Готові списки джерел за темами / Cis vaccenyl acetate / Статті в журналах

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Статті в журналах з теми "Cis vaccenyl acetate"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 березня 2023

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Bartelt, Robert J., Angela M. Schaner, and Larry L. Jackson. "cis-Vaccenyl acetate as an aggregation pheromone inDrosophila melanogaster." Journal of Chemical Ecology 11, no. 12 (December 1985): 1747–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01012124.

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Ejima, Aki. "Pleiotropic actions of the male pheromone cis-vaccenyl acetate in Drosophila melanogaster." Journal of Comparative Physiology A 201, no. 9 (June 24, 2015): 927–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00359-015-1020-9.

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Scott, David, and Rollin C. Richmond. "Evidence against an antiaphrodisiac role for cis-vaccenyl acetate in Drosophila melanogaster." Journal of Insect Physiology 33, no. 5 (January 1987): 363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1910(87)90125-9.

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Ha, T. S. "A Pheromone Receptor Mediates 11-cis-Vaccenyl Acetate-Induced Responses in Drosophila." Journal of Neuroscience 26, no. 34 (August 23, 2006): 8727–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0876-06.2006.

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Ejima, Aki, Benjamin P. C. Smith, Christophe Lucas, Wynand van der Goes van Naters, Carson J. Miller, John R. Carlson, Joel D. Levine, and Leslie C. Griffith. "Generalization of Courtship Learning in Drosophila Is Mediated by cis-Vaccenyl Acetate." Current Biology 17, no. 7 (April 2007): 599–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2007.01.053.

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Costa, Rodolfo. "Esterase-6 and the pheromonal effects of cis-vaccenyl acetate in Drosophila melanogaster." Journal of Evolutionary Biology 2, no. 6 (November 1989): 395–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1420-9101.1989.2060395.x.

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Vander Meer, Robert K., Martin S. Obin, Stephen Zawistowski, Kathy B. Sheehan, and Rollin C. Richmond. "A reevaluation of the role of cis-vaccenyl acetate, cis-vaccenol and esterase 6 in the regulation of mated female sexual attractiveness in Drosophila melanogaster." Journal of Insect Physiology 32, no. 8 (January 1986): 681–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1910(86)90109-5.

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Zawistowski, Stephen, and Rollin C. Richmond. "Inhibition of courtship and mating of Drosophila melanogaster by the male-produced lipid, cis-vaccenyl acetate." Journal of Insect Physiology 32, no. 3 (January 1986): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1910(86)90057-0.

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Ray, Ann M., Alenka Žunič, Ronald L. Alten, J. Steven McElfresh, Lawrence M. Hanks, and Jocelyn G. Millar. "cis-Vaccenyl Acetate, A Female-Produced Sex Pheromone Component of Ortholeptura valida, A Longhorned Beetle in the Subfamily Lepturinae." Journal of Chemical Ecology 37, no. 2 (January 28, 2011): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10886-011-9908-5.

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Everaerts, Claude, Laurie Cazalé-Debat, Alexis Louis, Emilie Pereira, Jean-Pierre Farine, Matthew Cobb, and Jean-François Ferveur. "Pre-imaginal conditioning alters adult sex pheromone response in Drosophila." PeerJ 6 (September 27, 2018): e5585. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5585.

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Анотація:

Pheromones are chemical signals that induce innate responses in individuals of the same species that may vary with physiological and developmental state. In Drosophila melanogaster, the most intensively studied pheromone is 11-cis-vaccenyl acetate (cVA), which is synthezised in the male ejaculatory bulb and is transferred to the female during copulation. Among other effects, cVA inhibits male courtship of mated females. We found that male courtship inhibition depends on the amount of cVA and this effect is reduced in male flies derived from eggs covered with low to zero levels of cVA. This effect is not observed if the eggs are washed, or if the eggs are laid several days after copulation. This suggests that courtship suppression involves a form of pre-imaginal conditioning, which we show occurs during the early larval stage. The conditioning effect could not be rescued by synthetic cVA, indicating that it largely depends on conditioning by cVA and other maternally-transmitted factor(s). These experiments suggest that one of the primary behavioral effects of cVA is more plastic and less stereotypical than had hitherto been realised.

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Das, Sudeshna, Federica Trona, Mohammed A. Khallaf, Elisa Schuh, Markus Knaden, Bill S. Hansson, and Silke Sachse. "Electrical synapses mediate synergism between pheromone and food odors in Drosophila melanogaster." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 46 (October 31, 2017): E9962—E9971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1712706114.

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In Drosophila melanogaster, the sex pheromone produced by males, cis-vaccenyl acetate (cVA), evokes a stereotypic gender-specific behavior in both males and females. As Drosophila adults feed, mate, and oviposit on food, they perceive the pheromone as a blend against a background of food odors. Previous studies have reported that food odors enhance flies’ behavioral response to cVA, specifically in virgin females. However, how and where the different olfactory inputs interact has so far remained unknown. In this study, we elucidated the neuronal mechanism underlying the response at an anatomical, functional, and behavioral level. Our data show that in virgin females cVA and the complex food odor vinegar evoke a synergistic response in the cVA-responsive glomerulus DA1. This synergism, however, does not appear at the input level of the glomerulus, but is restricted to the projection neuron level only. Notably, it is abolished by a mutation in gap junctions in projection neurons and is found to be mediated by electrical synapses between excitatory local interneurons and projection neurons. As a behavioral consequence, we demonstrate that virgin females in the presence of vinegar become receptive more rapidly to courting males, while male courtship is not affected. Altogether, our results suggest that lateral excitation via gap junctions modulates odor tuning in the antennal lobe and drives synergistic interactions between two ecologically relevant odors, representing food and sex.

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Iftikhar, Hina, Nicholas L. Johnson, Matthew L. Marlatt, and Ginger E. Carney. "The Role of miRNAs in Drosophila melanogaster Male Courtship Behavior." Genetics 211, no. 3 (January 25, 2019): 925–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.118.301901.

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Drosophila melanogaster courtship, although stereotypical, continually changes based on cues received from the courtship subject. Such adaptive responses are mediated via rapid and widespread transcriptomic reprogramming, a characteristic now widely attributed to microRNAs (miRNAs), along with other players. Here, we conducted a large-scale miRNA knockout screen to identify miRNAs that affect various parameters of male courtship behavior. Apart from identifying miRNAs that impact male–female courtship, we observed that miR-957 mutants performed significantly increased male–male courtship and “chaining” behavior, whereby groups of males court one another. We tested the effect of miR-957 reduction in specific neuronal cell clusters, identifying miR-957 activity in Doublesex (DSX)-expressing and mushroom body clusters as an important regulator of male–male courtship interactions. We further characterized the behavior of miR-957 mutants and found that these males court male subjects vigorously, but do not elicit courtship. Moreover, they fail to lower courtship efforts toward females with higher levels of antiaphrodisiac pheromones. At the level of individual pheromones, miR-957 males show a reduced inhibitory response to both 7-Tricosene (7-T) and cis-vaccenyl acetate, with the effect being more pronounced in the case of 7-T. Overall, our results indicate that a single miRNA can contribute to the regulation of complex behaviors, including detection or processing of chemicals that control important survival strategies such as chemical mate-guarding, and the maintenance of sex- and species-specific courtship barriers.

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Hassan, Madinat, Sunday Zeal Bala, Musa Bashir, Peter Maitalata Waziri, Ramlatu Musa Adam, Muhammad Abdullahi Umar, and Priscilla Kini. "LC-MS and GC-MS Profiling of Different Fractions of Ficus platyphylla Stem Bark Ethanolic Extract." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2022 (December 14, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6349332.

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The exploration of medicinal plants in traditional medicine for the treatment of diseases has been practiced for long, globally, because of its cultural acceptability, availability, and affordability. This study investigated the qualitative and quantitative estimation of phytochemicals present in Ficus platyphylla stem bark as well as determined the reducing power and antioxidant property of each fraction against DPPH and NO radicals. The study further elucidated the presence of possible compounds in different fractions (methanol, ethyl acetate, petroleum ether, and chloroform) of Ficus platyphylla stem bark (FPSB) extract using GC-MS, LC-MS, and FTIR techniques. Qualitative phytochemical analysis reveals the presence of phytochemicals: saponin, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, steroids, alkaloids, and glycoside in the ethanolic extract. The LC-MS study of methanol and ethyl acetate fractions reveals the presence of thirteen and three compounds, respectively. GC-MS analysis shows the presence of trans-13-octadecenoic acid as the main compound 38.07% and cis-vaccenic acid as the least compound (0.10%) in the petroleum ether fraction. The main compound in the chloroform fraction is 12-oleanen-3-yl acetate, (3. alpha.) with a peak area percentage of 49.25% and oleic acid been the least compound with 0.07% peak area. The FTIR analysis reveals that the fractions contain compounds with hydroxyl, aromatic, methyl, methylene, methyne, long aliphatic chain, ethers, ether-oxy, peroxides, etc. The analyzed fractions reveal compounds with potential pharmacological activity in the management of pathological conditions.

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Odion, Emmanuel Eimiomodebheki, Rachel Ogheneovo Ogboru, and Mike Oshor Ighene. "Identification of Compounds in Elaeis guineensis Fruits using GC-MS." Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 19, no. 2 (December 10, 2020): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v19i2.50631.

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The aim of this study was to identify the chemical constituents of Elaeis guineensis (EG) using GCMS. EG fruits were purchased from a local market in Edo state and was identified, cleaned, boiled and extracted. The resultant crude extract was strained through filter paper and partitioned into n-hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate before subjected to GC-MS analysis. Eighty-two (82) compounds were identified and the major components are hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (10.53%), oleic acid (25.92%). n-hexadecanoic acid (31.41%), cis-vaccenic acid (22.82%) and octadecanoic acid (13.16%). Plants fatty acids are important for growth and defence mechanism against pathogen, possess antimicrobial action, implicated in pathway elucidation and stimulation of resistance mechanism in plants. Long chain fatty acids exert their effect on membrane phospholipids by modifying its composition and potentially interfering with synthesis of lipid signalling molecules. Identification of EG fruits have provided an idea of its chemical composition of the extract of E. guineensis. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 19(2): 153-159, 2020 (December)

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Karunanithi, Anbarasi, and Sivakumar Venkatachalam. "Optimization of ultrasound - assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from wood apple pulp: Identification of phytochemicals using GC-MS." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 25, no. 4 (2019): 361–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq180828014k.

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In the present work, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was employed to extract the phenolic compounds from wood apple pulp. A Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the process variables. The results revealed that UAE have significantly higher TPC (17.41?0.13 mg GAE/g dW) and TFC (6.73?0.19 mg RE/g dW) in comparison with solvent extraction that gave noticeably lower TPC (12.01?0.17 mg GAE/g dW) and TFC = 4.47?0.09 mg RE/g dW). Optimally obtained extracts of wood apple pulp were subjected to phytochemical screening and it was found that bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, 2-(1-buten-3-yl)-serverogenin acetate, 4H-pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-, L-(+)- -ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate, cis-vaccenic acid, thiopene, 2-propyl- -phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) and octanoic acid were present only in UAE extracts. Since the bioactive component presence is remarkably higher in UAE compared to other techniques, UAE seems to be a better method for the extraction of phenolic compounds from wood apple pulp.

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Benhissi, H., I. Beltrán de Heredia, and A. García-Rodríguez. "Effect of replacing palm fat with high-linoleic cold-pressed rapeseed or sunflower cakes on fatty acid biohydrogenation in an artificial rumen (Rusitec)." Animal Production Science 58, no. 3 (2018): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an15348.

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The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of substituting high-linoleic cold-pressed rapeseed or sunflower cakes for palm fat on fatty acids biohydrogenation in an artificial rumen. Three isoproteic and isolipidic diets (forage : concentrate ratio 10 : 90) were evaluated. The three diets consisted of barley straw plus a concentrate mixture supplemented with (1) prilled palm fat (CTR, Control), (2) cold-pressed rapeseed cake (CPRC treatment) or (3) cold-pressed sunflower cake (CPSC treatment) as a lipid source. The assay was conducted using a Rusitec unit consisting of six vessels (two vessels per treatment). After 7-day adaptation period, nutrients disappearance, rumen fermentation parameters and fatty acid profile of rumen digesta were determined for 3 days. CPRC treatment had no effect on nutrients disappearances and rumen fermentation. In contrast, CPSC reduced neutral detergent fibre (P = 0.04), acid detergent fibre (P = 0.01), protein (P = 0.01), organic matter (P < 0.01) and dry matter (P = 0.01) disappearances, compared with CTR and CPRC. CPSC also decreased total volatile fatty acids (P = 0.01) production and shifted rumen fermentation pattern towards lower acetate (P = 0.03) and higher propionate proportion (P = 0.01), in comparison to CTR and CPRC. Both CPRC and CPSC altered the fatty acids composition of ruminal digesta by decreasing the total saturated fatty acids (P < 0.01) and increasing the accumulation of C18:0 (P < 0.01), total C18:1 cis (P < 0.01) and total C18:1 trans (P < 0.01). Vaccenic acid was increased (P < 0.01) 2.18-fold by CPRC and 4.09-fold by CPSC. C18:1 trans-10 : trans-11 ratio remained constant among treatments (P = 0.31). Rumenic acid was not affected by CPRC but was increased (P = 0.04) 4.25- and 2.83-fold by CPSC compared with CTR and CPRC, respectively. Overall, feeding CPRC or CPSC to ruminants might improve the ruminal fatty acid profile mainly by reducing saturated fatty acids and promoting cis-monounsaturated fatty acids and vaccenic acid accumulation without altering the trans-10 : trans-11 ratio. These changes in rumen fatty acid composition could occur without detrimental effects on ruminal fermentation for CPRC but they might be associated with impaired rumen function for CPSC.

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Zulfina, S., M. A. N. Fathoni, R. Poerwanto, and D. D. Matra. "Characterization of secondary metabolites in kasturi mango (Mangifera casturi) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 948, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/948/1/012059.

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Abstract Indonesia is a high biodiversity country for underutilized fruits. Indonesian underutilized fruits contain several beneficial functional foods that are very useful for human health. This study aimed to analyze the secondary metabolites found in Kasturi mango (Mangifera casturi). Fruit sampling was carried out in Hulu Sungai Selatan and Banjar, South Kalimantan. Five types of Kasturi mango were used, namely Kasturi, Pinari, Palipisan, Cuban, and Rawa-rawa, which included aril and rind. The results of this research showed that there are specific compounds in each type. Analysis of secondary metabolites using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in Kasturi aril showed that specific compounds were obtained in the Kasturi type, such as 13-tetradecenal ethyl elaidate, spinacene, and (23S)-ethylcholest-5-en-3.beta.-ol. The Rawa-rawa type contained specific compounds such as tetradecanoic acid and cis-vaccenic acid. Analysis of secondary metabolites with GC-MS in Kasturi rind showed that the Kasturi type contained specific compounds, such as distearil phosphite and 13-octadecenoic acid. The Rawa-rawa type contained specific compounds such as docosane and triacontyl acetate. Based on, characterization of secondary metabolites using GC-MS, Kasturi mango showed the high variation of secondary metabolites among their types.

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Jalč, D., M. Čertík, K. Kundríková, and P. Kubelková. "Effect of microbial oil and fish oil on rumen fermentation and metabolism of fatty acids in artificial rumen." Czech Journal of Animal Science 54, No. 5 (May 19, 2009): 229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1765-cjas.

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The objective of this study was to examine the effect of microbial oil (MO, n-6 fatty acids) and fish oil (FO, n-3fatty acids) used in their blends as supplements (5% wt/wt) to the diet containing 80% of hay and 20% of barley on rumen fermentation and lipid metabolism in artificial rumen. Overall, three different ratios of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids (1:1, 3:1, and 5:1) as the blends of MO and FO were used. Two similar consecutive experiments were carried out within 2 months. Each experiment lasted for 12 days with 6 days of stabilization period. The addition of all three oil blends did not affect the parameters of fermentation such as degradation of dry matter (DM), detergent fibre, total gas production, but increased the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose in the diets. The supplementation of oil blends to the diet insignificantly (NS) decreased the methane production (mostly the n-6/n-3 ratio 1:1, about 23.5%), increased (P < 0.01) mol% of propionate (mostly the n-6/n-3 ratio 1:1, about 24.1%) and decreased (P < 0.05) mol% of acetate (mostly the n-6/n-3 ratio, 1:1, about 7.7%). The lipid metabolism in artificial rumen was also affected, when the oil blends increased (P < 0.001) the concentration of total fatty acids (FA) and long-chain FA (LCFA) in effluent. The concentration (mg/g rumen fluid DM) of trans (trans 11 C18:1, TVA-vaccenic acid), cis C18:1 isomers and CLA-conjugated linoleic acid (cis 9, trans 11 C18:2) was also increased (P < 0.001) by the oil blends. Finally, the oil blends caused the incomplete FA biohydrogenation by an increase in TVA concentration and TVA/C18:0 ratio in effluent in artificial rumen.

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Chen, Shiu-Ling, Bo-Ting Liu, Wang-Pao Lee, Sin-Bo Liao, Yao-Bang Deng, Chia-Lin Wu, Shuk-Man Ho, et al. "WAKE-mediated modulation of cVA perception via a hierarchical neuro-endocrine axis in Drosophila male-male courtship behaviour." Nature Communications 13, no. 1 (May 6, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-30165-2.

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AbstractThe nervous and endocrine systems coordinate with each other to closely influence physiological and behavioural responses in animals. Here we show that WAKE (encoded by wide awake, also known as wake) modulates membrane levels of GABAA receptor Resistance to Dieldrin (Rdl), in insulin-producing cells of adult male Drosophila melanogaster. This results in changes to secretion of insulin-like peptides which is associated with changes in juvenile hormone biosynthesis in the corpus allatum, which in turn leads to a decrease in 20-hydroxyecdysone levels. A reduction in ecdysone signalling changes neural architecture and lowers the perception of the male-specific sex pheromone 11-cis-vaccenyl acetate by odorant receptor 67d olfactory neurons. These finding explain why WAKE-deficient in Drosophila elicits significant male-male courtship behaviour.

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Cazalé-Debat, Laurie, Benjamin Houot, Jean-Pierre Farine, Claude Everaerts, and Jean-François Ferveur. "Flying Drosophila show sex-specific attraction to fly-labelled food." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1 (October 18, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-51351-1.

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Abstract Animals searching for food and sexual partners often use odourant mixtures combining food-derived molecules and pheromones. For orientation, the vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster uses three types of chemical cues: (i) the male volatile pheromone 11-cis-vaccenyl acetate (cVA), (ii) sex-specific cuticular hydrocarbons (CHs; and CH-derived compounds), and (iii) food-derived molecules resulting from microbiota activity. To evaluate the effects of these chemicals on odour-tracking behaviour, we tested Drosophila individuals in a wind tunnel. Upwind flight and food preference were measured in individual control males and females presented with a choice of two food sources labelled by fly lines producing varying amounts of CHs and/or cVA. The flies originated from different species or strains, or their microbiota was manipulated. We found that (i) fly-labelled food could attract—but never repel—flies; (ii) the landing frequency on fly-labelled food was positively correlated with an increased flight duration; (iii) male—but not female or non-sex-specific—CHs tended to increase the landing frequency on fly-labelled food; (iv) cVA increased female—but not male—preference for cVA-rich food; and (v) microbiota-derived compounds only affected male upwind flight latency. Therefore, sex pheromones interact with food volatile chemicals to induce sex-specific flight responses in Drosophila.

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Cortot, Jérôme, Jean-Pierre Farine, Matthew Cobb, Claude Everaerts, and Jean-François Ferveur. "Factors affecting the biosynthesis and emission of a Drosophila pheromone." Journal of Experimental Biology, June 9, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.244422.

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The most studied pheromone in Drosophila melanogaster, cis-Vaccenyl Acetate (cVA), is synthesized in the male ejaculatory bulb and transferred to the female during copulation. Combined with other chemicals cVA can modulate fly aggregation, courtship, mating and fighting. We explored the mechanisms underlying both cVA biosynthesis and emission in males of two wild types and a pheromonal mutant line. The effects of ageing, adult social interaction, and maternally-transmitted cVA and microbes — both associated with the egg chorion — on cVA biosynthesis and emission were measured. While ageing and genotype changed both biosynthesis and emission in similar ways, early developmental exposure to maternally-transmitted cVA and microbes strongly decreased cVA emission but not the biosynthesis of this molecule. This indicates that the release — but not the biosynthesis — of this sex pheromone strongly depends on early developmental context. The mechanism by which the preimaginal effects occur is unknown but reinforces the significance of development in determining adult physiology and behaviour.

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Ibrahim, Hamisu, Ahmed Jibrin Uttu, Muhammad Sani Sallau, and Ogunkemi Risikat Agbeke Iyun. "Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis of ethyl acetate root bark extract of Strychnos innocua (Delile)." Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (October 16, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s43088-021-00156-1.

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Abstract Background Majority of phytochemicals have been known to bear valuable therapeutic activities such as insecticidal, antibacterial, antifungal, anticonstipative, spasmolytic, antiplasmodial and antioxidant activities. Strychnos innocua is straight-stemmed tree belonging to the family Loganiaceae and can grow up to 18 m tall. The plant is used for various pharmacological purposes. The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition of the ethyl acetate extract of root bark of S. innocua using GC–MS analysis. The root bark was collected, air-dried and then crushed to powder. Standard extraction method (maceration) was used to obtain the ethyl acetate extract. The GC–MS was carried out on the extract using GC 7890B, MSD 5977A, Agilent Tech. Results Thirty-seven compounds were identified among which dibutyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate showed the highest peak area (31.03%) and monomethyl pimelate showed the lowest peak area (0.39%). The major compounds identified were cyclooctane (methoxymethoxy), 2,4-dimethylheptanedioic acid dimethyl ester, azelaic acid, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-methylpropyl) ester, dibutyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate, butyl 8-methylnonyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate, 9,15-octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester, cis-vaccenic acid, linoleic acid ethyl ester and ethyl oleate. Conclusions In conclusion, these phytoconstituents might be responsible for the medicinal efficacy of the root bark of S. innocua and can be used as a source therapeutic drug.

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Murniasih, Tutik Murniasih, Masteria Yunovilsa P, and Febriana Untari . "Antibacterial Activity and GC–MS Based Metabolite Profiles of Indonesian Marine Bacillus." Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy, August 15, 2022, 475–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijp.3504.

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Investigating Indonesian marine bacteria producing active compounds is key to finding a cultivable source of marine drugs. Screening the potential strain as well as profiling the active compounds are important steps to identifying the targeted substances. Methods used in this study were isolated some Bacillus strains from several marine environments in Indonesia, evaluated the antibacterial activity, and characterized the secondary metabolite using GC-MS spectroscopy. Several active antimicrobial compounds derived from marine microorganisms were identified using GC-MS such as pyrrolo [1,2-a] pyrazine-1,4-dione, octatriacontyl pentafluoropropionate. We found that some marine bacillus showed antimicrobial activity, such as B. flexus, B. tequilensis, B subtilis, and Bacillus sp. Profiling of metabolites on GC-MS showed the presence of several bioactive compounds in the ethyl acetate extract, which were identified to be nitrogen compounds such as pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, phthalates compounds (butyl isohexyl ester and 1,2 benzendicarboxilate bis (2-etilhexyl) ester), and dibutyl phthalate. Some phenolic compounds also were found, such as tris (2,4-di-ter-butilfenil) fosfat, phenol, 2,4-bis (1,1-dimethyl ethyl), and phenol 3,5-bis (1,1-dimethyl ethyl). Finally, fatty acid derivatives such as n-hexadecanoic acid, cis-vaccenic acid, 7-hexadecene, farnesol isomer A, and stigmastan-3,5-diene were also identified in several marine bacillus.

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Asparinda, Iin, and Tita Juwitaningsih. Acta Pharmaciae Indonesia : Acta Pharm Indo 8, no. 2 (December 29, 2020): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.api.2020.8.2.3487.

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Gal manjakani (Quercus Infectoria) is one of the most popular medicinal plants in Asia. This plant is found in Turkey, Syria, Persia, Cyprus, and Greece. This study aims to determine the compounds contained in the non-polar fraction and to determine the antibacterial activity and toxicity of the fraction. Gal Manjakani was extracted by maceration method with acetone then fractionated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. Non-polar fractions were analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GCMS). The antibacterial activity test used disc diffusion and microdilution methods based on the CLSI standard method against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. Toxicity test was conducted using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. The GC-MS identification results showed that the non-polar fraction of gal manjakani contained 27 compounds, with the main compounds being cis-vaccenic acid (35.19%), n-hexadecanoic acid (16.66%), 1-heptadecan carboxylic acid (5.03%), dodecanoic acid. (4.73%), bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (4.35%), hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (2.14%) and tetradecanoic acid (1.31%). The results of the antibacterial activity test showed activity with an inhibition zone of 6.26 ± 0.6 mm against S.aureus bacteria and 8.23 ± 0.21 mm against E.coli bacteria, with a percentage of effectiveness against S.aureus bacteria of 15.34% and for E. coli 44.24%. The MIC and MBC values of S.aureus bacteria were> 5000 (µg / mL) and> 5000 (µg / mL) and E. coli was 312.5 (µg / mL) and> 5000 (µg / mL). The results of the toxicity test showed that the non-polar fraction of gal Manjakani was toxic with an LC50 value of 2.1527 ppm.

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Fagbemi, Kehinde Oluwakemi, Daniel Ayandiran Aina, Morenike Olutunmbi Adeoye-Isijola, Kubendran Kista Naidoo, Roger Murugas Coopoosamy, and Olufunmiso Olusola Olajuyigbe. "Bioactive compounds, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of methanol extract of Tamarindus indica Linn." Scientific Reports 12, no. 1 (June 8, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-13716-x.

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AbstractTamarindus indica is one of the tropical medicinal plants that has been attributed curative potential of numerous diseases by many rural dwellers. This study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant, antibacterial activities and also to determine the various chemical constituents responsible for its pharmacological activities. The methanol extract of Tamarindus indica fruit pulp was analyzed by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometer to determine the volatile compounds present. The antioxidant activities were performed using DPPH and FRAP method and the antibacterial activity was tested against some common pathogens by macro broth dilution method. The GCMS analysis shows the presence of 37 compounds, out of which 14 had their peak area percentages ≥ 1% and only two compounds had no reported pharmacological activities. Most of the bioactive compounds including 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (31.06%)-3-O-Methyl-d-glucose (16.31%), 1,6-anhydro-β-D-Glucopyranose (9.95%), 5-methyl-Furancarboxaldehyde (3.2%), Triethylenediamine (1.17%), 1-(2-furanyl)-1-Propcanone (2.18%), Methyl 2-furoate (3.14%), Levoglucosenone (3.21%), methyl ester-Hepta-2,4-dienoic acid, (8.85%), 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydrox-4H-Pyran-4-one (3.4%), O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1.fwdarw.3)-β-D-fructofuranosyl-α-D-Glucopyranoside (2.18%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (1.38%), 2-Heptanol, acetate (1.29%), 5-[(5-methyl-2-fur-2-Furancarboxaldehyde (1.08%), 3-Methyl-2-furoic acid (1.05%) and cis-Vaccenic acid (2.85%)have been reported with different activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, antitubercular, anticancer, antioxidant and other prophylactic activities. The extract demonstrated inhibitory potential against all tested pathogen. However, Plesiomonas shigellosis ATCC 15903 and Bacillus pumillus ATCC 14884 are more sensitive with the MIC of 0.22 and 0.44 mg/ml respectively. The antioxidant activity was relatively low due to the low phenolic content of the extract. This shows that there is a strong correlation between antioxidant activities and phenolic content. GC–MS analysis revealed the presence of bioactive phytoconstituents with various biological activities and this justifies the rationale behind its usage as a curative therapy by many local dwellers.

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