Дисертації з теми "Civil engineering, n.e.c"
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Lilley, Ian David. "Acid fermentation of primary sludge at 20v C." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8295.
Повний текст джерелаFull scale studies on biological excess phosphrous removal plants have demonstrated the biological excess phosphorous removal can be increased by acid fermenting the settled sludge in the primary settling tank, and adding either the fermented sludge, or the acids elutriated from the sludge, to the influent of the biological phosphorous removal plant. Considerable uncertainty still exists, however, as to the mass of short chain fatty acids that can be generated and the degree of improvement in phosphorous removal that can be expected. This study was undertaken to (1) evaluate short chain fatty acid production in laboratory scale batch, single and in-series completely mixed reactor systems, (2) development of a model for acid fermentation, and (3) theoretically estimate the effect of acid addition on biological excess phosphorous removal.
Vemulapati, Murali Krishna. "An extensible dynamic linker for C++." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35462.
Повний текст джерелаIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 54-55).
by Murali Krishna Vemulapati.
M.S.
Sinha, Sumit. "PARAMETER ESTIMATION AND AUTO-CALIBRATION FOR THE STREAM-C MODEL." MSSTATE, 2005. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-04082005-151129/.
Повний текст джерелаAppleton, Richard Joseph. "Corrosion fatigue of a C-Mn steel." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1985. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2176/.
Повний текст джерелаHe, Jiliang. "Silyhydrazines : chemistry and pyrolytic conversion to Si-N-C ceramic materials." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29044.
Повний текст джерелаPerkins, Eric David 1975. "Spatial reasoning for generalized N-body physics : discrete element algorithms." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80180.
Повний текст джерелаSpradbery, Charles. "The influence of thermal history on the hot ductility of Ti containing C Mn Al and C Mn Nb Al steels." Thesis, City University London, 2002. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/7595/.
Повний текст джерелаBester, Andre. "Risiko-gebaseerde besluitondersteuning in siviele ingenieurswese: 'n metodologiese benadering tot verbeterende inligtingversameling en benutting." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/15934.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT:Decisions affecting construction projects are often characterised by uncertainty. One of the sources of this uncertainty is the unit costs used in detail cost estimates. Analytical techniques are available to model these uncertainties, but information is required to quantify it. Historical data is the preferred source of information, but due to unavailability and unreliability it hampers the application of the analytical techniques. Changes in the construction environment necessitate the improvement of data sources and the utilisation thereof in a structured, comprehensive and integrated manner. The purpose of this study is to determine how decision-making can be improved by enhanced information capturing and usage of relevant data for improved cost calculations. This is achieved by investigating the various components of an information system, viz. dataflow, data source, data application, and shown how an integrated development of each of these components with processmodelling, database development and quantitative risk analysis can lead to improved decision-making. This is achieved by the conceptual redevelopment and development of information systems for decision support in two different construction environments, viz. road and dam construction, respectively. During the research it was found that processmodelling can contribute to the improvement of dataflow in the fragmented construction environment, but that shortcomings exist in the processmodelling tools. A method, based on set and graph theory, was developed to address it. It was also found that database development provides the opportunity to improve the quality of data stored in electronic format. A comprehensive database model to store all information relevant to construction costs, specifications and legal documents with the required error checking mechanisms was developed. The benefit of modelling the global uncertainty of project cost estimates with probabilistic techniques such as Monte Carlo simulation and the Limit State Cost Function, whilst including the effects of correlation, is also shown. The information gained from historical data-analysis, besides the application in the probabilistic techniques, was used to identify properties such as impact, variability and correlation. It was found in the study that a shortage of descriptive information, whether it be at project or item level, is predominately the source of variability in unit cost data after errors have been removed. In order to identify the information that would contribute to the lowering of variability a method was developed by using influence factors and unit cost correlation mechanisms to identify the most influential factors for data capturing. This led to the development of an ideal data-application model in which all the relevant data used in the different cost-estimation phases, viz. long term, conceptual and detail, would be captured and used. Based on what was found, a generic information system development model was proposed that indicated the interaction of all the aspects that were investigated. Two of the model’s foremost properties are its self-triggering process and incremental development (improvement). On top of this development model a development process was designed that can be used for the structured, comprehensive and integrated development/redevelopment of an information system for cost calculation.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING:Besluite in konstruksieprojekte word gereeld gekenmerk deur onsekerheid. Een van die bronne van onsekerheid is die eenheidtariewe wat tydens detailkosteberekeninge gebruik word. Analitiese tegnieke is beskikbaar om die onsekerhede te modelleer. Inligting word egter benodig om die onsekerhede mee te kwantifiseer. Die voorkeur bron van inligting is historiese data, maar weens onbeskikbaarheid en lae akkuraatheid daarvan striem dit die aanwending van die analitiese tegnieke. Veranderde omstandighede in die konstruksiebedryf noodsaak egter die verbetering van databronne en aanwending daarvan op ’n gestruktureerde, omvattende en geïntegreerde wyse. Die doel van hierdie studie is om te bepaal hoe besluitneming verbeter kan word deur inligtingversameling en benutting van relevante data vir konstruksiekosteberekeninge te verbeter. Dit word gedoen deur die onderskeie aspekte wat deel vorm van ’n inligtingstelsel, nl. die datavloei, datastoring en aanwending te ondersoek en te toon hoe geïntegreerde ontwikkeling van elk van hierdie aspekte met behulp van prosesmodellering, databasisontwikkeling en kwantitatiewe risiko-analise, ’n bydrae kan maak tot verbeterde besluitneming. Dit word gedoen deur twee verskillende omgewings, nl. padbou en dambou, as moontlike toepassingsomgewings te gebruik vir onderskeidelik die herontwikkeling en ontwikkeling van so ’n inligtingstelsel vir besluitneming. Tydens die ondersoeke is dit gevind dat prosesmodellering ’n waardevolle bydrae kan lewer tot die verbetering van datavloei in die gefragmenteerde konstruksie-omgewing, maar dat tekortkominge in die modelleringsprogramme bestaan. ’n Metode, gebaseer op versameling- en grafiekteorie, is ontwikkel om hierdie aspekte aan te spreek. Dit is ook gevind dat databasisontwikkeling die geleentheid bied om die kwaliteit van elektronies gestoorde databronne te verbeter. ’n Datamodel wat omvattend genoeg is om al die inligting wat met konstruksiekoste, spesifisering en regsdokumente verbandhou te stoor, is ontwikkel met die nodige fout-onderskeppingsmeganismes. Die nut van probabilistiese tegnieke soos Monte Carlo-simulasie en die Limietstaat Kostefunksie om die globale onsekerheid van projekte se kosteberamings te modelleer en die effek van korrelasie op die resultate in ag te neem, is ook getoon. Die inligting afkomstig van historiese data-ontleding, naas die aanwending in die probabilistiese tegnieke, is gebruik om die eienskappe soos impak, veranderlikheid en korrelasiemeganismes, te bepaal. Dit is in die studie gevind dat ’n tekort aan beskrywende inligting, hetsy op projek- of itemvlak, die oorwegende bron van veranderlikheid is nadat foutiewe data verwyder is. Om egter die beskrywende inligting te bepaal wat ’n bydrae kan maak tot die verlaging van hierdie veranderlikheid is ’n metode ontwikkel met behulp van invloedfaktore en eenheidtariefkorrelasiemeganismes om die mees omvangryke faktore te bepaal vir onderskepping. Dit het aanleiding gegee tot die ontwikkeling van ’n ideale data-aanwendingmodel waarin al die relevante inligting vir die verskillende fases van kosteberekening, nl. langtermyn, konseptueel en detail, onderskep en gebruik word. Gebaseer op dit wat gevind is, is ’n generiese inligtingstelsel ontwikkelingmodel voorgestel wat die interaksie van al die aspekte wat ondersoek is ten opsigte van mekaar toon. Twee van die hoofkenmerke van hierdie model is die selfvoerende proses en die inkrementele ontwikkeling van die stelsel. Op hierdie ontwikkelingmodel is ’n ontwikkelingproses gebou wat gebruik kan word vir die gestruktureerde, omvattende en geïntegreerde ontwikkeling/herontwikkeling van ’n inligtingstelsel vir kosteberekeninge.
McAvoy, Camille Z. "Palladium-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling reactions toward the synthesis of drug-like molecules." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73388.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. ).
The development of methodologies for C-N bond formation reactions is an important scientific challenge because of many academic and industrial applications. This work will focus particularly on palladium-catalyzed cross-couplings of amine-containing compounds with aryl halides. The scope of the BrettPhos precatalyst for the cross-coupling of ortho-substituted aryl iodides with amides is studied using substrates with a variety of functional groups. Due to potential metal-chelating issues with some of the substrates used in this study, a proposed ligand synthesis is discussed in which one of the methoxy groups of BrettPhos is replaced with a morpholine capable of occupying palladium's open coordination site during its catalytic cycle. A final C-N bond formation study focuses on the cross-coupling of aryl halides with amidine salts. For this cross-coupling, a methodology has been developed that can be applied to various electron-rich, electron-poor, and electron-neutral substrates. Furthermore, the products of this cross-coupling can be used for a subsequent electrocyclization through a reaction with aldehyde, demonstrating that a relatively simple two-pot methodology can be used to make relatively complex substrates with pharmaceutical applications. Both amides and amidines are common moieties in drug-like molecules because of the various biological activities of these functional groups. Potential medicinal applications of the developed cross-coupling of amidine salts with aryl halides methodology are described. Thus, methodologies for various palladium-catalyzed, C-N cross-couplings as well as a potential ligand synthesis to be used for palladium catalysis are herein discussed.
by Camille Z. McAvoy.
S.B.
Tamtsia, Tamboue Basile-Honore. "The role of C-S-H microstructure and calcium hydroxide on creep and shrinkage of hardened portland cement paste." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6087.
Повний текст джерелаHoey, Thomas Michael. "Evaluation of high temperature performance of the Co-Cr-C coated P92 steel." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/39989/.
Повний текст джерелаPardo, Linda Hildegarde 1962. "Natural abundance of ¹⁵N as a tool for assessing patterns of nitrogen loss from forest ecosystems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9311.
Повний текст джерелаIncludes bibliographical references.
Stable isotopes provide an integrated measure of the nitrogen cycling history of a site. Among ecosystems with contrasting nitrate loss patterns, the [delta]15 N of soil and plant material should be higher at sites with higher nitrate losses. An underlying assumption in natural abundance isotope studies is that soil [delta]15 N is at steady-state over time. I found that [delta]15 N was not at steady state in either the Oie or Oa horizon for the period 1969 t[delta]1992 for the reference watershed (W6) at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF); when nitrate losses were high, [delta]15 N increased. I measured the [delta]15N of soils from 28 soil pits at Watershed 5 at the HBEF before and after clear-cutting in order t[delta]test the hypothesis that elevated nitrification and nitrate loss induced by clear-cutting would be associated with a concurrent increase in soil [delta]15 N. A mass-balance model confirmed that increases in nitrification and nitrate loss after clear-cutting could explain the increase in soil [delta]15N (l .6%0 in the Oie horizon and 1. 1 o/o[delta]in the Oa horizon) in the organic horizons after 3 years. I tested the hypotheses: (1) that foliar [delta]15 N will be higher in a clear-cut watershed than in a reference watershed due t[delta]elevated nitrification and nitrate loss; and (2) that foliar [delta]1 5 N in a clear-cut watershed will track the rapid changes in streamwater nitrate after clear-cutting. Increased foliar [delta]15 N coincided with increased streamwater nitrate concentration, suggesting that the increased nitrification that caused elevated streamwater nitrate concentration als[delta]caused enrichment of the plant-available ammonium pool. Finally, I tested the hypotheses: (1) that [delta]15 N in soil and litter increases across a spatial gradient of nitrate loss, and (2) that [delta]15 N in soil and litter are elevated when nitrification potential is elevated. The enrichment factor, defined as [delta]15 N1foliar - [delta]15Nbs is a method of comparing [delta]15 N values from different sites by normalizing for the spatial heterogeneity in mineral soil [delta]15 N values. When net nitrification potential was high, the enrichment factor was higher, when nitrification potential was low, the enrichment factor was lower. The enrichment factor may prove valuable for comparing sites with different nitrogen cycling patterns.
by Linda Hildegarde Prado.
Ph.D.
Camardo, Andrew T. "C-JUN N-TERMINAL KINASE INHIBITORY NANOTHERAPEUTICS FOR REGENERATIVE ELASTIC MATRIX REPAIR IN ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSMS." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1499868307678719.
Повний текст джерелаSutar, Ajit Kumar 1976. "A web based integrated global project management system for large scale A/E/C/ projects." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9128.
Повний текст джерелаIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 79-81).
The globalization of architecture, engineering and construction (A/E/C) industry has added new dimensions to project management. A wide spectrum of tools and software are used by project managers to manage these geographically distributed projects. PC or LAN based project management software is already widespread and popular in A/E/C industry. However, the access to the software is limited to the LAN and the server where they reside, and to use the software, project managers have to undergo extensive training. Current practice in collecting latest progress data for updating schedule is time consuming, and it is difficult to communicate this information to all the participants involved, especially if they are in different companies and located in different countries. The goal of this thesis is to develop an Integrated Web based Global Project Management System (IGPMS). IGPMS provides a web based graphical user interface that allows project managers to view and update the projects online. IGPMS provides project managers with web-based analysis and reporting tool for the project schedules. IGPMS also integrates the different information systems used for project management through software interoperability and provides a "common language" for product, process and resource information. IGPMS also introduces the concept of a web based project repository where project managers can submit a new project to the server and instantly view, update and analyze the project schedule through a web browser.
by Ajit Kumar Sutar.
S.M.
Shi, Zhangsheng. "Strain engineering of Co-N-C catalyst toward enhancing the HER and ORR electrocatalytic activities." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/207078/8/Zhangsheng_Shi_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаDong, Jin Xiang 1961. "Effect of silicon on the kinetics of Nb(C,N) precipitation during the hot working of steels." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31048.
Повний текст джерелаIt was found that the rate of Nb(C,N) precipitation in hot deformed austenite increases with Si concentration. This phenomenon is attributed to the increases in both the Nb diffusivity and the activities of C and N that result from Si addition. Based on the Dutta and Sellars model, an expression for the effect of strain rate on the precipitation start time has been proposed. The present experimental results can then be extrapolated to mill conditions.
Galenianou, Olympia. "Effects of adding wash tower effluent to Ano Liossia landfill to enhance bioreaction c by Olympia Galenianou." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34599.
Повний текст джерелаIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 39-40).
A theoretical study was performed on the effects of adding sulfate-rich wash tower effluent from the Athens hospital waste incinerator to the Ano Liossia landfill of Athens. The method of mass balance was used to examine the production of leachate, the generation of methane, and the reduction of sulfates into sulfides. The water mass balance was performed using the method of Thornthwaite and the result indicated that the leachate collection facility at Ano Liossia landfill would be able to handle the additional leachate. The hydrocarbon-methane mass balance was performed using the EPA's LandGEM model which is based on first-order decomposition of the waste. A 26% difference between the generation of methane in a conventional landfill and a bioreactor landfill was predicted. Finally, a first-order model was developed by analogy to the LandGEM model to study the reduction reaction of sulfates into sulfides. The amount of hydrogen sulfide produced from solid waste disposed in the landfill dominated the amount of hydrogen sulfide produced from the additional wastewater.
M.Eng.
Milhoranza, Mari?ngela Guerreiro. "As reformas do c?digo de processo civil e o direito intertemporal : rela??es entre tempo e direito (lei n? 8.455/1992 at? a lei n? 11.341/2006)." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2007. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/4011.
Повний текст джерелаA disserta??o tem por objetivo o exame das quest?es sobre Tempo e Direito no processo civil brasileiro. Para tanto, a pesquisa foi desenvolvida em tr?s cap?tulos. No primeiro cap?tulo, ? esbo?ada uma an?lise conceitual de Tempo, na perspectiva de fil?sofos como Santo Agostinho, Leibniz, Kant, Hegel, Heidegger. Ao t?rmino do primeiro cap?tulo, examinamos o conceito de conflito de leis no tempo e sua forma??o no direito brasileiro. Depois, no segundo cap?tulo, intentamos a an?lise dos efeitos produzidos na tens?o entre Tempo e Direito nas primeiras tr?s ondas de reformas do C?digo de Processo Civil. Na conclus?o clarificamos pontos de controv?rsia na pesquisa realizada
Beşoğul, Ercan Supervisor :. Dikmen Toker İrem. "Reasons of delays in steel construction projects : an application of a delay analysis methodology \h [Electronic resource] / \c Ercan Beşoğul, Supervisor Assoc. Prof. Dr. İrem Dikmen Toker." Ankara : METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607159/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаConstantinides, Georgios 1978. "Invariant mechanical properties of calcium-silicate-hydrates (C-H-S) in cement-based materials : instrumented nanoindentation and microporomechanical modeling." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34377.
Повний текст джерелаIncludes bibliographical references (p. 455-478).
Random porous solids such as bone and geomaterials exhibit a multiphase composite nature, characterized by water-filled pores of nm- to m-scale diameter. The natural synthesis and operating environments of such materials significantly alters phase composition and multiscale structural heterogeneities throughout the material lifetime, defining significant changes in macroscopic mechanical performance for applications ranging from multispan bridges to calcium-phosphate bone replacement cements. However, the nanoscale phases formed within the unique chemical environment of pores cannot be recapitulated ex situ in bulk form, and imaging of the composite microstructure is obfuscated by the size, environmental fragility, and nonconductive nature of such geomaterials and natural composites. Thus, there is an increasing drive to develop new approaches to image, quantify the mechanical contributions of, and understand the chemomechanical coupling of distinct phases in such composites. In this thesis, we utilize recent advances in experimentation namely instrumented indentation, and micromechanical modeling namely homogenization techniques, in an attempt to quantify the mutli-phase, multi-scale heterogeneity observed in all cement-based materials. We report a systematic framework for mechanically enabled imaging, measuring and modeling of structural evolution for cement based materials (CBM), porous geocomposites, at length scales on the order of constituent phase diameters (10-8 - 10-6 m), and thus identify two structurally distinct but compositionally similar phases heretofore hypothesized to exist.
(cont.) The presented experimental and modeling results culminated in micromechanical models for elasticity and strength that can predict the macroscopic mechanical behavior for a range of CBM systems. The models directly correlate the changes in chemical and mechanical state to predict the experimentally observed range of macroscopic mechanical properties. This general framework is equally applicable to other man-made and natural composites, and enables accurate prediction of natural composite microstructure and mechanical performance directly from knowledge of material composition.
by Georgios Constantinides
Ph.D.
Nelson, Kyle Jeffery. "Formation of haloacetic acids and N-nitrosodimethylamine via the chlorination of carbon nanotubes." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1708.
Повний текст джерелаAllen, Tyler G. "A Study of the Variability Versus the Assumed Constancy of Manning's n." DigitalCommons@USU, 2014. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2802.
Повний текст джерелаSvensson, Vilhelm, and Fredrik Tobler. "Utvärdering av olika metoder för stationsetablering med n-RTK." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Samhällsbyggnad, GIS, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-27033.
Повний текст джерелаFree station set up with network-RTK (n-RTK) is a method of establishing a total station over an unknown point without having access to any known points. This allows for accurate surveying even though control points are missing. There are different ways to perform free station set up with n-RTK, and in this study, four different methods were evaluated. The difference between the methods is how the target points are determined. The methods evaluated were RUFRIS (real time updated free station) with 15 and 3 target points, double measurement and the 180seconds method. With RUFRIS, each target point was measured with a 5 s observation time. In double measurement, three target points were used, where each target point was the average of two measurements. Each of these measurements used a 5 s observation time, and a 30 minute separation between the measurements. The number of target points in the 180-seconds method were also three, measured with an observation time of 180 s. The methods are briefly mentioned in HMK – GNSS-baserad detaljmätning 2017 and another purpose of the study was to evaluate the description of them in that document. With each method, ten establishments were performed and after each of them a detail point was surveyed to also analyze how accurate the different methods were in surveying. The methods were evaluated by comparing uncertainties, RMS and user-friendliness for establishments and detail points, between the respective methods. The uncertainties were on one hand based on the deviation of the ten establishments/detail points per method, each one made over the same point, and on the other hand based on the uncertainties presented by the instrument after each establishment. For calculation of RMS, reference points were used, which were measured by static GNSS, and then postprocessed in SWEPOS Beräkningstjänst. In addition to comparisons between the methods, they were also tested to see if they reached sufficiently low uncertainties to meet the recommended tolerances for free stationing, stated in HMK – Terrester detaljmätning 2017. Calculated planar uncertainties, all methods included, ranged from 3 to 6 mm for both the total station and the detail point, which means that all methods can handle the higher tolerances in HMK. The method with the lowest uncertainty and RMS was RUFRIS with 15 target points, which was also low enough to be able to cope with the lower tolerances. The uncertainties of the heights varied from 3 to 8 mm, in which RUFRIS with 15 target points was the only method precise enough to pass the higher tolerances. Another method with lower uncertainty is required when the higher tolerances for heights is specified. The chosen method for determining the reference points turned out to be too uncertain relative to the evaluated methods. Therefore RMS were not as appropriate for comparisons as planned.
Skinner, Shaun N. "Study of a C-wing configuration for passive drag and load alleviation." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/30778/.
Повний текст джерелаMangin, Steven F. "Development of an Equation Independent of Manning's Coefficient n for Depth Prediction in Partially-Filled Circular Culverts." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1284488143.
Повний текст джерелаHeukamp, Franz H. (Franz Hoyte) 1973. "Chemomechanics of calcium leaching of cement-based materials at different scales : the role of CH-dissolution and C-S-H degradation on strength and durability performance of materials and structures." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29282.
Повний текст джерелаIncludes bibliographical references (p. 327-341).
Calcium leaching is a durability threat for cement-based materials employed in critical infrastructures, such as Nuclear Waste Storage Systems. This thesis presents a comprehensive study of the material and structural consequences of calcium leaching on the strength and deformation behavior of cementitious materials. Starting from a three-level microstructural division of the heterogeneous microstructure of cement-based materials, a series of experimental and theoretical investigations is conducted leading to the development of a novel constitutive model and model-based simulations of the long-term mechanical performance of concrete structures subjected to calcium leaching. A chemically accelerated leaching device is developed using an ammonium nitrate solution to obtain asymptotically leached specimens in short times. An acceleration rate of 300 compared to natural leaching is obtained. The strength domain of leached cement pastes and mortars is evaluated through triaxial compression tests and uniaxial tension tests, revealing an important strength loss and an increased pressure sensitivity of the materials at failure, associated with leaching. A micromechanical approach for the homogenization of the elastic properties and the strength properties based on the three microstructural levels is developed. These developments allow estimating the relations between the microstructural changes and poroelastic properties including Biot-coefficient and Biot-modulus. In addition, upscaling schemes for the cohesion and friction properties on different levels of cement-based materials are developed.
(cont.) Through this the influence of the Interfacial Transition Zone on the strength of intact and leached materials is evaluated. The micromechanical elements of the analysis are combined in a chemoporoplastic constitutive model. The porosity created by calcium dissolution (chemical porosity) is identified as a state variable, relating dissolution process and mechanical properties. The model is implemented in a commercial finite-element program, and model-based simulations show the predictive capability of the developed approach to improve the durability design of concrete structures subjected to calcium leaching.
by Franz H. Heukamp.
Ph.D .
Nichols, Gilbert. "Statistical Models of I-15 Bridge C-846: Changes in Natural Frequencies due to Temperature." DigitalCommons@USU, 2017. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5260.
Повний текст джерелаBejarano, Roberto Villa. "An Investigation Into| I) Active Flow Control for Cold-Start Performance Enhancement of a Pump-Assisted, Capillary-Driven, Two-Phase Cooling Loop II) Surface Tension of n-Pentanol + Water, a Self-Rewetting Working Fluid, From 25 ?C to 85 ?C." Thesis, University of Nevada, Reno, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1565813.
Повний текст джерелаCold-start performance enhancement of a pump-assisted, capillary-driven, two-phase cooling loop was attained using proportional integral and fuzzy logic controls to manage the boiling condition inside the evaporator. The surface tension of aqueous solutions of n-Pentanol, a self-rewetting fluid, was also investigated for enhancing heat transfer performance of capillary driven (passive) thermal devices was also studied. A proportional-integral control algorithm was used to regulate the boiling condition (from pool boiling to thin-film boiling) and backpressure in the evaporator during cold-start and low heat input conditions. Active flow control improved the thermal resistance at low heat inputs by 50% compared to the baseline (constant flow rate) case, while realizing a total pumping power savings of 56%. Temperature overshoot at start-up was mitigated combining fuzzy-logic with a proportional-integral controller. A constant evaporator surface temperature of 60°C with a variation of ±8°C during start-up was attained with evaporator thermal resistances as low as 0.10 cm2–K/W. The surface tension of aqueous solutions of n-Pentanol, a self-rewetting working fluid, as a function of concentration and temperature were also investigated. Self-rewetting working fluids are promising in two-phase heat transfer applications because they have the ability to passively drive additional working fluid towards the heated surface; thereby increasing the dryout limitations of the thermal device. Very little data is available in literature regarding the surface tension of these fluids due to the complexity involved in fluid handling, heating, and experimentation. Careful experiments were performed to investigate the surface tension of n-Pentanol + water. The concentration and temperature range investigated were from 0.25%wt. to1.8%wt and 25°C to 85°C, respectively.
Sellgren, Felicia. "Gröna kvarter : En fallstudie om ekosystemtjänster för kvartersupprustning i Björkhagen." Thesis, KTH, Strategiska hållbarhetsstudier, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-215689.
Повний текст джерелаLevens, Kurt Antony 1961. "Lighting a building with a single bulb : toward a system for illumination in the 21st c.; or, A centralized illumination system for the efficient decoupling and recovery of lighting related heat." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68340.
Повний текст джерелаIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 227-229).
Piping light represents the first tenable method for recovery and reutilization of lighting related heat. It can do this by preserving the energy generated at the lamp as radiative, departing from precedent and avoiding absorption of and re-emission of radiant heat as convection and conduction. Within thermodynamic limits, the radiant heat generated by an electric lamp or the sun is available for optical concentration and for reconstitution as a high thermodynamic quality power reservoir. Piping light from a large central lamp facilitates the decoupling of lighting related heat at the source, and also means that the efficiency of one central fixture can be stringently optimized instead of the multitude of fixtures it replaces in buildings. Luminous efficacy for a full-spectrum lamp decoupled of its infrared can be shown to approach theoretical limits of 250 lumens/watt. UV generated by the lamp, if coupled along with the illumination into the transport fibers, can be converted into visible radiation at the emitting end of the fiber, supplementing the light output. Fiber optics are used to carry information over long distances (actually encoded pulses of radiative IR), but certain fiber optics can carry tremendous amounts of energy. As fiber optics become more and more plentiful in telecommunications, their prices will come down. Cost and operating expense studies included in the final chapter of this thesis indicate that a large single source with light that is efficiently coupled and piped throughout a building's interior could reduce electric light consumption to one-fourth, and that even at current fiber pricing levels some systems can be competitive in initial cost to conventional lighting. Certain aspects of centralization suggest further reductions in cost and operating expenses such as centralized, instead of localized, relamping and cleaning, and eliminated requirements for thermal, electrical, and structural hardware at room fixture locations. The economic and technical feasibility of a central system depends on the simultaneous minimization of fiber aperture area and energy losses. Thermodynamically, the concentration of light for transport cannot surpass the energy density of the source. So such a system employs, at best, an optical process that preserves the extent of the source. That is, a high brightness source must be used to drive the system, regardless of the lamp's lumen output. High brightness lamps, then, can be viewed as an alternative to high efficacy lamps for increasing the energy performance of lighting systems in buildings. This thesis anticipates the existence of high brightness, high lumen lamps. The sun's 10,000 footcandles in peak conditions can be a potent contributor to the energy efficacy of buildings if a collection and utilization strategy is properly devised. At 100 sq. ft of available illumination for each sq. ft of collected sunlight, a scenario including simultaneous collection and distribution of electric light and heat and sunlight and solar heat in a building could reduce to near zero the energy consumed for lighting during peak sun conditions. Studies in this thesis indicate that an economically driven future role of solar energy in the lighting, heating, and cooling of buildings could very well revolve around keeping sunlight in the form of illumination and sunheat in the form of radiative heat, instead of converting both into electricity via photovoltaics and reconversion of this electricity back into electric light. Conventional lighting is an inefficient process, essentially using heat sources for the light they provide. Not only is lighting related electricity generating predominantly waste heat, this heat must be removed from the building's envelope by an additional input of energy. Even energy saving fluorescent lamps and fixtures produce at least 80% heat. This might serve to explain why 30% of the country's electricity is consumed by lighting. This thesis proposes a method for decoupling and recovery of lighting related heat, and transporting light in lieu of electricity to lighting fixtures (Chapters 2 and 6). Each of the optical components that would comprise such a system is examined. Chapter 7 investigates the radiation source. Chapter 8 develops the source reflector which will direct the source's radiative output in a particular direction. Chapter 9 studies a mirror that will separate the source's radiation beam into a light beam and a heat beam for subsequent processing. Chapter 10 looks at the heat collector that will convert the heat beam into a usable high-temperature power reservoir. Chapter 11 devises the light collector/ concentrator that will facilitate coupling of light energy into a fiber optic transport network. Chapter 12 assembles the constituent components into central modules. Chapter 5 surveys the light transport media, in particular fiber optics and Prism Optical Light Guide, for suitability to building lighting applications. The exact method of solar couplature is not introduced. Sample energy efficiency comparisons, cost and payback scenarios, implementation issues and concepts for room emitters are included in chapter 13. Related concepts for a transparent concentrating solar collector for use as a window or skylight, and a solar concentrating wall are disclosed in the conclusory chapter. Material included in this thesis has been patented by MIT. The usage of such material for any commercial means requires a licensing agreement.
by Kurt Antony Levens.
S.M.
Rahil, Issam. "Elaboration et caractérisation de revêtements à base de nitrure de chrome, carbonitrure et carbure de titane élaborés par pulvérisation magnétron." Phd thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure d'arts et métiers - ENSAM, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00967251.
Повний текст джерелаViafore, Daniele. "As a??es repetitivas no direito brasileiro e a proposta de um incidente de resolu??o de demandas repetitivas no projeto de lei n? 8.046/2010." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2012. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/4196.
Повний текст джерелаThis work analyses the repetitive actions in brazilian law and a proposal of an incident of repetitive demands resolution, provided for the articles 930 to 941 of the new Civil Procedure Code Law project 8.046/2010, currently under discussion at the Chamber of Deputies. The economy of scale and speed of the commercial transactions through modern communications means made at the judiciary numbers high level of identical individual process. The lawsuit has suffered changes both quantitative, and qualitative. Forensic practice has detected real violations to the principle of due process in the treatment of repetitive actions, once the judiciary has proved inefficient for provide the judicial protection of effective form. Considering the majority of actions brought to the judiciary are repetitive, in which are discussion of questions of identical rights, so several procedural reforms and mechanisms of filters in order to reduce the volume of processes and resources, give speed in its processing and avoid the development of processes that have already been thoroughly valued by the Judiciary. However, it appears that the procedural reforms have not been sufficient to counteract the gloom. So, the Federal Senate opted for preparation of a new Code of Civil Procedure. With this intention and aiming to confer greater rationality judicial and reconcile vertically judicial decisions, it is proposed an incident resolution demand of repetitive. The proposal is to establish decision-paradigm with content of standard general and abstract spanning identical question of rights, whose implementation by judicial bodies competent is compulsory. The society is anxious for a procedural system that guarantees justice with efficiency and speed. In the current situation experienced by the Judiciary, the proposal of an incident of resolution of repetitive demands seems to be an instrument to print more uniformity and better rationality in judicial activity. The jurisdiction will not make it possible for the maintenance of different solutions to similar cases, which foster increased delay procedural and legal uncertainty. However, observing the extraprocedural factors that also contribute to the delay in the solution of legal disputes, such initiative can be taken as a contribution to the improvement in the performance of the judicial sector
Este trabalho tem por finalidade analisar as a??es repetitivas no Direito brasileiro e a proposta de um incidente de resolu??o de demandas repetitivas, prevista nos artigos 930 a 941 do Projeto de novo C?digo de Processo Civil - Projeto de Lei n? 8.046/2010, atualmente em tr?mite na C?mara dos Deputados. A economia de escala e a velocidade das transa??es comerciais, atrav?s dos meios de comunica??o modernos, produziram no Judici?rio n?meros elevados de lides individuais id?nticas. Os lit?gios sofreram mudan?as tanto quantitativas, quanto qualitativas. A pr?tica forense tem detectado verdadeiras viola??es ao princ?pio do devido processo legal no tratamento das a??es repetitivas, uma vez que o aparato judicial tem se revelado ineficiente para prestar a tutela jurisdicional de forma efetiva. Considerando-se que a maioria das a??es trazidas ao Judici?rio s?o repetitivas, em que se discutem quest?es de direito id?nticas, surgem, assim, diversas reformas processuais e mecanismos de filtros a fim de reduzir o volume de processos e recursos, conferir celeridade no seu processamento e evitar o desenvolvimento de processos que j? tenham sido, de forma exaustiva, apreciados pelo Judici?rio. Contudo, verifica-se que as reformas processuais n?o t?m sido suficientes para combater a morosidade. A par disso, o Senado Federal optou pela elabora??o de um novo C?digo de Processo Civil. Neste intento, visando conferir maior racionalidade judici?ria e compatibilizar verticalmente as decis?es judiciais, prop?e-se um incidente de resolu??o de demandas repetitivas. A proposta consiste em estabelecer decis?o-paradigma com conte?do de norma geral e abstrata abarcando id?ntica quest?o de direito, cuja aplica??o pelos ?rg?os judici?rios competentes revela-se compuls?ria. A sociedade anseia por um sistema processual que garanta a justi?a com efici?ncia e celeridade. Na atual conjuntura experimentada pelo Poder Judici?rio, a proposta de um incidente de resolu??o de demandas repetitivas parece constituir s?rio instrumento para imprimir maior uniformidade e melhor racionalidade na atividade jurisdicional. A jurisdi??o n?o se viabiliza pela manuten??o de solu??es diferentes para casos id?nticos, as quais ensejam maior delonga processual e inseguran?a jur?dica. Entretanto, atentando-se aos fatores extraprocessuais, que tamb?m contribuem para a demora na solu??o dos lit?gios judiciais, tal iniciativa pode ser tida como uma contribui??o para a melhoria do desempenho do setor judici?rio
Morosini, Daniel. "Förväntad mätosäkerhet vid realtidsuppdaterad fri stationsetablering : En jämförelsestudie av olika fabrikat." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Samhällsbyggnad, GIS, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-25453.
Повний текст джерелаNinfa, Alessandro. "Experimental analysis on the use of CCC systems to analyze the in-situ bearing capacity of C&D materials." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6057/.
Повний текст джерелаJohnson, Matthew H. "Analysis, design and fabrication of a frangible tower for use with sideband reference glide slope systems." Ohio : Ohio University, 1996. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1178308139.
Повний текст джерелаCass, Roger. "A General Three Dimensional All Quadrilateral Surface Mesh Generation Algorithm." BYU ScholarsArchive, 1992. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3459.
Повний текст джерелаGelčys, Jurgis. "Gaisro temperatūrų poveikis apvalkalu sustiprintoms gelžbetoninėms konstrukcijoms." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080627_083925-21078.
Повний текст джерелаThis master thesis considers effect of fire temperatures on reinforced concrete structures. Parameters and mathematical characteristics of standard and natural fire, also objectives and methods of fire engineering is given. Mechanical, physical – chemical properties and behaviour of concrete and reinforcement separately and as composite structure analysed. Details and assumptions of simple calculation model stated. Principles of zone method (method of slices) and 500 °C izotherm (reduced section method) discussed. Two empirical methods examined for calculation of temperatures and heat rise in concrete element, presentation and examples is given. Design of reinforced concrete elements using tabulated data showned. Two – storey building designed using structural design and analysis software STAAD Pro. Building model is portrayed to obtain realistic loads on estimated elements. Calculations of fire resistance performed with three columns differently affected by temperature load. Fire design and analysis performed applying and comparing temperature fields received by calculation using empirical methods and charts given in EN 1992-1-2. Parallel analysis aplied on reinforced concrete columns strengthened with casing. Structure: introduction, literature review, research part, conclusions and suggestions, references. Thesis consist of: 96 p. text without appendixes, 84 pictures, 14 tables, 28 bibliographical entries.
Johansson, Gutstav, and Rickard Johansson. "UTTORKNING AV HÅLDÄCKSELEMENT - En studie som jämför uttorkningsmöjligheterna för olika betongblandningar." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-74910.
Повний текст джерелаHollow-deck joists are an advantageous flooring alternative because of its many advantages such as reduced weight and rapid assembly. However, among other things, short construction times have meant that concrete mixes with low w/c ratio and high proportion of cement have been requested by Strängbetongs customers in order to reduce the risk of moisture problems, when a rapid drying out pursued. With an increasingly stringent and ambitious environmental goal, a need to reduce the proportion of cement has arisen. With a reduced amount of cement, the w/c ratio of the concrete increases, which leads to a more environmentally friendly production, while at the same time an economic gain is obtained. The purpose of the study is therefore to investigate whether different concrete mixes with a higher w/c ratio can replace the current concrete mix and at the same time meet existing drying requirements. This would mean benefits for both the producers and orderers. The concrete that has been investigated in the investigation is of a soil-moist nature and is only intended for hole-deck production. The drying process that is studied corresponds to the dehydration from production to assembly. Four different concrete mixes divided into twelve cubes will be investigated in three different climates and only dehydration differences between the cubes will be compared. The survey is based on measurement data that are based on measurements performed by an authorized moisture consultant at Rådet för byggkompetens, RBK. The concrete recipes in the investigation have been developed by Cementa. Literature studies are also used to substantiate claims and supporting documents that appear in the report. The results from the study show that the cubes stored in the indoor climate and in the climate room have a linear dehydration development, unlike the cubes located in the outdoor climate that has a nonlinear dehydration development. In the indoor climate and in the climate room, the cubes with higher w/c ratio have dried out more than the concrete mixtures with lower w/c ratio (0,40 and 0,45), however, the difference in dehydration is minimal in the cubes that have been stored outdoors. The established conclusion in the study is that more in-depth and longer measurement studies are needed to ensure how concrete dehydration changes at a later stage of the drying process.
Shohel, Muhammad Shah Newaz. "Panting Fatigue of Welded Steel Tee Details." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1428328220.
Повний текст джерелаUpadhyaya, Ashraya. "Nitrogen Doped Titanium Dioxide in the Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2018. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/honors_theses/120.
Повний текст джерелаBeck, Lisa Elanna. "Diffusivity and resistance to deterioration from freezing and thawing of binary and ternary concrete mixture blends." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8784.
Повний текст джерелаDepartment of Civil Engineering
Kyle Riding
Corrosion of reinforcing steel is one of the most common and serious causes of reinforced concrete deterioration. While corrosion is normally inhibited by a passive layer that develops around the reinforcing steel due to the high pH environment of the surrounding concrete, chlorides will break down this protective layer, leading to reinforcement corrosion. Decreasing the diffusivity of the concrete would slow the ingress of chlorides into concrete, and is one of the most economical ways to increase the concrete service life. Optimized concrete mixtures blending portland cement and supplementary cementing materials (SCMs) have become popular throughout the construction industry as a method of improving both fresh and long-term concrete properties such as workability, strength and porosity. It has been shown that use of Class F fly ash, silica fume and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) in binary concrete mixture blends can result in a significant reduction in concrete diffusivity. This study investigates the ability of Class C fly ash and ternary concrete mixture blends to also aid in diffusivity reduction. In order to study the effect of incorporation of SCMs into concrete, mixtures containing Class C and Class F fly ash, silica fume and GGBFS were tested following the ASTM C 1556 procedures to measure the concrete’s apparent chloride diffusivity. Structure life cycles were modeled using the measured apparent chloride diffusivities with two finite-difference based life-cycle analysis software packages. To determine whether a correlation between diffusivity and deterioration due to freezing and thawing exists, samples were also tested for their ability to resist deterioration from freezing and thawing cycles using a modified ASTM C 666 Procedure B test. Results show that the use of Class C fly ash yields some service life improvements as compared to the portland cement control mixtures, while ternary mixture blends performed significantly better than the control mixture and equal to or better than the binary SCM mixtures tested. Freeze-thaw tests showed all mixtures to be equally resistant to deterioration due to freezing and thawing.
Matheus, Antonio Carlos Motta. "Modelo de gerenciamento de resíduos de construção civil utilizando o Balanced Scorecard (BSC): contribuições para uma efetiva prática." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7748.
Повний текст джерелаIdri, Amanda C. "Development of a Correlation Equation Between Shear Wave Values And NSPT Values in Northeastern Ohio." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1574441753941474.
Повний текст джерелаDowd, Garrett E. "Improving Autonomous Vehicle Safety using Communicationsand Unmanned Aerial Vehicles." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1574861007798385.
Повний текст джерелаNasanen, Liisa Maria Elina. "Stabilisation of archaeological copper alloy artefacts using subcritical fluid technology." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2018. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/114466/.
Повний текст джерелаPersson, Herman, and Alexandru Zamfir. "Uttorkning av betong i nyproduktion." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggteknik (BY), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-97204.
Повний текст джерелаIn the recent years, the manufacturing of concrete has undergone a change to make theprocesses and the material more environmentally friendly. This is accompanied by thefact that concrete is one of the most important building materials in the world. This islargely because concrete as a material is moisture resistant, does not mold and is highlyformable.The United Nations mentions 17 global goals whose mission is to promote sustainabilityin the future whereas the ninth one states that “Build resilient infrastructure, promoteinclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation”. This leads to the factthat it needs to take in consideration the manufacturing of concrete and its components.The purpose of this research is to show strengths and weaknesses in prediction tools forconcretes drying time by comparison with data from many measuring points. Besidesthat, the aim is to compare statistics of practical measurements, which were issued byConservator AB, with each other and with other three most commonly used programs inforecasting the drying time for concrete, i.e. TorkaS, BI-Dry and PPB.From the building sections that were researched, TorkaS gave the highest accuracy inforecasting the drying time and then followed very closely by PPB. In addition, BI-Drydid not meet the expected requirements on some of the building sections. Besides that, thestudy has shown that the drying time of concrete in new production is most influenced bythe drying climate and the thickness of the compound.
Soboh, Yousef. "Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Algal Biomass and a Supplemental Carbon Source Material to Produce Methane." DigitalCommons@USU, 2015. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4485.
Повний текст джерелаRamalho, Breno Da Silva. "Licenciamento ambiental em áreas militares: proposta de método para a conformidade ambiental de um posto de abastecimento de combustível." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2947.
Повний текст джерелаThe Brazilian Army has among its attributions the permanent preparation of its troops, aiming at its operational improvement, ready employment and responsible use of the environment under its responsibility. Complementary Law No. 140/2011, assigned to the Armed Forces the exemption of the environmental licensing of undertakings and activities that involve the preparation and employment of the troops. In this way, the need arises to elaborate procedures that reconcile military activity with environmental compliance. Through a case study, this research analyzed, described and criticized the procedures performed by the environmental agencies, necessary for the environmental licensing for a fuel supply station of automotive vehicles. A method was proposed to be applied by the Brazilian Army's Environment Directorate to verify the environmental compliance of its future projects. The proposed method is divided into two phases, the first licensing call for Phase 1, and the second, for Phase 2 licensing, with the expected Phase 2 renewal. Forms have been created for each phase of the licensing, as well as inspection scripts for storage tanks and pipelines. As a result of the application of the method, it was proposed a draft Normative Instruction, which if adopted will standardize the environmental compliance for that activity within the Brazilian Army. When analyzing the administrative processes within the Brazilian Army it can be concluded that there are no specific procedures that deal with the environmental licensing of a fuel supply station in an administrative or technical way. It was concluded that 58% of the items could be deleted, without prejudice to the licensing rite. The advantages of applying the method can be perceived as: the saving of time and financial resources resulting from the increased speed of the proposed rite compared to traditional licensing, environmental compliance of the supply activity within the scope of military activity and, from the administrative point of view , the standardization of environmental licensing. As a disadvantage, it can be concluded that self-certification may lead to deviations of conduct in the institutional interest, which may lead to environmental non-compliance, as desired by the method, such administrative failures must be verified and countered by effective oversight by external bodies. Brazilian Army or through cross-inspection, ie the verification of the environmental compliance process carried out by a different Armed Forces from the one that carried out the process, ie The Brazilian Army would supervise the licensing processes carried out by the Brazilian Navy and Aeronautics, being the reciprocal true. Another disadvantage is the need to allocate additional human resources to implement the method, requiring a constant improvement of its military.
Roper, Matthew B. "Evaluation of Laboratory Durability Tests for Stabilized Aggregate Base Materials." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2007. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/902.
Повний текст джерелаPape, Marion. "Frauen schreiben Krieg." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät III, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15584.
Повний текст джерелаNo other topic has dominated the Nigerian literature as much as the Nigerian Civil War and female authors increasingly interfere in its literary representation. The thesis evaluates 34 literary texts by 16 female Nigerian authors - 12 novels and 22 short stories - and analyses them as distinctive corpus whose individual texts are in a state of dialogue both with each other and with texts from male authors. The female authors use, in their "war talk", literary strategies like "re-reading" and "re-writing" of texts from the "Centre". On the one hand, these strategies enable them to make the blind spots of a male dominated literary discourse apparent/visible on the other hand, they facilitate the negotiation of gender relations and of the war itself, its causes, trigger points and consequences. The female authors represent war as "sexual disorder", as gender war. The study shows that in order to be able to locate an author''s perspective (and to avoid rash conclusions) it is essential to consider the different factors determining it - besides ethnicity and gender, also age, race, the grade of emotional involvement or distance etc. It is in this regard, where the paratexts play an important part, as in these authors express their personal views and comments on the war. The thesis is located at the interfaces of several disciplines: literary, historical and gender studies. The introduction deals with the theoretical backgrounds in the context of war, literary representation and gender. The first chapter is dedicated to the historical context of the Nigerian Civil War including the role of women. The second chapter looks at the paratexts, different representations of the war''s causes, the self-image, the enemy''s image and the future. The third chapter finally deals with the question how the relationship between Civil War and gender war is negotiated/conveyed through the medium of the literary texts. In the conclusion the results are summarized and prospects for future research are discussed. The appendix contains a preliminary bibliography of all literary texts on the Nigerian Civil War written by female authors.