Щоб переглянути інші типи публікацій з цієї теми, перейдіть за посиланням: Citizen's initiative.
Статті в журналах з теми "Citizen's initiative"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 статей у журналах для дослідження на тему "Citizen's initiative".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте статті в журналах для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
1
Organ, James. "Decommissioning Direct Democracy? A Critical Analysis of Commission Decision-Making on the Legal Admissibility of European Citizens Initiative Proposals." European Constitutional Law Review 10, no. 3 (December 2014): 422–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s157401961400131x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
European Citizens' Initiative – Direct democracy: power to the people? – Legal framework of the Citizen's Initiative – Review and critical analysis of Commission Registration decisions for European Citizens' Initiative proposals – Admissibility criteria – Inconsistency in registration decisions – Increased legal burden on European citizens' initiative organisers – Institutional mediation or direct democracy?
2
Davies, Bleddyn. "Giving EU Citizens a voice: Regulation 211/2011 on the EU Citizen's Initiative." Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law 33, no. 3 (September 2011): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09649069.2011.626253.
Повний текст джерела
3
Red'ko, Aleksandr. "Legal awareness and legal education as a form of implementation of legal initiative." Advances in Law Studies 9, no. 3 (October 7, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2409-5087-2021-9-3-1-5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The modern society of the Russian Federation is faced with the massive incompetence of specialists in various fields of activity and branches of knowledge. The situation reached such a climax that a person and a citizen began to be openly afraid to get sick, to turn to law enforcement or human rights bodies, to delve into the essence or content of laws in the event of any kind of tort. Setting ourselves the goal of understanding such destructive processes for the state, as well as the ways of their counteraction, we came to the conclusion that these phenomena of objective reality are associated with both external and internal causes, and one of the ways to eliminate them may be recognition and the development of the right of active citizens and civil society to legal initiative.
Considering that the sphere of research interests was in the plane of law, it became possible to conduct a study in the field of legal awareness and legal education, which does not exclude the possibility of using the identified positive and negative aspects for other spheres of human and citizen's life.
4
Al-Yaseen, Hussein, Anas Ratib Al-Soud, and Saheer Al-Jaghoub. "Assessing Jordan's e-Government Maturity Level." International Journal of Electronic Government Research 9, no. 4 (October 2013): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijegr.2013100101.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Similar to other developing countries, Jordan started a national e-government initiative aiming to streamline government procedures and make information and government services available to business and citizens online. This paper presents the results of a study that assessed factors which could influence the awareness level, acceptance and use of e-government services in Jordan. It investigated issues such as: accessibility of e-government, citizen's attitude toward various privacy and security, the required services and costs. A survey has been distributed in one of the largest governorates of Jordan. The results of this preliminary study suggest that awareness of e-government has not reached the required level. These findings are hoped to be useful for researchers, practitioners and policy makers.
5
Bowerman, Mary. "AUDITING PERFORMANCE INDICATORS: THE ROLE OF THE AUDIT COMMISSION IN THE CITIZEN'S CHARTER INITIATIVE." Financial Accountability and Management 11, no. 2 (May 1995): 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0408.1995.tb00168.x.
Повний текст джерела
6
Bellamy, Richard, and John Greenaway. "The New Right Conception of Citizenship and the Citizen's Charter." Government and Opposition 30, no. 4 (October 1, 1995): 469–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1995.tb00139.x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
MANY COMMENTATORS HAVE VIEWED THE CITIZEN'S CHARTER programme as a cynical exercise, having little to do with either the political participation one associates with citizenship or the establishment of a general bill of rights in the manner of the great Charters of the past. Although these criticisms possess some force, they fail to recognize that a distinctive conception of citizenship and rights underlies the initiative. In section one, we give an outline of this view of the citizen and trace its origins in the New Right critique of the social-democratic theory that predominated during the post-war period. This exercise forms a necessary preliminary both for understanding the objectives of the policy, the task of section two, and for assessing its coherence and plausibility, the aim of section three. We shall conclude that the scheme fails because it either substitutes the market for the state where it is inappropriate or omits to do so where it might provejustified. In these respects, the combination of politics and markets from the mixed-economy perspective of the social democratic conception of citizenship may well be superior.
7
De Keersmaecker, Filip, and Philippe Liesenborghs. "Building bridges between organisations and the local community." International Journal of Integrated Care 23, S1 (December 28, 2023): 758. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ijic.icic23293.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction: People long for connection. Yet, our society is increasingly diverse and people can be vulnerable in a number of ways (poverty/(mental) illness/language barriers/...). There is an ever growing need for inclusion, for openness.
Objectives and methods: Since 2016, I seeked to improve my wellbeing - even to recover - by participating in activities outside of the mental health sector. A chance meeting led to a volunteering opportunity for opgewekTienen vzw, a citizen's initiative in my home town. This led to a string of other opportunities, both for myself and others. I helped members of the community - vulnerable or otherwise - to become participants or to enter this vast network of volunteers and witnessed others do the same. Partnerships were forged between the community, the city and a number of social organisations, between the informal and the formal sector, to increase inclusion, both among volunteers as well as participants.
Key findings: People can experience (social) recovery, an increased sense of purpose and belonging, as well as significant personal growth through volunteering.There is a degree of chance in entering the volunteer network. Bridges (bridge figures/partnerships) are helpful and often even instrumental in the participation of vulnerable groups, either as volunteers or participants. Bridges can be built starting from either side (citizens/professionals). However, more often than not it is the community that takes the lead. Employees can be volunteers after work without either the employee or the employer taking advantage of this existing link. Some of the strongest leaders in the volunteering community are employed in the social/mental health sector. Inclusion is not always easy for the network of volunteers. Support is welcome, but can be lacking.
Conclusions: Bridges foster inclusion.
Implications: Be open as an organisation and look actively around for citizen's and community initiatives in your area. Even the smallest of informal initiatives can offer opportunities for inclusion.
Identify, reach out and connect with bridge figures and social entrepreneurs. Explore existing links: volunteers in your own workforce. Stimulate employees and clients to volunteer or participate. Foster interconnection.
Turn these links into a win-win situation and provide support, not by 'taking over' but by being present.
References: www.opgewektienen.be
8
Schiavo, Luca Lo. "Quality Standards in the Public Sector: Differences Between Italy and the UK in the Citizen's Charter initiative." Public Administration 78, no. 3 (January 2000): 679–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9299.00224.
Повний текст джерела
9
Breen, Michael E., and Brian R. Johnson. "Citizen Police Academies: An Analysis of Enhanced Police-Community Relations among Citizen Attendees." Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles 80, no. 3 (September 2007): 246–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1350/pojo.2007.80.3.246.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One current initiative used by many police agencies across the United States to foster better police-community relations is the Citizen's Police Academy (CPA). While CPAs lack a precise academic definition, they can be considered to be a planned programme created by law enforcement agencies to educate their citizens on police operations and management. Over the last 20 years, CPA programmes have rapidly expanded among police agencies in the United States, where it is estimated that approximately 15% of all police agencies have some type of these programmes. This article expands upon the limited research on CPAs by analysing their impact on attendees. Specifically, this article explores changes in the attitudes of 48 CPA attendees who completed a 12-week/36-hour CPA programme at a Sheriff's Department in the state of Michigan. Based on the analysis of pre- and post-test responses, this study found that this particular CPA had a positive impact on the attendees' attitudes towards the police, and their understanding of police operations, crime, and quality-of-life issues in their community.
10
Tárnok, Balázs. "Minority SafePack: A milestone in EU minority policy." Drustveni horizonti 3, no. 5 (2023): 79–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/drushor2305079t.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper examines the Minority SafePack, a European Citizen's Initiative launched in 2013 that called upon the EU to adopt a set of legal acts to improve the protection of persons belonging to national and linguistic minorities and strengthen cultural and linguistic diversity in the Union. Firstly, we shall briefly describe the legal framework and the political perspective of the different EU institutions regarding the EU-level protection of national minorities. Secondly, we shall analyze the subject-matter, history, and signature collection of the Minority SafePack, its refusal by the European Commission, its achievements, including its legal and political relevance, and possible effects on the improvement of the rights of national minorities in the EU in the future. Finally, we shall explain why this initiative, and generally the protection of national minorities within the framework of the EU, is important from a Hungarian perspective, and why the EU should do more to protect the cultural and linguistic identity of national minorities, and thus, uphold national characteristics of the different regions of the EU, including those inhabited by national minorities.
11
Pachuau, Ramthanpuia. "Citizen’s Charter a Mechanism for Accountability: An Analysis of India Conditions." Senhri Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 5, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.36110/sjms.2020.05.02.005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The initiatives of Citizen’s Charter are an effort in solving citizen’s problems that they encounter regularly over a long time while dealing with the government or any other organizations. It is a document of an official statement that ensures the accountability of the organization and their commitment towards the citizen in providing the quality of service. The charter aimed to revolutionize public service by empowering the people who were so long regarded as a silent spectator and a mere receiver on the government policies and programmes. In a democratic country, citizens have become more vocals towards the government responsibilities and they expect the administration not only to respond to their demands but also to foresee their needs in the future. In India, the Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances in Government (DARPG) is in charge of organizing, directing, formulating, and operationalizing Citizen's Charters at the Central Government as well as States Government. However, the fulfillment of Citizen’s Charter in India faced many difficulties due to its government bureaucratic structure and resistant to change in its working system.
12
Aldera, Saja. "Linking Social Media with E-Government Services (Saudi Arabia case study)." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 11, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 2731–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijmit.v11i2.4866.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Governments around the world are adapting the e-government initiative to provide new ways of delivering their services. The e-government initiative aims to increase government performance efficiency; however, there are a number of limitations facing the success of the e-government initiative. One of the key limitations is the citizens’ lack of knowledge about the e-government services which, in turn, requires an in-depth understanding of the citizens’ needs in order to provide them with the right service, at the right time. One way to accomplish this is by using the life-event approach, which is considered to be a citizen-centric approach that matches the citizen’s life-events with the needed e-government services. Moreover, with the increasing population using or organising their lives on social media, some services are turning to organising and recording a person’s life. One such example is the ‘timeline’ on Facebook, in which the events in a person’s life are being recorded, and considered to be a source for capturing citizen’s life-events and needs.This research aims to develop a mechanism to advertise e-government services to citizens by using social media based on the life-event approach. Accordingly, the Social Media - Norm-Based Life-Event (SM-NoBLE) system is implemented with a mechanism for extracting citizen’s life-events from citizen interactions with social media. Then, it matches life-events with relevant e-services using the Norm-Based Life-Event (NoBLE) framework and the concept of norms borrowed from organisational semiotics for the matching mechanism. This research creates a case study of Saudi Arabia to apply the SM-NoBLE system to evaluate accuracy and functionality.
13
Sakamoto, Mayumi, and Haruhisa Nakamichi. "Open Science Initiatives by Sakurajima Volcano Observatory." Journal of Disaster Research 19, no. 1 (February 1, 2024): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2024.p0154.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The sudden eruption and tragedy of Mt. Ontake in 2014, a volcano located in central Japan, showed the fact that the volcanic eruption is the event with uncertainty, and it is important to let citizen to be aware of such uncertainty. To find measures to raise citizen’s disaster awareness, this study focuses on the risk communication between citizens and volcano observatories, which are attached to universities. It examines the role of observatories, focusing on the activities of the Sakurajima Volcano Research Center, which monitors Mt. Sakurajima, one of the most active volcanoes in Japan, and suggests the necessity of human resource development that is able to connect citizen and science.
14
Barbosa, Luisa, Carlos del Cañizo, and Gema Revuelta. "Participatory citizen science in solar energy research: going beyond data collection to promote the energy transition." Journal of Science Communication 21, no. 02 (March 28, 2022): N06. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/2.21020806.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Despite the societal relevance of energy research, there is a distinct lack of citizen science initiatives in the field. This paper reports the experience of a participatory and innovative strategy to develop a citizen science initiative for solar energy research. A number of stakeholders participated in the definition and implementation of the initiative, and tools such as surveys and a hackathon were employed. The process described aims to provide a blueprint for transforming the relationship between citizens and research into societal challenges. Here we describe the collaborative process and analyse the main opportunities, limitations and future perspectives.
15
Vasiliades, Michalis A., Andreas Ch Hadjichambis, Demetra Paraskeva-Hadjichambi, Anastasia Adamou, and Yiannis Georgiou. "A Systematic Literature Review on the Participation Aspects of Environmental and Nature-Based Citizen Science Initiatives." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (July 3, 2021): 7457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137457.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It is commonly argued that, despite the tremendous resonance Citizen Science (CS) has shown in recent years, there is still lack of understanding of important aspects defining citizens’ participation and engagement in CS initiatives. While CS initiatives could provide a vehicle to foster forms of participation contributing to the democratization of science, there is still limited attention paid to the “Citizen” component of the Citizen Science term. For the purpose of this work, we systematically reviewed the available literature for empirical studies in respect to citizens’ participation in environmental and nature-based CS initiatives established during the last two decades, using the PRISMA methodology. The participatory facet of the retrieved 119 CS initiatives was analysed on the basis of: (a) exclusion and inclusion demographic factors, (b) CS models and practices, (c) facilitators and constraints of citizen’s participation, and (d) environmental citizenship. Our findings show that the majority of the CS initiatives did not place restrictions on gender participation; however, we have identified that mostly highly educated adults participated in the reviewed initiatives. In addition, most of the CS initiatives reported in the literature were situated in the EU and USA, were mostly limited to the local scale, and primarily followed the contributory model. Academic institutions were found to coordinate the majority of the CS initiatives examined. By using digital technologies, academic scientists were able to control and increase data quality, as well as to engage a broader audience, even though they were mostly treating volunteers as “data collectors”, desiring their long-term engagement. Therefore, it will be of CS benefit to be better aligned with the mentality and needs of citizens. In this direction CS initiatives should trigger citizens’ learning gains and interpersonal/social benefits and personal, environmental, and social motivations, but also to shift their goals towards contributing to science and citizens’ connection with nature. On the other hand, there is a need to overcome any design and implementation barriers, and to enhance democratization through a more participative engagement of active and aware citizens, thus promoting environmental citizenship.
16
Gawron, Grzegorz. "The Relationship of the Public Sector and Citizens – Co-production in Polish Local Government Units. Empirical Study on Forty-One Units Forming Metropolis GZM." Przegląd Prawno-Ekonomiczny, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 9–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/ppe.13465.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The concept of co-production offers a solution to some of the challenges facing modern societies. It provides an original model for relationship building and a platform for initiating and managing the practicalities between the state and citizenry. When scaled down to the local level, co-production takes on a special role, i.e., public administration liaises directly with citizens through public services. Subsequently, there is value to be gained in observing how co-production develops in this domain. The main purpose of this article is to present the findings regarding the potential co-production has in the implementation of three types of local civic initiatives (Participatory Budget, Local Initiative, Village Fund), all of which may be optionally undertaken in Polish local governments. The empirical basis for this study is the author’s research, conducted in forty-one cities and towns forming one of Polish metropolis GZM.
17
Liu, Xianbing, Yanli Dong, Can Wang, and Tomohiro Shishime. "Citizen Complaints about Environmental Pollution: A Survey Study in Suzhou, China." Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 40, no. 3 (September 2011): 193–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810261104000308.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper discusses environmental complaints made by citizens living close to industrial polluters in China. Data collected from a questionnaire survey in Suzhou City is used for the analysis. The results confirm a marginal level of citizen environmental complaints in the study area at present. Meaningful findings include the fact that citizens have a tendency to complain collectively, and that perception of the level of environmental information provided by companies significantly determines a citizen's likelihood of lodging environmental complaints. Therefore, the disclosure of corporate environmental information must be emphasized continuously; citizens must be encouraged to correctly understand the environmental performance of companies so that they might make appropriate complaints. Governments need to show their support for citizen-led environmental complaint initiatives. The successful cases would convince them to keep a closer eye on their neighbouring polluters.
18
Edelenbos, Jurian, Ingmar van Meerkerk, and Todd Schenk. "The Evolution of Community Self-Organization in Interaction With Government Institutions: Cross-Case Insights From Three Countries." American Review of Public Administration 48, no. 1 (June 14, 2016): 52–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0275074016651142.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article deals with the evolution of community self-organization in public administration. Within the literature of interactive governance, increasing attention is being paid to how communities take initiative in dealing with societal issues. However, we know little about the factors contributing to the durability of self-organization. We analyzed three cases of community self-organization in three different countries: the United Kingdom, the United States, and the Netherlands. We found that community self-organization initiatives are strongly embedded in governmental environments, leading to different modes of interaction that change from phase to phase and in response to reciptiveness (or the lack thereof) among government counterparts. These modes of interaction strongly influence the evolution of community self-organization efforts. Moreover, we conclude that it is important that self-organized citizen initiatives represent and capture the perspectives and interests of large groups of citizens. This condition positively influences the evolution and duration of citizen initiatives. Those who manage to link with other citizens, including via community and volunteer organizations, can succeed. Those who do not can lose their legitimacy and fail.
19
Tomor, Zsuzsanna. "The Citipreneur." International Journal of Public Sector Management 32, no. 5 (July 8, 2019): 508–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm-02-2018-0060.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of local entrepreneurs, embedded in both the civil and the business arena, in creating public value by establishing strategic collaboration around smart technologies. Design/methodology/approach The paper suggests a novel – the local entrepreneurial – type of smart bottom-up initiative between civil grassroots and market-based initiatives. This idea is further evolved in the paper to define the patterns of this alternative type of smart bottom-up initiative. For this purpose, the paper conducts a case study of a community-based sustainable energy and mobility system launched by a local entrepreneur in Utrecht, the Netherlands. Findings The local entrepreneur has played a catalyzing role in public value creation by initiating and upscaling cooperative practices around smart technologies. This success has mainly been achieved due to the entrepreneurial attitudes of pioneering and risk-taking as well as the capability to bridge between the state, the market and society to accelerate urban sustainability transition. Practical implications This paper offers a practical illustration of the potential of local entrepreneurs to evolve cooperative practices with smart technologies for societal change. It also shows the vital role of local governments in the achievement of bottom-up initiatives contributing to urban smartness. However, in the case of commercializing initiatives, governments also need to take a balancing role to safeguard the needs of all citizens based on fairness and equity, which is at the core of public value creation. Originality/value The study adds to the citizen participation literature by revealing a novel type of active citizen grasping technological opportunities to mobilize networks to cooperate for the collective good. The research also contributes to a better understanding of the bottom-up smart city as a form of governance, and its advantages as well as drawbacks concerning public value creation.
20
R. Al-Soud, Anas, Hussein Al-Yaseen, and Saheer H. Al-Jaghoub. "Jordan’s e-Government at the crossroads." Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy 8, no. 4 (October 14, 2014): 597–619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tg-10-2013-0043.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the maturity level of the Jordanian electronic Government (e-Government) program from the citizen’s perspective. This assessment aims to help in determining whether the Jordanian e-Government strategy, set back in 2002, has achieved its main objectives which are delivering services to people across society, irrespective of location, economic status, education or ICT ability; improving the ICT readiness and infrastructure; and developing new service delivery channels and increase the involvement of citizens through the use of ICTs. Jordan started a national e-Government initiative aiming to streamline government procedures and provide government information and services to the public online. This paper reveals the levels of citizens’ awareness, acceptance, usage and willingness to use the e-Government services in Jordan. It investigates issues such as Jordan’s e-Government maturity level, citizen’s preferences when dealing with e-Government, citizen’s attitude toward using various e-services, citizen’s concerns and the required services. Design/methodology/approach – To achieve the research purposes, which needed a high rate of respondents to generalize the findings, we opted for quantitative research through questionnaires as an appropriate instrument base to address the citizens’ awareness and usage of e-Government services. In total, 7,238 distributed surveys were conducted across Jordan. The average of the responses rate in the three regions was 58.6 per cent. Findings – The citizen’s interest in e-Government services is declining, as the citizens’ level of awareness of e-Government and its services is still modest after more than ten years of the start of the e-Government program in Jordan. Citizens’ attitude toward using e-Government services is changing and determined by various factors and issues reported in the paper. Research limitations/implications – The selected governorates might not be the best governorates to represent the three regions of Jordan, the data took almost 15 months to be collected and analyzed which may have resulted in some changes to the reality. Finally, developing countries are not a homogenous group and, therefore, the results of this paper may not be generalizable. Originality/value – The findings present a number of key factors that hinder Jordan’s e-Government development. These findings can be useful for researchers and practitioners, as they provide rich insights on e-Government development. The findings can be also useful to other developing countries, as they can help them in understanding citizen related challenges when designing, planning and implementing their e-Government initiatives.
21
Auer, Andres. "European Citizens' Initiative." European Constitutional Law Review 1, no. 1 (October 12, 2004): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1574019605000799.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The European citizens' initiative (ECI) is a new device of participatory democracy, which has its own characteristics, unknown to date at any level of national or trans-national government. It is designed to allow the citizens to take an active role within the law-making process of the EU. The specific features of this process affect the legal nature as well as the functioning of the new participatory device. Both will depend strongly on the European law, which shall determine the procedures and conditions required for the ECI.
22
Jopang, Jopang, Septian Aryatama, Muazzinah Muazzinah, Qamal Qamal, and Ansar Ansar. "Exploring the Relationship Between E-Government, Transparency, and Citizen Trust in Government Services." Global International Journal of Innovative Research 2, no. 6 (July 17, 2024): 1354–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.59613/global.v2i6.206.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study investigates the relationship between e-government initiatives, transparency, and citizen trust in government services. By synthesizing existing literature and analyzing case studies from various countries, the research aims to understand how digital governance and transparency can influence public trust in governmental operations and services. E-government, which encompasses the use of digital platforms and technologies to deliver government services, is found to play a significant role in enhancing transparency and accessibility. The study reveals that e-government initiatives facilitate greater openness by providing citizens with easy access to information and services, thereby reducing opportunities for corruption and enhancing accountability. This increased transparency is shown to be crucial in fostering a more informed and engaged citizenry. Transparency in government is identified as a key factor in building citizen trust. The research highlights that when governments are open about their processes, decisions, and use of resources, citizens are more likely to perceive them as reliable and trustworthy. Transparency initiatives, such as open data platforms and online public consultations, allow for greater scrutiny and participation, which in turn can increase public confidence in government actions. Citizen trust in government services is essential for the effective functioning of a democratic society. The study indicates that trust is significantly influenced by the perceived transparency and accessibility of government services. When citizens trust that their government is transparent and accountable, they are more likely to engage with and utilize government services, leading to greater societal cohesion and cooperation. In conclusion, the interplay between e-government, transparency, and citizen trust is critical in shaping the effectiveness and credibility of government services. The study suggests that enhancing digital governance and transparency can lead to increased public trust and more effective government operations. Future research should explore the specific mechanisms through which e-government initiatives can further enhance transparency and trust in different socio-political contexts.
23
Doliwa-Klepacka, Anna. "Uwarunkowania prawne europejskiej inicjatywy obywatelskiej – od pierwotnych założeń do postulowanych zmian." Przegląd europejski 2 (March 5, 2019): 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.0806.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of the article is to analyse legal regulations on the conditions for pursuing the European Citizens’ Initiative. First, the requirements for pursuing the initiative and collecting the necessary statements of support and submitting an initiative to the Commission are presented. Afterwards, the scope of responsibilities (and discretion) of the Commission in relation to the pursued initiatives is discussed. In addition, the article proposes a thesis that the European Citizens’ Initiative is an important instrument to support democratisation in the European Union, but the possibilities of real impact of European Union’s citizens on the European Commission in the area of submitting a legislative proposal seem insufficient. Finally, some modifications of the European Citizens’ Initiative are recommended, which could increase its effectiveness significantly.
24
Brandsen, Taco, Willem Trommel, and Bram Verschuere. "The state and the reconstruction of civil society." International Review of Administrative Sciences 83, no. 4 (November 4, 2015): 676–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852315592467.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The current relationship between the state and civil society in Europe is a curious and historically unique one. This is no longer a situation in which participation and association prepare citizens for the offices of the state; rather, it is the state urging a sometimes-reluctant citizenry to engage actively in civil society. This phenomenon stems from a combination of changes in prevailing governance paradigms and of the more general process of social liquefaction. In the article, we analyse these two intertwining trends and discuss the new type of relationship between the state and civil society that may be emerging. Points for practitioners The article puts the current vogue for renewed state–civil society relationships in a larger context. It shows that, however commendable many initiatives may be, there is the risk that the desire on the part of governments for their citizens to participate and self-organize may lead the state to take over such initiatives, leading to a manufactured civil society that has little to do with spontaneous citizen initiatives. Another possible consequence is that truly spontaneous citizen initiatives will shun collaboration with the state and focus only inwards, to the detriment of broader public values. Therefore, in this area, the state must strike a delicate balance between encouragement and restraint.
25
Yocheva, Katerina. "Data Protection Requirement for a Successful European Citizen’s Initiative." Yearbook of the Law Department 9, no. 10 (February 12, 2022): 242–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33919/yldnbu.20.9.8.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Under consideration in the present article is the legal regulation of the data protection requirement with regard to European citizen’s initiatives (ECI). The legal regulation aims to guarantee that when organising and monitoring an ECI all the involved parties – organisers, Member States and the European commission–guarantee full data protection of the supporters to the given ECI. Regarding the review of Regulation (EU) 211/2011 there is reference to a technical study made in 2017, entitled Study on data requirements for the European Citizens’ Initiative. It was made with regard to one of the major issues of ECI that concerns the level and the variety of data provision in support of a given ECI.
26
Huttunen, Janette, and Henrik Serup Christensen. "Engaging the Millennials: The Citizens’ Initiative in Finland." YOUNG 28, no. 2 (July 18, 2019): 175–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1103308819853055.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Millennials’ disengagement from institutionalized politics has been a cause for concern among scholars and pundits. Consequently, there is an increased interest in possibilities to mobilize them through new participatory mechanisms, but the results are still unclear. We contribute to this research agenda by examining whether the Finnish citizens’ initiative mobilized the millennial generation with data from the Finnish National Election Survey from 2015 (FNES2015). Furthermore, we use the civic voluntarism model (CVM) to explore what factors explain the involvement of millennials in supporting citizens’ initiatives to determine whether users differ from non-users and whether CVM works differently for millennials as compared to the general population. Our results show that millennials are frequent users of the initiative. We find few significant differences between millennial users and non-users, suggesting that using the citizens’ initiative is egalitarian among millennials. We also find no evidence that the CVM model works differently for millennials.
27
Organ, James. "EU citizen participation, openness and the European Citizens Initiative: The TTIP legacy." Common Market Law Review 54, Issue 6 (November 1, 2017): 1713–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/cola2017147.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper analyses the European Citizens Initiative, consultation, and transparency in the context of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) negotiations, to assess what it tells us about EU citizen participation and the principle of openness. It focuses on the institutional mediation of citizen participation and the degree to which the Commission facilitates such participation and accepts citizen influence over policy-making in EU external affairs. Three categories of openness are used in the analysis: institutional transparency with little or no participation; a democratically weak institutional approach as a means to improve the effectiveness of governance and support existing policy; and thirdly an institutional acceptance of effective citizen participation that facilitates citizen influence over agenda-setting. It is argued that the Commission has made some progress during TTIP in terms of transparency, but that the Commission does not take a strongly democratic position on citizen participation in external affairs. It only engages with citizens as passive actors who can support the effectiveness of EU governance.
28
Zdanowicz, Mieczysława. "Europejska inicjatywa obywatelska. Nieefektywnie wykorzystane pokłady społecznej aktywności." Przegląd europejski 2 (March 5, 2019): 105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.0828.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The main purpose of this article is the analysis of the practice of using the European citizens’ initiative. Initiatives which were refused for registration; withdrawn; and those with insufficient support were analysed. Conducted research shows that it is valuable initiative for democratisation of the European Union. However, high ratio of refusal of registration and low quantity of successful initiatives indicates necessity of carrying out changes in current law.
29
Zdanowicz, Mieczysława. "The European citizens’ initiative. Over one million support, and what next?" Przegląd europejski 4 (February 2, 2020): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7887.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The subject of the analysis in this article are European citizens’ initiatives, which during 12 months gained the support of over 1 million of the EU citizens from at least seven Member States. The aim of the article is to examine, what actions have been taken in these matters by the European Commission. The following research questions were posed: (1) What was the effect of the Commission’s call to submit, under its power, proposals, for which, in the opinion of the citizens supporting the initiative, the application of the Treaties requires a legal act of the Union? (2) What actions has the Commission taken and what is their justification? The analysis demonstrates that these initiatives have been taken into account by the Commission to a very small extent in the procedures for establishing legislative acts of the European Union. Therefore, it is reasonable to amend the Regulation on the European Citizens’ Initiative.
30
Tajika, Tomoya. "Signature requirements for initiatives." Journal of Theoretical Politics 30, no. 4 (August 3, 2018): 451–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0951629818791035.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Signature requirements serve as barriers to prevent citizens from overusing initiatives. This study investigates the properties of optimal signature requirements by proposing a model in which the initiative process is a game played among citizens, a campaigner, and a legislature. Under the optimal requirement, the campaigner succeeds in collecting the required signatures only when it creates welfare that exceeds the cost of holding a referendum for the final decision. I specify the condition that such an optimal requirement is achievable. In addition, I perform comparative statics analyses to investigate the validity of the differences in signature requirements among countries and petition types. The results reveal a high optimal requirement when citizens have low variance regarding their opinions or do not consider the campaigned issue important. Finally, I evaluate the suggested reforms in the real world, such as imposing an additional cost on the campaigner to initiate a petition and a ban on paid petitioners, and show that while the former reduces citizen welfare, the latter improves it.
31
Koniuszewska, Ewa. "Citizens’ resolution-passing initiative." Acta Iuris Stetinensis 27 (2019): 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/ais.2019.27-06.
Повний текст джерела
32
Koniuszewska, Ewa. "Citizens’ resolution-passing initiative." Acta Iuris Stetinensis 27 (2019): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/ais.2019.27-18.
Повний текст джерела
33
Purwanto, Arie, Anneke Zuiderwijk, and Marijn Janssen. "Citizen engagement with open government data." Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy 14, no. 1 (January 22, 2020): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tg-06-2019-0051.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose Citizen engagement is key to the success of many Open Government Data (OGD) initiatives. However, not much is known regarding how this type of engagement emerges. This study aims to investigate the necessary conditions for the emergence of citizen-led engagement with OGD and to identify which factors stimulate this type of engagement. Design/methodology/approach First, the authors created a systematic overview of the literature to develop a conceptual model of conditions and factors of OGD citizen engagement at the societal, organizational and individual level. Second, the authors used the conceptual model to systematically study citizens’ engagement in the case of a particular OGD initiative, namely, the digitization of presidential election results data in Indonesia in 2014. The authors used multiple information sources, including interviews and documents, to explore the conditions and factors of OGD citizen-led engagement in this case. Findings From the literature the authors identified five conditions for the emergence of OGD citizen-led engagement as follows: the availability of a legal and political framework that grants a mandate to open up government data, sufficient budgetary resources allocated for OGD provision, the availability of OGD feedback mechanisms, citizens’ perceived ease of engagement and motivated citizens. In the literature, the authors found six factors contributing to OGD engagement as follows: democratic culture, the availability of supporting institutional arrangements, the technical factors of OGD provision, the availability of citizens’ resources, the influence of social relationships and citizens’ perceived data quality. Some of these conditions and factors were found to be less important in the studied case, namely, citizens’ perceived ease of engagement and citizens’ perceived data quality. Moreover, the authors found several new conditions that were not mentioned in the studied literature, namely, citizens’ sense of urgency, competition among citizen-led OGD engagement initiatives, the diversity of citizens’ skills and capabilities and the intensive use of social media. The difference between the conditions and factors that played an important role in the case and those derived from the literature review might be because of the type of OGD engagement that the authors studied, namely, citizen-led engagement, without any government involvement. Research limitations/implications The findings are derived using a single case study approach. Future research can investigate multiple cases and compare the conditions and factors for citizen-led engagement with OGD in different contexts. Practical implications The conditions and factors for citizen-led engagement with OGD have been evaluated in practice and discussed with public managers and practitioners through interviews. Governmental organizations should prioritize and stimulate those conditions and factors that enhance OGD citizen engagement to create more value with OGD. Originality/value While some research on government-led engagement with OGD exists, there is hardly any research on citizen-led engagement with OGD. This study is the first to develop a conceptual model of necessary conditions and factors for citizen engagement with OGD. Furthermore, the authors applied the developed multilevel conceptual model to a case study and gathered empirical evidence of OGD engagement and its contributions to solving societal problems, rather than staying at the conceptual level. This research can be used to investigate citizen engagement with OGD in other cases and offers possibilities for systematic cross-case lesson-drawing.
34
Simintiras, Antonis C., Yogesh K. Dwivedi, and Nripendra P. Rana. "Can Marketing Strategies Enhance the Adoption of Electronic Government Initiatives?" International Journal of Electronic Government Research 10, no. 2 (April 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijegr.2014040101.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article assesses the role and likely impact of marketing on the adoption of e-government initiatives. Although the role of tactical marketing in increasing awareness and enhancing adoption has been recognised, strategies required for realising the benefits of marketing e-government services have not been forthcoming. Given that citizens' usage behaviour of e-government services remains sub-optimal and the potential contribution of marketing, we propose a set of marketing-based strategic approaches and argue that they can play an essential role in enhancing adoption of e-government initiatives and propelling citizen's engagement with e-governance. Based on citizens' differential levels of usage behaviour of e-government services and benefits sought from engaging in e-governance, this article classifies citizens into six distinct segments and suggests generic strategic approaches.
35
Gastil, John, Katherine R. Knobloch, Justin Reedy, Mark Henkels, and Katherine Cramer. "Assessing the Electoral Impact of the 2010 Oregon Citizens’ Initiative Review." American Politics Research 46, no. 3 (June 29, 2017): 534–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532673x17715620.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Oregon Citizens’ Initiative Review (CIR) distinguishes itself by linking a small deliberative body to the larger electoral process. Since 2010, CIR citizen panels have been a legislatively authorized part of Oregon general elections to promote a more informed electorate. The CIR gathers a representative cross-section of two dozen voters for 5 days of deliberation on a single ballot measure. The process culminates in the citizen panelists writing a Citizens’ Statement that the secretary of state inserts into the official Voters’ Pamphlet sent to each registered voter. This study analyzes the effect of one such Citizens’ Statement from the 2010 general election. In Study 1, an online survey experiment found that reading this Statement influenced Oregon voters’ values trade-offs, issue knowledge, and vote intentions. In Study 2, regression analysis of a cross-sectional phone survey found a parallel association between the Statement’s use and voting choices but yielded some mixed findings.
36
Manzoor, Azhar. "Influence of Citizens and Form of Government on Alternative Service Delivery Choices in Local Governments." Public Administration Research 5, no. 2 (October 30, 2016): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/par.v5n2p19.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p>Citizens are an essential part of democratic setup and especially as recipients of public services play a crucial role in decisions regarding provision of these services. Citizen engagement not only provides feedback on the activities undertaken by government but may also influence how governments plans for future allocation of resources and means for providing various services. Citizen engagement emerges from the initiatives taken by the governments to improve the quality of government planning, processes, and decisions as well as it is a source of legitimacy to such decisions as part of democratic process. However, there are tremendous pressures from various actors such as government officials for cutting costs due to budgetary constraints, public managers for managing costs and quality, vendors for bargaining and deciding cost versus service quality measures, technical and line staff for administrating negotiations and producing services, and citizens for receiving services in exchange of price they pay in the form of taxes. This study examines the effects of citizens and forms of government on the service decisions regarding health and human services. Findings fail to support citizen’s role but indicate a significant role of form of government, partisanship orientation, and taxes in making alternative service delivery choices.</p>
37
Lewicka-Strzałecka, Anna. "Odpowiedzialny lobbing jako instrument CSR." Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.14.1.18.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Lobbying in the contemporary world is a recognized instrument for implementing citizen’s right to be represented and to be heard by the authorities. The goal of lobbying is to pay authorities’ attention to important problems of citizens and organizations, to present various points of view, to provide adequate information and consequently to contribute to the public good. Nevertheless the social image of lobbyists and lobbying has never been positive and an extreme opinion says that muddy and immoral lobbying is threatening for democracy. This opinion is specially significant in the context of corporate lobbying and because of this various initiatives aimed at restoring a proper place of lobbying in the democratic system are undertaken. The paper presents such initiative, namely an attempt to treat responsible lobbying as one of the CSR instrument. The author shows both opportunities and limitations of this approach.
38
Благојевић, Александар, та Слободан Благојевић. "ДА МИЉКОВАЦ НЕ КОПНИ (ИНИЦИЈАТИВЕ ИЗ МИЉКОВЦА)". БАЛКАНСКЕ СИНТЕЗЕ 10, № 2 (16 січня 2024): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.46630/bs.2.2023.05.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Concerned for the development and survival of their village, the citizens of the village Miljkovac many years ago submitted two initiatives to the City of Niš. The first initiative is to form an educational and scientific center for young people.The other one is to make a monument in the village dedicated to the warriors who died in the battles against the occupiers, and fought for freedom of their village and the whole country. Both initiatives are followed by detailed and thorough explanation. So far neither initiative has been implemented, but the applicants will continue to demands its implementation by the local authorities. Key words: Miljkovac, initiative, educational and scientific center, arrangement of the war memorial.
39
del Cañizo, Carlos, Ana Belén Cristóbal, Luisa Barbosa, Gema Revuelta, Sabine Haas, Marta Victoria, and Martin Brocklehurst. "Promoting citizen science in the energy sector: Generation Solar, an open database of small-scale solar photovoltaic installations." Open Research Europe 1 (May 21, 2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.13069.2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Citizen science is becoming an effective approach in building a new relationship between science and society, in which the desire of citizens to participate actively in knowledge production meets the needs of researchers. A citizen science initiative dealing with the development of photovoltaics (PV) is presented. To generate a “responsible” initiative, the research question has been designed collectively from the beginning, involving diverse actors in order to encourage creativity while addressing their interests and concerns. The result has been called Generation Solar. It aims at co-creating an open database of PV installations including their technical characteristics, and an online map for visualizing them. The initiative responds to a clear scientific demand; an important drawback for researchers working on energy modelling and predictions of production lays precisely in the lack of information about these installations’ locations and characteristics. The initiative invites citizens, companies and public institutions with a PV installation to collaborate by providing such data. Data will follow the format of Open Power System Data in order to be fully exploitable by the scientific community and society. The success of the initiative will rely on the capacity to mobilize citizens and register the largest possible number of installations worldwide.
40
del Cañizo, Carlos, Ana Belén Cristóbal, Luisa Barbosa, Gema Revuelta, Sabine Haas, Marta Victoria, and Martin Brocklehurst. "Promoting citizen science in the energy sector: Generation Solar, an open database of small-scale solar photovoltaic installations." Open Research Europe 1 (March 24, 2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.13069.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Citizen science is becoming an effective approach in building a new relationship between science and society, in which the desire of citizens to participate actively in knowledge production meets the needs of researchers. A citizen science initiative dealing with the development of photovoltaics (PV) is presented. To generate a “responsible” initiative, the research question has been designed collectively from the beginning, involving diverse actors in order to encourage creativity while addressing their interests and concerns. The result has been called Generation Solar. It aims at co-creating an open database of PV installations including their technical characteristics, and an online map for visualizing them. The initiative responds to a clear scientific demand; an important drawback for researchers working on energy modelling and predictions of production lays precisely in the lack of information about these installations’ locations and characteristics. The initiative invites citizens, companies and public institutions with a PV installation to collaborate by providing such data. Data will follow the format of Open Power System Data in order to be fully exploitable by the scientific community and society. The success of the initiative will rely on the capacity to mobilize citizens and register the largest possible number of installations worldwide.
41
Vasyutkin, N. E., and Y. G. Hamnuev. "Institute of legislative Initiative of Citizens in the Subjects of the Russian Federation." Siberian Law Herald 1 (2021): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2071-8136.2021.1.19.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article considers the issues of legal regulation of granting citizens the right to implement legislative initiatives and the consolidation of this right in the constitutions (charters) of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. It was founded that the federal legislator, while providing the regions with the opportunity to empower citizens with the right to legislative initiative, did not regulate the issues of determining the conditions and procedure for realizing by citizens of this right. A variety of practices of legal regulation and constitutional consolidation of this institution based on the analysis of the constitutions (charters) of the regions were identified. In particular, three forms of legislative initiative of citizens were identified - a draft law, a legislative proposal, an amendment to a bill. It is proposed to consider a legislative proposal as an independent legal institution. It has been established that granting citizens the right to amend bills is aimed at developing the democratization of lawmaking process, so it was proposed to consolidate this right in the legislation of the constituent entities of the federation. But taking into account the peculiarities of the parliamentary discussion of the bill in the second reading, it was recommended to simplify the procedure of amending bills for citizens by reducing the number of signatures of citizens supporting this initiative. It has been established that regional legislators use a blanket method of securing the norms on the right to legislative initiative of citizens in the constitutions (charters) of the regions in most of the cases. The absolute number of citizens or the percentage of the total number of citizens who have the right to vote is used in the regions to determine the number of citizens required for the implementation of a legislative initiative. It is proposed to regulate the mechanism for implementing the institution of citizens’ legislative initiative at the federal level in order to expand the opportunity for citizens to participate in legislative activities and eliminate contradictions in the regional legislation.
42
Childers, Matt, and Mike Binder. "Engaged by the Initiative? How the Use of Citizen Initiatives Increases Voter Turnout." Political Research Quarterly 65, no. 1 (December 22, 2010): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1065912910388191.
Повний текст джерела
43
Mironova, Svetlana M. "Financial Support of Initiative Budgeting Projects." Municipal property: economics, law, management 2 (May 30, 2024): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2500-0349-2024-2-14-18.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the Russian Federation, various practice of initiative budgeting have been implemented for a long time. Financing of such projects is carried out both at the expense of regional and local budgets, and at the expense of citizens and organizations. The article examines the features of each type of financing, their relationship with each other, problems arising in practice, and also draws attention to the economic effect of citizen participation in proactive budgeting projects and improving the financial culture of the population as a whole.
44
Adam, Matyáš, Pavel Tomášek, Jiří Lehejček, Jakub Trojan, and Tomáš Jůnek. "The Role of Citizen Science and Deep Learning in Camera Trapping." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 15, 2021): 10287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810287.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Camera traps are increasingly one of the fundamental pillars of environmental monitoring and management. Even outside the scientific community, thousands of camera traps in the hands of citizens may offer valuable data on terrestrial vertebrate fauna, bycatch data in particular, when guided according to already employed standards. This provides a promising setting for Citizen Science initiatives. Here, we suggest a possible pathway for isolated observations to be aggregated into a single database that respects the existing standards (with a proposed extension). Our approach aims to show a new perspective and to update the recent progress in engaging the enthusiasm of citizen scientists and in including machine learning processes into image classification in camera trap research. This approach (combining machine learning and the input from citizen scientists) may significantly assist in streamlining the processing of camera trap data while simultaneously raising public environmental awareness. We have thus developed a conceptual framework and analytical concept for a web-based camera trap database, incorporating the above-mentioned aspects that respect a combination of the roles of experts’ and citizens’ evaluations, the way of training a neural network and adding a taxon complexity index. This initiative could well serve scientists and the general public, as well as assisting public authorities to efficiently set spatially and temporarily well-targeted conservation policies.
45
Rachwał, Marcin. "Citizens’ initiatives in Switzerland." Przegląd Politologiczny, no. 3 (January 1, 2014): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pp.2014.19.3.3.
Повний текст джерела
46
Radojević, Mijodrag. "Local democracy and forms of direct citizen participation in governance: Case study Serbia." Srpska politička misao 81, no. 3 (2023): 121–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/spm81-45784.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The subject of this paper is the institutions of direct democracy at the local level in Serbia, with the aim of analyzing valid solutions (de lege lata) and improving the legal framework (de lege ferenda). The author starts from the thesis that local democracy is an ambiguous and imprecise term. In a broader sense, it represents the right of citizens to participate in government at the local level. In a narrower sense, this term is used as a synonym for local self-government (decentralization) and direct participation of citizens in government. On the other hand, tradition, socio-economic assumptions, legal (normative) framework and political environment are factors that influence local democracy. Apart from the election of local government representatives (representative local democracy), the basic institutional channels of local democracy are forms of direct citizen participation of citizens in decision-making, such as referendum and people's initiative. The application of institutions of direct democracy can be one of the indicators of the level of development of local self-government and local democracy. In the Republic of Serbia, institutional mechanisms for direct citizen participation in local self-government have been created, such as referendums, citizens' initiatives, and assembly of citizens (zbor). In addition, citizens have the right to petition and publicly criticize the authorities, the right to be heard on the authorities' intentions and the right to be informed about and monitor the work of the authorities. The local referendum is enshrined in the Constitution and other institutions are regulated by legal provisions. The quality of these regulations improved after the adoption of the new Law on Referendums and People's Initiative (2021). However, in local self-government units, the scope of these institutions of direct democracy is very limited low. The practice of direct local democracy is very poor, although there is a long tradition of struggle for local self-government in the 19th century. Such a situation is a consequence of the party state that multiplies the centralized way of decision-making, which is manifested in limited participation of citizens in political processes, increasing distrust in political institutions and ineffective control of the authorities in local self-government units. The crisis of democracy also manifests itself in the fact that citizens are less and less interested in public policy. Based on empirical data, comparative experiences and legal standards, the author believes that the solution lies in reviving the application of direct democracy at the local level.
47
Stouthard, Lian. "How caring communities become part of the health system of the future in the Netherlands. Developments, bottlenecks, and impact." International Journal of Integrated Care 23, S1 (December 28, 2023): 096. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ijic.icic23036.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the past decade the Netherlands has seen major reforms in health- and social care. These reforms accomplished a shift from a social democratic welfare state to a ‘participation society’; people with care and support need to live at home longer and have to rely on their informal network for support. In order to provide an answer to the retreat of state organized support we see an increase of citizens initiatives for care, wellbeing and support in The Netherlands.
The growing movement of citizens initiatives, or ‘caring communities, is diffuse. ‘They vary in target groups, activities, organisation and goals. However, they have in common that they are filling the gap care and support provisions that the government has left behind. In order to get a better image of this movement, their impact and the challenges they face in collaborating with the Dutch care system, Vilans and the Dutch umbrella organization of citizens initiatives (NLZVE) bundled their forces in a variety of research projects.
This collaboration started in 2020 with the ‘Monitor on the Movement of Caring Communities’. In co-creation with key figures from the movement of caring communities we developed a survey. The results of this survey (n=346) gave us insight in the activities, goals, partners and bottlenecks of these initiatives and initiated new participatory action research projects. These focused on reliable and sustainable financing for citizen initiatives, how initiatives measure their impact and how caring communities and ‘system parties’ work together.
Together with different initiatives we explored different financing models and their pros and cons. The lack of sustainable financing options for citizen initiatives is a bottleneck for the development of these initiatives and for durable collaboration with the system parties. Simultaneously we found that many initiatives struggle to show their impact. This impact is often implied (i.e. less loneliness or a healthier population) but hardly mapped. We found that the lack of a clear message about the impact of an initiative hinders a durable financial model. Municipalities and other financiers need to know what the effect of their investment is. To help the movement of caring communities better map their impact and organize sustainable financing we developed, through co-design, two different tools.
Another bottleneck for caring communities is the collaboration between these communities and the ‘system’. Caring communities often exist because of discontent with and/or inaccessibility of care and wellbeing services. However, we see that when initiatives want to expand their services (i.e. in the field of home- or social care) they have to collaborate, or in some cases even become part of, the care system. Our project focused on how these worlds come together without both of them losing their strengths and identity. The lessons learned will, together with the survey outcome and both tools, presented during the oral presentation. Additionally we will present our next steps, which include a qualitative and participatory research project on the impact of citizens initiatives and a data driven approach to identify the complete movement of caring communities in The Netherlands.
48
Bedessem, Baptiste, Lucie Morère, Louise Roblin, Anne Dozières, and Anne-Caroline Prévot. "Participatory Biodiversity Governance: A Comparison of Two French Initiatives." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (June 24, 2022): 7715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14137715.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Broadening citizen participation in biodiversity governance is often presented as a priority by public institutions. Citizens’ engagement in policy design fostering the protection of biodiversity would indeed allow two-way knowledge transfers between expert knowledge and local knowledge; it would also enable citizens to influence collective choices; and it would finally lead to inclusive decision-making processes. However, the achievement of these promises depends strongly on the capacity of public participation exercises to be fair and efficient. By focusing on these two concepts, this paper aims to contribute to identifying obstacles and tools for public participation in biodiversity governance through a comparative analysis of two case studies. The first one consists of three one-day open space technology meetings, which aimed to engage citizens in orienting biodiversity research during Paris COP21. The second one was a two-year long experiment of Citizens Committees-based participatory governance led by the French Office for Biodiversity. These two case studies are representative of two complementary dimensions of biodiversity governance: the orientation of scientific research and the regulation of individual and collective actions through laws, rules and institutional communication. Among other insights, our results determine the existence of strong skepticism regarding the political outputs of public participation, which is reinforced when the objectives and the means of the exercises are not clear enough. Second, we argue that the efficiency of participative biodiversity governance depends on the capacity of institutions to propose diversity of citizen engagement formats and objectives in order to reflect the diversity of citizens’ motivations and preferences.
49
Daniel, Katarzyna. "Europejska inicjatywa obywatelska — niewykorzystany potencjał w Polsce?" Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem 41, no. 3 (November 26, 2019): 181–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2300-7249.41.3.11.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
THE EUROPEAN CITIZENS’ INITIATIVE — UNTAPPED POTENTIAL IN POLAND?The activity of citizens in the modern world goes far beyond the borders of nation-states. Decisions taken at other levels, e.g. in the European Union, are increasingly affecting the quality of life. The conviction about the imperfection of the functioning of democracy in the European Union was the main reason for starting the debate on the introduction of direct democracy instruments. The discussion on the role of the European Citizens’ Initiative indicated the possibility of increasing the level of participation in political life or building a conscious civil society. The citizens’ initiative was introduced by Article 114 of the Treaty on European Union, followed by the implementation of the European Parliament and Council Regulation on the Citizens’ Initiative of 16 February 2011. The implementation of the European Citizens’ Initiative was seen as an opportunity to increase public acceptance of the process of further European integration. The lapse of seven years since the introduction of this solution seems to be a good opportunity to assess its effectiveness. The article points to the basic theoretical issues related to democracy. Subsequently, the procedure for conducting the European Citizens’ Initiative is characterized. Another issue raised is the awareness of Poles about this issue — based on their own research. In the final part, the conclusions and basic problems in the functioning of this solution of direct democracy in Europe are indicated. These problems include little knowledge and awareness of the existence of European citizens’ initiatives among citizens of the Member States and national institutions. It is far from using its full potential in terms of political solutions. Perhaps there is also a lack of involvement of citizens, or the lack of real influence on the adoption of the project discourages European society. In addition, there are differences in the mentality of the various nations of the Member States and problems related to financing. The mere fact of being able to use such a solution deserves recognition.
50
Sheridan, Dougal. "‘Building Initiative’ in Belfast." Architectural Research Quarterly 13, no. 2 (June 2009): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135509990248.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
‘Building Initiative’ is both the name adopted by a collaborative group of architects, urbanists and artists, and also the term they use to describe the ‘mode of agency’ chosen to inform and realise citizen-led urban regeneration in Belfast [1]. The necessity and forms of this praxis evolved in response to the city's spatial, social and policy environment, and the inability of conventional mechanisms of architectural practice to engage adequately with this context. Building Initiative explored and pursued specific modes of agency, which it termed ‘initiatives’, within a variety of sectors including architectural, planning, educational, academic and media, and at a range of scales from local to international. This created the opportunity to work with a diversity of partner organisations and to develop a correspondingly wide range of strategies. We will look briefly at the context of Belfast and Building Initiative's response to it, focusing specifically on the methods of working that were developed, before concentrating on one project to illustrate these methodologies and processes in application.