Дисертації: "City planning Simulation methods"

1

Nahas, Mohamed M. El. "Energy saving through urban design : a microclimatic approach /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phn153.pdf.

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2

Pietsch, Susan Mary. "The effective use of three dimensional visualisation modelling in the routine development control of urban environments : a thesis submitted to Adelaide University in candidacy for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09php626.pdf.

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"June 2001." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 346-352) Investigates technical and cultural issues in using three dimensional computer visualisation modelling in a busy Australian city planning office, the local Council of the City of Adelaide, taking two directions: a modelling approach that emphasizes abstract, quick to create 3D models; and, by examining the social and organizational issues. This dual view paints a broader picture of the potential of 3D modelling within planning practice including the impediments and possible solutions to them.

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3

Griffin, Sven Troy. "Study of methods for greenways acquisition in city planning." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2388.

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This study highlights the importance of incorporating greenways in city planning and addresses issues related to their acquisition. It documents what comprises greenways and why they are beneficial for the smart growth of a city. The research compares and evaluates methods of land acquisition by conducting a literature review and by analyzing the practices at the study site of the City of College Station, Texas. Combining the best-fit method with GIS modeling, a ranking system has been developed and used to identify likely greenway locations in College Station as a case study. Results indicate the validity and feasibility of this ranking system.

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4

Kaufmann, Talia. "Parameterizing land use planning : deploying quantitative analysis methods in the practice of city planning." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/93806.

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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2014.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 78-81).
Planning a city is a complex task. In particular, the practice of land use planning, which determines the quantities and locations of land uses we find in a city, is a highly complex process. Planners, developers and citizens involved in this process need to consider the multiple components of the urban system which are intertwined and connected in a complex network, and cannot be studied independently. While cities were extensively studied as complex adaptive systems over the last 50 years, showing universal patterns across countries, cultures and times, the practice of land use planning hasn't advanced as much and still deploys the rigid, macro-scale and local tool of zoning. This thesis will present a LEGO game planning methodology for urban land use that harnesses our understanding of cities as interconnected networks to enable a fine-grained, modular, incremental and universal development tool. Using a dataset summarizing the fine-grained location of commercial and public land uses in the 50 largest metropolitan areas in the U.S., this research will construct a catalog of urban models exploring similar patterns and their deviations across American cities. Utilizing the emerging patterns, this thesis will outline a methodology to produce quantitative planning guidelines in two main aspects: First, a method to assess land use quantities to support population levels will be demonstrated by implementing the scaling relationships found in cities from the Bettencourt et al research (2007). Next, a method to evaluate the spatial organization of cities will be presented by calculating co-location pairwise distances between amenities within city centers. The research will show that some co-location patterns are similar across cities, independent from land use quantities and urban density while others fluctuates between cities and depend on local characteristics. The LEGO game methodology will demonstrate an evolutionary iterative process to evaluate the liveliness of each urban environment, and explore the infinite possible assembly options of urban building blocks from various types and quantities, to enable a genuine datadriven decision making process for land use planning.
by Talia Kaufmann.
M.C.P.

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5

Li, Zhen. "Application of simulation techniques in development planning for caving methods." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42767.

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The mining industry globally is moving towards exploiting more mineral deposits by underground methods for several reasons. Large scale underground block/panel caving mining methods are becoming more popular due to the low operating costs associated with economies of scale. However, the planning for a caving mine is very challenging. Simulation techniques have been used successfully by many industries for a long time. They have proven to be valuable in assisting the mine planning process, forecasting the performance of modeled systems, and testing alternatives at very low cost. In this research, simulation techniques were applied in the planning phase of a panel caving mine. These techniques were based on the existing experience as well as new software technology development. A state-of-art mine development simulation software package, SimMine®, was used as a tool for this study. Oyu Tolgoi is a large copper-gold complex located in southern Mongolia. It contains the Hugo North deposit which will be extracted using the panel caving method. Pre-production development (PPD) will involve over 40 km of lateral development and 70,000 m³ of massive excavations. So the PPD time and cost will be significant. The global mining industry has only limited experience to ensure effectively the design and planning for such complex, large scale projects. A case study of the Hugo North Lift 1 PPD is the focus for the simulation outlined in this research thesis. A simulation model was developed for the PPD planning. This was found to more accurately predict long term lateral development and mass excavation rates and scheduled ventilation requirements. The process of simulation was significant in enabling the optimization of development planning and equipment selection. There appear to be considerable opportunities for simulation of such planning aspects in mining. This research aims to contribute to future software development that delivers more reliable and functional simulation tools for mining engineers. These should realize significant safety, financial and environmental advances through improved scheduling for PPD in the next generation of large, complex underground mines.

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6

Oleg, I. Kozhushnyan Oleg I. Kozhushnyan (Oleg Igorevich). "Virtual city testbed." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/61167.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2010.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 35).
Traffic simulation is an important aspect of understanding how people move throughout various road systems. It can provide insight into the design of city streets and how well they can handle certain traffic patterns. There are various simulators available, ranging from free tools such as TRANSIMS to commercial implementations such as TransCAD. The available tools provide complex, large scale and very detailed simulation capabilities. The Virtual City Testbed addresses aspects that are not available in these tools. Primarily, the test bed provides the ability for interaction with the traffic system in real time. Instead of basing the simulation solely on automated vehicle models, we allow for human participants to interact with individual cars via a remote simulation client. Thus we are able to inject realistic human input into our simulation. A second feature provided by our simulation is the ability to disrupt a simulation in progress. A disruption usually involves disabling access to a set of streets which forces the traffic to adapt as it moves around the road system. This yields a way to study the way traffic motion changes within a road system under the presence of unexpected events such as natural disasters or other real life disruptions. Ultimately, we provide a test bed for studying traffic under varying environmental conditions.
by Oleg I. Kozhushnyan.
M.Eng.

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7

Bailey, William. "Using model-based methods to support vehicle analysis planning." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50377.

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Vehicle system analysis models are becoming crucial to automotive designers wishing to better understand vehicle-level attributes and how they vary under different operating conditions. Such models require substantial planning and collaboration between multidisciplinary engineering teams. To improve the process used to create a vehicle system analysis model, the broader question of how to plan and develop any model should be addressed. Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) is one approach that can be used to make such complex engineering tasks more efficient. MBSE can improve these tasks in several ways. It allows for more formal communication among stakeholders, avoids the ambiguity commonly found in document-based approaches to systems engineering, and allows stakeholders to all contribute to a single, integrated system model. Commonly, the Systems Modeling Language (SysML) is used to integrate existing analysis models with a system-level SysML model. This thesis, on the other hand, focuses on using MBSE to support the planning and development of the analysis models themselves. This thesis proposes an MBSE approach to improve the development of system models for Integrated Vehicle Analysis (IVA). There are several contributions of this approach. A formal process is proposed that can be used to plan and develop system analysis models. A comprehensive SysML model is used to capture both a descriptive model of a Vehicle Reference Architecture (VRA), as well as the requirements, specifications, and documentation needed to plan and develop vehicle system analysis models. The development of both the process and SysML model was performed alongside Ford engineers to investigate how their current practices can be improved. For the process and SysML model to be implemented effectively, a set of software tools is used to create a more intuitive user interface for the stakeholders involved. First, functionality is added to views and viewpoints in SysML so that they may be used to formally capture the concerns of different stakeholders as exportable XML files. Using these stakeholder-specific XML files, a custom template engine can be used to generate unique spreadsheets for each stakeholder. In this way, the concerns and responsibilities of each stakeholder can be defined within the context of a formally defined process. The capability of these two tools is illustrated through the use of examples which mimic current practices at Ford and can demonstrate the utility of such an approach.

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8

Brammer, Kenneth W. "A transient state maintenance requirements planning model." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/74512.

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A model is developed for use by logistics planners in determining period by period maintenance requirements for repairable item populations. The model generates maintenance requirements with respect to manpower and facility requirements and spare parts requirements. The model is capable of capturing nonsteady-state failure behavior of populations of repairable items. Each item within the population is broken down into one or more families of components and subcomponents that can have different failure/repair characteristics. Probability of component failure may be generally distributed. A specific data requirement for the model is established. The model is structured to allow the user to conduct various"what if gaming" through an iterative procedure on a personal computer. This research document includes a literature review that establishes a history of logistics modeling. The literature review provides impetus to the proposed research by defining a need for a transient state model for maintenance requirements planning. The model is validated by a case study involving the generation of maintenance requirements for a case population.
Master of Science

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9

Chiu, Yi-chang. "Generalized real-time route guidance strategies in urban networks." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3077621.

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10

Jiang, JunSong. "Validating Fiscal Impact Analysis Methods for a Small Ohio City: Comparing the Outcomes of Two Average Cost Methods." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1280780144.

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11

Kazandjian, Mihran W. "Land Politics, Urban Poverty and Exclusionary Planning in an Inland Chinese City." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1396464159.

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12

Edwards, Gruffudd. "Time series methods for the simulation of wind speed fields across Great Britain." Thesis, University of Bath, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.642026.

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This thesis presents the development of a time series model and associated algorithms capable of generating synthetic time-series datasets representing the hourly-averaged wind-speed field across the Country – as represented by a set of 20 points. This field is of interest as the energy resource available to wind generators connected to the Great Britain (GB) electricity networks. A wind power output dataset was also generated for an example distribution of wind generation capacities. The datasets generated are suitable for use in sequential Monte Carlo simulations of the GB electricity system – either the present system or future scenarios, potentially with full consideration of network constraints. Accurate representation of the spatio-temporal behaviours of renewable resources are an essential aspect of such simulations, along with their relationship to demand, with rarely occurring extreme events of particular interest. Therefore, variability in the resource occurring on all timescales – from turbulence to climatic shifts between decades must be represented. The synthetic data are time-stamped with time of the day and day of the year, so care was taken to ensure that all relevant deterministic and stochastic patterns are accurately reproduced. A major component of the research project was identification of the optimum level of complexity for various aspects of the model structure, and the associated computational expense of generating the series, particularly given the high dimensionality of the problem. The final choice of wind speed model was 2-factor-VGARMA-APARCH, along with several deterministic transformations.

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13

Smith, Tania. "The Newmed business simulation : the development of the business plan as a tool to demonstrate the importance of business principle application." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52000.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.
Some digitised pages may appear cut off due to the condition of the original hard copy.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The NewCo Medical company (NewCo ) is a simulated manufacturing and marketing company. It manufactures plastic utility goods in the health and baby-care industries, and proceeds to market these goods globally. NewCo intends to raise money in order to fund its operations and marketing drive, since it is poised for huge and imminent growth. The business simulation intends to demonstrate the value and effectiveness of the business plan, and to encourage the reader to investigate the issues that pertain to the successful operation of a business, beyond its description in the business pIan. The reader is invited to analyse the business pIan and its proposed strategies, bearing in mind that the pIan has been developed and presented with a potential investor in mind. This exercise should create an awareness of the importance of a due diligence to be performed before any investment decision can be made.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: geen

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14

Bulut, Zeynep. "Real Estate Appraisal Methods And Their Application In Ankara." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613252/index.pdf.

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Real estate is one of the reliable and important investment types for individuals and institutions. Interest in the price appraisal of real estate has increased with rapid development of real estate sector and its legal infrastructure in recent years. Conducting planned urbanization, choosing settlement areas and estimating their inner or outer transport costs, improving capital markets transparency, and reliability require a reliable price valuation of real estate assets. Appraisal in real estate is also important for the tax income of the national budget. In this thesis, it is investigated appraisal methods that are used in various countries and valuation approaches and methods that are used in Turkey are reviewed. The value, in the appraisal reports, is estimated with three traditional approaches: Sales Comparison, Cost, and Income Capitalization. In this thesis, Hedonic Price Approach and the availability of the application of this method in practice are investigated within the framework of seeking an alternative method for appraisal beyond three traditional approaches.

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15

Karlsson, Linda, and Eugenia Ringheim. "4D-planering i byggprojekt : En utredning av nödvändiga förutsättningar för att planera i fyra dimensioner." Thesis, KTH, Byggvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-174832.

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Utvecklingen inom byggbranschen går i en riktning mot mer komplicerade konstruktioner och installationer. För att bibehålla en konkurrenskraftig position på marknaden efterfrågas nu bättre planeringsunderlag som kan öka produktiviteten, kvaliteten och säkerheten inom byggprojekt. Utvecklingmöjligheter finns inom planering, där en är att inkludera en fjärde dimension, tiden. 4D-planering är ett arbetssätt som innebär att en 3D-modell kopplas samman med en produktionstidplan. Syftet med examensarbetet är att kartlägga förutsättningar för tillämpning av 4D-planering i produktionsskedet. Syftet är även att undersöka och kunskapsåterföra 4D-planering till ett byggföretag i Sverige. En enkätundersökning har skickats ut till projektverksamma medarbetare aktiva i Stockholmsområdet för att redogöra för i vilken omfattning 4D-planering tidigare har använts. Personliga intervjuer har även genomförts med medarbetare från hela Sverige, som innehar erfarenhet och kunskap inom 4D-planering. Intervjuerna har utgjort underlag för framtagandet av vilka förutsättningar som är nödvändiga för att tillämpa 4D-planering. I enkätundersökningen deltog 112 respondenter, där 59,8 % tidigare hört talas om 4D-planering. Av de 112 respondenter hade tretton personer också deltagit i projekt där 4D-planering tillämpats. 89,3 % av samtliga respondenter uppvisade ett intresse för en ökad användning av 4D-planering inom byggproduktion. Det har framkommit via de personliga intervjuerna att totalentreprenad är den lämpligaste upphandlingsformen för tillämpning av 4D-planering. Utöver det anser respondenterna att storlek, komplexitet och programvara påverkar tillämpningen av 4D-planering. Slutsatsen är att 4D-planering idag används i en liten omfattning. De viktigaste förutsättningarna för att tillämpa 4D-planering är en för ändamålet korrekt utformad 3D-modell, produktionstidplan och ett lämpligt 4D-simuleringsprogram. Dessutom är det nödvändigt att tidigt i projektprocessen ta beslut om att 4D-planeringen ska tillämpas och till vilken utsträckning. Det är även avgörande att ha en väl fungerande kommunikation mellan projektörer och entreprenörer. Rekommendation till företaget är att inleda en tillämpning av 4D-planering med långsiktiga mål.
The development in the construction industry is continuously progressing towards more complex buildings and installations. In order to retain a competitive market position careful planning is required since it can increase productivity, quality and worker safety in construction projects. 4D-planning is a method of planning a construction project which means that a 3D-model and a production schedule are interconnected. The main purpose of this study is to investigate information on 4D-planning and to identify the conditions that need to be fulfilled to effectively use 4D-planning in construction. A second purpose has been to collect information regarding the knowledge and experience in using 4D-planning possessed by employees at a company in Sweden. A survey has been sent out to employees located in Stockholm, Sweden, to investigate the scope in which 4D-planing has previously been used. Personal interviews have also been made with employees whom possess experience and knowledge of 4D-planning, located in different places of Sweden. These persons form the basis for identifying the conditions required to use 4D-planning in construction projects. There were 112 participants in the survey of whom 59,8% had previously heard of 4D-planning. A number of 13 participants had also participated in projects where 4D-planning had been used. A total of 89,3% of the participants in the survey answered that they have an interest in further progress in the area of 4D-planning. Answers have also given some insight into how 4D-planning has been applied and how well it has worked. The personal interviews have demonstrated how factors such as contract form, type of computer planning software, size and complexity of the construction project all affect the execution of 4D-planning. The three main conditions which affect the use of 4D-planning is the shape and design of the 3D-model, the production time schedule and the 4D-simulation program used. Moreover, it is necessary to make an early decision whether to and to what extent 4D-planning is to be used. The communication between consultant and entrepreneur are also of great importance for the implementation of 4D-planning. The survey showed that the employees at the studied company has only used 4D-planning in a small scope. They are however, interested in an increased use of 4D-planning but emphasize the importance of guidelines and clear applications for its usage. Implementation of 4D-planning is deemed viable for the company with the recommendation to start the process immediately by establishing long-term goals.

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16

Woodard, Davon Teremus Trevino. "FRAMES OF DIGITAL BLACKNESS IN THE RACIALIZED PALIMPSEST CITY: CHICAGO, ILLINOIS AND JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AFRICA." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104658.

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The United States and South Africa, exemplars of "archsegregation," have been constituted within an arc of historical racialized delineations which began with the centering, and subsequent overrepresentation, of European maleness and whiteness as the sole definition of Man. Globally present and persistent, these racialized delineations have been localized and spatially embedded through the tools of urban planning. This arc of racialized otherness, ineffectively erased, continues to inform the racially differentiated geospatial, health, social, and economic outcomes in contemporary urban form and functions for Black communities. It is within this historical arc, and against these differentiated outcomes, that contemporary urban discourse and contestation between individuals and institutions are situated. This historical othering provides not just a racialized geo-historical contextualization, but also works to preclude the recognition of the some of the most vulnerable urban community members. As urbanists and advocates strive to co-create urban space and place with municipalities, meeting the needs of these residents is imperative. In order to meet these needs, their lived experiences, and voices must be fully recognized and engaged in the processes and programs of urban co-creation, including in digital spaces and forums. Critical to achieving recognition acknowledging and situating contemporary digital discourses between local municipalities, Black residents, and Black networks within this historically racialized arc is necessary. In doing so, explore if, and how, race, specifically Blackness, is enacted in municipal digital discourse, whether these enactments serve to advance or impede resident recognition and participation, and how Black users, as residents and social network curators, engage and respond to these municipal discursive enactments. This exploratory research is a geographically and digitally multi-sited incorporated comparison of Chicago, Illinois, and Johannesburg South Africa. Using Twitter and ethnographic data collected between December 1, 2019, and March 31, 2020, this research layers digital ethnographic mixed methods and qualitive mixed methods, including traditional ethnographic, digital ethnographic, grounded theory, social change and discourse analysis, and frame analysis to explore three research goals. First, explore the digital discursive practices and frames employed by municipalities to inform, communicate with, and engage Black communities, and, if and how, these frames are situated within a historically racialized arc. Second, identify the ways in which Black residents, in dual discursive engagements with local municipalities and their own social networks, interact and engage with the municipal frames centering on Blackness. Third, through ethnographic narratives, acknowledge the marginalized residents of the Central Business District of Johannesburg, South Africa as "agents of knowledge," with critical and valuable knowledge claims which arise from their lived experiences anchored within racialized place and space. In doing so, support the efforts of these residents in recentering the validity of their knowledge claims in the co-creation of urban place and space. Additionally, in situating the city within a historically racialized arc develop novel frameworks, the racialized palimpsest city and syndemic segregation, through which to explore contemporary urban interactions and engagements.
Doctor of Philosophy
The United States and South Africa, exemplars of "archsegregation," have been constituted within an arc of historical racialized delineations which began with the centering, and subsequent overrepresentation, of European maleness and whiteness as the sole definition of Man. Globally present and persistent, these racialized delineations have been localized and spatially embedded through the tools of urban planning. This arc of racialized otherness, ineffectively erased, continues to inform the racially differentiated geospatial, health, social, and economic outcomes in contemporary urban form and functions for Black communities. It is within this historical arc, and against these differentiated outcomes, that contemporary urban discourse and contestation between individuals and institutions are situated. This historical othering provides not just a racialized geo-historical contextualization, but also works to preclude the recognition of the some of the most vulnerable urban community members. As urbanists and advocates strive to co-create urban space and place with municipalities, meeting the needs of these residents is imperative. In order to meet these needs, their lived experiences, and voices must be fully recognized and engaged in the processes and programs of urban co-creation, including in digital spaces and forums. Critical to achieving recognition acknowledging and situating contemporary digital discourses between local municipalities, Black residents, and Black networks within this historically racialized arc is necessary. In doing so, explore if, and how, race, specifically Blackness, is enacted in municipal digital discourse, whether these enactments serve to advance or impede resident recognition and participation, and how Black users, as residents and social network curators, engage and respond to these municipal discursive enactments. This exploratory research is a geographically and digitally multi-sited incorporated comparison of Chicago, Illinois, and Johannesburg South Africa. Using Twitter and ethnographic data collected between December 1, 2019, and March 31, 2020, this research layers digital ethnographic mixed methods and qualitive mixed methods, including traditional ethnographic, digital ethnographic, grounded theory, social change and discourse analysis, and frame analysis to explore three research goals. First, explore the digital discursive practices and frames employed by municipalities to inform, communicate with, and engage Black communities, and, if and how, these frames are situated within a historically racialized arc. Second, identify the ways in which Black residents, in dual discursive engagements with local municipalities and their own social networks, interact and engage with the municipal frames centering on Blackness. Third, through ethnographic narratives, acknowledge the marginalized residents of the Central Business District of Johannesburg, South Africa as "agents of knowledge," with critical and valuable knowledge claims which arise from their lived experiences anchored within racialized place and space. In doing so, support the efforts of these residents in recentering the validity of their knowledge claims in the co-creation of urban place and space. Additionally, in situating the city within a historically racialized arc develop novel frameworks, the racialized palimpsest city and syndemic segregation, through which to explore contemporary urban interactions and engagements.

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17

Woodard, Davon Teremus Trevino. "Frames of Digital Blackness in the Racialized Palimpsest City: Chicago, Illinois and Johannesburg, South Africa." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104658.

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Анотація:

The United States and South Africa, exemplars of "archsegregation," have been constituted within an arc of historical racialized delineations which began with the centering, and subsequent overrepresentation, of European maleness and whiteness as the sole definition of Man. Globally present and persistent, these racialized delineations have been localized and spatially embedded through the tools of urban planning. This arc of racialized otherness, ineffectively erased, continues to inform the racially differentiated geospatial, health, social, and economic outcomes in contemporary urban form and functions for Black communities. It is within this historical arc, and against these differentiated outcomes, that contemporary urban discourse and contestation between individuals and institutions are situated. This historical othering provides not just a racialized geo-historical contextualization, but also works to preclude the recognition of the some of the most vulnerable urban community members. As urbanists and advocates strive to co-create urban space and place with municipalities, meeting the needs of these residents is imperative. In order to meet these needs, their lived experiences, and voices must be fully recognized and engaged in the processes and programs of urban co-creation, including in digital spaces and forums. Critical to achieving recognition acknowledging and situating contemporary digital discourses between local municipalities, Black residents, and Black networks within this historically racialized arc is necessary. In doing so, explore if, and how, race, specifically Blackness, is enacted in municipal digital discourse, whether these enactments serve to advance or impede resident recognition and participation, and how Black users, as residents and social network curators, engage and respond to these municipal discursive enactments. This exploratory research is a geographically and digitally multi-sited incorporated comparison of Chicago, Illinois, and Johannesburg South Africa. Using Twitter and ethnographic data collected between December 1, 2019, and March 31, 2020, this research layers digital ethnographic mixed methods and qualitive mixed methods, including traditional ethnographic, digital ethnographic, grounded theory, social change and discourse analysis, and frame analysis to explore three research goals. First, explore the digital discursive practices and frames employed by municipalities to inform, communicate with, and engage Black communities, and, if and how, these frames are situated within a historically racialized arc. Second, identify the ways in which Black residents, in dual discursive engagements with local municipalities and their own social networks, interact and engage with the municipal frames centering on Blackness. Third, through ethnographic narratives, acknowledge the marginalized residents of the Central Business District of Johannesburg, South Africa as "agents of knowledge," with critical and valuable knowledge claims which arise from their lived experiences anchored within racialized place and space. In doing so, support the efforts of these residents in recentering the validity of their knowledge claims in the co-creation of urban place and space. Additionally, in situating the city within a historically racialized arc develop novel frameworks, the racialized palimpsest city and syndemic segregation, through which to explore contemporary urban interactions and engagements.
Doctor of Philosophy
The United States and South Africa, exemplars of "archsegregation," have been constituted within an arc of historical racialized delineations which began with the centering, and subsequent overrepresentation, of European maleness and whiteness as the sole definition of Man. Globally present and persistent, these racialized delineations have been localized and spatially embedded through the tools of urban planning. This arc of racialized otherness, ineffectively erased, continues to inform the racially differentiated geospatial, health, social, and economic outcomes in contemporary urban form and functions for Black communities. It is within this historical arc, and against these differentiated outcomes, that contemporary urban discourse and contestation between individuals and institutions are situated. This historical othering provides not just a racialized geo-historical contextualization, but also works to preclude the recognition of the some of the most vulnerable urban community members. As urbanists and advocates strive to co-create urban space and place with municipalities, meeting the needs of these residents is imperative. In order to meet these needs, their lived experiences, and voices must be fully recognized and engaged in the processes and programs of urban co-creation, including in digital spaces and forums. Critical to achieving recognition acknowledging and situating contemporary digital discourses between local municipalities, Black residents, and Black networks within this historically racialized arc is necessary. In doing so, explore if, and how, race, specifically Blackness, is enacted in municipal digital discourse, whether these enactments serve to advance or impede resident recognition and participation, and how Black users, as residents and social network curators, engage and respond to these municipal discursive enactments. This exploratory research is a geographically and digitally multi-sited incorporated comparison of Chicago, Illinois, and Johannesburg South Africa. Using Twitter and ethnographic data collected between December 1, 2019, and March 31, 2020, this research layers digital ethnographic mixed methods and qualitive mixed methods, including traditional ethnographic, digital ethnographic, grounded theory, social change and discourse analysis, and frame analysis to explore three research goals. First, explore the digital discursive practices and frames employed by municipalities to inform, communicate with, and engage Black communities, and, if and how, these frames are situated within a historically racialized arc. Second, identify the ways in which Black residents, in dual discursive engagements with local municipalities and their own social networks, interact and engage with the municipal frames centering on Blackness. Third, through ethnographic narratives, acknowledge the marginalized residents of the Central Business District of Johannesburg, South Africa as "agents of knowledge," with critical and valuable knowledge claims which arise from their lived experiences anchored within racialized place and space. In doing so, support the efforts of these residents in recentering the validity of their knowledge claims in the co-creation of urban place and space. Additionally, in situating the city within a historically racialized arc develop novel frameworks, the racialized palimpsest city and syndemic segregation, through which to explore contemporary urban interactions and engagements.

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18

Diniz, Junior Paulo Carvalho. "Serviços telemáticos em uma rede de transporte público baseados em veículos conectados e dados abertos." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2691.

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Анотація:

VINNOVA;KTH;URBS
Um conceito bastante em voga atualmente e o de cidades inteligentes. Ele define um tipo de desenvolvimento urbano capaz de reduzir os impactos ambientais, melhorando os modelos atuais de acesso a recursos naturais, transportes, gestão do lixo, climatização residencial e sobretudo a gestão da energia (produção e distribuição). O massivo volume de dados produzidos por cidades inteligentes oferece uma grande oportunidade para analisar, compreender e melhorar o modo como elas funcionam e se desenvolvem. Esta explosão na quantidade de informações tem elevado a importância do aprendizado a partir de dados a um patamar extremamente elevado. Esta dissertação tem por objetivo descrever uma metodologia para aquisição e exploração de dados de um dos mais importantes pilares de cidades inteligentes: o sistema de transporte público. Como obter, armazenar e utilizar tais dados a fim de prover a todos os envolvidos, serviços telemáticos de alto valor agregado e o problema que se busca resolver neste trabalho. Cinco serviços telemáticos são propostos sob forma de prova de conceito: avaliação da cobertura da rede de transporte atual, seguida de uma proposta de novas linhas de ônibus; avaliação indireta da ocupação diária dos ônibus da cidade; cerca-eletrônica com os limites geográficos definidos pelos itinerários das linhas; serviços de alerta de velocidade e de manutenção. Os resultados são bastante coerentes e promissores, abrindo um grande leque de possíveis trabalhos futuros a serem explorados.
Smart city is a very trendy concept today. It defines a type of urban development capable of reducing environmental impacts, enhancing current models of access to natural resources, better transportation systems, waste management, residential climatization and, above all, energy management (production and distribution). The huge data volume produced by smart cities offers a great opportunity to analyze, understand and improve the way cities work and grow. This explosion in the amount of digital information has elevated the importance of learning from data to a higher level. This document aims at describing a methodology for acquiring and exploring data from one of the most important pillars of smart cities: the public transportation system. How to acquire, store and use such data in order to provide to all stakeholders telematics services with high added value is the problem that is sought to solve in this work. Five telematics services proof of concept are proposed: assessment of current network coverage followed by the proposal of some new bus lines; indirect evaluation of buses’ passengers occupation during the day; geofence with geographical boundaries according to itineraries; speed alert and maintenance reminder services. The results are very coherent and promising, opening up a wide range of possible future work to be explored.

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19

Shawki, Hoda Sherif. "Gender-related differences in housing preferences a qualitative approach /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1195154886.

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20

Shayesteh, Ebrahim. "Efficient Simulation Methods of Large Power Systems with High Penetration of Renewable Energy Resources : Theory and Applications." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Elektriska energisystem, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-158946.

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Electrical energy is one of the most common forms of energy these days. Consequently, electric power system is an indispensable part of any society. However, due to the deregulation of electricity markets and the growth in the share of power generation by uncontrollable renewable energies such as wind and solar, power system simulations are more challenging than earlier. Thus, new techniques for simplifying these simulations are needed. One important example of such simplification techniques is the power system reduction. Power system reduction can be used at least for four different purposes: a) Simplifying the power system simulations, b) Reducing the computational complexity, c) Compensating the data unavailability, and d) Reducing the existing uncertainty. Due to such reasons, power system reduction is an important and necessary subject, but a challenging task to do. Power system reduction is even more essential when system operators are facing very large-scale power systems and when the renewable energy resources like hydro, wind, and solar have a high share in power generation. This thesis focuses on the topic of large-scale power system reduction with high penetration of renewable energy resources and tries to pursue the following goals: • The thesis first reviews the different methods which can be used for simplifying the power system studies, including the power system reduction. A comparison among three important simplification techniques is also performed to reveal which simplification results in less error and more simulation time decrement. • Secondly, different steps and methods for power system reduction, including network aggregation and generation aggregation, are introduced, described and discussed. • Some improvements regarding the subject of power system reduction, i.e. on both network aggregation and generation aggregation, are developed. • Finally, power system reduction is applied to some power system problems and the results of these applications are evaluated. A general conclusion is that using power system simplification techniques and specially the system reduction can provides many important advantages in studying large-scale power systems with high share of renewable energy generations. In most of applications, not only the power system reduction highly reduces the complexity of the power system study under consideration, but it also results in small errors. Therefore, it can be used as an efficient method for dealing with current bulk power systems with huge amounts of renewable and distributed generations.

The Doctoral Degrees issued upon completion of the programme are issued by Comillas Pontifical University, Delft University of Technology and KTH Royal Institute of Technology. The invested degrees are official in Spain, the Netherlands and Sweden, respectively. QC 20150116

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21

Akhtar, Farhan Hussain. "Use of inverse modeling in air quality management." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37213.

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Inverse modeling has been used in the past to constrain atmospheric model parameters, particularly emission estimates, based upon ambient measurements. Here, inverse modeling is applied to air quality planning by calculating how emissions should change to achieve desired reduction in air pollutants. Specifically, emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) are adjusted to achieve reductions in tropospheric ozone, a respiratory irritant, during an historic episode of elevated concentrations in urban Atlanta, GA. Understanding how emissions should change in aggregate without specifying discrete abatement options is particularly applicable to long-term and regional air pollution management. Using a cost/benefit approach, desired reductions in ozone concentrations are found for a future population in Atlanta, GA. The inverse method is applied to find NOx emission adjustments to reach this desired reduction in air pollution. An example of how emissions adjustments may aid the planning process in two neighborhoods is demonstrated using urban form indicators from a land use and transportation database. Implications of this method on establishing regional and market-based air quality management systems in light of recent legal decisions are also discussed. Both ozone and secondary particulate matter with diameters of less than 2.5μm (PM2.5) are formed in the atmosphere from common precursor species. Recent assessments of air quality management policies have stressed the need for pollutant abatement strategies addressing these mutual sources. The relative contribution of several important precursor species (NOx, sulfur dioxide, ammonia, and anthropogenic volatile organic compounds) to the formation of ozone and secondary PM2.5 in Atlanta during May 2007 - April 2008 is simulated using CMAQ/DDM-3D. This sensitivity analysis is then used to find adjustments in emissions of precursor species to achieve goal reductions for both ozone and secondary PM2.5 during a summertime episode of elevated concentrations. A discussion of the implications of these controls on air pollutant concentrations during the remaining year follows.

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22

Picinato, Luis Carlos Molina. "Determinação de curvas caracteristicas de unidades produtivas utilizando simulação de sistemas." [s.n.], 1999. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/264318.

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Анотація:

Orientador: Oswaldo Luiz Agostinho
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-26T00:09:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Picinato_LuisCarlosMolina_M.pdf: 10983707 bytes, checksum: 744dc466209cb542546002c28c0683b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999
Resumo: Para enfrentar a crescente competitividade, as atuais empresas ainda executam as suas principais funções de gerenciamento utilizando soluções padrões. Isto ocorre principalmente com relação às atividades de Planejamento e Controle da Produção -PCP. Tais soluções normalmente são insensíveis às relações entre parâmetros operacionais do sistema produtivo, e portanto, não oferecem um suporte adequado aos processos decisórios associados ao PCP. Neste contexto, este traballio, propõe a utilização de Curvas Características em sistemas descentralizados de PCP, subdivididos em Unidades Produtivas. Essas curvas descrevem as relações entre níveis de inventário em processo, tempo de fluxo e nível de utilização do sistema. Para determinar essas relações, foi desenvolvida uma metodologia baseada em técnicas de simulação discreta, que é aplicada em Unidades Produtivas, no caso prático estudado. Os resultados mostram que o processo de determinação das curvas utilizando-se técnicas de simulação é viável, assim como a utilização das curvas podem representar uma importante ferramenta para o controle do fluxo produtivo. Foi também demonstrado que as curvas obtidas podem ser ajustadas em um processo contínuo de mellioriada modelagem do sistema produtivo
Abstract: To face increasing competitive pressures, companies still perform their main management functionsmaking use of standard pattem solutions. This occurs mainlywith regard to the activities of Production Planning and Control - PPC. Such solutions are normallyinsensitiveto the relations among operational parameters of the production system, and consequent1y,do not offer suitable support to the decisive process associated to the PPC. In this sense, this work proposes the use of the "Characteristic Curves" in the decentralized PPC systems (subdivided in Production Units). These curves describe the relations between levels of work in process, flow time and leveI of the system utilization. To establish these relations, a methodology was developed based on discrete simulation techniques, which is applied in Production Units, through a practical case study. The results show that the process of determination of the curves by making use of simulation techniques is viable, as well as that the utilization of the curves can represent an important tool to the control of production flow. It is also shown that the obtained curves can be adjusted in a continuous improvement process ofthe production system modeling
Mestrado
Materiais e Processos de Fabricação
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

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23

Battaglia, Michael J. "A multi-methods approach to determining appropriate locations for tree planting in two of Baltimore's tree-poor neighborhoods." Ohio : Ohio University, 2010. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1275679254.

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24

Loureiro, Sérgio Adriano 1979. "Análise dos impactos dos arranjos relacionais em transportes por modelo multiagentes." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257992.

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Анотація:

Orientador: Orlando Fontes Lima Junior
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T02:17:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Loureiro_SergioAdriano_D.pdf: 5368762 bytes, checksum: 1781e72a8cf4d20d8bee367454e47738 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: Nas últimas décadas as diversas transformações promovidas na sociedade pelo desenvolvimento econômico e da tecnologia da informação tem refletido no surgimento de novos e complexos modelos de relacionamentos entre empresas. Neste contexto sistemas logísticos balanceados, eficientes e responsivos têm fundamental importância para manutenção da vantagem competitiva das empresas e sua consequente sobrevivência no mercado. Apesar da abrangência e do grande número de estudos sobre cadeias de suprimentos percebe-se que os modelos de avaliação existentes não abordam o problema de forma integrada. Estes modelos não contemplam as complexas e pulverizadas interações existentes entre os diversos agentes na cadeia de suprimentos nem tratam de forma integrada elementos de poder, dinheiro e confiança que tem caracterizados os relacionamentos entre empresas neste novo contexto. Esta tese tem como objetivo investigar os diferentes modelos de arranjos relacionais existentes entre empresas na cadeia de suprimentos, desenvolver um modelo conceitual e computacional que permita avaliar o impacto dos diferentes arranjos relacionais sobre a cadeia de suprimentos e aplicar o modelo em um caso de transportes. Para atingir o objetivo proposto foi adotada uma estratégia de trabalho composta por pesquisa bibliográfica, estudo de casos e experimentação através de modelagem computacional. Com base nos subsídios teóricos e práticos encontrados é possível uma maior compreensão do fenômeno de construção das cadeias de suprimentos, utilizando tanto uma visão tradicional que considera o processo de cima para baixo (top-down), quanto a visão moderna que estuda a formação de redes colaborativas e cooperativas construídas de forma emergente (bottom-up). O modelo computacional desenvolvido permite simular a dinâmica destes relacionamentos e avaliar o desempenho das cadeias de suprimentos frente a diferentes políticas e estratégias de relacionamentos.?O modelo desenvolvido foi aplicado a um problema típico de transporte de cargas para avaliar o desempenho de diferentes políticas de gestão de relacionamentos para empresas do setor
Abstract: In recent decades the various changes brought on by society and economic development of information technology is reflected in the emergence of new and complex models of relationships between companies , logistics systems where balanced , efficient, and responsive are extremely important to maintaining the competitive advantage of companies and their subsequent survival in the market . Despite the breadth and the large number of studies on supply chains, realize that the valuation models developed do not address the problem in an integrated way, considering the complex and sprayed interactions between the different actors in the supply chain and elements of power, money and trust that has characterized the relationships between companies in this new context. This thesis aims to investigate different models of relational arrangements between companies in the supply chain, develop a conceptual and computational model to assess the impact of different relational arrangements on the supply chain. To reach that goal was adopted a search strategy consisting of literature, case studies and experimentation using computer modeling. Based on the theoretical and practical information can be found a greater understanding of the phenomenon of building supply chains , using both a traditional view that considers the process from top to bottom (top-down) , as the modern view that studies the formation of collaborative networks and cooperatives constructed as emergent (bottom-up) . The computational model developed to simulate the dynamics of these relationships and evaluate the performance of supply chains to different policies and strategies of relationships. The model was applied to a typical problem of load transportation to evaluate the performance of different policies of managing relationships
Doutorado
Transportes
Doutor em Engenharia Civil

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25

Nilsson, Daniel. "Analysis and simulation of systems for delivery of fuel straw to district heating plants /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5721-1.pdf.

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26

Han, Yong-Hee. "Dynamic Sequencing of Jobs on Conveyor Systems for Minimizing Changeovers." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/4877.

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This research investigates the problem of constrained sequencing of a set of jobs on a conveyor system with the objective of minimizing setup cost. A setup cost is associated with extra material, labor, or energy required due to the change of attributes in consecutive jobs at processing stations. A finite set of attributes is considered in this research. Sequencing is constrained by the availability of two elements ??orage buffers and conveyor junctions. The problem is motivated by the paint purge reduction problem at a major U.S. automotive manufacturer. First, a diverging junction with a sequence-independent setup cost and predefined attributes is modeled as an assignment problem and this model is extended by relaxing the initial assumptions in various ways. We also model the constrained sequencing problem with an off-line buffer and develop heuristics for efficiently getting a good quality solution by exploiting the special problem structure. Finally, we conduct sensitivity analysis using numerical experiments, explain the case study, and discuss the use of the simulation model as a supplementary tool for analyzing the constrained sequencing problem.

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27

Buisson, Jocelyn. "Un modèle d'environnement pour la simulation multi-agents des déplacements en milieu urbain." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BELF0252/document.

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La simulation constitue une approche majeure pour la conception, le développement, l’analyse et l’évolution des systèmes urbains. Dans le contexte de cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à la modélisation et à la simulation des déplacements de flux (piéton, véhicule, cycle) au sein d’environnements urbains. Le contexte industriel dans lequel s’inscrit également cette thèse impose de considérer les déplacements de chaque entité dans un univers modélisé en trois dimensions. Nous proposons d’aborder les nombreux défis scientifiques et technologiques en modélisant les flux sous la forme d’entités autonomes appelées agents. La simulation orientée-agent nécessite de définir trois mécanismes principaux : le comportement des agents, leurs interactions avec les autres agents et leurs interactions avec l’environnement dans lequel ils évoluent. Ce dernier modélise la structure du monde ainsi que sa dynamique endogène. Malheureusement, il reste difficile de trouver des modèles d’environnement répondant aux différentes problématiques scientifiques et technologiques abordées dans cette thèse. Par conséquent, nous proposons un modèle d'environnement, nommé HEDGE (HEterogenous Dual Graph Environment). Il est basé sur une décomposition de l’environnement en zones reliées par des liens de navigation et de perception. Cette structure de graphe est au centre de notre modèle. Elle a été conçue pour permettre une modélisation naturelle de l’environnement et une simulation efficace du système constitué par cet environnement et les agents. Les missions et les processus dynamiques de l’environnement sont modélisés à l’aide de mécanismes inspirés des lois de la Physique. Les actions fournies par les agents et par les algorithmes calculant la dynamique endogène de l’environnement sont des forces à appliquer aux objets du monde. Un modèle de détection et de résolution de conflits entre ces forces est utilisé afin de garantir un état cohérent du modèle de l’environnement. Dans la dernière partie de cette thèse, nous illustrons l’utilisation du modèle HEDGE dans le cadre de deux projets d’aménagement de la ville de Belfort et de sa communauté d’agglomérations Le produit de l’application de ce modèle est utilisé à des fins d’études techniques (études préliminaires, avant-projet), de communication (concertations et débats publics) et de promotion (expositions, valorisation) sous la forme de logiciels interactifs en 3D
Simulation constitutes a major approach for the conception, development, analysis and evolution of urban systems. This thesis focusses on the modeling and simulation of movements (pedestrian, vehicle, cycle) within urban environments. The industrial context associated with this thesis requires to consider the movements of each entity in a three dimensional universe. In this thesis, we propose to address the scientific and technological challenges by using autonomous entities, called agents, to model the individuals. In agent-based simulation three elements must be defined: the agent behaviors, their interactions with other agents, and with the environment. The environment models the structure of the world and its endogenous dynamics. Unfortunately, it is still difficult to find an environment model that answers all the different scientific and technological problems addressed in this thesis. Consequently, an environment model named HEterogenous Dual Graph Environment (or HEDGE) is proposed. The HEDGE model is based on a decomposition of the environment using zones that are linked with navigation and perception links. This graph structure is at the center of our model. It is designed to “naturally” model the environment, and it allows an efficient simulation of the system composed of the environment and the agents. The environment’s missions and dynamic processes are modeled using mechanisms, which are inspired by the laws of Physics. The actions provided by the agents and the endogenous dynamics algorithms correspond to physical forces to apply to objects in the world. A model of conflict detection and resolution between those forces is used to ensure the coherence of the environment model state. In the last part of this thesis, the HEDGE model is used in the context of two urban planning projects in the city of Belfort, and its metropolitan area. The product of this model’s application is used in the context of technical studies (preliminary studies, pre-project), communication (consultation and public debates) and promotion (exposition, valorization) in the form of interactive 3D software

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28

Gunnarsson, Henrik. "Actionplanering och Samarbete (APAC) mellan multipla AI-agenter." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Medie- och Informationsteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-108864.

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Анотація:

This thesis covers an implementation of an artificial intelligence (AI) system for cooperation between multiple AI-agents. It was done as a part of a master thesis in Media Technology and a master thesis in Computer Engineering at Linköping University, campus Norrköping. The aim of the project was to explore modern techniques in AI and also develop a platform where this AI is implemented for the upcoming educational purposes. The idea is that students can use the system as a base to extend, learn and implement their own AI algorithms. Based on a literature study in AI systems the decision was made to base APAC on the GOAP system, a scalable planning architecture designed for real-time control of autonomous character behavior in games. The result of the thesis is a virtual world, made in Unity3D and C#, where the system is being used by virtual agents to build a city.

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29

Santos, Roberto Oliveira. "Metodologia para localização de estações meteorológicas: comparação entre abordagens exata e heurística." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2013. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/490.

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Анотація:

Este trabalho apresenta um método para o planejamento da implantação de uma estrutura de rede de monitoramento meteorológico que utiliza o resultado do modelo numérico de previsão do tempo MBAR como parâmetro para a avaliação da qualidade das soluções candidatas. O problema é abordado com o uso dos modelos de problemas de localização discretos: o Problema de Cobertura de Conjuntos (Set Covering Location Problem) e o Problema de Cobertura Máxima (Maximal Covering Location Problem). O problema de planejamento da estrutura é dividido em duas fases. Na primeira fase, busca-se determinar a quantidade mínima necessária e localização de estações meteorológicas necessárias para atender todos os locais de demanda. Na segunda etapa, busca-se determinar a ordem de instalação das estações meteorológicas, maximizando a área de cobertura a cada nova instalação. O método proposto é detalhado, apresentando as etapas envolvidas, as informações de entrada e saída de cada etapa e as alterações necessárias para avaliação de outros algoritmos. Um conjunto de três cenários foi planejado utilizando os limites políticos do Estado do Paraná e as informações de rodovias, áreas urbanas e altimetria. O primeiro cenário avaliou-se a capacidade das abordagens utilizadas em resolver o Problema de Cobertura de Conjuntos. No segundo cenário avaliou-se a capacidade das abordagens utilizadas em resolver o Problema de Cobertura Máxima e no terceiro cenário propõe-se o Problema de Cobertura Máxima considerando a existência de uma rede de monitoramento anterior no local do experimento. Na resolução do problema foram comparadas abordagens exata e heurística. Na abordagem exata utilizou-se o método Branch & Bound para resolução do problema via Programação Linear Inteira Mista. Na abordagem heurística utilizou-se a estratégia evolutiva Evolução Diferencial. O método proposto destaca-se pela ﬂexibilidade na substituição dos métodos utilizados na abordagem, permitindo a avaliação de outras técnicas.
This paper presents a method for planning the deployment of a network’s infrastructure for meteorological monitoring that uses the results of the numerical weather prediction MBAR as parameter for evaluating the quality of candidate solutions. The problem is addressed with the use of models for discrete location problems: the Set Covering Location Problem and Maximal Covering Location Problem. The problem of planning the structure is divided into two phases. In the ﬁrst phase, we seek to determine the minimum required a mountand location of weather stations required to meet all demand. In the second step, we seek to determine the order of installation of weather stations, maximizing the coverage area for each new installation. The proposed method is detailed, presenting the steps involved, the input and output information of each step and the changes necessary to evaluate other algorithms. A set of three scenarios was designed using the political boundaries of the State of Paraná, highways, urban areas and altimetry information. The ﬁrst scenario evaluates the ability of the approaches used to solve the Set Covering Location Problem. In the second scenario, we evaluated the ability of the approaches used to solve the Maximal Covering Location Problem and the third scenario proposes the Maximum Coverage Location Problem considering the previous existence of a monitoring network. For the solution of these problems it was compared exact and heuristic approaches. The exact approach used the method Branch & Bound for solving the problem via Mixed Integer Linear Programming. The heuristic approach used the evolutionary strategy Differential Evolution. The proposed method is distinguished by ﬂexibility for substitution of the methods used, allowing the evaluation of other techniques.

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Saujot, Mathieu. "Analyse économique et simulation prospective dans la planification de la ville sobre en carbone : Application à Grenoble du modèle TRANUS+." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00982385.

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La planification urbaine stratégique en France se voit chargée de manière croissante des questions environnementale et climatique. Mais est-elle réellement capable d'infléchir les dynamiques d'étalement ainsi que de former un cadre efficace pour la réduction des émissions des transports ? Et que peuvent apporter l'analyse économique et la simulation prospective à la démarche de planification ? Pour y répondre nous avons replacé notre analyse de l'apport des outils économiques à la planification urbaine dans la perspective d'ensemble de réforme politique et administrative du contexte français. Cela a pris la forme d'une analyse critique de la pratique actuelle de la planification, des évolutions à l'œuvre et des conditions d'une meilleure intégration de l'analyse économique dans la démarche et les méthodes de planification. Nous avons construit et utilisé sur le cas de Grenoble, des outils d'analyse économique permettant de traiter la question des politiques climatiques locales dans la planification, d'une manière prospective et systémique. Il s'agit de la 1ère application du modèle de simulation urbanisme-transport TRANUS en France, et de son utilisation dans le cadre d'une méthodologie économique pour produire des courbes de coût d'abattement intégrant le caractère systémique de la ville pour le secteur des transports. Le modèle et la méthodologie économique qui lui est adossée constituent ce que nous appelons l'outil TRANUS+. Nous avons également réinterrogé plusieurs points à partir du cadre de la planification urbaine : la question du choix des outils de modélisation ainsi que celle des modalités du calcul économique, la question de la vulnérabilité énergétique liée à la mobilité, celle enfin du déploiement des véhicules électriques. Cela nous permet d'avoir une vision d'ensemble des apports de la planification et des voies pour la renforcer.

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Ogier, Maxime. "Contributions à la chaine logistique numérique : conception de circuits courts et planification décentralisée." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00981923.

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Анотація:

Le concept de chaîne logistique numérique regroupe l'ensemble des modèles, méthodes et outils qui permettent de planifier les décisions sur des prototypes numériques de chaîne logistique. Dans ce travail de thèse, nous proposons deux contributions à la chaîne logistique numérique. Nos résultats se destinent en particulier aux réseaux de Petites et Moyennes Entreprises/Industries. D'une part, nous étudions deux nouveaux problèmes liés à la conception de réseaux logistiques en circuits courts et de proximité pour les produits agricoles frais. Pour chacun d'eux nous proposons une formulation en Programme Linéaire à Variables Mixtes. De plus des méthodes de résolution fondées sur des décompositions du modèle nous permettent de résoudre des instances de grande taille. Pour chaque problème, cette approche est mise en œuvre sur une étude de cas menée avec plusieurs collectivités territoriales. D'autre part, nous étudions le problème de planification tactique des activités de production, de transport et de stockage. Contrairement aux approches classiques centralisées, nous considérons que les décisions des différents acteurs sont prises de manière décentralisée. Nous étudions la manière de décomposer les décisions entre les acteurs ainsi que leurs comportements individuels. Nous analysons aussi des protocoles de concertation basés sur un échange limité d'informations. Afin de répondre à la double complexité du problème, nous proposons un outil innovant qui couple une simulation à base de multi-agents à des approches d'optimisation par programmation mathématique.

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Galván, William Felix Angeles. "Estudo do impacto dos modelos de propagação no desempenho de protocolos ad hoc em um ambiente VANET urbano." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2016. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1824.

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Анотація:

CAPES
Diferentes estudos avaliaram o desempenho de protocolos de roteamento Ad hoc para redes veiculares. No entanto, a maioria deles não são realistas pois utilizam modelos de propagação simples para redes veiculares sobre ambiente urbano, o que limita a precisão dos resultados. O objetivo deste trabalho é comparar o impacto no desempenho dos protocolos de roteamento Ad hoc (entre eles AODV, DSR, DYMO e OLSR) em diferentes modelos de propagação (entre eles Espaço Livre, Dois Raios, Nakagami e Sombreamento Log Normal) com valores de parâmetros reais em um mapa urbano real. Os cenários e parâmetros das simulações foram desenvolvidos nos simuladores Omnet++ e SUMO. As métricas avaliadas foram atraso médio fim-a-fim e a taxa de entrega de pacotes. Os resultados mostraram que o comportamento dos protocolos varia bastante conforme o modelo utilizado (modelos simples ou complexos). A contribuição deste trabalho diz respeito à configuração e avaliação de um cenário veicular real em um ambiente urbano, para ser base de estudos futuros e permitir que eles conheçam a resposta desses protocolos de roteamento em diferentes modelos de propagação.
Different studies evaluated the performance of Ad hoc routing protocols for vehicular networks. However, most of them are not realistic because on propagation models are used simple propagation models for vehicular networks on urban environment, which limits the accuracy of the results. The objective of this study is to compare the performance impact of Ad hoc routing protocols (including AODV, DSR, DYMO and OLSR) under different propagation models (including Free Space, Two Ray Ground, Nakagami and Log Normal Shadowing) with real parameters values in an existing urban map. The scenarios and parameters of the simulations were developed in Omnet++ and SUMO simulators. The evaluation metrics were the average end-to-end delay and the package delivery rate. The results showed that the behavior of protocols varies widely depending on the model used (complex or simple model). The contribution of this work concerns the configuration and evaluation of a real vehicular scenario in an urban environment, to be the basis of future studies to allow them know the response of these routing protocols in different propagation models.

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Rozario, Jewel Augustine, and Osman Abdelkader Hamid. "A systematic approach to assess the relocation of the business centres to a logistics platform: A case study on DHL Freight AB (Sweden)." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Industriell ekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-27244.

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Анотація:

The relocation of logistic companies’ from the inner centres to the logistic platforms significantly affects both the supply chain management and the urban sustainability development. Recently the concept of city logistics and intermodality has received a significant attention from both academics and decision makers. City logistics play a pivotal role to ensure the liveability of urban areas but, in parallel, urban freight transport also has a significant effect on the quality of life in the urban settings. Optimization of urban freight transportation have an important input in the context of sustainability and liveability of cities and urban areas reducing traffic congestion, decreasing road accidents, alleviating CO2 emissions and noise impacts. The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the relocation of a case logistics company from the city centre to a suburban area. To do this, a wide range of literature reviews pertaining the influence of peripheral logistics platform on the city sustainability were investigated. It seems that there are not well-defined models which can make a comprehensive and quantitative assessment in the context of sustainability for the relocation of business premises. Further investigation was done by conducting a case study on DHL, field observation of traffic flow. Based on all the collected information from the relevant sources, a mixed methods research was applied including a qualitative approach and a quantitative approach. A systematic approach was therefore developed in the context of sustainable development which can be used as an assessment tool for the major factors that enlighten the decision makers to consider the relocation of the logistics companies. A systematic approach was developed by this thesis which facilitates the assessment of key factors that impact the relocation decision in the context of all the three sustainable aspects: economic, social and environmental development. These impacts represent traffic congestion, time and distance of transportation, emission, cost optimization and transport mobility.

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Banaszewski, Roni Fabio. "Modelo multiagentes baseado em um protocolo de leilões simultâneos para aplicação no problema de planejamento de transferências de produtos no segmento downstream do sistema logístico brasileiro de petróleo." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2014. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/822.

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CAPES
O segmento downstream da cadeia de suprimentos da indústria brasileira de petróleo é composta por bases de produção (e.g. refinarias), armazenamento (e.g. terminais) e consumo (e.g. mercados consumidores) e modais de transportes (e.g. oleodutos, navios, caminhões e trens). O planejamento da transferência de derivados de petróleo nesta rede multimodal é um problema complexo e atualmente é realizado para um horizonte de três meses com base na experiência de profissionais e sem auxílio de um sistema computacional de apoio à decisão. Basicamente, o problema pode ser visto como uma negociação para alocação de recursos disponíveis (tais como derivados de petróleo, tanques e modais de transporte) pelas diferentes bases envolvidas que necessitam enviar ou receber derivados de petróleo. Na literatura, alguns problemas semelhantes, porém mais voltados para o planejamento de redes formadas por um único tipo de modal de transporte, têm sido tratados por diferentes abordagens, com predominância da programação matemática. Estes trabalhos ilustram a difícil tarefa de modelar grandes problemas por meio desta abordagem. Geralmente, tais trabalhos consideram apenas um curto horizonte de planejamento ou apenas uma parte do problema original, tal como uma parte da rede petrolífera brasileira, gerando limitações importantes para os modelos desenvolvidos. Devido às características do problema em estudo, o qual envolve toda a rede de transporte e apresenta perfil de negociação entre as diferentes entidades envolvidas, surge o interesse da utilização do paradigma de sistemas multiagente. O paradigma de agentes tem sido aplicado a problemas de diferentes contextos, particularmente em problemas de gerenciamento de cadeias de suprimentos devido à sua correspondência natural com a realidade e, em geral, em problemas que envolvem a competição por recursos por meio de mecanismos de negociação com base em leilões. Este trabalho apresenta um novo protocolo de negociação baseado em leilões e aplicação deste protocolo em forma de um modelo multiagente na resolução do problema de planejamento em questão. Os agentes que formam a solução representam principalmente os locais de produção, armazenamento, consumo e os modais de transporte na rede petrolífera brasileira. O objetivo destes agentes é manter um nível de estoque diário factível de cada produto em cada local por meio de transferências de produtos pela rede petrolífera brasileira com preferível redução do custo de transporte. Por fim, este trabalho apresenta a satisfação destes objetivos por meio de experimentos em cenários fictícios e reais da rede brasileira de petróleo.
The Brazilian oil supply chain is composed by oil refineries, consumer markets, terminals for intermediary storage and several transportation modals, such as pipelines, ships, trucks and trains. The transportation planning of oil products in this multimodal network is a complex problem that is currently performed manually based on expertise, for a period of three months, due to the lack of a software system to cover the problem complexity. Such problem involves the negotiation of available resources such as oil products, tanks and transportation modals between different sources and consumption points. Similar problems, but more directed to the planning of single modes of transportation, have been treated by different approaches, mainly mathematical programming. Such works illustrate the difficult task of modeling large problems with this mechanism. Generally, they consider a short horizon planning or only part of the original problem, such as a part of the network, rendering important limitations to the models developed. Due to the characteristics of the problem in study where the full network needs to be considered and there exists negotiation amongst the different entities involved, the usage of multi-agent models seems to be worth to explore. Such models have been applied in different contexts such as to supply chain problems due its natural correspondence with the reality. Furthermore, in problems involving competition for resources, multi-agents negotiation mechanisms based on auctions are commonly applied. Thus, this thesis presents one auction-based solution formed by the cooperation among agents for them to achieve their goals. The agents involved in the auctions represent mainly the production, storage and consumption locations. Their goal is to maintain a daily suitable inventory level for each product by means of transportation through the multimodal network at a low transport cost. Finally, this paper presents the satisfaction of these objectives through experiments on real and fictional scenarios of Brazilian oil network.

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Nikolajevic, Konstanca. "Système décisionnel dynamique et autonome pour le pilotage d'un hélicoptère dans une situation d'urgence." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016VALE0008/document.

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Анотація:

Dans un contexte industriel aéronautique où les problématiques de sécurité constituent un facteur différentiateur clé, l’objectif de cette thèse est de répondre à la problématique ambitieuse de la réduction des accidents de type opérationnel. Les travaux de recherche s’inscrivent dans le domaine des systèmes d’alarmes pour l’évitement de collision qui ne font pas une analyse approfondie des solutions d’évitement par rapport à la situation de danger. En effet, les situations d’urgence en vol ne bénéficient pas à ce jour d’une représentation et d’un guide des solutions associées formels. Bien que certains systèmes d’assistance existent et qu’une partie de la connaissance associée aux situations d’urgence ait pu être identifiée, la génération dynamique d’une séquence de manœuvres sous fortes contraintes de temps et dans un environnement non connu à l’avance représente une voie d’exploration nouvelle. Afin de répondre à cette question et de rendre objective la notion de danger, les travaux de recherche présentés dans cette thèse mettent en confrontation la capacité d’évolution d’un aéronef dans son environnement immédiat avec une enveloppe physique devenant contraignante. Afin de mesurer ce danger, les travaux de recherche ont conduit à construire un module de trajectoires capable d’explorer l’espace en 3D. Cela a permis de tirer des enseignements en terme de flexibilité des manœuvres d’évitement possibles à l’approche du sol. De plus l’elicitation des connaissances des pilotes et des experts d’Airbus Helicopters (ancien Eurocopter) mis en situation d’urgence dans le cas d’accidents reconstitués en simulation a conduit à un ensemble de paramètres pour l’utilisation de la méthode multicritère PROMETHEE II dans le processus de prise de décision relatif au choix de la meilleure trajectoire d’évitement et par conséquent à la génération d’alarmes anti-collision
In the aeronautics industrial context, the issues related to the safety constitute a highly differentiating factor. This PhD thesis addresses the challenge of operational type accident reduction. The research works are positioned and considered within the context of existing alerting equipments for collision avoidance, who don’t report a thorough analysis of the avoidance manoeuvres with respect to a possible threat. Indeed, in-flight emergency situations are various and do not all have a formal representation of escape procedures to fall back on. Much of operational accident scenarios are related to human mistakes. Even if systems providing assistance already exist, the dynamic generation of a sequence of manoeuvres under high constraints in an unknown environment remain a news research axis, and a key development perspective. In order to address this problematic and make the notion of danger objective, the research works presented in this thesis confront the capabilities of evolution of an aircraft in its immediate environment with possible physical constraints. For that purpose, the study has conducted to generate a module for trajectory generation in the 3D space frame, capable of partitioning and exploring the space ahead and around the aircraft. This has allowed to draw conclusions in terms of flexibility of escape manoeuvres on approach to the terrain. Besides, the elicitation of the Airbus Helicopters (former Eurocopter) experts knowledge put in emergency situations, for reconstituted accident scenarios in simulation, have permitted to derive a certain number of criteria and rules for parametrising the multicriteria method PROMETHEE II in the process for the relative decision-making of the best avoidance trajectory solution. This has given clues for the generation of new alerting rules to prevent the collisions

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Tamura, Cintia Akemi. "Análise da influência dos parâmetros edilícios na obtenção de acesso solar nas zonas residenciais de Curitiba." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2010. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/359.

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Анотація:

Edificações construídas conforme os parâmetros permitidos pela legislação de uso do solo nem sempre garantem bons resultados em relação ao acesso solar. Obras com limites em divisas de terrenos, super utilização dos limites de ocupação e de altura legalmente permitidos no município de Curitiba para edificações em zonas residenciais comumente bloqueiam o acesso solar no interior das edificações, causando frequentemente sombreamento, aumento da umidade e frio no período de inverno, condições agravadas pela tendência atual de adensamento e verticalização urbanos. Considerando que Curitiba é a capital mais fria do Brasil, este fato torna-se preocupante sob a análise do conforto ambiental destes edifícios. O trabalho visa contribuir para a melhoria do conforto ambiental em construções residenciais de Curitiba, a partir da elaboração de modelos para verificação da eficácia da legislação vigente, e a proposição de parâmetros obtidos através do conceito de envelope solar que propiciem o ganho efetivo de insolação e luz natural. Para isto, foram realizadas simulações de ocupação de acordo com o permitido por lei no município com os programas Google SketchUp 7.0.657 Pro, AutoCAD 2007 e através de maquete física no equipamento Heliodon. Foram realizadas também simulações com o programa Relux Professional 2007, que forneceu dados em lux para cada implantação avaliada. Os dados obtidos com a simulação de ocupação permitida por lei foram comparados com os obtidos pela simulação desta mesma ocupação com o uso do envelope solar para dimensionamento dos limites máximos construtivos, que demonstrou um acréscimo significativo no ganho de insolação no interior da edificação. Por fim, foram sugeridas as orientações com o melhor potencial de acesso solar para cada Zona residencial avaliada.
Buildings constructed according to the parameters allowed by the law of soil use and occupation do not always yield satisfactory results with regard to solar access. Buildings erected on the plot limits, overuse of the limits of height and occupancy legally permitted in the city of Curitiba for buildings in residential areas commonly block solar access within the buildings, often causing shading, increased humidity and cold in winter conditions, together with the current trend of urban densification and verticalization. Considering that Curitiba is the coldest capital of Brazil, this fact becomes alarming with regard to indoor comfort analyses in such buildings. The thesis aims to contribute for the improvement of environmental comfort in residential buildings in Curitiba, presenting models to check the effectiveness of the current legislation in providing solar gains and daylight, next to the use of the solar envelope concept. For this, simulations were carried out regarding maximum plot occupation permitted by law with Google SketchUp 7.0.657 Pro, AutoCAD 2007 and by means of a physical model in the Heliodon device. Were also carried out simulations with the software Relux Professional 2007, which provided data in lux evaluated for each deployment The similarity of the results confirmed the reliability of the method. The data obtained from the simulation of maximum occupancy were compared to those obtained considering the use of the solar envelope concept, the latter showing a significant increase in daylight inside the building. Finally, guidelines have been suggested with the best potential for solar access for each residential area evaluated. Keywords: Soil use and occupation. Insolation. Daylight. Simulation. Solar envelope.

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Campos, Giovana de Almeida Coelho. "Análise da influência do sombreamento causado pelos edifícios na zona central de Curitiba." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2014. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1095.

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Анотація:

O crescimento urbano e o ritmo acelerado na concentração de pessoas nas cidades são inevitáveis. A verticalização das construções como solução para atender a necessidade da máxima ocupação do solo e para justificar a infraestrutura investida pelo poder público nas áreas centrais, causa consideráveis impactos no entorno em que estão inseridas. Contudo, a urbanização em si não é um problema, e sim a forma como as cidades estão sendo construídas e ocupadas. Diante disso, o trabalho apresenta como objetivo principal a verificação da influência do sombreamento gerado pelos edifícios altos dentro de um recorte definido na zona com maior capacidade de verticalização em Curitiba. Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida em quatro etapas: a primeira, de fundamentação teórica com o estudo da literatura existente sobre o tema, a segunda para definição da região de estudo na cidade e os períodos a serem analisados, a terceira etapa para delimitação do recorte de estudo com análises de cada período e, a quarta com a elaboração das simulações computacionais nos softwares Auto CAD, Sketchup Pro, Excel e Ecotect para obtenção de resultados. Durante a evolução da pesquisa, verificou-se que, de fato, o nsombreamento causado pelos edifícios altos comprometem consideravelmente as construções vizinhas a eles e todo o seu entorno imediato. Além disso, foi concluído que Curitiba, uma cidade considerada fria, sofre nos períodos de inverno com o excessivo sombreamento nas áreas públicas entre quadras. Em contrapartida, as áreas abertas de lazer estão posicionadas adequadamente e não se prejudicam com a verticalização da Zona Central. De qualquer forma, a intenção de redução de impacto gerado por esses processos deve ser planejada em um contexto mais significativo. A elaboração de projetos deve ter como premissa a adequação ao clima e ao contexto local, da mesma forma que devem ser analisados os impactos ambientais dessas sobre as construções vizinhas e os espaços externos localizados em uma área de influência. A idéia de preservar o skyline já consolidado na cidade, evitando edifícios muito altos, pode ser uma alternativa para minimização dos impactos de sombreamento.
Urban growth and the fast pace in the concentration of people in cities are inevitable. Building verticalization as a solution to attend the need of maximum land use and to justify the infrastructure invested by the government in central areas, cause considerable impacts on the environment which they are. However, urbanization is not a problem itself, but how cities are being built and occupied. Thus, the main goal of this work is to verify the shadow influence caused by tall buildings in a specific area inside of the zone with more capacity of verticalization in Curitiba. This research was developed in four steps: the first one was to study the existing literature about this topic, second to define study section in the city and periods to be analyzed, third step to delimit a zoom of study with analysis about all periods and, fourth with computer simulations on Auto CAD, Sketchup Pro, Excel and Ecotect softwares to obtain important results. During the evolution of this work, it was verified that the shading caused by tall buildings undertake considerably neighboring buildings and all surrounding area. Furthermore, it was concluded that Curitiba, a cold city, suffers in winter season due to excessive shading in public spaces between blocks. On the other hand, open spaces as squares are correctly positioned and do not harm with verticalization on the downtown zone. Anyway, the intention to reduce the impact caused by these processes must be planned in a more embracing context. Project elaboration must consider local climate and urban context, just as the environmental impacts of those on neighboring buildings and on open spaces. The idea of preserving skylines already consolidate, avoiding tall buildings, can be an alternative to minimize shading impacts.

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Nahas, Mohamed M. El. "Energy saving through urban design : a microclimatic approach / Mohamed M. El Nahas." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/19077.

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Bibliography: p. 133-144.
x, 170 p. : ill. ; 30 cm.
This thesis investigates the impact on residential energy use for climate control or urban design variables, such as building density, spacing and orientation. Energy use for heating/cooling is predicted in a range of urban configurations that are compatible with the following objectives: wind shelter and solar access in winter and urban ventilation and shading in summer.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Architecture, 1997?

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Pietsch, Susan Mary. "The effective use of three dimensional visualisation modelling in the routine development control of urban environments : a thesis submitted to Adelaide University in candidacy for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy / by Susan Mary Pietsch." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21774.

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"June 2001."
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 346-352)
vii, 428 leaves : ill., plates (some col.) ; 30 cm.
Investigates technical and cultural issues in using three dimensional computer visualisation modelling in a busy Australian city planning office, the local Council of the City of Adelaide, taking two directions: a modelling approach that emphasizes abstract, quick to create 3D models; and, by examining the social and organizational issues. This dual view paints a broader picture of the potential of 3D modelling within planning practice including the impediments and possible solutions to them.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Architecture, 2002

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Ada, Neil Ross. "Stochastic simulation for planning optimal log hauling operations." Phd thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/143472.

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41

Aitken, David William. "The conceptual design and development of simulation-based workshops." Master's thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150047.

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42

Heap, Nicholas Ian. "The synoptic and dynamic paradigms of city planning : re-interpreting planning methods through Newtonian physics and chaos theory." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/6264.

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The goal of city planning is the ordering of the city. Modern city planners have adopted a particular paradigm of order, originally developed during the Industrial Revolution when the profession of city planning came into existence. This "synoptic" planning method replaced traditional views of order with a new world-view which stressed a 'scientific' understanding of natural ordering processes. Because the natural ordering processes described by Newtonian physics were the only ones known to Victorian science, city planners have subsequently understood scientifically-valid 'order' to be limited to that produced by "Newtonian systems". The characteristics of Newtonian systems are examined in the thesis, and are related to specific aims and assumptions of synoptic planning as revealed in examples of theory and practice. Since the late 1950's, many practical and theoretical shortcomings of the synoptic planning method have become apparent. While there have been many attempts to reform the practice of synoptic planning, its fundamental reliance upon the axioms of linear dynamical systems has barely been acknowledged, let alone questioned. As a result, none of the reforms suggested in planning methods to date have managed to resolve the profession's current crisis of faith. However, recent scientific discoveries have been made regarding a second type of natural ordering processes, popularly termed "chaos", and referred to as "Lorenzian systems" within the thesis. Given that Lorenzian systems are order-creating processes, and that city planning seeks to promote order, this thesis argues that in addition to "synoptic" planning, there could additionally be a method of "dynamic" planning based upon the characteristics of Lorenzian systems. Consequently, the characteristics of Lorenzian systems are also explored, and their axioms are extrapolated to create a hypothetical method of "dynamic" planning. Independent precedents in planning theory and practice which accord with the aims and assumptions derived for this hypothetical method are employed to demonstrate the plausibility of dynamic planning. Because dynamic planning may well prove similarly ineffective in important areas of city planning, the thesis concludes that dynamic planning should be seen as a useful adjunct to, but not a replacement for, synoptic planning.

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43

TSAI, JUEI-HSING, and 蔡瑞興. "A study of construction methods and planning system model for top-down method in Taipei city." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73417600188164155778.

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44

Elvin, David. "An Analysis of Methods for Identifying Local Import Substitution Opportunities to Foster Sustainable Regional Economies." 2008. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/141.

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Import substitution presents many economic development opportunities that can help regions achieve greater economic sustainability and self-reliance. Yet import substitution is largely neglected in economic development theory, practice and literature. There are few methods and resources available to planners trying to identify import substitution opportunities. However, impending economic challenges, such as energy market instability, climate change and carbon emissions regulation, mean that planners will be called upon with greater frequency and urgency to help regional economies adapt. This study offers and evaluates two methods for identifying import substitution opportunities within a regional economy. The first method is rooted in economic base theory, the dominant approach to regional economic development since the 1930s. The second method is derived from industrial cluster analysis, a much-used economic planning approach since the 1990s. Analysis of these two methods and their application to the Springfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area suggest that: 1) both methods show promise as screening tools to help planners focus economic development resources on subsequent industry research efforts, such as surveys, which are essential to the development of effective policy initiatives; 2) the industrial cluster analysis method is capable of identifying a wider range of candidate industries; 3) the economic base theory method may be more effective in smaller regions; and 4) the economic base theory method is useful for estimating leakage. The study also demonstrates that import substitution integrates aspects of economic base theory, particularly the capability to identify leakage and opportunities to increase industry multipliers, with the facets of industrial cluster analysis that emphasize local interindustry linkages and value chain networks.

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45

Howard, Bianca Nichole. "Methods for Analysis of Urban Energy Systems: A New York City Case Study." Thesis, 2016. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8W66KQW.

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This dissertation describes methods developed for analysis of the New York City energy system. The analysis specifically aims to consider the built environment and its' impacts on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Several contributions to the urban energy systems literature were made. First, estimates of annual energy intensities of the New York building stock were derived using a statistical analysis that leveraged energy consumption and tax assessor data collected by the Office of the Mayor. These estimates provided the basis for an assessment of the spatial distribution of building energy consumption. The energy consumption estimates were then leveraged to estimate the potential for combined heat and power (CHP) systems in New York City at both the building and microgrid scales. In aggregate, given the 2009 non-baseload GHG emissions factors for electricity production, these systems could reduce citywide GHG emissions by 10%. The operational characteristics of CHP systems were explored further considering different prime movers, climates, and GHG emissions factors. A combination of mixed integer linear programing and controlled random search algorithms were the methods used to determine the optimal capacity and operating strategies for the CHP systems under the various scenarios. Lastly a multi-regional unit commitment model of electricity and GHG emissions production for New York State was developed using data collected from several publicly available sources. The model was used to estimate average and marginal GHG emissions factors for New York State and New York City. The analysis found that marginal GHG emissions factors could reduce by 30% to 370 g CO₂e/kWh in the next 10 years.

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46

Cassola, Marie-Adele. "Planning for Equitable Neighborhood Change: A Mixed-Methods Analysis of 80 Cities’ Displacement Mitigation Approaches." Thesis, 2018. https://doi.org/10.7916/D84B4HR9.

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City governments across the United States are struggling to keep housing and services affordable for lower-income households as neighborhood conditions improve in previously disinvested areas. Despite considerable fiscal and political constraints, numerous cities are tackling this challenge through policy tools that protect the stock of low-cost housing and support lower-income residents’ ability to remain in place when reinvestment raises the threat of displacement. Drawing on a framework informed by theories of equity planning, the Just City, and redistributive policy action, this study examines how cities are mitigating displacement in neighborhoods at risk of gentrification and analyzes the conditions that motivate, facilitate, and shape their policy responses. Data were collected through an original survey of housing, planning, and community development officials, a systematic review of policy documents, and semi-structured interviews with city officials and community advocates. Through sequential quantitative and qualitative analyses, I show that although city governments possess and are using diverse tools to create more equitable outcomes in neighborhoods at risk of gentrification, their tendency to delay action until market appreciation is advanced, dependence on market-based tools amid fiscal constraint, and need to balance neighborhood-based and city-wide goals weaken their capacity to tackle displacement. This study concludes that proactive approaches that address reinvestment and long-term affordability concurrently would minimize the tensions associated with the timing, form, and scale of intervention. Cities’ demonstrated responsiveness to community organizing suggests one key channel through which such a policy shift could be activated.

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47

Lin, Liao Chia-Hong, and 林廖嘉宏. "The Application of City Information Model for Urban Planning and Simulation: A Case Study of Kaohsiung Cijin Redevelopment." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6vverc.

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碩士
國立高雄大學
創意設計與建築學系碩士班
107
Although urban planning still relies on 2D plenary map data today, the paper and digital cartographic information and data respectively used in early stage and recent years have a gap with realistic 3D spatial data. In other words, the traditional and conventional cartographic system cannot timely solve problems derived from 3D information integration, complex dimensions and the comprehensive decision- making support system. Therefore, an optimal approach, such as Building Information Modeling (BIM) for the management of constructions and application of decision-making resources, is recommended. The acquisition of building management and maintenance information; completion of all types of urban planning targets; and multi-dimensional integration are becoming even more important to human due to their functionality and availability. Urban information modeling is an effective tool integrated with current urban planning and 3D information and decision support systems. Concerning visualization of the future, it can effectively and quickly produce simulations of different regions and situations. As the first in Taiwan, we have adopted CIM (city information model) software, official data and other software in this study. Besides, we also established an urban planning system framework based on the Cijin redevelopment project, enabling the users to have more ideas in urban planning when using the aforesaid software. For example, use CIM to simulate Cijin after the redevelopment based on various scenarios; provide a solution for quickly handling urban planning and political decision issues. With respect to urban marketing and information, the users are expected to receive good results therefrom.

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48

Mkhize, Zanele G. N. "Motion planning algorithms for autonomous robots in static and dynamic environments." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5364.

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M.Ing.
The objective of this research is to present motion planning methods for an autonomous robot. Motion planning is one of the most important issues in robotics. The goal of motion planning is to find a path from a starting position to a goal position while avoiding obstacles in the environment. The robot's environment can be static or dynamic. Motion planning problems can be addressed using either classical approaches or obstacle-avoidance approaches. The classical approaches discussed in this work are: Voronoi, Visibility graph, Cell decomposition and Potential field. The obstacle avoidance approaches discussed in this research are: Neural network, Bug Algorithms, Dynamic Window Approach, Vector field histogram, Bubble band technique and Curvature velocity techniques. In this dissertation, simulation results and experimental results are presented. In the simulation, we address the motion planning issues using points extracted from a map. Algorithms used for simulation are: Voronoi algorithm, Hopfield neural network, Potential field and A* search algorithm. The simulation results show that the approaches used are effective and can be applied to real robots to solve motion planning problems. In the experiment, the Dynamic Window Approach (DWA) is used for obstacle-avoidance, a Pioneer robot explores the environment using an open source system, ROS (Robot Operating System). The experiment proved that DWA can be used to avoid obstacles in real time. keywords Motion planning, autonomous robot, optimal path problems, environment, search algorithm, classical approaches, obstacle avoidance approaches, exploration.

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49

Vermeulen, Stephanus Jacobus Daniël. "Bestuursimulasie vir strategiese bestuur by plaaslike owerhede." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9529.

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M.Comm. (Strategic Management)
The turbulent and swiftly changing business environment assigns very big requirements and challenges to managers of all enterprises. Because of the current political and constitutional process of reform, local authorities find themselves on the verge of dramatical structural change. Traditionally local authorities operated in a relatively predictable and inert environment. The turbulent and swiftly changing environment, together with the expected structural changes, assign unprecedented demands and challenges to the managers of local government. To enable managers to handle these requirements and challenges to the optimal benefit of their residents and businessmen, the advancement of strategic management is of utmost importance. This study is directed at the distinguishing of potential requirements and challenges that could be assigned to managers in local government and to local government's pressing need of strategic management. A discussion of the use of computerbased management simulation as support to strategic mana~ment training in local government is included in the study. The central purpose of the study is to distinguish different applications of management simulation as an aid to the promotion of strategic management in local government and to indicate the value thereof. Management simulation can successfully be used to provide managers in local authority with simulated experience of the practical application of strategic management theory. Managers get the opportunity of strategically directing a simulated local authority and in this way they can make decisions without the need to fear for the consequences of erroneous decisions. There is no doubt that management simulation can make a worthwhile contribution to the advancement of strategic management in local government.

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50

Laurien, Jeff. "An examination on alternative methods of community development/design." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/5816.

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The prevailing development pattern of sprawling suburbs prevents sustainability and can no longer be tolerated . Since the end of WWII the "American Dream" to own a single - family home on a large lot away from the blight of downtowns has greatly reduced the quality of life of North Americans. To reverse this trend sustainable development/ sustainability must be society’s goal. This means that the actions of society - particularly where community development/design is concerned - must promote environmental integrity, economic vitality , and social well - being . The recent New Urbanism Movement which focuses on community development/design makes this important realization . In doing so, it has fostered a series of alternative methods of community development/design which promote environmental integrity , economic vitality , and social well-being. The most prominent examples are Traditional Neighbourhood Development, Transit Oriented Development, and, more recently in Canada, the Metropolitain Purlieu . However, these concepts are not panaceas to sustainability and can gain further insight from earlier development/design projects such as Village Homes in California . By combining the best of the ideas from these concepts and supplementing them with further ideas a concept which further enhances environmental integrity , economic vitality , and social well - being is developed. However, such a concept is only useful if it can be successfully implemented. Thus, prominent barriers to sustainable community development/design such as uncertainty over cost and marketability , and inadequate regulations / guidelines to allow for or promote alternative methods of development/design must be overcome. One method of achieving this is through the use of the performance point system which is devised here. Regardless of the method of implementation used to enhance the environmental integrity , economic vitality , and social well-being of a community, it is clear that immediate action is required . Without it, the quality of life of North Americans will continue to deteriorate and sustainability will not be realized .

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