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Статті в журналах з теми "Civil and commercial matters"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 22 червня 2024

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1

Forsyth, Christopher, and Philip Moser. "The Impact of the Applicable Law Of Contract on the Law of Jurisdiction under the European Conventions." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 45, no. 1 (January 1996): 190–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589300058723.

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The Convention on Jurisdiction and the Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters, agreed in Brussels on 27 September 1968 (and generally referred to as the Brussels Convention), has been part of English law since the coming into force of the Civil Jurisdiction and Judgments Act 1982.1 The Convention now dominates the law of jurisdiction in civil and commercial matters as well as the law governing the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments.

2

Pailler, Ludovic. "Problem-Solving Justice in French Civil and Commercial Matters." Utrecht Law Review 14, no. 3 (January 29, 2019): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/ulr.467.

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3

Moravcová, Dominika. "The scope of judicial cooperation in civil and commercial matters within the EU in the context of the exclusion of administrative matters and acta iure imperii." Institutiones Administrationis 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 112–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.54201/iajas.v3i1.71.

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The present article focuses on the scope of the key sources of judicial cooperation in civil and commercial matters within the EU, namely the Brussels I bis, Rome I and Rome II Regulations, in the context of the activities of public authorities. The aim of the article is to identify whether a legal relationship in which one of the parties is a public authority can qualify as a civil and commercial matter within the meaning of the Regulations in question and thus be subsumed under their ratione materiae and, if so, under which circumstances.

4

Nekrošius, Vytautas. "The Taking of Evidence in Civil Proceedings of the European Union." Teka Komisji Prawniczej PAN Oddział w Lublinie 13, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 299–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.32084/tekapr.2020.13.1-23.

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The article analyses the main provisions of Council Regulation (EC) No 1206/2001 of 28 May 2001 on cooperation between the courts of the Member States in the taking of evidence in civil or commercial matters. It grounds the need for its existence as well as the relation and advantages in comparison with the Convention of 18 March 1970 on the Taking of Evidence Abroad in Civil or Commercial Matters.

5

Kostwiński, Marcin. "Czy przepisy o postępowaniu w sprawach gospodarczych powinny znaleźć zastosowanie w postępowaniu nieprocesowym?" Acta Iuridica Resoviensia 36, no. 1 (2022): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/actaires.2022.1.5.

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In this article, the author discusses whether it is possible to apply provisions of proceedings in commercial matters when a court hears a commercial case in non-contentious proceedings. The starting point for the analysis is the unclear regulation of Art. 4582 of the Code of Civil Procedure which contains a catalogue of commercial matters that is supposed to determine the scope of application of the special contentious proceedings, and which also includes some non-contentious matters. The author takes a critical approach to the above regulation and tries to prove that the provisions on proceedings in commercial matters cannot be applied in non-contentious proceedings.

6

El-Ahdab, Abdul Hamid. "The New Egyptian Arbitration Act in Civil and Commercial Matters." Journal of International Arbitration 12, Issue 2 (June 1, 1995): 65–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia1995012.

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7

El-Ahdab, Abdul Hamid. "The New Omani Arbitration Act in Civil and Commercial Matters." Journal of International Arbitration 14, Issue 4 (December 1, 1997): 59–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia1997033.

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8

Juenger, Friedrich K. "The Recognition of Money Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters." American Journal of Comparative Law 36, no. 1 (1988): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/840183.

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9

Fornaris, Ignacio. "Exploring the Evolution of Contractual Concepts within Regulation No 1215/2012 Through CJEU Judgments: Civil and Commercial Matters, Contracts, Tenancies of Immovable Property, and Provision of Services Under Examination." Nordic Journal of European Law 7, no. 1 (April 5, 2024): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.36969/njel.v7i1.25761.

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Starting with the ruling of the Court of Justice of the European Union in the Obala case, this article explores: how the Court has redefined the concepts of ‘contract matters’ and ‘tort, delict, or quasi-delict matters’; actions related to ‘tenancy agreements for immovable property’ versus ‘rights in rem’; and the evolving interpretation of ‘services’ within the Brussels I Recast Regulation on jurisdiction, recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters. It also illustrates the discrepancies in the analysis of the term ‘civil and commercial matters’. The Obala ruling has led to changes in how these concepts are understood and studied in certain contexts, thereby reshaping their interpretative contours. As a result, this article conducts a retrospective analysis to grasp these changes and their implications.

10

Calliess, Gralf-Peter. "Value-added Norms, Local Litigation, and Global Enforcement: Why the Brussels-Philosophy failed in The Hague." German Law Journal 5, no. 12 (December 1, 2004): 1489–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200013365.

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In the early Nineties the Hague Conference on International Private Law on initiative of the United States started negotiations on a Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters (the “Hague Convention“). In October 1999 the Special Commission on duty presented a preliminary text, which was drafted quite closely to the European Convention on Jurisdiction and Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters (the “Brussels Convention“). The latter was concluded between the then 6 Member States of the EEC in Brussels in 1968 and amended several times on occasion of the entry of new Member States. In 2000, after the Treaty of Amsterdam altered the legal basis for judicial co-operation in civil matters in Europe, it was transformed into an EC Regulation (the “Brussels I Regulation”).

11

Podgorelčnik Vogrinec, Neža. "Provisional Security of Creditors in Cross-border Civil and Commercial Matters." Lexonomica 12, no. 2 (December 21, 2020): 129–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/lexonomica.12.2.129-148.2020.

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Provisional measures can be of utmost importance to creditors especially in relationships with a cross-border element. The Regulation 1215/2012 is the legal source that provides rules regarding the jurisdiction to issue a provisional measure but also offers imperfect provisions regarding the recognition and enforcement of foreign provisional measures issued in the other Member States of the European Union. Due to the inadequate regulation, CJEU case law has played an important role, but nevertheless, the article finds and opens new questions that have not yet been answered.

12

Hill, J. "Jurisdiction in Civil and Commercial Matters: Is There a Third Way?" Current Legal Problems 54, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 439–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clp/54.1.439.

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13

Harder, Sirko. "THE EFFECTS OF RECOGNIZED FOREIGN JUDGMENTS IN CIVIL AND COMMERCIAL MATTERS." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 62, no. 2 (April 2013): 441–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589313000018.

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AbstractThis article investigates what effects a recognized foreign judgment in civil and commercial matters has in English proceedings. Does the judgment have the effects that it has in the foreign country (extension of effects) or the effects that a comparable English judgment would have (equalization of effects), or a combination of these? After a review of the current law, it will be discussed what approach is preferable on principle. The suggested approach will then be illustrated by considering whether a foreign decision on one legal basis of a certain claim ought to preclude English proceedings involving another legal basis of the same claim. Finally, it will be discussed whether and how the effects of a recognized foreign judgment in England are affected by interests of a third country.

14

Haibach, Georg. "The Mutual Recognition of Decisions in Civil and Commercial Matters in the European Union in the Light of the Full Faith and Credit Clause of the U.S. Constitution." Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law 10, no. 3 (September 2003): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1023263x0301000304.

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In the conclusions of the European Council of Tampere and the Council Programme of Measures for Implementation of the Principle of Mutual Recognition of Decisions in Civil and Commercial Matters, the European Union approved the principle of mutual recognition of judicial decisions in order to remove barriers to the ‘free movement of judgments’. When the U.S. Constitution was drafted more than 200 years ago, the same problem had to be tackled. Article IV Section 1 of the Constitution was the solution found at the time. This article gives an overview over the state of play of the Community activities concerning the mutual recognition of decisions in civil and commercial matters, seen from the perspective of the U.S. Constitution.

15

Nekrošius, Vytautas. "Europos Sąjungos valstybių narių bendradarbiavimas renkant įrodymus civilinėse ir komercinėse bylose." Teisė 75 (January 1, 2010): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/teise.2010.0.240.

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Straipsnyje analizuojamos 2001 m. gegužės 28 d. ES reglamento (EB) Nr. 1206/2001 dėl valstybių narių teismų tarpusavio bendradarbiavimo renkant įrodymus civilinėse ar komercinėse bylose pagrindinės nuostatos. Pagrindžiamas jo būtinumas, santykis ir pranašumai, palyginti su 1970 m. kovo 18 d. konvencija dėl įrodymų civilinėse arba komercinėse bylose paėmimo užsienyje. The article describes the reasons stipulated adoption of the Council Regulation (EC) No 1206/2001 of 28 May 2001 on cooperation between the courts of the Member States in the taking of evidence in civil or commercial matters and its relation and advantages in regard to Hague Convention of 18 March 1970 on the Taking of Evidence Abroad in Civil or Commercial Matters.

16

Bogdan, Michael. "The Recognition in Sweden of Money Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters." Nordic Journal of International Law 54, no. 1-2 (1985): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187529385x00200.

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17

Rühl, Giesela. "JUDICIAL COOPERATION IN CIVIL AND COMMERCIAL MATTERS AFTER BREXIT: WHICH WAY FORWARD?" International and Comparative Law Quarterly 67, no. 1 (January 2018): 99–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589317000574.

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AbstractJudicial cooperation in civil and commercial matters is generally perceived to be of a rather ‘specialist and technical nature’. However, for the many UK and EU citizens, families and businesses who work, live, travel and do business abroad, the current European framework for choice of law, jurisdiction and recognition and enforcement is of paramount importance. The article, therefore, explores how that framework might look like after Brexit and explores the merits and demerits of the various ways forward. It argues that the best option for both the UK and the EU would be to agree on the continued application of the existing EU instruments or to strive for conclusion of a new agreement that closely replicates these instruments. If no such agreement can be reached the UK should decide to apply the Rome I and Rome II Regulations unilaterally and sign the Lugano Convention of 2007 as well as the Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements of 2005.

18

Karayanidi, Milana. "Adjudicative Jurisdiction in Civil and Commercial Matters in Russia: Analysis and Commentary†." American Journal of Comparative Law 64, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 981–1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcl/avx002.

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19

Bogdan, Michael. "THE RECOGNITION IN SWEDEN OF MONEY JUDGMENTS IN CIVIL AND COMMERCIAL MATTERS." Nordic Journal of International Law 54, no. 3-4 (January 1, 1985): 85–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181085x00077.

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20

Nadstazik, Luiza. "Report on the scientific conference Thirty Years of the Polish-Ukrainian Agreement of 1993 on Legal Aid: Evaluation of Effectiveness in Civil and Commercial Matters." Kwartalnik Prawa Międzynarodowego II, no. II (June 30, 2023): 287–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.7267.

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The report focuses on the international scientific conference Thirty Years of the Polish-Ukrainian Agreement of 1993 on Legal Aid: Evaluation of Effectiveness in Civil and Commercial Matters held on March 20, 2023, at the University of Warsaw. During the conference proceedings, the following issues were discussed: the significance of the 1993 Agreement as a source of law, its procedural issues, commercial contracts and ADR, registration of civil status in Polish-Ukrainian relations and conflict-of-law issues in relations with Ukraine.

21

Takahashi, Koji. "II. External Competence Implications of the Ec Regulation on Jurisdiction and Judgments." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 52, no. 2 (April 2003): 529–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/52.2.529.

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Council Regulation 44/2001 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of Judgments in Civil Commercial Matters1 replaced the 1968 Brussels Convention on 1 March 2002 for Member States of the European union Except Denmark.2 This has given the European Community exclusive competence in matters relating to jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments. As a result individual Member States can no longer freely ratify conventions which, in relation to specific matters, govern jurisdiction or the recognition or enforcement of judgments.3 This is reflected in the deletion of ‘or will be’ from the text of Article 71(1) of the Regulation,4 a phrase which previously found in the equivalent provision in the Brussels Convention.5

22

Okinčic, Sebastjan. "„Brexito“ įtaka tarptautiniam bylinėjimuisi." Teisė 128 (October 5, 2023): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/teise.2023.128.9.

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By concentrating on the few recognised instruments of private international law, the article analyses problems in international commercial dispute resolution arising from Brexit. In particular, the paper deals with the relevance of, firstly, the 2007 Lugano Convention on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters; secondly, the 2005 Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements; and, thirdly, the 2019 Hague Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Civil or Commercial Matters, all in the context of Brexit. Contextual analysis of each of the said instruments pays particular attention to the challenges specific to each of them. Therefore, for example, the article discusses the EU’s arguments in relation to its refusal to allow the United Kingdom to join the aforementioned 2007 Lugano Convention as well as varying perspectives on the moment when the 2005 Hague Convention begins to apply to the United Kingdom. Finally, the paper discusses the relevance of the recent 2019 Hague Convention in the context of Brexit.

23

Kennett, Wendy. "Family Law; Civil and Commercial Matters; the Hague Conventions in the Internet Age." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 49, no. 2 (April 2000): 497–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589300064277.

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On 27 July 1999 a UK Act was passed to “make provision for giving effect to the Convention on Protection of Children and Co-operation in respect of Intercountry Adoption concluded at the Hague on 29 May 1993” and “to make further provision in relation to adoptions with an international element”.1 At the time of writing, however, the UK had not ratified the Convention. By section. 18(3) the Act will be brought into force on a date appointed by statutory instrument.

24

Dinda Rizqiyatul Himmah. "KONVENSI PUTUSAN PENGADILAN ASING DEN HAAG 2019: PERSPEKTIF HUKUM PERDATA INTERNASIONAL INDONESIA." Mimbar Hukum 34, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 618–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/mh.v34i2.3485.

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Abstract The issue of recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments is one of the scopes of Private International Law. On 2 July 2019, the Hague Conference on Private International Law (HCCH), as an inter-governmental organization facilitating cross-border cooperation in civil or commercial matters, has concluded the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Civil or Commercial Matters (Judgments Convention). This Convention aims to facilitate cross-border recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments within member states. This research aiming to examine the perspective of Indonesian Private International Law towards the Convention as well as the possibility for Indonesia to ratify the Convention. The conducted research shows that there is yet urgency for Indonesia to ratify the Judgments Convention at the moment. Abstrak Isu hukum mengenai pengakuan dan pelaksanaan putusan pengadilan asing merupakan salah satu ruang lingkup utama dalam Hukum Perdata Internasional. Pada 2 Juli 2019, the Hague Conference on Private International Law (HCCH), sebagai organisasi antar pemerintah yang mendukung kerja sama lintas batas negara dalam ranah perdata dan komersial, telah mencapai konklusi atas Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Civil or Commercial Matters (Judgments Convention). Konvensi ini ditujukan untuk memfasilitasi pengakuan dan pelaksanaan putusan pengadilan asing di antara para negara anggota dari Konvensi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji lebih dalam mengenai perspektif Hukum Perdata Internasional Indonesia terhadap Konvensi yang mengatur mengenai pengakuan dan pelaksanaan putusan pengadilan asing, serta kemungkinan Indonesia untuk meratifikasi Konvensi tersebut. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa saat ini belum terdapat urgensi bagi Indonesia untuk meratifikasi Judgments Convention.

25

Zirat, Gennadii. "Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Civil or Commercial Matters: A New Contribution of the Hague Conference on Private International Law to the Unification of International Civil Procedure." Ukrainian Journal of International Law 3 (September 30, 2020): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36952/uail.2020.3.105-111.

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An overview of certain provisions of the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Civil or Commercial Matters 2019 is provided. The analysis shows that this international legal document combines provisions that have proven their validity and effectiveness in other international legal instruments, and relatively new provisions that only appear in such acts. This combination aims to ensure a certain succession, and to take a step forward in improving and developing international legal instruments to regulate such extremely important issues as the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments in civil and commercial cases.

26

Lilkoff, Lubin. "Le règlement des litiges commerciaux dans un système sans tribunaux de commerce : l'expérience québécoise." Les Cahiers de droit 24, no. 3 (April 12, 2005): 505–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/042559ar.

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Quebec's Civil Code acknowledges the existence of a dual regime including both civil and commercial juridical operations. This distinction, which is derived from French Law, also exists in Belgian and German Law. These countries have created specialized commercial courts or tribunals with jurisdiction over commercial matters. They are staffed with judges drawn from business. One may ask how in fact a dualistic system of this nature functions in Quebec, given the absence of such special commercial tribunals. It may be noted that although there is no body of commercial law dealing exclusively with traders, there exists in fact a system of business law comprehensive enough to apply also to non-traders (Part I). In addition, the informal nature of the procedural rules, as well as the background of the judges who are selected mainly from the ranks of practising lawyers, permits one to discern a close resemblance between litigation before these courts and the conduct of trials before commercial tribunals (Part II).

27

Kalisz, Anna. "Mediator jako zawód włączony w ustrój sądów powszechnych – praktyka zmian dotyczących mediacji cywilnej." Studia Iuridica Lublinensia 27, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2018.27.3.129-142.

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<p>The article is an attempt to examine the results of the amendments, which have been introduced to civil procedure and to mediation law since the 1<sup>st</sup> January 2016. Mediation corresponds with the nature of private law and in many other Western countries it has become a significant part of justice in civil, commercial and family matters. The examined updating was meant to: raise the social knowledge and recognition of mediation; increase the number of mediations conducted; motivate lawyers to apply it as a solution for legal disputes; raise the standards of professional court mediators and – last but not least – shorten the length of the civil proceedings. Most of the changes have been inspired by the EU directives on commercial disputes.</p>

28

Gambaro, Edoardo, and Niccolò Landi. "Consumer Contracts and Jurisdiction, Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters." European Business Law Review 17, Issue 5 (November 1, 2006): 1355–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eulr2006109.

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29

Bahta, Tecle Hagos. "Amicable Dispute Resolution in Civil and Commercial Matters in Ethiopia: Negotiation, Conciliation and Compromise." Mizan Law Review 13, no. 1 (January 7, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mlr.v13i1.1.

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30

Okoli, Chukwuma Samuel Adesina. "The recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments in civil and commercial matters in Asia." Journal of Private International Law 18, no. 3 (September 2, 2022): 522–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17441048.2022.2115615.

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31

Kajkowska, Ewelina. "ANTI-SUIT INJUNCTIONS IN ARBITRAL AWARDS: ENFORCEMENT IN EUROPE." Cambridge Law Journal 74, no. 3 (October 30, 2015): 412–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197315000859.

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THE status of anti-suit injunctions in Europe has long given rise to controversy. The decision of the Court of Justice of the European Union in Case C-536/13, Gazprom OAO [2015] All E.R. (EC) 711 sheds a new light on the relationship between anti-suit injunctions and the European jurisdiction regime embodied in the Brussels Regulation (Regulation No. 44/2001 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters). In this much anticipated judgment, the Court of Justice confirmed that, by virtue of the arbitration exclusion in Article 1(2)(d) of the Brussels Regulation, Member State courts are not precluded from enforcing anti-suit injunctions issued by arbitration tribunals and aimed at restraining the proceedings before Member State courts. Although the decision was given before the Recast Brussels Regulation came into force (Regulation No. 1215/2012 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters, effective from 10 January 2015), it can be assumed that the same conclusion would have been reached under the new law.

32

D'Alessandro, Giampiero. "The alternative dispute resolution system in Italy: between harmonization with the requirements of European markets and de-juridicalization." REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 77–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.52028/rbadr.v1i1.4.

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The topic of Alternative Dispute Resolution is comprehensively presented in Italy because of two different demands. The first is a demand presented at the European level to adopt measures that are meant to align the legal and regulatory provisions of different member States, even through the development of alternative methods for dispute resolution, in order to guarantee better access to justice at large, and this can be done through the use of supplemental and alternative dispute resolution methods which are of equal dignity to court proceedings. The second demand is presented at the national level and aims respond to the slowness of local court proceedings through so-called de-juridicalization, where legislations pertaining to A.D.R were supplemented with emergency measures that now include alternative tools among them. This complex tableau led to the creation of very detailed tools for dispute resolution on the civil front, tools that were often borrowed from foreign experiences. This paper wishes to offer a general framework of the principal players, without necessarily being exhaustive. In fact, in addition to Arbitration, which finds its origins in the Civil Code, Italian regulators have added over time procedures for civil and commercial mediation, assisted negotiation, settlement procedures for overindebtedness crisis and mediation on matters of energy and telecommunications and, more in general, on consumer matters. Some of these tools take on a principally deflationary function on matters of civil disputes where these same tools are considered necessary and constitute a condition of admissibility to be able to start legal proceedings. Faced with this complex tableau, in 2016 the Italian Ministry of Justice established a research committee, composed of professors, judges, lawyers and notaries who were entrusted with the task reassessing organically the matter with the aim of developing “de-juridicalization” tools using mediation, assisted negotiations and arbitration. In January 2017, this Commission, at the end of its tenure, presented a series of proposal to modify the legislation that was then in force. These proposals are to this day still under consideration by the Ministry of Justice. The establishment of the aforementioned Commission seemed justified because of the imminent termination of the implementation period for the compulsory mediation required by law for some disputes on civil and commercial matters, pursuant to Article 5, para. 1-bis, of Legal Decree 28/20106 that, instead, found a solution after changes made to convert Legislative Decree No. 50, April 24, 2017,7 through the so-called corrective action of 2017, into Law No. 96 of June 21, 2017.

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Pavić, Vladimir. "Bribery and International Commercial Arbitration – the Role of Mandatory Rules and Public Policy." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 43, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v43i4.5016.

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Although designed to resolve private disputes, usually commercial in nature, arbitration may nevertheless encounter during its course allegations of impropriety and criminal behaviour. In the context of international commercial arbitration, the most common of those are allegations of bribery. However, tribunals may adjudicate only matters of private law and, should they establish existence of bribery, may draw only civil law consequences thereof. An additional problem in this respect is determining the body of rules that will be applicable in defining the very notion of bribery, since some aspects of bribery are almost universally prohibited, while the others are banned only in certain jurisdictions. In determining the law applicable to the matters of bribery, tribunals then face choice-of-law dilemmas. Each of the public policy techniques (overriding mandatory provisions, international and/or transnational) has its strengths and weaknesses.

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Rammeloo, Stephan. "Law Reform on Cross-Border Civil Procedure in Europe: Companies and Firms and EU Regulation 1215/2012 (Brussels I Recast)." European Company Law 12, Issue 5 (October 1, 2015): 234–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eucl2015038.

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This contribution highlights the position of companies and firms, being addressees under article 49 and 54 TFEU, under the reign of ‘brand new’ EU cross-border civil procedural law: on January 10, 2015, EU Regulation 44/2001 on jurisdiction and recognition of judgments in civil and commercial matters was substituted by EU Regulation 2015/2012 carrying the same title and covering the same object. In some respects this Recast does not adequately respond to primary EU law developments in respect of cross-border company mobility.

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Levrinc, Miloš. "Assignments of Receivables in Civil and Commercial Matters Under the Laws of the Slovak Republic." Access to Justice in Eastern Europe 6, no. 2 (May 14, 2023): 122–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33327/ajee-18-6.2-a000223.

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Background: Receivables play an increasingly important role in the financing of particularly small and medium-sized businesses. This importance has been recognised by many international organisations, including UNIDROIT, which is slated to adopt a Model Law on Factoring in 2023. The purpose of the Model Law is to encourage States to modernise their legal frameworks for absolute and security assignments, as well as pledges of receivables. The EU has been struggling to find common ground with respect to a regulation on the law applicable to assignments that would build on the Rome I Regulation. A modern receivables regime rests on several key foundation blocks that include the ability to describe receivables generically, achievement of third-party effectiveness by registration, and predictable priority rules. Much of the law of assignments is of contractual nature, which is suitable to party autonomy. Party autonomy in the field of contractual obligations is a recognised institution under the national substantive law of the legal order of the Slovak Republic. In some respects, the Slovak legal regime would benefit from modernisation, such as in requiring all types of assignments and pledges to be registered, which facilitates the determination of priorities. This article examines the law governing assignments of receivables in civil and commercial matters in the Slovak Republic. It not only analyses the statutory law but also surveys the relevant case law that fills gaps in the legislation. Methods: The author uses traditional scientific methods: logical methods - the method of analysis, the method of synthesis, the method of analogy, the descriptive method, as well as comparative method. First, the descriptive method was used to familiarise the reader with the applicable statutory provisions governing assignments of receivables in civil and commercial matters in the Slovak Republic. Second, the author analyses specific provisions with regard to current developments and practical applications. Third, the author uses a comparative method in highlighting the practical needs that incentivise the modernisation of the current legislation in light of recent developments, especially the upcoming adoption of the UNIDROIT Model Law on Factoring. Results and Conclusions: The Slovak regime for absolute assignments of receivables is governed by the Civil Code, which also applies to assignments in commercial transactions. The Code also recognises a security assignment of receivable. The pledge law reform in 2002 introduced a registration system for pledges of receivables. Special laws continue to govern specific types of receivables. Case law has addressed several aspects of transfers of receivables, particularly in insolvency. However, no statutory provision provides a priority rule among the statutorily-recognised types of transfers. Several other aspects have been clarified in case law. For instance, the Supreme Court of Slovakia defined a description standard for future receivables, which must be identified by the name of the transferor, debtor, and a category, such as a receivable arising from the following contract. The degree of specificity is driven by doctrinal considerations rather than the needs of practice. Several important practical aspects are neither grounded in a statutory foundation nor case law. One example is the lack of recognition of transfers of partial interests in a receivable, a practice that is common in the Slovak market. The law recognises and enforces an anti-assignment clause that would make a transfer ineffective. However, such a clause would be ineffective in the insolvency of the transferor, so the insolvency estate would include the receivable. In this aspect, Slovak law falls short of the international standards that override the effect of anti-assignment clauses. Since the pledge law reform over two decades ago, no statutory changes concerning transfers of receivables have been introduced. The interpretation of the existing framework by the courts exacerbates uncertainty. The lack of certainty and predictability embedded in the statutory framework that falls short of international standards are good reasons to consider reforming the framework.

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Stanković, Vladan, and Ana Opačić. "Brussels I regulation: Recognition and enforcement of foreign court decisions in civil and commercial matters." International Review, no. 3-4 (2022): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/intrev2204176s.

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The process of integration of European countries began with the formation of the Coal and Steel Community and as a historical category in a certain domain continues. This decades-long integration has been carried out in phases and in certain segments, and this very way of integration has resulted in these areas not consistently following the basic principles on which the EU is based. The self-proclaimed goal of European integration, its maintenance and development as areas of freedom, security and justice, necessarily required, among other things, instruments and measures related to judicial cooperation in civil and commercial matters, which would ensure the smooth functioning of the EU internal market. The rules of Brussels and regulations establish a single system of recognition and enforcement of foreign court decisions, overcoming the differences that exist in the national systems of member states, and unified rules on simplification of procedures for faster and simpler recognition and enforcement of such decisions. The authors below present the achieved level of unification of these rules from the aspect of functionality, primarily the time needed to execute a foreign decision, reduction of formalities, certainty of outcome and impossibility of conducting a parallel procedure, as the primary goal of Brussels I regulation.

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Fentiman, Richard. "Brussels I and Third States: Future Imperfect?" Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 13 (2011): 65–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5235/152888712801752915.

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AbstractIn December 2010 the European Commission published its long-awaited proposals for the reform of the Brussels I Regulation on civil jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments. These concern matters of considerable practical importance. But they also expose fundamental questions about the Regulation’s proper scope, and its role in complex commercial disputes, which will persist long after the terms of the amended Regulation are settled.

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Fentiman, Richard. "Brussels I and Third States: Future Imperfect?" Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 13 (2011): 65–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s152888700000197x.

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Abstract In December 2010 the European Commission published its long-awaited proposals for the reform of the Brussels I Regulation on civil jurisdiction and the enforcement of judgments. These concern matters of considerable practical importance. But they also expose fundamental questions about the Regulation’s proper scope, and its role in complex commercial disputes, which will persist long after the terms of the amended Regulation are settled.

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Abeyratne, Ruwantissa. "Carbon Trading in Commercial Aviation." Journal of World Trade 43, Issue 3 (June 1, 2009): 641–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2009026.

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The air transport product permeates national boundaries and therefore makes it impossible for one to localize aircraft engine emissions in terms of calculating the quantum of air pollution by an international flight over the territorial boundary of a nation State. To make matters more complicated, there has been no attempt so far by the international aviation community at reaching a global regulatory system by way of an international treaty that could bind nations of the world to a uniform set of rules applicable to financial instruments that would ensure an equitable and just ‘polluter pays’ system. The furthest we have come is the work carried out so far on emissions trading as a market-based option by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), which has been working, with a view to evaluating possible ways and means to achieve a global consensus. This article contains a discussion of carbon trading, its consequences, and the legal issues that have emerged as a result of unilateral action in the introduction of an emissions trading scheme. The discussions are presented against the backdrop of the work of ICAO.

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Sánchez Fernández, Sara. "EL CONVENIO DE LA HAYA DE RECONOCIMIENTO Y EJECUCIÓN DE SENTENCIAS: ARQUITECTURA Y ALGUNOS PROBLEMAS SELECCIONADOS." Revista española de derecho internacional 73, no. 1 (January 25, 2021): 233–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17103/redi.73.1.2021.1.09.

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On 2 July 2019, the Hague Conference adopted the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Civil or Commercial Matters. It establishes a minimum standard for the recognition and enforcement which is built on two main elements: a catalogue of jurisdictional filters and a number of grounds to refuse recognition and enforcement. This contribution presents the Convention key elements, comparing them with the current rules on this matter in Spain, i. e. Brussels I bis Regulation and Ley de Cooperación Jurídica Internacional. In addition, we analyze two issues that may arise in the application of the Convention: penalty orders imposed upon the breach of non-pecuniary obligations and limitation period for enforcement of a judgment.

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Kennett, Wendy. "Forum Non Conveniens in Europe." Cambridge Law Journal 54, no. 3 (November 1995): 552–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197300097336.

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Various authors have drawn attention to the fact that a new European law of civil procedure is in the process of being created. The kernel of this new law is the 1968 Brussels Convention on Jurisdiction and the Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters. Further areas of law are in part harmonised by the 1965 Hague Service Convention and the 1970 Hague Evidence Convention. While a certain set of “core” European rules has been established, there remains a penumbra: an area within which it is unclear how far traditional national rules may retain a role.

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Nielsen, Peter Arnt. "The Hague Judgments Convention." Nordic Journal of International Law 80, no. 1 (2011): 95–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181011x547207.

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AbstractThe Hague Judgments Convention of 2005 is the first global convention on international jurisdiction and recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters. The author explains the political and legal background of the Convention, its content and certain crucial issues during the negotiations of it. Finally, the author discusses the perspectives for international trade given that, in 2009, the USA and the European Union signed the Convention.

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Oprea, Iulia. "Reprezentarea ca putere în dreptul civil și societar." Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Iurisprudentia 65, no. 3 (March 10, 2021): 55–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbiur.65(2020).3.2.

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The power of attorney, as a judicial mechanism, has enjoyed a broad applicability for the past centuries due to its undeniable utility, reaching, at the moment, a level of necessity in the professional and casual routine. However, a great amount of the scientific literature that discuss this subject focus on the analysis of the mandate agreement, as a source for the power of attorney, without studying the legal nature of this prerogative. That is why the purpose of the present paper, avoiding any claim of completeness, is to scan the representation as a species, closely analysing its genus: the power. The pragmatism of our approach is revealed by the fact that the study of representation takes place in the context of the matters in which it is mostly used and that is the common civil law and the derogatory commercial law.

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Schlürmann, Lucienne. "Croatian public notaries under European Civil Procedure law. A commentary on the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union (second chamber) march 9, 2017, case c-551/15 - Pula Parking = Notarios públicos croatas bajo el Derecho Procesal Civil Europeo.Un comentario sobre la sentencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea (sala segunda) 9 de marzo de 2017, asunto c-551/15 - Pula Parking." CUADERNOS DE DERECHO TRANSNACIONAL 10, no. 2 (October 5, 2018): 947. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/cdt.2018.4415.

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Abstract: The decision “Pula Parking”, rendered by the European Court of Justice (ECJ) on March 9, 2017, deals with the recovery and enforcement of an unpaid debt resulting from the use of a public parking space. The main issue of the case is the question whether a Croatian notary, who is authorized under Croatian law to issue a writ of execution, qualifies as a “court or tribunal” responsible for “decisions or judgments” within the meaning of Regulation No 1215/2012 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters**. In the past, the ECJ has never addressed this particular issue concerning the interpretation of the Regulation. Consequently, the ruling will serve as a landmark decision for future cases.Keywords: Brussels I bis Regulation, “civil and commercial matters”, term “court”, Croatian public notary.Resumen: La decisión “Estacionamiento de Pula”, presentada por el Tribunal de Justicia de las Comunidades Europeas (TJUE) el 9 de marzo de 2017, trata de la recuperación y el cumplimiento de una deuda pendiente de pago derivada del uso de un estacionamiento público. La cuestión principal del caso es la cuestión de si un notario croata, autorizado por la legislación croata a emitir un mandamiento de ejecución, califica como un órgano jurisdiccional responsable de “decisiones o sentencias” en el sentido del Reglamento no 1215 / 2012 sobre jurisdicción y reconocimiento y ejecución de resoluciones judiciales en materia civil y mercantil **. En el pasado, el TJCE nunca se ha ocupado de esta cuestión particular relacionada con la interpretación del Reglamento. En consecuencia, el fallo servirá como una decisión histórica para casos futuros.Palabras clave: Reglamento Bruselas I bis, materia civil y mercantile, término “tribunal”, notario público croata.

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JANG, Junhyok. "2019 Hague Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Civil or Commercial Matters." Korea Private International Law Journal 25, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 437–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.38131/kpilj.2019.12.25.2.437.

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Beaumont, Paul. "II. European Court of Justice and Jurisdiction and Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 46, no. 1 (January 1997): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002058930006019x.

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Newman, Karl, and Paul Beaumont. "II. European Court of Justice and Jurisdiction and Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 48, no. 1 (January 1999): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589300062989.

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The last time this column appeared1 there was considerable discussion about the proposals being considered at the then ongoing intergovernmental conference (IGC). Not surprisingly the proposals of the UK government in its Memorandum on the Court of Justice were not adopted in the Treaty of Amsterdam. No institutional changes have been made in relation to the Court of Justice and the Court of First Instance. So the approval of their Rules of Procedure is still subject to the approval of the Council and their terms of office are still six years but can be renewed.

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Duca, Louis F. Del, and George A. Zaphiriou. "Rules for Declining to Exercise Jurisdiction in Civil and Commercial Matters: Forum Non Conveniens, Lis Pendens." American Journal of Comparative Law 42, suppl_1 (1994): 245–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcl/42.suppl1.245.

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Newman, Karl, and Paul R. Beaumont. "III. European Court of Justice and Jurisdiction and Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 39, no. 3 (July 1990): 700–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclqaj/39.3.700.

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Beaumont, Paul R. "II. European Court of Justice and Jurisdiction and Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 41, no. 1 (January 1992): 206–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclqaj/41.1.206.

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