Статті в журналах: "CISS effect"

1

Kong, Ling Jian, Gui Fang Zhu, Jian Qiang Zhong, Kui Xia Han, and Xiao Kang Wang. "Time Effect of Sulfurization on the Characterization of Copper Indium Diselenide." Advanced Materials Research 816-817 (September 2013): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.816-817.38.

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Polycrystalline CuIn(Se,S)2 (CISS) thin films with chalcopyrite structure were synthesized by sol-gel spin-coating method. Sequential reduction, selenization and sulfurization treatments were performed with hydrogen, Se and H2S vapor, respectively. The effects of different sulfurization times on the films were also studyed. X-ray diffraction (XRD), and SEM analysis have been employed to examine the structural properties and surface morphology of polycrystalline CISS thin films. The experimental results demonstrated that the obtained CISS had good crystallinity and uniformity.

2

Huisman, Karssien Hero, and Joseph Marie Thijssen. "CISS Effect: A Magnetoresistance Through Inelastic Scattering." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 125, no. 42 (October 18, 2021): 23364–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c06193.

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3

Guimarães Gonçalves, Fabrício, and Lázaro Luis Faria do Amaral. "Constructive Interference in Steady State Imaging in the Central Nervous System." US Neurology 07, no. 01 (2011): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/usn.2011.07.01.68.

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Constructive interference in steady state (CISS) is a fully refocused fast-gradient echo sequence that is mainly used in the assessment of the central nervous system. The most important advantages of steady-state imaging are short acquisition times, high signal-to-noise ratio, and better contrast-to-noise ratio. Owing to its cisternographic effect, CISS is useful in the assessment of the cranial nerves, and can also be used when studying cysts, cystic masses, and neurocysticercosis and in hydrocephalus cases. CISS has been shown to be useful in spinal imaging, especially in cases of arteriovenous malformation and when it is helpful to better characterize intra- and extramedullary cystic abnormalities.

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Gonçalves, Fabrício Guimarães, and Lázaro Luis Faria do Amaral. "Constructive Interference in Steady State Imaging in the Central Nervous System." European Neurological Review 6, no. 2 (2011): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/enr.2011.06.02.138.

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Constructive interference in steady state (CISS) is a fully refocused fast-gradient echo sequence that is mainly used in the assessment of the central nervous system. The most important advantages of steady-state imaging are short acquisition times, high signal-to-noise ratio, and better contrast-to-noise ratio. Owing to its cisternographic effect, CISS is useful in the assessment of the cranial nerves, and can also be used when studying cysts, cystic masses, and neurocysticercosis and in hydrocephalus cases. CISS has been shown to be useful in spinal imaging, epecially in cases of arteriovenous malformation and when it is helpful to better characterise intra- and extramedullary cystic abnormalities.

5

Zhang, Z. Q., D. K. Ward, Y. Xue, H. W. Zhang, and M. F. Horstemeyer. "Interfacial Characteristics of Carbon Nanotube-Polyethylene Composites Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations." ISRN Materials Science 2011 (September 25, 2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/145042.

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The rate-dependent interfacial behavior between a carbon nanotube (CNT) and a polyethylene (PE) matrix is investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Various MD simulations were set up to determine the “size” effects on the interfacial properties, such as the molecular weight, or the length of the polymer, the diameter of the CNT, and the simulation model size. The interfacial rate-dependency was probed by applying various relative sliding velocities between the CNT and the polymer. Two quantities, directly obtained from the MD simulations, described the interfacial properties: the critical interfacial shear stress (CISS) and the steady interfacial shear stress (SISS). The simulations show that the SISS was not sensitive to the simulation size. In addition, the CISS was dependent upon the combined factors of the variation in PE stiffness, induced by simulation size changes and the effect of the fixed boundaries of the simulation models. The CISS increases almost linearly with the relative sliding velocity of CNTs. Also, a linear relationship between the SISS and the CNT-sliding velocity is observed when the SISS drops below a critical value. A clear size scaling is observed as the CISS and SISS decrease with increasing CNT radius and increase with the increasing polymer chain length.

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Cassatella, Marco A., Sara Gasperini, Chiara Bovolenta, Federica Calzetti, Marieke Vollebregt, Patrizia Scapini, Martina Marchi, Ritsu Suzuki, Asuka Suzuki, and Akihiko Yoshimura. "Interleukin-10 (IL-10) Selectively Enhances CIS3/SOCS3 mRNA Expression in Human Neutrophils: Evidence for an IL-10–Induced Pathway That Is Independent of STAT Protein Activation." Blood 94, no. 8 (October 15, 1999): 2880–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v94.8.2880.420k31_2880_2889.

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We have recently shown that, in human neutrophils, interleukin-10 (IL-10) fails to induce specific DNA-binding activities to the gamma-interferon response region (GRR), a regulatory element located in the FcγRI gene promoter, which is required for transcriptional activation by IL-10 and interferon γ (IFNγ) in monocytic cells. In this study, we report that IL-10 is also unable to induce the binding of STAT1 or STAT3 to the serum-inducible element (hSIE/m67), despite the fact that both proteins are expressed in neutrophils. Whereas IFNγ and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) are efficient inducers of STAT1 and STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), IL-10 fails to trigger STAT1 and STAT3 tyrosine and serine phosphorylation, therefore explaining its inability to induce the FcγRI expression in these cells. By contrast, we demonstrate that IL-10 alone represents an efficient stimulus of CIS3/SOCS3 mRNA expression in neutrophils. CIS3/SOCS3 belongs to the recently cloned cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein (CIS) gene family (which also includes CIS1, CIS2, CIS4, CIS5, and JAB) that is believed to be, at least in part, under the control of STAT transcription factors and whose products are potential modulators of cytokine signaling. Moreover, IL-10 synergizes with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in upregulating CIS3/SOCS3 mRNA expression in PMN through a mechanism that involves mRNA stabilization. In contrast to CIS3/SOCS3, mRNA transcripts encoding other family members are unaffected by IL-10 in neutrophils. Finally, transfection of CIS3/SOCS3 in murine M1 myeloid cells suppresses LPS-induced growth arrest, macrophage-like differentiation, and nitric oxide synthesis, but not IL-6 mRNA expression. Collectively, our data suggest that, in neutrophils, the activation of STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation is neither required for CIS3/SOCS3 induction by IL-10 nor involved in the regulatory effects of IL-10 on cytokine production.

7

Michaeli, Karen, Nirit Kantor-Uriel, Ron Naaman, and David H. Waldeck. "The electron's spin and molecular chirality – how are they related and how do they affect life processes?" Chemical Society Reviews 45, no. 23 (2016): 6478–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cs00369a.

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Kumar, Anup, Prakash Mondal, and Claudio Fontanesi. "Chiral Magneto-Electrochemistry." Magnetochemistry 4, no. 3 (August 18, 2018): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry4030036.

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Magneto-electrochemistry (MEC) is a unique paradigm in science, where electrochemical experiments are carried out as a function of an applied magnetic field, creating a new horizon of potential scientific interest and technological applications. Over time, detailed understanding of this research domain was developed to identify and rationalize the possible effects exerted by a magnetic field on the various microscopic processes occurring in an electrochemical system. Notably, until a few years ago, the role of spin was not taken into account in the field of magneto-electrochemistry. Remarkably, recent experimental studies reveal that electron transmission through chiral molecules is spin selective and this effect has been referred to as the chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect. Spin-dependent electrochemistry originates from the implementation of the CISS effect in electrochemistry, where the magnetic field is used to obtain spin-polarized currents (using ferromagnetic electrodes) or, conversely, a magnetic field is obtained as the result of spin accumulation.

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Ortuño, Ana M., Pablo Reiné, Sandra Resa, Luis Álvarez de Cienfuegos, Victor Blanco, José Manuel Paredes, Antonio J. Mota, et al. "Extended enantiopure ortho-phenylene ethylene (o-OPE)-based helical systems as scaffolds for supramolecular architectures: a study of chiroptical response and its connection to the CISS effect." Organic Chemistry Frontiers 8, no. 18 (2021): 5071–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1qo00822f.

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Versatile enantiopure helical systems are described and are of interest owing to their intense chiroptical responses, their attractive architecture for metallosupramolecular chemistry and CISS effect.

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Silva-Kazama, Daniele Cristina da, Geraldo Tadeu dos Santos, Paula Toshimi Matumoto Pintro, Jesuí Vergílio Visentainer, Ricardo Kazama, Hélène Véronique Petit, and Francilaine Eloise de Marchi. "Effect of storage on fatty acid profile of butter from cows fed whole or ground flaxseed with or without monensin." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 39, no. 10 (October 2010): 2297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982010001000028.

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Eight Holstein cows with body weight 570 ± 43 kg and 60 ± 20 lactation days were distributed in a double Latin square design with four 21-day periods to determine the effects of feeding ground or whole flaxseed with or without monensin supplementation (0.02% on a dry matter basis) on fatty acid profile of butter stored for 15 and 45 days. Ground flaxseed supply, in comparison to whole flaxseed, reduced relative percentages of 16:0, cis7-16:1, 17:0, and cis10-17:1 but it increased those of cis9,trans11-18:2, cis3-18:3, and omega 3 fatty acids in butter fat, reducing relative percentage of medium-chain fatty acids and increasing the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Supplementation with monensin increased relative percentages of cis9,trans11-18:2 and tended to increase relative percentage of 17:0 and decrease that of saturated fatty acids in butter. Butter from cows fed diet with monensin presented lower relative percentages of cis 6-20:4. Relative percentages of cis 9-16:1, cis10-17:1, 18:0, trans11-18:1, cis9-18:1, cis3-18:3, cis6-20:4 in butter stored for 15 days were higher than those stored for 45 days and the relative percentages of cis3-20:5 tended to decrease with the increase of storage period. As a result, relative percentages of saturated fatty acids and medium-chain fatty acids increased with storage time, while those of monounsaturated and long-chain fatty acids decreased. Butter enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids may have a shorter shelf life due to the negative effect of storage on fatty acid profile which may cause oxidation and rancidity.

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Chengyue, Yu, M. Prabhu, Mahendar Goli, and Anoop Kumar Sahu. "Factors Affecting the Adoption of Blockchain Technology in the Complex Industrial Systems: Data Modeling." Complexity 2021 (December 24, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8329487.

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Nowadays, Blockchain Technology (BCT) is contributing toward addressing the challenges of complex industrial systems (CISs). The BCT reduces the complexity of cash data storage as well as retrieval system of finance, marketing, supply chain, inventory, and other departments. The objective of the present study is to investigate the factors, which affect the intention of professionals to adapt the BCT in the CISs by using an extension of the technology acceptance model. To fulfill the research objective, a theoretical research model is constituted by multiple hypotheses (H1–H6), i.e., perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived innovativeness, knowledge, risk, and trust after conducting the relevant literature survey in the context of BCT. Next, each hypothesis is tested by exploring the survey data of a sample of 287 professionals of different BCT user’s companies such as retailing, e-commerce, manufacturing, and construction. Survey data is analyzed by executing the structural equation modeling with AMOS software. The factors and latent constructs loadings, reliability, convergent, discriminant, model fit-measurement, structural model, and the path analysis are conducted. The results reveal that the H1, H2, and H4–H6 dropped the positive impact and effect on professionals’ intention to use the BCT in CISs. But, H3 has no effect for enhancing the intention of professionals to use BCT.

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Zhou, F., M. Howlett, J. Talbot, J. Fraser, B. Robinson, and P. Atkinson. "P146: Does a communications skills intervention improve emergency department staff coping skills and burnout?" CJEM 21, S1 (May 2019): S117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2019.337.

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Introduction: Emergency department (ED) staff carry a high risk for the burnout syndrome of increased emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and decreased personal accomplishment. Previous research has shown that task-oriented coping skills were associated with reduced levels of burnout compared to emotion-oriented coping. ED staff at one hospital participated in an intervention to teach task-oriented coping skills. We hypothesized that the intervention would alter staff coping behaviors and ultimately reduce burnout. Methods: ED physicians, nurses and support staff at two regional hospitals were surveyed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS). Surveys were performed before and after the implementation of communication and conflict resolution skills training at the intervention facility (I) consisting of a one-day course and a small group refresher 6 to 15 months later. Descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis assessed differences in staff burnout and coping styles compared to the control facility (C) and over time. Results: 85/143 (I) and 42/110 (C) ED staff responded to the initial survey. Post intervention 46 (I) and 23(C) responded. During the two year study period there was no statistically significant difference in CISS or MBI scores between hospitals (CISS: (Pillai's trace = .02, F(3,63) = .47, p = .71, partial η2 = .02); MBI: (Pillai's trace = .01, F(3,63) = .11, p = .95, partial η2 = .01)) or between pre- and post-intervention groups (CISS: (Pillai's trace = .01, F(3,63) = .22, p = .88, partial η2 = .01); MBI: (Pillai's trace = .09, F(3,63) = 2.15, p = .10, partial η2 = .01)). Conclusion: We were not able to measure improvement in staff coping or burnout in ED staff receiving communication skills intervention over a two year period. Burnout is a multifactorial problem and environmental rather than individual factors may be more important to address. Alternatively, to demonstrate a measurable effect on burnout may require more robust or inclusive interventions.

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Jeong, Ui-Hyun, Joo-Hyeong Park, Ji-Ho Choi, Woo-Guk Lee, and Jea-Gun Park. "Hybrid Organic–Si C-MOSFET Image Sensor Designed with Blue-, Green-, and Red-Sensitive Organic Photodiodes on Si C-MOSFET-Based Photo Signal Sensor Circuit." Nanomaterials 14, no. 13 (June 21, 2024): 1066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano14131066.

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The resolution of Si complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (C-MOSFET) image sensors (CISs) has been intensively enhanced to follow the technological revolution of smartphones, AI devices, autonomous cars, robots, and drones, approaching the physical and material limits of a resolution increase in conventional Si CISs because of the low quantum efficiency (i.e., ~40%) and aperture ratio (i.e., ~60%). As a novel solution, a hybrid organic–Si image sensor was developed by implementing B, G, and R organic photodiodes on four n-MOSFETs for photocurrent sensing. Photosensitive organic donor and acceptor materials were designed with cost-effective small molecules, i.e., the B, G, and R donor and acceptor small molecules were Coumarin6 and C_60, DMQA and MePTC, and ZnPc and TiOPc, respectively. The output voltage sensing margins (i.e., photocurrent signal difference) of the hybrid organic–Si B, G, and R image sensor pixels presented results 17, 11, and 37% higher than those of conventional Si CISs. In addition, the hybrid organic–Si B, G, and R image sensor pixels could achieve an ideal aperture ratio (i.e., ~100%) compared with a Si CIS pixel using the backside illumination process (i.e., ~60%). Moreover, they may display a lower fabrication cost than image sensors because of the simple image sensor structure (i.e., hybrid organic–Si photodiode with four n-MOSFETs).

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Mon-López, Daniel, Ricardo Bernardez-Vilaboa, Antonio Alvarez Fernandez-Balbuena, and Manuel Sillero-Quintana. "The Influence of COVID-19 Isolation on Physical Activity Habits and Its Relationship with Convergence Insufficiency." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 20 (October 12, 2020): 7406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207406.

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The purpose of this work is to evaluate the effects of confinement due to COVID-19 isolation on visual function, considering insufficient convergence as one of the possible effects of living the whole day in a reduced space. We pass a Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) among 235 people to detect their habits before and after 25 confinement days. The data collection protocol consisted on a Google forms questionnaire included two parts: the first with current data (isolation period) and a second with pre-isolation period data. Differences between the pre-isolation and isolation period were calculated using the related paired T-tests. When statistically significant differences were found, the effect size was estimated using the Cohen’s d index (d). The reduction in physical activity levels during confinement were related to the increase in total number of minutes of screen consumption from 433.49 min to 623.97 min per day (d = 0.67; 44.01%). The CISS scores were increased by more than 43% during confinement. The increase in convergence insufficiency was 100% after the studied isolation period of 25 days. The 92.19% increase in television use during 25 days of confinement is not responsible for the increase in convergence insufficiency. However, due to the increase in the use of PCs in this period, there is a notable increase in convergence insufficiency. Therefore, we can conclude that not all increases in tasks with electronic devices are responsible for the increase in convergence insufficiency.

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Shetty, Aksha, Eliza Lysenka Fernandes, and Ugam Usgaonkar. "Effect of stress on convergence insufficiency symptom score (CISS) among optometrists and optometry students." Ophthalmology Journal 8 (February 20, 2023): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5603/oj.2023.0002.

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Sierra, Miguel A., David Sánchez, Rafael Gutierrez, Gianaurelio Cuniberti, Francisco Domínguez-Adame, and Elena Díaz. "Spin-Polarized Electron Transmission in DNA-Like Systems." Biomolecules 10, no. 1 (December 28, 2019): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10010049.

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The helical distribution of the electronic density in chiral molecules, such as DNA and bacteriorhodopsin, has been suggested to induce a spin–orbit coupling interaction that may lead to the so-called chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect. Key ingredients for the theoretical modelling are, in this context, the helically shaped potential of the molecule and, concomitantly, a Rashba-like spin–orbit coupling due to the appearance of a magnetic field in the electron reference frame. Symmetries of these models clearly play a crucial role in explaining the observed effect, but a thorough analysis has been largely ignored in the literature. In this work, we present a study of these symmetries and how they can be exploited to enhance chiral-induced spin selectivity in helical molecular systems.

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Manna, Fabio, Mariangela Oggianu, Narcis Avarvari, and Maria Laura Mercuri. "Lanthanide-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks with Single-Molecule Magnet Properties." Magnetochemistry 9, no. 7 (July 22, 2023): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry9070190.

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Lanthanide metal–organic frameworks (Ln-MOFs) showing single-molecule magnet (SMM) properties are an ever-growing family of materials where the magnetic properties can be tuned by various interrelated parameters, such as the coordinated solvent, temperature, organic linkers, lanthanide ions and their coordination environment. An overview of the general synthetic methodologies to access MOFs/Ln-MOFs and the peculiarities and parameters to control and/or fine-tune their SMM behavior is herein presented. Additionally, diverse challenging strategies for inducing SMM/SIM behavior in an Ln-MOF are discussed, involving redox activity and chirality. Furthermore, intriguing physical phenomena such as the CISS effect and CPL are also highlighted.

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Wang, Cheng-Zhen, Vladimiro Mujica, and Ying-Cheng Lai. "Spin Fano Resonances in Chiral Molecules: An Alternative Mechanism for the CISS Effect and Experimental Implications." Nano Letters 21, no. 24 (November 30, 2021): 10423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03770.

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Lin, Yi Cheng, Z. J. Chen, and L. C. Wang. "Effects of Annealing Temperature on Properties of CuIn (Se,S)₂ Film Prepared by Sputtering." Applied Mechanics and Materials 117-119 (October 2011): 1284–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.117-119.1284.

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This paper examines CuIn(Se,S)2 (CISS) films prepared by sputtering precursor films of In, Cu, and In2S3 onto Mo coated soda-lime glass, followed by a single-stage selenium annealing process to form a CISS chalcopyrite phase. In this study, S was substituted for Ga to increase the energy gap of CuInSe-based materials. Experimental results reveal that the composition of (S + Se) and S decreased slightly with an increase in the selenium annealing temperature, exhibiting uniform distribution throughout the entire CISS film sample. The resulting CISS film exhibited p-type conductivity with an energy gap of 1.11eV. The optimum selenium annealing condition for the CIGS precursor prepared by sputtering was 798 K for 20 minutes.

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Vagni, Monia, and Valeria Giostra. "The Role of Coping Strategies in Children’s Repeated Suggestive Interviews." Forensic Sciences 4, no. 2 (May 7, 2024): 221–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/forensicsci4020015.

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Often in the forensic context, child victims and witnesses are interviewed several times, exposing them to suggestive questions and social pressures. The present study had the main purpose of verifying the effect of coping strategies on the levels of immediate suggestibility and on the Resistant Behavioral Responses (RBRs) of children subjected to repeated suggestive interviews. A sample of 90 children, aged between 11 and 14, were administered the two parallel Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scales (GSS2 and GSS1) a few months apart and the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) to detect their coping strategies. The results showed that the avoidance coping increased suggestive vulnerability and reduced resistant responses. Task-oriented coping favored responses with greater source monitoring, which allow for the rejection of misleading information. Coping strategies did not show direct effects on the management of the socioemotional aspects involved in the suggestive interaction. After the negative feedback that invites children to be more accurate, a smaller effect of the avoidance strategy was recorded, indicating how actively requesting greater source monitoring can lead children to better recognize misleading information.

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Siudak, Martyna, Marta Zietek, Anna Tober-Marczewska, Elżbieta Sideris, and Artur Swiergiel. "CORRELATION BETWEEN SALIVARY CORTISOL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS INDICATORS DURING A DRIVING COURSE." Acta Neuropsychologica 16, no. 3 (September 10, 2018): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.4701.

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The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of stress of a practical, thirty-hour driving course on changes in salivary cortisol concentration and on changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The second objective was to determine the relation between the style of coping with stress (psychological indicator) and changes in the assessed biological parameters. All volunteers aged 18-30 years completed the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) before the start of the course. They were divided into control (n=15) and experimental (n=18) groups. In the experimental group saliva samples to measure cortisol were collected from each participant: before the start of the course, before the 1st, 13th and 28th driving hour, and blood pressure was measured before the course, during the 15th and 30th hour of the course. Participants in the control group had one saliva sample taken and their blood pressure was measured once at the same time. The results suggest that cortisol concentration in saliva correlates with the hour of the course. Systolic and diastolic pressure also correlates with the hour of the course. CISS test related differences among the individuals in copying with stress (sex as well as age-related) but they did not correlate with the cortisol and blood pressure responses. A driving course is a stress factor that causes changes in salivary cortisol concentration and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The style of coping with stress does not correlate with changes in the salivary cortisol concentration during the course. Changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure during the driving course do not depend on the way of coping with stress.

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Kreindler, Gur, Samuel Attias, Anna Kreindler, Haim Hen, Bassel Haj, Ibrahim Matter, Eran Ben-Arye, and Elad Schiff. "Treating Postlaparoscopic Surgery Shoulder Pain with Acupuncture." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/120486.

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Objective.The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of acupuncture on postlaparoscopic shoulder pain (PLSP) which is a common side effect in patients undergoing abdominal laparoscopic surgery.Methods.Patients with moderate to severe PLSP in spite of analgesic treatment, which were referred by the medical staff to the Complementary-Integrative Surgery Service (CISS) at our institution, were provided with acupuncture treatment. The severity of PLSP and of general pain was assessed using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) from 0 to 10. Pain assessment was conducted prior to and two hours following acupuncture treatment. Acupuncture treatment was individualized based on traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis.Results.A total of 25 patients were evaluated during a 14-month period, from March 2011 to May 2012. A significant reduction in PLSP (mean reduction of6.4±2.3 P<0.0001) and general pain (mean reduction6.4±2.1 P<0.0001) were observed, and no significant side effects were reported.Conclusion.Individualized acupuncture treatments according to traditional Chinese medicine principles may improve postlaparoscopic shoulder pain and general pain when used in conjunction with conventional therapy. The primary findings of this study warrant verification in controlled studies.

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Olevskaia, E. A. "Convergence insufficency as a reason of asthenopia after refractive surgery." Reflection, no. 2 (December 15, 2023): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.25276/2686-6986-2023-2-46-49.

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Purpose. To evaluate the frequency of astenopia and effect of refractive surgery on muscle balance and accommodation in patients with convergence insufficiency (CI). Methods. This study prospectively evaluated 240 eyes (120 patients) with myopia. CI was found in 15 patients (12.5 %), 91 patients with normal binocular vision were included in control group. Accommodative amplitude and facility, positive and negative relative accommodation, binocular vision, near point of convergence (NPC), phoria measurement for near and distance, positive and negative fusion vergence, AC/A ratio were assessed, symptoms were measured by Convergence Symptom Survey (CISS) before, 1 month and 1 year after LASIK. Results. Asthenopia was found in 7.5 % of patients in 1 month after surgery. It was related with CI in 5 %. There was a statistically significant improvement of near exodeviation from 13.2±3.9 to 8.4±3.7 pd and of NPC from 12.2±2.7 to 8.3±2.3 сm which remained unchanged within 1 year. CISS score improved from 24.3±4.8 to 13.5±2.5 in 1 month after surgery and to 9.6±2.8 within 1 year. 1 patient had deterioration of exodeviation in 1 month. 6 patients needed in-office vergence/accommodative therapy after surgery. None of the patients in control group presented postoperative asthenopia, worsening in muscle balance and binocular vision. Conclusions. Laser refractive surgery does not cause asthenopia in patients with normal accommodation and vergence. CI is not a contraindication for refractive surgery, leading to a decrease in exodeviation. In cases of accurate fusion vergence lack, patients will experience asthenopia. In patients with CI it is necessary that positive fusion vergence exceed the exophoria by two times before surgery and overlap presbyopia addition which will be required in future. Key words: refractive surgery; asthenopia; convergence insufficiency.

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Nzilani Muema, Jacinta, Job Omagwa, and Lucy Wamugo. "Equity Investments, Bond Investments and Financial Performance of Collective Investment Schemes in Kenya." International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies (2147-4486) 10, no. 3 (September 23, 2021): 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijfbs.v10i3.1352.

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The collective investment schemes in Kenya have witnessed increased volatility in their earnings, resulting in irregular growth in the industry. This necessitates the need to understand the factors contributing to poor financial returns from collective investment schemes. Hence this study sought to investigate the effect of equity investments and bond investments on Kenyan CIS’s performance. The specific objectives were: To assess the effect of equity investments, bond investments on financial performance of collective investment schemes in Kenya. The study was anchored on: modern portfolio theory and the efficient market hypothesis. The positivism philosophy was applied, with the firms adopting an explanatory research design. The target population was 17 Collective Investment Schemes registered by the Capital Markets Authority and were operational in the period 2010 to 2018. Secondary data was sought from the Capital Markets Authority Annual reports and from the respective websites of the CIS’. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlational analysis and panel regression analysis. Hypotheses were tested at a significance level of 0.05. Findings indicate that equity investment, bond investments have an insignificant effect on CIS’ return on assets. Further, equity investments had a positive and significant effect on liquidity whereas bond investments had an insignificant effect on liquidity. The study recommends that CISs actively revise their equity investments and bond investments to stimulate financial returns.

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Geyer, Matthias, Rafael Gutierrez, and Gianaurelio Cuniberti. "Effective Hamiltonian model for helically constrained quantum systems within adiabatic perturbation theory: Application to the chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect." Journal of Chemical Physics 152, no. 21 (June 7, 2020): 214105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0005181.

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Maiorano, Tiziana, and Monia Vagni. "Coping Strategies, Immediate and Delayed Suggestibility among Children and Adolescents." Social Sciences 9, no. 11 (October 22, 2020): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci9110186.

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Knowing the factors that influence children’s suggestibility is important in implementing the psychological variables to be evaluated during a forensic evaluation. In the interrogative suggestibility model, coping strategies intervene in determining the acceptance or rejection of the leading question. However, studies that investigated the relationship between interrogative suggestibility and coping strategies had mixed results. Avoidance-oriented coping is associated with high level to immediate suggestibility and problem-focused with low levels. In this study, we measured immediate suggestibility, delayed suggestibility, and coping strategies in a sample of 100 children. We hypothesized that avoidance-oriented coping strategies have a predictive effect in increasing immediate suggestibility levels, in particular avoidance-oriented coping oriented towards the tendency to accept leading questions. No effect of coping strategies was expected on delayed suggestibility. All children completed the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale (GSS 2), a non-verbal IQ test, and the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS). Coping strategies were not related to delayed suggestibility, but avoidance-oriented coping correlated positively with immediate suggestibility. Avoidance-oriented coping emerged as the only significant predictive model for shift and total suggestibility, and its subscale distraction emerged as a predictor for Yield 1 and Yield 2. No predictors emerged for delayed suggestibility. Results are discussed for their theoretical implications.

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Bargiel-Matusiewicz, Kamilla, Aleksandra Kroemeke, and Katarzyna Polańska. "The relationship between neuroticism, coping styles and emotions in women with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome: A moderated mediation analysis." Polish Psychological Bulletin 44, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ppb-2013-0001.

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Abstract Objectives Study participants are 46 women (age 23.48 ± 4.88 years) with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (M-R-K-H) syndrome. Occurrence of the M-R-K-H syndrome is one in 4000-5000 female children. It was investigated (a) whether coping styles mediate the effect of neuroticism (N) on positive (PA) and negative (NA) affect, and (b) whether this mediation is moderated by the level of N as well as (c) whether this moderated mediation is moderated by length of awareness of illness. Methods: Neuroticism, coping style as well as positive and negative emotions were assessed using the Polish version of NOE-FFI, CISS and Scale of Emotional State. Results: Emotion coping style fully (for PA) or partly (for NA) mediated the relationship between neuroticism and emotions and these mediations were moderated by the level of N. Additionally, direct effect of neuroticism on NA was moderated by the time for which a patient has been aware of the disease. Conclusions: The level of neuroticism and the length of illness are important factors for the psychological functioning of women with M-R-K-H Syndrome. In women with medium and high neuroticism, (positive) effect of N on NA was indirect and also direct - but only in those who have been aware of the diagnosis for 6 years or more. Relations with positive emotions were different: the indirect effect (negative) was observed only in women with a moderate and low neuroticism.

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Sergiyenko, Yelena A., Yelena A. Khlevnaya, Tat’yana S. Kiselyova, Aleksandra А. Nikitina, and Yekaterina I. Osipenko. "The role of emotional intelligence in coping with difficult life situations." Vestnik of Kostroma State University. Series: Pedagogy. Psychology. Sociokinetics 26, no. 4 (February 24, 2021): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/2073-1426-2020-26-4-120-128.

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The article is aimed at examining the role of emotional intelligence (EI) in the co-operative behaviour of a person, analysing and presenting foreign and Russian research in this area. The results of empirical research are given. The sample consisted of 243 people aged 18 to 67 years (61 men and 182 women, the average age – 36.1 years), of which 107 participants noted that they are middle and senior managers, 136 respondents are employees. The study used the EIT methodology («Emotional Intelligence Test») and the questionnaire CISS (Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations). Correlation analysis revealed the following correlations: positive – between the common EI, domains and branches of EI and problem-oriented copying, and negative – between the experienced domain and common EI with emotionally oriented coping. According to regression analysis, the cumulative effect of the four branches of EI is more pronounced when problem-oriented coping is chosen, and the ability to understand and analyse emotions makes the greatest contribution. The management team has demonstrated the ability to influence the emotions of others and to resort more often to problem-based coping, while the non-management team better recognises emotions in the surrounding space.

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Choi, Y. C., Ho Young Cha, Lester F. Eastman, and Michael G. Spencer. "Design Considerations of a New 4H-SiC Enhancement-Mode Lateral Channel Vertical JFET for Low-Loss Switching Operation." Materials Science Forum 527-529 (October 2006): 1199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.527-529.1199.

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A new silicon carbide (SiC) enhancement-mode lateral channel vertical junction fieldeffect transistor (LC-VJFET), namely “source inserted double-gate structure (SID-gate) with a supplementary highly doped region (SHDR)”, was proposed for achieving extremely low power losses in high power switching applications. The proposed architecture was based on the combination of an additional source electrode inserted between two adjacent surface gate electrodes and a unique SHDR in the vertical channel region. Two-dimensional numerical simulations for the static and resistive switching characteristics were performed to analyze and optimize the SiC LCVJFET structures for this purpose. Based on the simulation results, the excellent performance of the proposed structure was compared with optimized conventional structures with regard to total power losses. Finally, the proposed structure showed about a 20 % reduction in on-state loss (Pon) compared to the conventional structures, due to the effective suppression of the JFET effect. Furthermore, the switching loss (Psw) of the proposed structure was found to be much lower than the results of the conventional structures, about a 75 % ~ 95 % reduction, by significantly reducing both input capacitance (Ciss) and reverse transfer capacitance (Crss) of the device.

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Turashvili, Tamara, and Marine Japaridze. "COPING STRATEGIES OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN GEORGIAN CONTEXT." Problems of Education in the 21st Century 56, no. 1 (November 25, 2013): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pec/13.56.144.

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Studies in university students' coping strategies have their peculiarities due to particularly acute stresses characteristic of this period of life. On the other hand, there are specific limits regarding the nature of stressors and the lack of coping ability in this period. Due to such limits, it is necessary to consider different approaches to university students' stressors. Research into university students' coping strategies has been done in various countries, but this is the first such study done in Georgia. Within the transactional stress concept of Lazarus, we tested the stress buffering effects of various coping strategies such as task-, emotion-, and avoidance-oriented coping strategies, praying, and social support. Within the framework of the research, 252 university students from a wide variety of disciplines and with an average age of 21 were surveyed. The methods applied in the study are the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) by Endler & Parker (Endler & Parker,1990) and the Stress Life Inventory (SRRS) by Holmes and Rahe (Holmes & Rahe, 1967) combined with the Kucher Adolescent Depression Scale KADS -6 (Brooks et al.,2003). Results show expected main effects: There are different coping strategies used in different critical life events. Coping strategies such as social support and praying have a stress-buffering effect and prove to be situational resources in cases of strong stress. Certain coping strategies such as task-oriented coping, emotional coping and praying are predictors of psychological well-being. Key words: coping strategies, critical life event, social support, student, university, well-being.

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Yoon, Jongwoon, and Kwangsoo Kim. "A Novel MOS-Channel Diode Embedded in a SiC Superjunction MOSFET for Enhanced Switching Performance and Superior Short Circuit Ruggedness." Electronics 10, no. 21 (October 27, 2021): 2619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10212619.

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In this study, a novel MOS-channel diode embedded in a SiC superjunction MOSFET (MCD SJ-MOSFET) is proposed and analyzed by means of numerical TCAD simulations. Owing to the electric field shielding effect of the P+ body and the P-pillar, the channel diode oxide thickness (tco) of MCD can be set to very thin while achieving a low maximum oxide electric field (EMOX) under 3 MV/cm. Therefore, the turn-on voltage (VF) of the proposed structure was 1.43 V, deactivating the parasitic PIN body diode. Compared with the SJ-MOSFET, the reverse recovery time (trr) and the reverse recovery charge (Qrr) were improved by 43% and 59%, respectively. Although there is a slight increase in specific on-resistance (RON), the MCD SJ-MOSFET shows very low input capacitance (CISS) and gate to drain capacitance (CGD) due to the reduced active gate. Therefore, significantly improved figures of merit RON × CGD by a factor of 4.3 are achieved compared to SJ-MOSFET. As a result, the proposed structure reduced the switching time as well as the switching energy loss (ESW). Moreover, electro-thermal simulation results show that the MCD SJ-MOSFET has a short circuit withstand time (tSC) more than twice that of the SJ-MOSFET at various DC bus voltages (400 and 600 V).

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Rogowska, Aleksandra Maria, Cezary Kuśnierz, and Dominika Ochnik. "Changes in Stress, Coping Styles, and Life Satisfaction between the First and Second Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Cross-Lagged Study in a Sample of University Students." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 17 (September 6, 2021): 4025. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10174025.

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In this study, we aimed to explain the interplay mechanism between stress, life satisfaction, and coping styles among university students. A cohort study was performed during the first (wave 1; W1) and second (wave 2; W2) waves of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The total sample included 231 university students, of which 59.31% were women. The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) were included in one online survey. Stress, emotion-oriented, and avoidance-oriented coping styles increased from W1 to W2 of the COVID-19 pandemic, while life satisfaction and task-oriented coping decreased. The partial mediation effect of all three coping styles during W1 and W2 (in a cross-sectional approach) on the relationship between perceived stress and life satisfaction was confirmed in this study. The task-oriented and avoidance-oriented coping styles can play a mediating role in the reciprocal relationship between life satisfaction and perceived stress during W1 and W2 of the pandemic. There were no mutual interactions between stress and life satisfaction from a longitudinal approach. Coping styles changed subsequently due to stressful environmental changes related to lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic. Having a wide range of coping strategies from which to choose during an unstable situation should help manage stress and well-being.

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Skwirczyńska, Edyta, Anita Chudecka-Głaz, Oskar Wróblewski, Karol Tejchman, Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka, Michał Piotrowiak, Kaja Michalczyk, and Beata Karakiewicz. "Age Matters: The Moderating Effect of Age on Styles and Strategies of Coping with Stress and Self-Esteem in Patients with Neoplastic Prostate Hyperplasia." Cancers 15, no. 5 (February 24, 2023): 1450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15051450.

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The aim of this study was to analyze coping mechanisms and their psychological aspects during the treatment of neoplastic prostate hyperplasia. We have analyzed strategies and styles of coping with stress and self-esteem of patients diagnosed with neoplastic prostate hyperplasia. A total of 126 patients were included in the study. Standardized psychological questionnaires were used to determine the type of coping strategy by using the Stress Coping Inventory MINI-COPE, while a coping style questionnaire was used to assess the type of coping style by using the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS). The SES Self-Assessment Scale was used to measure the level of self-esteem. Patients using adaptive strategies of coping with stress in the form of active coping, seeking support and planning had higher self-esteem. However, the use of maladaptive coping strategies in the form of self-blame was found to cause a significant decrease in patients’ self-esteem. The study has also shown the choice of a task-based coping style to positively influence one’s self-esteem. An analysis related to patients’ age and coping methods revealed younger patients, up to 65 years of age, using adaptive strategies of coping with stress to have a higher level of self-esteem than older patients using similar strategies. The results of this study show that older patients, despite the use of adaptation strategies, have lower self-esteem. This group of patients should receive special care both from family and medical staff. The obtained results support the implementation of holistic care for patients, using psychological interventions to improve patients’ quality of life. Early psychological consultation and mobilization of patients’ personal resources may allow patients to change stress coping methods towards more adaptive forms.

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Khajeh Hasani Rabari, Fatemeh, Fatemeh Rezaei, Fatemeh Mirzai, and Fatemeh Sedighi. "Investigating the role of coping strategies, personality traits and mindfulness with self-care in leukemia patients." Journal of Assessment and Research in Applied Counseling 5, no. 4 (December 2023): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.61838/kman.jarac.5.4.7.

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Objective: Leukemia is one of the most common cancers, and several factors play a role in aggravating the disease process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between coping strategies, personality traits, and mindfulness with self-care in leukemia patients. Materials and Methods: The research design was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of the research included patients with leukemia in Shariati and Sina hospitals in Tehran in the second half of 2023. 250 people were selected by the convenience sampling method. The data were collected using the Coping with Stressful Situation Questionnaire (CISS), the Neo Five-Factor Personality Characteristics Questionnaire, the Freiburg Mindfulness Questionnaire Short Form (FMI-SF), and the Self-Efficacy Self-Care Questionnaire (SUPPH) and analyzed with a step-by-step regression test with SPSS software. Findings: The results showed that the relationship between self-care and problem-oriented, emotion-oriented and avoidance strategies and the characteristics of extroversion, openness to experience, adaptability, conscientiousness and mindfulness has a significant positive relationship and a significant negative relationship with neuroticism. Also, the results showed that mindfulness, problem-oriented strategy, neuroticism, openness to experience and conscientiousness predict a total of 58% of the variance of self-care in patients with leukemia. Conclusion: Considering the effect of problem-oriented strategy, neuroticism, openness to experience and conscientiousness in self-care, it is suggested to organize courses to improve self-care in order to improve psychological health and increase self-care in patients with leukemia.

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Żelazny, Dorota, Michał Romaniszyn, and Piotr Wałęga. "Does Implantation of an Artificial Soft Anal Band Provide an Opportunity for Improvement of Biopsychosocial Function in Patients with Severe Fecal Incontinence?" Surgery Research and Practice 2019 (October 29, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9843164.

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Introduction. Severe fecal incontinence describes a condition of complete loss of control over fundamental physiological functions and loss of abilities to fulfil psychosocial functions by the patients. The last-step procedure, that is, to restore hope for improvement of biopsychosocial functioning and quality of life determined by the patient’s health status is implantation of an artificial anal sphincter. Objective. The study was a comparative analysis of the effect of the employed surgical procedure upon the degree of defecation control and quality of life indices in its behavioral, mental, and social aspects prior to and 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. The analysis also included the effect of the patient’s individual style of coping with stress and the functional outcome of the procedure. Material and Methods. The study included a group of 12 patients: 6 females and 6 males, aged from 36 to 60 years of life. The tools consisted of scoring systems that measured symptom intensity (FISI and Jorge and Wexner scale). In assessing the psychosocial functioning, the authors employed the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Scale (by Rockwood). The individual mode of coping with the disease was evaluated by using the CISS scale by Endler and Parker. Conclusions. The analysis of results demonstrated that the procedure of implanting an artificial anal sphincter affected the “continence” (up to 50–60% postoperatively) and led to improvement in psychosocial functioning in all its assessed aspects, i.e., lifestyle, employment of precautionary measures, depression, anxiety, and embarrassment. It was also noted that due to the specific character of the procedure (the necessity to operate an artificial implant), better mean results in assessment of the procedure functionality were achieved by patients presenting the goal-concentrated mode rather than emotions-concentrated mode of coping with the disease. Thus, it seems justified to state that assessment of biopsychological functioning may be a good criterion of the procedure effectiveness.

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Firouzeh, Seyedamin, Sara Illescas-Lopez, Md Anik Hossain, Juan Manuel Cuerva, Luis Álvarez de Cienfuegos, and Sandipan Pramanik. "Chirality-induced spin selectivity in functionalized carbon nanotube networks: The role of spin–orbit coupling." Journal of Chemical Physics 159, no. 3 (July 19, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0156348.

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Spin–orbit coupling in a chiral medium is generally assumed to be a necessary ingredient for the observation of the chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect. However, some recent studies have suggested that CISS may manifest even when the chiral medium has zero spin–orbit coupling. In such systems, CISS may arise due to an orbital polarization effect, which generates an electromagnetochiral anisotropy in two-terminal conductance. Here, we examine these concepts using a chirally functionalized carbon nanotube network as the chiral medium. A transverse measurement geometry is used, which nullifies any electromagnetochiral contribution but still exhibits the tell-tale signs of the CISS effect. This suggests that CISS may not be explained solely by electromagnetochiral effects. The role of nanotube spin–orbit coupling on the observed pure CISS signal is studied by systematically varying nanotube diameter. We find that the magnitude of the CISS signal scales proportionately with the spin–orbit coupling strength of the nanotubes. We also find that nanotube diameter dictates the supramolecular chirality of the medium, which in turn determines the sign of the CISS signal.

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Alwan, Seif, Subhajit Sarkar, Amos Sharoni, and Yonatan Dubi. "Temperature-dependence of the chirality-induced spin selectivity effect—Experiments and theory." Journal of Chemical Physics 159, no. 1 (July 5, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0147886.

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The temperature-dependence of the chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect can be used to discriminate between different theoretical proposals for the mechanism of the CISS effect. Here, we briefly review key experimental results and discuss the effect of temperature in different models for the CISS effect. We then focus on the recently suggested spinterface mechanism and describe the different possible effects temperature can have within this model. Finally, we analyze in detail recent experimental results presented in the work of Qian et al. [Nature 606, 902–908 (2022)] and demonstrate that, contrary to the original interpretation by the authors, these data actually indicate that the CISS effect increases with decreasing temperature. Finally, we show how the spinterface model can accurately reproduce these experimental results.

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Bangruwa, Neeraj, Suryansh, Mayra Peralta, Rafael Gutierrez, Gianaurelio Cuniberti, and Debabrata Mishra. "Sequence-controlled chiral induced spin selectivity effect in ds-DNA." Journal of Chemical Physics 159, no. 4 (July 24, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0157931.

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In this research, we explore sequence-dependent chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) in double-stranded (ds)-DNA using time-correlated single-photon counting and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy supplemented by tight-binding calculations of the phenomenon for the first time. The average lifetime of the photo-excited electrons in a Quantum Dot-DNA system is influenced by the CISS effect generated by the DNA molecule, and the difference in average time decay of electrons was found to be 345 ps for opposite polarity (“UP” and “DOWN”) of spins due to the CISS effect. Moreover, the yield of spin-polarized electrons due to the CISS effect was reduced by more than 35% from perfect DNA to DNA with point mutations. Remarkably, by employing a tight binding method combined with Green’s function formalism for transport, simulations of the process support the observed experimental trends. Our results provide a basic understanding of the sequence-specific spin-dependent electron transfer through ds-DNA. These results would help to build spin-based next-generation DNA sensors.

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Vensaus, Priscila, Yunchang Liang, Nicolas Zigon, Narcis Avarvari, Vladimiro Mujica, Galo J. A. A. Soler-Illia, and Magalí Lingenfelder. "Hybrid mesoporous electrodes evidence CISS effect on water oxidation." Journal of Chemical Physics 160, no. 11 (March 21, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0199339.

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Controlling product selectivity is essential for improving the efficiency of multi-product reactions. Electrochemical water oxidation is a reaction of main importance in different applications, e.g., renewable energy schemes and environmental protection, where H2O2 and O2 are the two principal products. In this Communication, the product selectivity of electrochemical water oxidation was controlled by making use of the chiral induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect at mesoporous-TiO2 on the molecule-modified Au substrate. Our results show a decrease in H2O2 formation when using chiral hetero-helicene molecules adsorbed on the Au substrate. We propose a mechanism for this kinetic effect based on the onset of CISS-induced spin polarization on the Au–helicene chiral interface. We also present a new tunable substrate to investigate the CISS mechanism.

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"Does Somatic Amplification Effect Patient Reports of Visual Discomfort?" Vision Development & Rehabilitation, July 17, 2015, 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31707/vdr2015.1.2.p135.

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Background: Anomalies in the accommodation or vergence system have been clearly associated with symptoms of visual discomfort. However, there has been little research investigating non-visual factors that could be associated with visual discomfort. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the association between somatic amplification and visual discomfort as measured by the survey developed by Conlon et al and the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) in a group of graduate students. Methods: Fifty-four students between 18 and 30 years of age with 36 being female participated in the study. Students filled out the Somatosensory Amplification Scale (SSAS), and the visual discomfort surveys developed by Conlon et al and the CISS. All students were screened for visual acuity, uncorrected refractive error, and illnesses or medication use that would adversely impact vision. The association between the SSAS and the Conlon et al survey and the CISS was assessed using the Pearson correlations and t-tests were used to compare SSAS scores in students scoring high and low on each survey of visual discomfort. Results: The correlation between the SSAS and the survey developed by Conlon et al was small (r=0.28) as was the association with the CISS (r=0.30). Both correlations were statistically significant, p=0.04 and p=0.03, respectively. The SSAS score was higher in the high discomfort group for the CISS (p=0.006) but this was not replicated with the Conlon et al survey (p=0.09). Conclusions: The SSAS showed a small correlation with the two surveys of visual discomfort that was statistically significant. Somatic amplification has a small impact on symptoms of visual discomfort in our group of graduate students.

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Wang, Jingying, Baorui Mao, and Zeev Valy Vardeny. "Chirality induced spin selectivity in chiral hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites." Journal of Chemical Physics 159, no. 9 (September 7, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0160032.

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Chiral materials exhibit many interesting physical properties including circular dichroism, circularly polarized photoluminescence, and spin selectivity. Since its discovery, chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) has been demonstrated in many chiral material systems, which indicates promising applications in spintronic devices. Thus, searching for compounds that possess both sizable chirality and excellent spin transport properties is in order. Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites have attracted intensive research interest due to their long carrier lifetime, high carrier mobility, chemically tunable electronic properties, and long spin lifetime, which make this emerging class of semiconductors promising candidate for spintronics. Moreover, hybrid perovskites integrate inorganic octahedral framework and organic ligands, which may introduce chirality into the materials, especially in quasi-two-dimensional structures. Recently, CISS has been observed in 2D chiral hybrid perovskites, showing the spin filtering effect. Studies of CISS in chiral hybrid perovskites not only help deepen our understanding of CISS mechanism but also shed new light on designing novel spintronic devices. In this review, we summarize the state-of-the-art studies of CISS effect in 2D chiral hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites system. We also discuss the remaining challenges and research opportunities of employing CISS in next-generation spintronic devices.

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Kousaka, Yusuke, Taisei Sayo, Satoshi Iwasaki, Ryo Saki, Chiho Shimada, Hiroaki Shishido, and Yoshihiko Togawa. "Chirality-selected crystal growth and spin polarization over centimeters of transition metal disilicide crystals." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, December 5, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35848/1347-4065/aca8e2.

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Abstract We performed a chirality-controlled crystal growth of transition metal disilicide NbSi2 and TaSi2 by using a laser-diode-heated floating zone (LDFZ) method. The crystal chirality was evaluated in the crystals of centimeters in length by performing single crystal X-ray diffraction as well as probing a spin polarization originating from chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect. The crystals of right-handed NbSi2 and of left-handed TaSi2 were obtained in the conventional LDFZ crystal growth, while the left-handed NbSi2 and right-handed TaSi2 crystals were grown by the LDFZ method with the composition-gradient feed rods. The spin polarization via the CISS was observed over centimeters in the NbSi2 single crystals and the sign of the CISS signals was dependent on the chirality of crystals. The correlation between the crystal chirality and CISS signals indicates that the CISS measurements work as a non-destructive method for chirality determination even in centimeter-long specimens.

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Privitera, Alberto, Davide Faccio, Demetra Giuri, Elisabeth I. Latawiec, Damiano Genovese, Francesco Tassinari, Liviana Mummolo, et al. "Challenges in the Direct Detection of Chirality‐induced Spin Selectivity: Investigation of Foldamer‐based Donor‐Acceptor Dyads." Chemistry – A European Journal, September 7, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.202301005.

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Over the past two decades, the chirality‐induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect was reported in several experiments disclosing a unique connection between chirality and electron spin. Recent theoretical works highlighted time‐resolved Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (trEPR) as a powerful tool to directly detect the spin polarization resulting from CISS. Here, we report a first attempt to detect CISS at the molecular level by linking the pyrene electron donor to the fullerene acceptor with chiral peptide bridges of different lengths and electric dipole moment. The dyads are investigated by an array of techniques, including cyclic voltammetry, steady‐state and transient optical spectroscopies, and trEPR. Despite the promising energy alignment of the electronic levels, our multi‐technique analysis reveals no evidence of electron transfer (ET), highlighting the challenges of spectroscopic detection of CISS. However, the analysis allows the formulation of guidelines for the design of chiral organic model systems suitable to directly probe CISS‐polarized ET.

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Wang, Qingqian, Hongmei Zhu, Yangzhi Tan, Junjie Hao, Taikang Ye, Haodong Tang, Zhaojin Wang, et al. "Spin Quantum dot Light‐Emitting Diodes Enabled by Two‐Dimensional Chiral Perovskite with Spin‐Dependent Carrier Transport." Advanced Materials, October 3, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.202305604.

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AbstractChiral‐induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect provides innovative approach to spintronics and quantum‐based devices for chiral materials. Different from the conventional ferromagnetic devices, the application of CISS effect is potential to operate under room temperature and zero applied magnetic field. Low dimensional chiral perovskites by introducing chiral amines are beginning to show significant CISS effect for spin injection, but research on chiral perovskites is still in its infancy, especially on spin‐light emitting diode (spin‐LED) construction. Here we report the spin‐QLEDs enabled by two‐dimensional (2D) chiral perovskites as CISS layer for spin‐dependent carrier injection and CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) as light emitting layer. The regulation pattern of the chirality and thickness of chiral perovskites, which affects the circularly polarized electroluminescence (CP‐EL) emission of spin‐QLED, has been discovered. Notably, the spin injection polarization of 2D chiral perovskites is higher than 80% and the CP‐EL asymmetric factor (gCP‐EL) achieves up to 1.6 × 10−2. Consequently, this work opens up a new and effective approach for high‐performance spin‐LEDs.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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"Association of Asthenopia with Sustained Attention, Accommodation and Encephalographic Activity." Vision Development & Rehabilitation, October 4, 2016, 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31707/vdr2016.2.3.p155.

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Purpose: Greater accommodative lag and vergence deficits have been linked to attentional deficits similar to those observed in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of accommodative-vergence stress on sustained attention, lens accommodation and frontal electroencephalographic activity in young adults with high and low symptoms of asthenopia. Methods: Forty-six college students participated in the study. Based on their scores on the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS), 18 participants were assigned to the high CISS symptom group, while 21 participants comprised the low CISS symptom group. All of the participants completed a test of sustained attention (Conners CPT) twice while wearing -2.00 D lenses and normally in a counterbalanced order one week apart. Their dynamic accommodative responses and electroencephalographic activity (EEG) during attentional testing was also recorded. Results: The results showed that the high CISS symptom group performed a significantly greater number of commissions, perseverations and poorer target detectability than the low CISS symptom group across both testing sessions. Accommodative lag was significantly smaller in the non-stress condition compared to the -2.0 D stress condition for both groups. The low CISS symptom group, however, showed lower high beta power (21- 29Hz) during completion of Conners CPT than the high CISS symptom group, suggesting greater cortical activation in the high CISS symptom group. Conclusions: Overall the results of the study demonstrated that symptoms of asthenopia are also correlated with symptoms of inattention and predict performance deterioration in sustained attention. Additional increase in accommodative-vergence stress, however, was not shown to disrupt performance of the high symptom group to a greater extent than in the low symptom group possibly due to the absence of accommodative deficits in the high symptom group, absence of sustained vergence deficits and/or a relatively short duration of accommodative-vergence stress.

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Aizawa, Hiroki, Takuro Sato, Saori Maki-Yonekura, Koji Yonekura, Kiyofumi Takaba, Tasuku Hamaguchi, Taketoshi Minato, and Hiroshi M. Yamamoto. "Enantioselectivity of discretized helical supramolecule consisting of achiral cobalt phthalocyanines via chiral-induced spin selectivity effect." Nature Communications 14, no. 1 (July 28, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-40133-z.

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AbstractEnantioselectivity of helical aggregation is conventionally directed either by its homochiral ingredients or by introduction of chiral catalysis. The fundamental question, then, is whether helical aggregation that consists only of achiral components can obtain enantioselectivity in the absence of chiral catalysis. Here, by exploiting enantiospecific interaction due to chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) that has been known to work to enantio-separate a racemic mixture of chiral molecules, we demonstrate the enantioselectivity in the assembly of mesoscale helical supramolecules consisting of achiral cobalt phthalocyanines. The helical nature in our supramolecules is revealed to be mesoscopically incorporated by dislocation-induced discretized twists, unlike the case of chiral molecules whose chirality are determined microscopically by chemical bond. The relevance of CISS effect in the discretized helical supramolecules is further confirmed by the appearance of spin-polarized current through the system. These observations mean that the application of CISS-based enantioselectivity is no longer limited to systems with microscopic chirality but is expanded to the one with mesoscopic chirality.

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Pan, Ruiheng, Xiantong Tang, Lixuan Kan, Yang Li, Haomiao Yu, and Kai Wang. "Spin-Photogalvanic Effect in Chiral Lead Halide Perovskites." Nanoscale, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2nr06919a.

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Low temperature solution-made chiral lead halide perovskites (LHPs) have the spontaneous Bychkov-Rashba spin orbit coupling (SOC) and chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) characters. Their coexistence may give rise to considerable spin...

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Dubi, Yonatan. "Spinterface chirality-induced spin selectivity effect in bio-molecules." Chemical Science, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2sc02565e.

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The chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect, namely the dependence of current through a chiral molecule on spin of the electron, was discovered over two decades ago, and has been suggested...

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Ma, Sunihl, Hyungsoo Lee, and Jooho Moon. "Chirality‐Induced Spin Selectivity Enables New Breakthrough in Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical Reactions." Advanced Materials, July 4, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.202405685.

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AbstractTo facilitate the transition from a carbon‐energy‐dependent society to a sustainable society, conventional engineering strategies, which encounter limitations associated with intrinsic material properties, should undergo the paradigm shift. From a theoretical viewpoint, the spin‐dependent feature of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) reveals the potential of a spin‐polarization strategy in enhancing the performance of electrochemical (EC) reactions. The chirality‐induced spin selectivity (CISS) phenomenon attracts unprecedented attention owing to its potential utility in achieving novel breakthroughs. This paper starts with the experimental results aimed at enhancing the efficiency of the spin‐dependent OER focusing on the EC system based on the CISS phenomenon. The applicability of spin‐polarization to EC system is verified through various analytical methodologies to clarify the theoretical groundwork and mechanisms underlying the spin‐dependent reaction pathway. The discussion is then extended to effective spin‐control strategies in photoelectrochemical system based on the CISS effect. Exploring the influence of spin‐state control on the kinetic and thermodynamic aspects, this perspective also discusses the effect of spin polarization induced by the CISS phenomenon on spin‐dependent OER. Lastly, future directions for enhancing the performance of spin‐dependent redox systems are discussed, including expansion to various chemical reactions and the development of materials with spin‐control capabilities.

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Naaman, Ron, Yossi Paltiel, and David H. Waldeck. "Chiral Induced Spin Selectivity and Its Implications for Biological Functions." Annual Review of Biophysics 51, no. 1 (December 21, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-biophys-083021-070400.

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Chirality in life has been preserved throughout evolution. It has been assumed that the main function of chirality is its contribution to structural properties. In the past two decades, however, it has been established that chiral molecules possess unique electronic properties. Electrons that pass through chiral molecules, or even charge displacements within a chiral molecule, do so in a manner that depends on the electron's spin and the molecule's enantiomeric form. This effect, referred to as chiral induced spin selectivity (CISS), has several important implications for the properties of biosystems. Among these implications, CISS facilitates long-range electron transfer, enhances bio-affinities and enantioselectivity, and enables efficient and selective multi-electron redox processes. In this article, we review the CISS effect and some of its manifestations in biological systems. We argue that chirality is preserved so persistently in biology not only because of its structural effect, but also because of its important function in spin polarizing electrons. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Biophysics, Volume 51 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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