifice, and how local and national elites overcame these problems. The successful depiction of the Great War as necessary, just, winnable, and fought against an evil enemy allowed civilians to accept sacrifices in order to win. An evolving discourse of sacrifice framed what was expected of and acceptable to civilians. Local elites played an essential role: advocating sacrifice and endurance for the national cause while also working to ensure that sacrifices were minimised and borne equally. This combination of framing the war and mitigating its effects was vital in maintaining civilian support for the war effort.

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21

Castro, Carvalho André. "La experiencia de una infraestructura financiera semi-formal en países en vías de desarrollo: propuestas para el Brasil y América Latina*." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/109664.

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The government usually seeks help from private investors to be able to deliver public services. Private capital usually tends to concentrate on big profi table projects. In order to be able to carry out the smaller projects, an alternative to privatizations has to be proposed, in attention to the State’s inefficiency to deliver every service the society demands. In this article, the author proposes the civil society’s active participation as a way to carry out smaller projects efficiently. Nonetheless, civil participation is not possible without an attractive foment policy and the facilitation of particular initiatives given by the State. The article focuses particularly in the case of the Brazilian reality and other parts of LatinAmerica.
El Estado suele recurrir a la privatización para la implementación de servicios públicos. Generalmente, la inversión privada se concentra en grandes proyectos que le sean rentables. Se hace necesaria una alternativa al sistemade las privatizaciones, ya que el Estado tampoco puede asumir un rol activo en la prestación eficiente de todos los servicios que la sociedad demanda. En este artículo, el autor propone la participación activa de la sociedad civil para llevar acabo pequeños proyectos eficientemente. Sin embargo, ésta no es posible sin una correcta política de fomento y facilitación de iniciativas particulares por parte del Estado. Así, se pasa a analizar la situación de América Latina a la luz de la legislación y las experiencias internacionales.

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22

Salson, Philippe. "1914-1918 ˸ les années grises : L'expérience des civils dans l'Aisne occupée." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON30088/document.

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Ce travail entend étudier la manière dont l’occupation allemande, au cours de la GrandeGuerre, redéfinit les configurations sociales et les interdépendances au sein des populationsciviles. La micro-analyse dans le cadre du département de l’Aisne nous offre l’opportunitéd’un carottage de la réalité sociale de l’échelle mezzo à l’échelle micro. La comparaison dessituations vécues au sein du département, à partir des nombreux récits collectés, permet dedresser les contours d’une violence propre à l’occupation qui ne se réduit pas pour autant à laviolence exercée par l’occupant. Le regard porté sur les municipalités rend compte d’unnouvel équilibre des pouvoirs au niveau local : les maires, considérés par l’occupant commeseules autorités légales, doivent trouver avec lui des modes de coopération qui soientacceptables. Dans le même temps, ils sont amenés à renouveler leurs pratiques afin derépondre aux urgences sociales comme aux injonctions des commandants. Enfin, à l’échelleindividuelle, les perceptions et les stratégies des civils sont examinées comme celles d’acteurssociaux au sein de communautés locales. Sont alors dévoilées les tensions et la duplicité desattitudes à l’égard de l’autorité d’occupation, duplicité qui n’exclut pas des formes derencontres et d’ententes avec des soldats ennemis
This study intends to explore how German occupation during the Great War redefines socialconfigurations and interdependencies among civilian populations. Analyzing a limited arealike Aisne provides us an opportunity of drilling in social reality, from mezzo to micro scale.Comparing experiences within the 'département', on the basis of numerous accounts gathered,allows us to outline the contours of a specific violence during military occupation which is notonly the violence of German armies. The perception of municipal governments accounts for anew balance of power at local level : mayors, considered by occupier as the only legalauthorities, have to define with him acceptable ways of cooperation. At the same time, theymust renew their practices to respond to social emergencies and orders of Germancommanders. Finally, at the individual level, strategies and perceptions of civilians areexamined as those of social actors within local communities. This brings us to gauge both theextent of tensions and the duplicity towards occupying authority, duplicity which does notexclude different types of meetings and agreements with enemy soldiers

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23

Prokop-Janiec, Eugenia. "A woman assimilationist and the Great War: The Case of Aniela Kallas." HATiKVA e.V. – Die Hoffnung Bildungs- und Begegnungsstätte für Jüdische Geschichte und Kultur Sachsen, 2016. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A34824.

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24

Lynch, Éadaoín. "'This may be my war after all' : the non-combatant poetry of W.H. Auden, Louis MacNeice, Dylan Thomas, and Stevie Smith." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/16566.

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This research aims to illuminate how and why war challenges the limits of poetic representation, through an analysis of non-combatant poetry of the Second World War. It is motivated by the question: how can one portray, represent, or talk about war? Literature on war poetry tends to concentrate on the combatant poets of the First World War, or their influence, while literature on the Second World War tends to focus on prose as the only expression of literary war experience. With a historicist approach, this thesis advances our understanding of both the Second World War, and our inherited notions of 'war poetry,' by parsing its historiography, and investigating the role critical appraisals have played in marginalising this area of poetic response. This thesis examines four poets as case studies in this field of research-W.H. Auden, Louis MacNeice, Dylan Thomas, and Stevie Smith-and evaluates them on both their individual explorations of poetic tone, faith systems, linguistic innovations, subversive performativity, and their collective trajectory towards a commitment to represent the war in their poetry. The findings from this research illustrate how too many critical appraisals have minimised or misrepresented Second World War poetry, and how the poets responded with a self-reflexivity that bespoke a deeper concern with how war is remembered and represented. The significance of these findings is breaking down the notion of objective fact in poetic representations of war, which are ineluctably subjective texts. These findings also offer insight into the 'failure' of poetry to represent war as a necessary part of war representation and prompt a rethinking of who has the 'right' experience-or simply the right-to talk about war.

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25

Morant, Nicole B. "U.S. Military Career Transition: An Exploratory Interview Study of the Learning Experiences of Enlisted Military Personnel Transitioning from Active Duty to the Civilian Workforce." Thesis, 2018. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8H437ZN.

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Increases in the number of enlisted veterans transitioning from active duty to the civilian world have drawn attention to a need for research in terms of unemployment to examine how separated service members experience transition from their perspective. Fifteen separated enlisted veterans from four of the five military branches were selected and interviewed in this study. The focus was to understand better the complexities of reintegrating into the civilian workforce, as experienced by veterans from the enlisted military population. By using qualitative methodologies including exploratory interviews and a focus group, the findings revealed four major themes on how service members described their transition experience: (a) perception that military leadership does not provide adequate support when transitioning and the need to become more self-directed in one’s own learning; (b) belief that the military TAP class is helpful but needs major changes to truly be effective; (c) description of a battle buddy or a family member as a positive influence in helping with the transition process; and (d) experiencing significant challenges with civilian employers when transitioning out of the military. An analysis of the findings led the researcher to conclude that transitioning veterans must become self-directed in their learning in order to transition successfully. Moreover, because they are at varying levels of being self-directed when they transition, additional guidance is needed from military leadership, family, and other veterans for the purpose of their development. The analysis also yielded a principal recommendation for military leadership to advocate for quality training programs that are specified from the separated enlisted population for what resources they need to assist with transition to the civilian sector. Additional recommendations were presented to transitioning service members on the importance of managing their own success and believing in their abilities to be resilient, valuable members of the civilian community.

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26

Braga, Stuart. "Making Impressions: The adaptation of a Portuguese family to Hong Kong, 1700-1950." Phd thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/10180.

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Many Portuguese families who left Macau in the mid-nineteenth century attempted to establish a new identity in the nearby and far more successful British colony of Hong Kong. They succeeded in doing this to a limited degree, the limitations being imposed on them chiefly by the constraints of British colonial policy and its social outworkings. Well before the occupation of Hong Kong in 1841, British merchants in Macau had developed contempt for the Portuguese administration of Macau which was transferred to the Portuguese community which established itself in Hong Kong between 1841 and the end of the nineteenth century. As these attitudes hardened, opportunities were denied to people whose abilities were well-recognised in their own community. Conspicuous among them were the Noronha and Braga families, some of whom did well, especially as printers and chemists. Other members of the Portuguese community in Hong Kong found themselves in a position of permanent inferiority in a British-dominated administrative and commercial system with rigid social and racial barriers. The prosperity of Hong Kong could not have developed and been maintained without the sustained reliability of a large group of people who came to be termed ‘the Portuguese clerk class’. Between 1900 and 1941, J.P. Braga, the scion of his family, built on his forebears’ attainments, becoming the leading member of the Portuguese community in Hong Kong, with a significant public career, despite the difficulties he encountered. Most of his children established themselves successfully in the 1920s and 1930s in a rapidly diversifying economy until the catastrophe of the Japanese Occupation forced them to flee to Macau as refugees. The resumption of British rule in 1945 brought about a rapid recovery in the fortunes of the colony and of the generation which succeeded J.P. Braga, who had died during the war. The long-term prospects of the Portuguese community continued to be bound up with those of British rule, which by the 1960s was being challenged. By the end of the twentieth century, the British had departed. So too had most of the Portuguese community, including the Braga family. Between the 1950s and 1970s, most emigrated to the Pacific Rim countries or Portugal and Brazil. Their presence in the Far East had proved to be transitory. Nevertheless they had a major presence in the region for well over a century. This thesis sets out to show how the Portuguese community in Hong Kong, having emigrated from Macau in search of better opportunities, struggled to find a foothold in a British-dominated community that placed it in a position of permanent inferiority. It posits that the role played by a few key families over several generations gradually began to make inroads into, but could never overcome this unstated but firmly maintained policy of racial superiority. It also compares the Portuguese community with several other non-Chinese groups, the Indians, Jews and Americans, during a period of rapid change after World War II which transformed the social and political landscape of Hong Kong.

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MacLean, Douglas. "The experience of transition : an analysis of the transition from the Australian Defence Forces to civilian life." Phd thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/110245.

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Change is a significant feature of modern day living, and how individuals adapt to change is itself a legitimate field of research. Where, however, the ostensible change is dramatic, the personal and economic costs of the failure to adapt can be especially high. This study investigates the factors which may impede or facilitate the duration and intensity of the transition to civilian life, made by a large number of men (N=962) who, after serving a minimum of six years (mean = 19.7 years), left the Australian Defence Forces during the years 1981, 1982 and 1983. Five areas or aspects of change within this transition were identified. These were the securing of congenial employment; the sorting out of finances and obtaining suitable accommodation; the settling of the family and the self into the civilian environment. Blocks of variables (factors) which were considered to have an effect, for better or for worse, on the transition were regressed separately on variables concerned with the duration of the transition in each of the five areas of change above, on the perceived intensity of the transition process, and on the degree of felt comfort in present work and civilian roles. These factors included (1) prior socialisation and residual socialisation effects; (2) intentional changes made contiguously with the transition and the impact of life events on individuals during the transition; (3) the potential of social support in ameliorating the effects of the transition; (4) physical and psychological health; (5) personality factors, including coping mechanisms, self esteem, self image and locus of control; and (6) work related variables. There was support for the hypotheses that suggested that too much change, whether volitional or as a result of life events prolonged and intensified the transition and reduced the degree of comfort in civilian life. Social support, contrary to expectations, was associated with a longer time to complete transition tasks and with an intensification of the transition process. The suggestion that social support acts as a buffer against stress was not accepted. Physical health variables played little role in affecting the course or the outcomes of the transition. It was shown that transitions are stressful, and that poor self esteem and poor self image are associated with higher levels of stress, a more prolonged and intense transition and decreased comfort in civilian roles. There were a number of barriers identified in facilitating the entry into civilian work. Major findings concluded that those respondents who missed the life in the armed forces, who perceived that the shift into civilian life incurred tremendous losses took a great deal longer to complete the transition, experienced the transition more acutely and found it difficult to be comfortable in civilian roles. Those respondents who believed t.'1.at the transition was out of their control, who were unable or failed to accept the challenges and opportunities offered by their transition experienced considerable problems in making the transition. A mere general model of transition is sketched out. The implications of the model, the limitations of the research, issues and directions of future research conclude the final chapter.

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