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Книги з теми "Citrus strike"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 27 липня 2024

Оновлено: 28 липня 2024

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1

Natalie, Domeisen, International Institute Stop Disasters, International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction., and Great Britain. Overseas Development Administration., eds. Cities at risk: Making cities safer... before disaster strikes. Naples: International Institute Stop Disasters, 1996.

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2

translator, Tamosaitis Amber, and Fay Shannon author, eds. Citrus. [Los Angeles, California]: Seven Seas Entertainment, LLC, 2018.

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3

Keil, Thomas J. On strike!: Capital Cities and the Wilkes-Barre newspaper unions. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1988.

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4

Tebaldi, Dino. Ferrara: Le strade del silenzio. Ferrara: G. Vicentini, 1991.

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5

Faben, Roberto. Tredici città: Storie, strade e visioni dal mondo. Roma: Manifestolibri, 2005.

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6

Leonardo, Rombai, and Florence (Italy :. Province), eds. Le Strade provinciali di Firenze: Geografia, storia e toponomastica. Firenze: L.S. Olslchki, 1992.

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7

Savini, Maria Teresa Mazzilli. Architetture medievali e strade: Itinerari nella Lombardia occidentale. Palermo: D. Flaccovio, 2009.

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8

Mannini, Marcello. Le strade e i popoli della podesteria di sesto nel XVI secolo. Firenze: Provincia di Firenze, 1991.

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9

Morley, Jacqueline. A tale of two cities. Hauppauge, NY: Barron's Educational Series, 2008.

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10

Ryuta, Osada, and Dickens Charles 1812-1870, eds. A tale of two cities. London: SelfMadeHero, 2010.

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11

Berardini, Matteo. Strade di fuoco: La città nel cinema criminale americano anni '80. Milano: Bietti, 2022.

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12

Yongpeng, Mu, ed. Cheng shi jiao sha: Er zhan zhong de cheng shi zuo zhan = City operations in World War II : strangling strikes on cities. Beijing Shi: Jun shi ke xue chu ban she, 2004.

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13

Simone, Gail. Welcome to Tranquility. New York: WildStorm, 2008.

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14

Simone, Gail. Welcome to Tranquility. La Jolla, Calif: Wildstorm Productions, 2008.

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15

Shelton, Jon. “Who is Going to Run the Schools?” Teacher Strikes and the Urban Crises of 1972–73. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040870.003.0004.

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This chapter chronicles a wave of contentious teacher strikes in 1972-73 and shows that teacher unions’ collective bargaining efforts clashed with the limited budgets of many of the nation’s largest cities. This conflict led many residents of these metropolitan areas to argue that teachers were guilty of both facilitating fiscal crisis and setting poor examples for the young people they taught since dire conditions led many teachers to believe that striking was necessary even though they broke the law in the process. The chapter documents a strike that shut down Philadelphia for three months in 1972-73; turns to Chicago and St. Louis, where teachers were on strike simultaneously; and concludes by examining the lengthy teacher strike in Detroit in the fall of 1973.

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16

Hill, Laura Warren. Strike the Hammer. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501754258.001.0001.

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On July 24, 1964, chaos erupted in Rochester, New York. This book examines the unrest — rebellion by the city's Black community, rampant police brutality — that would radically change the trajectory of the Civil Rights movement. After overcoming a violent response by State Police, the fight for justice, in an upstate town rooted in black power movements, was reborn. That resurgence owed much to years of organizing and resistance in the community. This book examines Rochester's long Civil Rights history and, drawing extensively on oral accounts of the northern, urban community, offers rich and detailed stories of the area's protest tradition. The book paints a compelling picture of the foundations for the movement. Now, especially, this story of struggle for justice and resistance to inequality resonates. The book leads us to consider the social, political, and economic environment more than fifty years ago and how that founding generation of activists left its mark on present-day Rochester.

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17

Lightning strikes. Roseville, CA: Blue Squirrel Press, 2014.

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18

Saburouta. Citrus. 2017.

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19

Wolf, Richard K. Tone and Stroke. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038587.003.0003.

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This chapter examines the importance of tone and stroke melody in the rhythmic patterns of South Asian drumming traditions. Many musicians and listeners in South Asia are interested in the relation of what they consider classical music to what they consider folk music. Some emphasize the distinction when wishing to make a point about what constitutes true musical knowledge (usually knowledge associated with the “classical”). This chapter explores the practice of naming and defining drum patterns based on the author's fieldwork in a number of cities, towns, and rural regions in India and Pakistan. It also discusses the role of melody and rhythm in the definition of patterns by looking at examples of (tone-) melodies accompanied by drums, such as functionally specific genres that combine wind-instrument melodies with drum patterns. The chapter highlights the complex ways in which tone and stroke melodies may vie for primacy within a genre or across different items in the drum repertoire.

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20

Saburouta. Citrus. 2015.

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21

Jentz, John B., and Richard Schneirov. Combat in the Streets. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036835.003.0006.

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This chapter discusses the great railroad strike of 1877. In the summer of 1877, the United States experienced its first national strike, an unorganized, spontaneous rebellion of working people in cities from Baltimore and Pittsburgh to St. Louis and Chicago. The Great Strike produced a fundamental change in public awareness. Beforehand, according to Socialist and labor leader George Schilling, “the labor question was of little or no importance to the average citizen.” After the strike, no one could deny that there was a “labor question” or a working class that did not feel on an “equal footing” with the rest of society. In the new climate of opinion, the Socialists prospered because they had answers to the new labor question, whereas others had denied its existence.

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22

Shelton, Jon. The Pittsburgh Teacher Strike of 1975–76 and the Crisis of the Labor-Liberal Coalition. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040870.003.0006.

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This chapter documents the nation’s longest and most contentious teacher strike in the immediate wake of the New York City fiscal crisis of 1975, after which New York and many other cities were forced on the path of municipal austerity. In December, 1975 the Pittsburgh school board worried about the high cost of teacher salary increases, even though the city was in a very strong financial position. The Pittsburgh teacher union went on strike and the local court issued an injunction. In the Steel City, a contentious public discussion erupted over the teachers’ illegal strike and the connection between teacher salaries and taxes. Indeed, a robust version of taxpayer resistance to teachers had emerged by the end of the strike.

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23

McReynolds, Louise. Urban Russia at the. Edited by Simon Dixon. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199236701.013.017.

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Because the history of prerevolutionary urban Russia has largely been written from the perspective of the revolution that engulfed all cities in 1917, historians have traditionally concentrated on the failures of urbanization, the limited ability of both state and local officials to manage growth and the horrific conditions at most factories. Since the collapse of the USSR in 1991, however, labour history as the dominant mode of analysing urban history has given way to scholarship taking the ‘cultural turn’ and focus has shifted from strikes and strikers towards an investigation into how people experienced city life. This chapter follows that trend, taking the emergence of the modern industrial city as a topic in its own right, and examining not only familiar facets of urbanization such as in-migration, demographic flux and industrial unrest, but also conspicuous consumption, leisure and nightlife, religion and the role of women in urban society and culture.

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24

Mitrani, Sam. 1877 and the Formation of a Law-and-Order Consensus. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038068.003.0006.

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This chapter examines the role of the Chicago Police Department in putting down the massive strikes that erupted in 1877 as well as the response of the city's business elite to the crisis. The strikes marked a turning point for the department and its response provides a vivid illustration of how the Chicago police reconciled democratic politics with the industrial capitalist order through violence. In these strikes, the most dramatic and disorderly they had yet to confront, the police seemed little more than hired thugs of the city's businessmen. In part, the police played this role because Chicago's businessmen organized themselves as never before. This chapter explores how the breakdown of ethnic solidarity and the beginnings of relatively coordinated working-class action pushed Chicago's businessmen to consolidate around a law-and-order program as never before by forming new powerful organizations, including the Citizens' Association of Chicago and the Commercial Club of the City of Chicago, that solidly supported law and order.

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25

Shelton, Jon. Dropping Dead. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040870.003.0005.

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This chapter documents the New York City fiscal crisis of 1975. The city’s drastic position had been caused by its robust promise of social welfare state coupled with national economic downturn and deindustrialization. Free market ideologues who opposed social democracy, however, blamed teacher unions and recipients of “welfare” (Aid to Families with Dependent Children). Many middle- and working-class whites in New York City joined in popularizing this explanation, and by the time the federal government bailed out the city in late 1975, the “commonsense” narrative was that the city’s “unproductive” citizens had caused the crisis. The most dramatic confrontation over the city’s path toward austerity occurred when President Albert Shanker led a United Federation of Teachers strike in September 1975.

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26

Saburouta. Citrus: Secret love affair with sister. 2017.

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27

Saburouta. Citrus: Secret love affair with sister. 2016.

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28

Jentz, John B., and Richard Schneirov. Class and Politics during the Depression of the 1870s. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036835.003.0005.

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This chapter looks at Chicago's working class during the 1873 depression, during which all major industries experienced steep declines in revenues, and perhaps a third of the nation's workers lost their jobs. With the start of the 1873 depression, it quickly became apparent that the city's unskilled, largely immigrant working class could not be ignored. Distinctly different from the crowds during the eight-hour strike in 1867, the marches of the unemployed in December 1873 marked a new era in the history of Chicago's working class. Indeed, the December 1873 marches helped push the city's upper class into new self-awareness and political action, while crystallizing divisions between Anglo Americans and central Europeans in the Chicago labor movement.

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29

Lee, Alexander. Communes, Signori, and Empire. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199675159.003.0002.

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In the sixth canto of the Purgatorio, Dante Alighieri lamented the pitiable condition of Italy. Though once the donna di provincie, it was now the ‘dwelling place of sorrow’. Bereft of peace, its cities were wracked by constant strife. Attributing this to the absence of imperial governance, he called on Albert of Habsburg to right Italy’s woes with all haste. As this chapter shows, the earliest humanists embraced the imperial cause for much the same reasons. Although aware of the condition of the regnum Italicum, they were concerned primarily with the affairs of individual cities, and used their classical learning to rationalize the character of urban life. Worn down by civil strife, they too called upon kings and emperors to restore their peace and liberty. But while some associated the Empire with signorial government, the most striking and persistent appeals to imperial authority came from humanists living under communal regimes.

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30

translator, Ross Catherine (Translator), and Fay Shannon adapter, eds. Citrus: Secret love affair with sister. Seven Seas, 2014.

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31

Saburouta. Citrus: Secret love affair with sister. 2015.

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32

Saburouta. Citrus: Secret love affair with sister. 2015.

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33

Architetture medievali e strade: Itinerari nella Lombardia occidentale. Palermo: D. Flaccovio, 2009.

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34

Scott, Tom. The Burgundian Wars. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198725275.003.0016.

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Debate over the origins of the Burgundian Wars now recognizes that the imperial cities of Alsace alongside Bern, Fribourg, and Solothurn, encouraged by Emperor Frederick III’s declaration of the hostilities as an ‘imperial war’, launched a pre-emptive strike against Duke Charles the Bold of Burgundy in 1474/5. At the same time the western Swiss cities were equally keen to deter participation by the eastern cantons which might simply be an excuse for plunder. The early campaigns were led by the Bernese councillor and diplomat Niklaus von Diesbach, but after his death (August 1475) the campaigns continued, directed against the Savoy governor of the Vaud (a Burgundian partisan). Only then did Charles the Bold retaliate, leading to the famous Swiss victories at Grandson, Morat, and Nancy. A principal beneficiary were the Valais communes who annexed the Savoyard Lower Valais, while Bern and Fribourg took temporary control of the Vaud.

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35

Klug, Thomas A. Employers’ Path to the Open Shop in Detroit, 1903–7. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040818.003.0004.

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Thomas Klug focuses on the city of Detroit, a major battleground in employers’ fight for open-shop conditions. Challenging the conventional story that seeks to show that the city’s employers, organized in the Employers’ Association of Detroit, enjoyed victories with little difficulties during a major strike in 1907, Klug has discovered that the organization was characterized by considerable amounts of internal tension. While organization spokespersons promoted the open-shop publicly, some members quietly negotiated with skilled workers, recognizing that collective bargaining offered the promise of industrial peace. Yet all members of the Employers’ Association of Detroit proclaimed their support for the open-shop principle.

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36

Per antiche strade: Caratteri e aspetti delle città medievali. Roma: Viella, 2013.

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37

Case, strade, giardini: L'arte e la città dalla modernità a oggi. Roma: Aracne, 2008.

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38

Shelton, Jon. From Labor Liberalism to Neoliberalism. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040870.003.0001.

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This chapter introduces the reader to the phenomenon of teacher strikes in the US between the mid-1960s and the early 1980s. It argues that contentious conflicts over urban public education brought on by teacher unions’ struggle for good salaries and control over working conditions exposed three interlocking limits to New Deal labor liberalism: the failure to provide public employees full union rights, the inability to ensure that African-Americans in the nation’s largest cities enjoyed equal educational and economic opportunities, and the drastic, insoluble fiscal crises brought on by deindustrialization and economic downturn in the nation’s biggest cities. The chapter also charts the new neoliberal order that emerged from the ashes of the decline of labor liberalism.

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39

A Tale Of Two Cities. Sterling, 2011.

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40

Connell, Tula A. Public Interest vs. Public Employees. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039904.003.0008.

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This chapter highlights the city's contentious debate over the right of public employees to bargain, strike, and otherwise enjoy the same economic and workplace rights as unionized private-sector workers. As the numbers of public employees increased throughout the decade, both blue-and white-collar city workers increasingly asserted their rights. Their efforts raised questions anew about the role of government and the extent to which workers should have control over their working conditions. The concerted push for public-employee bargaining rights that began in Milwaukee ultimately resulted in Wisconsin becoming the first state to adopt collective bargaining for public employees. Yet municipal workers unexpectedly encountered some of their strongest opposition in City Hall, where the mayor and some liberal members of the Milwaukee Common Council proved unlikely opponents.

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41

Feinberg, Melissa. Soporific Bombs and American Flying Discs. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190644611.003.0005.

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This chapter examines the longing for war among the largely anticommunist population of East European exiles. Refugees imagined that war would liberate their countries from Communist rule. Often, they claimed such a war would not harm their homelands, fantasizing that an American atomic strike on major Soviet cities would remove Communist regimes while leaving Eastern Europe untouched or that the Americans had a “soporific bomb” that would put all the Communists to sleep, enabling their easy removal. These fantasies of liberation fed off the West’s own characterization of East Europeans as captive peoples. Both East European and American propaganda emphasized Eastern Europe’s essential powerlessness in the face of greater enemies. Combined with the realities of Stalinist rule, this rhetoric of powerlessness led many émigrés to claim the mantle of captivity, taking refuge in their own inability to fight Communism without Western aid.

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42

Bussel, Robert. “A Trade Union Oriented War on the Slums”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039492.003.0011.

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This chapter examines how the establishment of the St. Louis Civic Alliance for Housing rejuvenated Harold Gibbons and Ernest Calloway's vision of working-class citizenship and total person unionism. It begins with a background on the nine-month-long rent strike by public housing tenants in St. Louis and Gibbons's role in negotiating an end to the conflict, followed by a discussion on the Civic Alliance for Housing, a new entity that would help administer the city's public housing. It then considers the controversial NAACP election, focusing on questions raised about Evelyn Roberts's leadership and Calloway's role, and how the election exacerbated fissures among African American leaders. It also looks at two entities founded by Gibbons and Calloway, America 2000 and the Tandy Area Council, along with Calloway's unsuccessful bid for an area congressional seat in 1968.

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43

Mitrani, Sam. Chicago’s Anarchists Shape the Police Department. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038068.003.0008.

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This chapter examines how the Chicago Police Department was transformed by its struggle with the city's anarchist and socialist movement during the 1870s and 1880s. Compared with the department's interaction with the wider labor movement and the working class generally, the relationship between the police and the militant workers' organizations varied solely in degree. The police and the anarchists consistently faced each other with unmistakable hostility. The first real mass confrontation between the anarchists and the police took place during the 1877 upheaval, when the police broke up their meetings with violence. But in the 1880s, the anarchist organizations grew rapidly in size and increasingly set themselves against the police. This chapter shows that the conflict between the police and the anarchists shaped the development of the Chicago Police Department, in part due to the threat of mass strikes, riots, and revolution that pushed the city's elite to seek a strong force that could be relied on to respond to the workers' movement.

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44

Fever in Urbicand (Cities of the Fantastic). Nantier Beall Minoustchine Publishing, 1990.

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45

Shelton, Jon. The “Fed-up Taxpayer”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040870.003.0007.

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This chapter chronicles the new reality faced by urban teacher unions after the emergence of austerity regimes in many American cities. It charts teacher strikes in St. Louis (1979) and Philadelphia (1980 and 1981). In each case, teacher unions faced staunch taxpayer resistance to salary increases, and in the case of Philadelphia, a mayor who dealt with massive budget deficits by reneging on a collectively-bargained contract. As importantly, in Philadelphia, opponents of the “unproductive” urban poor and unionized teachers began to imagine market reforms of the public education system. The chapter concludes by documenting the emergence of vouchers in order to understand the mounting challenge of neoliberalism to American public education.

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46

McDougal, Topher L. Trade Networks and the Management of the Combat Frontier. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792598.003.0007.

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This chapter fleshes out the causal mechanisms motivating the results of Chapter 5 with interviews of traders who cross the Maoist territorial border. It contends the hierarchical form of the caste-based Indian society gives rise to trade networks in which a caste-based division of labor arises: lower-castes engage in local trade, higher-castes in long-distance trade. By enforcing the caste bar on tribal people in long-distance trade, long-distance traders ensure that trade taking place between Maoist-held hinterlands and government-controlled cities remains in the hands of an elite few. Those elite long-distance traders can then strike deals with Maoist cells for trade access, thereby incentivizing Maoists to firmly hold onto their own territory, while discouraging them from taking over such profitable towns. Moreover, this mechanism helps explain why well-connected towns are less violently targeted by rebels: they tend to have more upper-caste traders, limiting their bargaining power vis-à-vis Maoist cell leaders.

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47

Surdam, David George. The Beginnings (1946–48). University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037139.003.0003.

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This chapter examines the origins of the BAA, which was fraught with disappointment and difficulties. The nascent BAA sought the two advantages of territorial rights and the reserve clause that other professional team sports league owners possessed, but the league faced competition from an incumbent league—the National Basketball League (NBL). The two basketball leagues contested just one or two cities and were largely able to avoid a ruinous bidding war for players, including graduating college talent. This low level of strife was unique to professional basketball and may have contributed to the eventual success of those teams that survived. The BAA owners also made crucial decisions regarding revenue sharing, team salary caps, and differentiating their product from the college game.

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48

Krawczynski, Keith T. Daily Life in the Colonial City. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400637087.

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“An exploration of day-to-day urban life in colonial America. The American city was an integral part of the colonial experience. Although the five largest cities in colonial America--Philadelphia, New York, Boston, Charles Town, and Newport--held less than ten percent of the American popularion on the eve of the American Revolution, they were particularly significant for a people who resided mostly in rural areas, and wilderness. These cities and other urban hubs contained and preserved the European traditions, habits, customs, and institutions from which their residents had emerged. They were also centers of commerce, transportation, and communication; held seats of colonial government; and were conduits for the transfer of Old World cultures. With a focus on the five largest cities but also including life in smaller urban centers, Krawczynski's nuanced treatment will fill a significant gap on the reference shelves and serve as an essential source for students of American history, sociology, and culture. In-depth, thematic chapters explore many aspects of urban life in colonial America, including working conditions for men, women, children, free blacks, and slaves as well as strikes and labor issues; the class hierarchy and its purpose in urban society; childbirth, courtship, family, and death; housing styles and urban diet; and the threat of disease and the growth of poverty.”

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49

Ng, Wing Chung. Urbanization of Cantonese Opera. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039119.003.0003.

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This chapter details the urban shift of Cantonese opera after the turn of the century, when a new kind of troupe came into being. These were the famous Sheng Gang ban, so named because these companies (ban) performed almost exclusively in the theaters of the twin cities in South China. The first part traces the process of urbanization to two developments underlying the formation of Sheng Gang ban: the beginning of commercial theater houses in Hong Kong and Guangzhou, and the involvement of merchant capital in the theater business in the form of an opera business house ( xiban gongsi). The second half of the chapter offers a close-up analysis of these Sheng Gang troupes, from 1919 to the outbreak of the General Strike in Hong Kong in the summer of 1923. Available information, especially in daily newspaper advertisements, allows us to put together a detailed picture of these opera troupes for the first time. The records show a dynamic performance community that undertook ongoing adaptation to the urban milieu, and they enable us to appraise the major aesthetic, business, and institutional outcomes.

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1962-, Dover Victor, ed. Street design: The secret to great cities and towns. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014.

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