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1

Vujovic, Nina. "Functional organization of the circadian timing system." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11271.

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The circadian timing system establishes daily rhythms in behavior and physiology throughout the body, ensuring that functions like activity, sleep and hormone release are appropriately timed. Research suggests that his temporal synchrony within the body is quite important for health and survival. In mammals, the central circadian pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) drives rhythms in behavior and physiology in large part by stimulating or inhibiting other brain regions responsible for these functions at the appropriate times of day. This timed signal is often indirect, i.e. relayed or possibly processed through a series of neurons in different brain regions before reaching the effector site. The subparaventricular zone (SPZ), a region adjacent to the SCN which is the main recipient of direct neuronal inputs from the SCN, is thought to be a critical relay for SCN signals, since loss of the SPZ results in loss of circadian rhythms in body temperature, activity and sleep/wakefulness. Another important relay site, the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) gets direct input from both the SCN and SPZ and is critical for normal expression of various circadian rhythms.
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2

Sorokina, Oxana. "Understanding biological timing by modelling simple circadian clocks." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14456.

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3

Ruby, Christina L. "Ethanol Disruption of the Mammalian Circadian Timing System." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1270053064.

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4

Emerson, Kevin James 1980. "Evolutionary and physiological genetics of biological timing." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10286.

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xii, 109 p. : ill. (some col.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.
There are two fundamental environmental rhythms that organisms in nature encounter: (1) the daily rhythm of light and dark that is due to the rotation of the earth about its axis and (2) the yearly seasonal rhythm due to the angle of the earth's rotation relative to the plane of its orbit around the sun. All eukaryotes have an endogenous circadian (daily) clock that allows for the timing of biological events within the context of the daily light:dark cycle. A wide diversity of plants and animals in temperate regions use photoperiodic (daylength) cues to time life history events, such as reproduction and diapause (insect dormancy) within the context of the yearly seasonal cycles. This dissertation focuses on the relationship between the circadian clock, photoperiodic time measurement and diapause. Chapter I serves as an introduction to biological timing and briefly summarizes the chapters that follow Chapter II outlines why Drosophila melanogaster , the workhorse of modern insect genetics, is not an appropriate system for the study of photoperiodism. Chapter III defines the Nanda-Hamner response, the circadian phenotype used in this dissertation, and proposes that the NH response is due to a rhythmic level of circadian disorganization in response to environmental cycle length. Chapters IV and V deal primarily with the long-held proposition that the circadian clock forms the causal basis of photoperiodic time measurement. I show that variation in the circadian clock does not covary with photoperiodic phenotypes among natural populations of Wyeomyia smithii , and thus these two processes are evolutionarily independent. Chapter VI describes the first forward genetic screen for candidate genes involved in photoperiodism and diapause termination in any animal. Chapter VII is a discussion of the complexity involved in studies of the genetics of photoperiodism and diapause and how historical inertia of scientific hypothesis acts to confound, rather than clarify, the relationship between genotypes and phenotypes. Chapter VIII is a concluding discussion of the implications of the work presented. This dissertation includes both previously published and co-authored material.
Committee in charge: William Cresko, Chairperson, Biology; William Bradshaw, Advisor, Biology; Patrick Phillips, Member, Biology; Eric Johnson, Member, Biology; Stephen Frost, Outside Member, Anthropology
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5

Jenkins, H. A. "Circadian and ultradian rhythms in Chlamydomonas and Euglena." Thesis, Bucks New University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233011.

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6

Christou, Skevoulla P. "Meal timing as a synchroniser of the human circadian system." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2017. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/813215/.

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In humans, little is known about the entrainment of peripheral clocks by environmental cues or the circadian transcriptome of peripheral tissues. Meal timing entrains peripheral clocks rhythms of rodents but the effect of this on the human circadian system is unknown. It was hypothesised that meal timing would phase shift peripheral clock rhythms, but not master clock markers. Also hypothesised was that the transcriptome of subcutaneous adipose tissue would be under circadian regulation. Healthy male participants underwent two, separate clinical trials; one gave a food pulse containing 50% of the daily energetic need in one meal during a 4-hour ultradian light/dark cycle; another gave three isocaloric meals at 5-hourly intervals beginning at 0.5 then 5.5 hours after wake under a fixed light/dark cycle. All circadian rhythms were assessed before and after interventions, under constant routine conditions. Master clock marker, melatonin, was not significantly phase shifted by meal timing, as hypothesised. Plasma glucose and leptin rhythms showed large phase shifts in response to meal timing. Plasma triglycerides were minimally phase shifted by food pulse, but not by a change to meal schedule. A 5-hour delay in three isocaloric meals caused approximately a 1-hour delay in clock gene expression in serial adipose biopsies (PER2, PER3) but no shift in expression in whole blood (PER3, REVERB-β). Subcutaneous adipose biopsies taken under controlled conditions revealed that 1% of the transcriptome was circadian, with bimodal distribution of morning and evening peak times. Gene ontology enrichment analysis identified evening peaking probes as primarily involved in lipid metabolism. Morning peaking probes were involved in circadian rhythms and transcriptional regulation. These results demonstrate for the first time that meal timing differentially affects some peripheral, but not central, components of the human circadian system and that key metabolic processes are under circadian variation in the human adipose tissue transcriptome.
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7

Amicarelli, Mario Joseph. "THE EFFECTS OF ORAL COCAINE ON THE CIRCADIAN TIMING SYSTEM." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1406227527.

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8

Emerson, Kevin James. "Evolutionary and physiological genetics of biological timing /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank) Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10286.

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9

Stowie, Adam Curtis. "COCAINE MODULATION OF CIRCADIAN TIMING: A PUTATIVE MECHANSIM FOR DRUG DEPENDENCE." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1427974849.

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10

Schmitt, Jaclyn L. "Understanding timing| Conservation between the circadian protein period and the C. elegans developmental timing protein lin-42." Thesis, University of California, Santa Cruz, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1551325.

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Timing of development, metabolic regulation, and longevity are crucial elements in optimizing physiological functions to, and within, our environment. The synchronization of our internal clocks to the twenty-four hour day of our environment aids in anticipatory and protective measures on the molecular level. Dysregulation of this internal clock, known as the circadian clock, has been linked to various cancers, diabetes and heart failure. Mental ailments such as alcoholism and bipolarism can be magnified through dysregulation of our circadian rhythms. The output of circadian time keeping is still being explored, including the link to longevity. To further our understanding of clock functions through molecular structure, comparisons between biological time keeping methods are vital. On the molecular level of the circadian clock, one of the core negative feedback loop proteins is PERIOD. The complex timing of PERIOD transcription and protein accumulation directly contributes to setting the circadian clock. Within PERIOD protein, the functions of the homo- and heterodimerizing PERIOD-ARNT-SIM (PAS) domain to facilitate nuclear localization, and possibly many of the PERIOD output functions, are still being understood. Another protein that contains this canonical PAS domain is the nematode C. elegans development timing protein LIN-42. Although C. elegans are not known to have circadian rhythms, LIN-42 shares many motif and functional similarities to PERIOD. The development of C. elegans larva is repressively regulated, or gated, by LIN-42. Additionally, LIN-42 regulates entry into quiescent states during larval devolvement when environmental conditions are stressful. Considering the functions of LIN-42 within development of specialized stem cells, known as seam cells, and the recent discovery of the functions of PERIOD within the development of our own stem cells; a molecular comparison of LIN-42 and PERIOD will facilitate our understanding of the associated output functions of these proteins. Specifically the N-terminal regions of PER and LIN-42 share well-folded structural domains, and are the focus of this thesis. The forms of PERIOD and LIN-42 that share the most sequence and functional homology are PER2 and LIN-42b. Direct comparison of the similarities and differences between these two proteins on the molecular level will shed light on biological time keeping.

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11

Gon?alves, Bruno da Silva Brand?o. "Estudo da organiza??o funcional do sistema circadiano por meio de ferramentas computacionais e matem?ticas." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17232.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:36:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BrunoSBG_DISSERT.pdf: 3965357 bytes, checksum: 7e3aabdd040d50db3f4557799b032b1d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-03
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
Circadian rhythms are variations in physiological processes that help living beings to adapt to environmental cycles. These rhythms are generated and are synchronized to the dark light cycle through the suprachiasmatic nucleus. The integrity of circadian rhythmicity has great implication on human health. Currently it is known that disturbances in circadian rhythms are related to some problems of today such as obesity, propensity for certain types of cancer and mental disorders for example. The circadian rhythmicity can be studied through experiments with animal models and in humans directly. In this work we use computational models to gather experimental results from the literature and explain the results of our laboratory. Another focus of this study was to analyze data rhythms of activity and rest obtained experimentally. Here we made a review on the use of variables used to analyze these data and finally propose an update on how to calculate these variables. Our models were able to reproduce the main experimental results in the literature and provided explanations for the results of experiments performed in our laboratory. The new variables used to analyze the rhythm of activity and rest in humans were more efficient to describe the fragmentation and synchronization of this rhythm. Therefore, the work contributed improving existing tools for the study of circadian rhythms in mammals
Os ritmos circadianos s?o varia??es em processos fisiol?gicos que auxiliam os seres vivos na adapta??o aos ciclos ambientais. Esses ritmos s?o gerados e se sincronizam ao ciclo claro escuro por meio do n?cleo supraquiasm?tico. A integridade da ritmicidade circadiana tem grande implica??o na sa?de dos seres humanos. Atualmente sabe-se que dist?rbios nos ritmos circadianos est?o relacionados com alguns problemas da atualidade como a obesidade, propens?o a determinados tipos de c?ncer e transtornos mentais por exemplo. A ritmicidade circadiana pode ser estudada por meio de experimentos com modelos animais e diretamente nos seres humanos. Nesse trabalho utilizamos modelos computacionais para reunir resultados experimentais da literatura e explicar resultados de nosso laborat?rio. Outro foco desse trabalho foi na an?lise de dados de ritmos de atividade e repouso obtidos experimentalmente. Aqui fizemos uma revis?o sobre o uso de vari?veis utilizadas para analisar esses dados e por ?ltimo propomos uma atualiza??o na forma de calcular essas vari?veis. Os nossos modelos foram capazes de reproduzir os principais resultados experimentais da literatura e nos forneceram explica??es para resultados de experimentos realizados em nosso laborat?rio. As novas vari?veis utilizadas para analisar o ritmo de atividade e repouso em humanos se mostraram mais eficiente para descrever a fragmenta??o e sincroniza??o desse ritmo. Assim esse trabalho contribuiu aperfei?oando as ferramentas existentes para o estudo da ritmicidade circadiana nos mam?feros
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12

Hammer, Steven Berlin. "Interactions between Exercise, Aging and Ethanol and the Mammalian Circadian Timing System." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1247872024.

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13

Sarma, Ashapurna. "Circadian Timing of Curcumin Efficacy and Nuclear Transport Properties of Cancer Cells." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1447971823.

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14

Fifel, Karim. "Alterations of the circadian timing system in rodent and non human primate models of Parkinson’s disease." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10031/document.

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Depuis sa première description par James Parkinson dans son essai sur la paralysie agitante, la maladie de Parkinson (PD) a été reconnue comme une maladie du système moteur identifié par une tétrade de symptômes, à savoir : akinésie, rigidité musculaire, tremblement au repos et instabilité posturale. Ces symptômes sont liés à la perte de la dopamine (DA) dans le striatum après la dégénérescence neuronale dans la substance noire (SN). Il est de plus en plus reconnu que les symptômes non moteurs et peut-être non dopaminergiques inévitablement émergent et s'aggravent au cours de la progression de la maladie. Les perturbations du sommeil sont parmi les principaux symptômes non moteurs et ont été reconnus comme marqueurs précliniques de la maladie. Les modèles de régulation du sommeil ont insisté sur deux processus distincts : un mécanisme de contrôle du sommeil, ou homéostat sommeil, et un oscillateur circadien. L'oscillateur circadien, basé dans le noyau suprachiasmatique (NSC) est responsable de la tendance à dormir pendant certaines phases du cycle de 24 heures et la consolidation du sommeil et de réveil en épisodes distincts. L'homéostat sommeil est chargé de surveiller et de réagir à la nécessité pour le sommeil, provoquant l'envie de dormir à dépendre sur les montants avant du sommeil ou de l'éveil. Alors que les perturbations dans les circuits et les processus homéostatiques impliqués dans la régulation du sommeil-éveil comportement sont documenté dans la maladie de Parkinson, l'implication potentielle des altérations du système circadien n'ont pas été étudiés en détail. Le but de ma thèse est d'étudier les modifications dans le système circadien en utilisant deux modèles animaux de PD : la souris et le primate non-humain
Since the first description by James Parkinson in his essay on the shaking palsy, Parkinson’s disease (PD) was recognized as a motor disease identified by a tetrad of symptoms, namely; akinesia, muscular rigidity, resting tremor and postural instability. These symptoms are known to be related to loss of dopamine (DA) in the striatum following neural degeneration in the substantia nigra (SN). It is increasingly recognized that non-motor and perhaps non-dopaminergic related symptoms inevitably emerge and worsen during disease progression. Sleep disruption is one of the major non-motor symptoms and has been suggested as a preclinical marker of the disease. Models of sleep regulation have emphasized two distinct processes: a sleep-control mechanism, or sleep homeostat, and a circadian oscillator. The circadian oscillator, based in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), is responsible for the tendency to sleep during certain phases of the 24-hour cycle and the consolidation of sleep and wake into distinct episodes. The sleep homeostat is responsible for monitoring and reacting to the need for sleep, causing the urge to sleep to depend on prior amounts of sleep or wakefulness. While disruptions in the circuitry and the homeostatic processes involved in the regulation of sleep-wake behaviour is will documented in PD, the potential involvement of alterations of the circadian system have not been studied in detail. The aim of my thesis is to investigate alterations in the circadian timing system using two animal models of PD: the mouse and the non-human primate. Taken together, the studies show that disturbances of circadian functions occur after MPTP treatment in the non-human primate but not in the mouse model of PD. These results emphasize the limitations of the MPTP-treated mouse model of PD for the study of non-motor symptoms, and reinforce previous studies that question the adequacy of this model to replicate cardinal motor features of the disease. In contrast, results in the non-human primate model stress the importance of dopaminergic degeneration in the circadian organisation of behavioral sleep wake cycle in PD
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15

Guinn, Jessie Jr. "Assessment of the Integrative Roles of the Intergeniculate Leaflet in Circadian Timing and Reward Pathways." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1320094118.

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16

Herwig, Annika. "Torpor and timing impact of endogenously controlled hypothermia on the circadian system of two hamster species /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=985254033.

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17

Schweizer, Justine. "Investigation of the Decision-Making and Time-Keeping Abilities of SIFamide Signalling in Drosophila Melanogaster." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36849.

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Drosophila melanogaster is an invaluable model organism for the study of basic neuroscience. Using two previously characterized mating behaviours (Longer- and Shorter-Mating Duration), this research aims to further our knowledge of the neural circuit involved in each, and shed light on the mechanism by which four SIFamide producing neurons are involved in both. We also seek to investigate the involvement of core circadian clock genes in interval timing mechanisms. To do so, we investigated the populations of SIFamide receptor expressing neurons necessary for each behaviour and studied the contribution of circadian clock genes within the SIFamide signalling pathway. Our main experimental approach consisted of population specific knock-downs of the SIFamide receptor, the impact of which was assessed using a simple behavioural assay. This approach was complemented by rescue experiments and feminization of neurons. Finally, our investigation of the circadian clock was mediated by circadian gene knock-downs in SIFamide expressing neurons. Our results show that SIFamide signalling for each mating behaviour is mediated by segregated signalling to different, non male-specific SIFamide receptor expressing neuronal populations. We further demonstrate that SIFamide expressing neurons are not involved in the interval timing mechanism of these mating behaviours via core circadian gene contribution. This work presents preliminary results towards the investigation of a novel model of decision-making via neuronal signalling.
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18

Smith, Patrick M. "Bipolar Spectrum Traits in Day-to-Day Life: Ecological Momentary Assessment of Reward Sensitivity, Circadian Timing, and Experience of Reward in the Environment." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1538648/.

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The current study examined 236 undergraduate students in a week long twice-per-day ecological momentary assessment exploring the influence of baseline reward sensitivity and interactions between circadian variables (i.e., total sleep time, sleep quality) and daily measures of reward. Though primary study findings did not support reward sensitivity related moderation of sleep-reward pathways, a number of notable findings emerged. We found evidence of specific domains of reward sensitivity (anticipatory reward and reward responsiveness) which are uniquely related to daily experiences of reward. In addition, bidirectional circadian-reward pathways were found between sleep quality and daily rewards which suggests pathways towards reward-related engagement. Evidence also supported interactions between sleep quality and total sleep time on experience of daily reward, further highlighting the complexity of sleep-reward pathways and their relevance to mood symptoms.
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19

Cortès, Llorca Lucas [Verfasser], Günter [Gutachter] Theißen, Ian T. [Gutachter] Baldwin, and Maria [Gutachter] Eriksson. "The circadian timing system in Nicotiana attenuata : a functional connection between the circadian clock and hormone signaling in plant-insect interactions / Lucas Cortès Llorca ; Gutachter: Günter Theißen, Ian T. Baldwin, Maria Eriksson." Jena : Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 2021. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:27-dbt-20210917-141158-003.

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20

Zerón, Rugerio Maria Fernanda. "Living against the biological clock: The role of sleep, meal timing and circadian patterns in adiposity and dietary intake in young adults." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671452.

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Our daily lives are controlled by three clocks: the sun clock, the biological clock, and the social clock (local time). The sun clock gives our daily life a 24h periodicity (mainly through light- dark cycles), while the biological clock (a popular name for the circadian system) orchestrates physiology and behavior based on the sun clock. In this regard, the biological clock prepares the body to eat, stay awake and physically active during the day (sunlight), while it prepares the body to sleep and fast at night (darkness). Therefore, the synchrony between clocks is essential for health. However, with the introduction of electric lighting, humans can select their light-dark cycles and usually prolong wakefulness far into the night. This allows people to eat, stay awake, or even work when they would normally be sleeping, altering the synchrony between the biological clock and the sun clock (also known as circadian misalignment). Interestingly, as people have begun to live against the biological clock, the prevalence of obesity has increased worldwide, suggesting that circadian misalignment can also play a role in obesity. As such, the evidence has made it clear that sleep and meal timing are determinants of body weight and dietary intake. Furthermore, recent studies are beginning to reveal that the synchrony between sleep and meal timing could be even more relevant and influential in obesity and dietary intake. Therefore, in this Thesis we aimed to study the influence of sleep and meal timing on body weight and adherence to healthy dietary patterns in young adults. Additionally, we investigated whether the alterations of the circadian pattern of temperature and energy intake were associated with body weight and adiposity in young adults. It is worth noting that young adults are very likely to suffer from circadian misalignment, and in addition, the transition between adolescence and adulthood has been identified as a period of increased risk for development of overweight, sedentary lifestyle and poor diet quality. Therefore, studying this population is of special interest since the findings contribute to future recommendations for the prevention of obesity in young adults, which certainly also apply to the general population. Overall, our results suggested that in young adults i) discrepancy in sleep and/or meal timing on weekends vs. weekdays, ii) misalignment between sleep and meal timing, iii) poor sleep quality, as well as iv) alterations in the circadian pattern of temperature and v) low fragmentation of the circadian pattern of energy intake were determinant factors in obesity and unhealthy dietary intake. According to our findings, maintaining regular sleep and meal schedules during the week, and matching sleep timing behavior with dinner timing could contribute to align behavior with circadian physiology. This, in the long run, could have a beneficial impact on weight and adiposity, which is especially important for young people who are susceptible to have a late chronotype and thus, are more prone to suffer from circadian misalignment. However, these results could also be useful among other collectives, such as teenagers, adults with a greater tendency of obesity or those who live in countries where late-dinner is common.
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21

Bartlang, Manuela [Verfasser], and Charlotte [Gutachter] Förster. "Timing is everything: The interaction of psychosocial stress and the circadian clock in male C57BL/6 mice / Manuela Bartlang ; Gutachter: Charlotte Förster." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1122020775/34.

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22

Malik, Astha. "Circadian Clocks in Neural Stem Cells and their Modulation of Adult Neurogenesis, Fate Commitment, and Cell Death." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1434986257.

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23

Karlgren, Anna, Niclas Gyllenstrand, Thomas Källman, and Ulf Lagercrantz. "Conserved function of core clock proteins in the gymnosperm Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst)." Uppsala universitet, Växtekologi och evolution, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-192151.

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From studies of the circadian clock in the plant model species Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), a number of important properties and components have emerged. These include the genes CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1 (CCA1), GIGANTEA (GI), ZEITLUPE (ZTL) and TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1 (TOC1 also known as PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR 1 (PRR1)) that via gene expression feedback loops participate in the circadian clock. Here, we present results from ectopic expression of four Norway spruce (Picea abies) putative homologs (PaCCA1, PaGI, PaZTL and PaPRR1) in Arabidopsis, their flowering time, circadian period length, red light response phenotypes and their effect on endogenous clock genes were assessed. For PaCCA1-ox and PaZTL-ox the results were consistent with Arabidopsis lines overexpressing the corresponding Arabidopsis genes. For PaGI consistent results were obtained when expressed in the gi2 mutant, while PaGI and PaPRR1 expressed in wild type did not display the expected phenotypes. These results suggest that protein function of PaCCA1, PaGI and PaZTL are at least partlyconserved compared to Arabidopsis homologs, however further studies are needed to reveal the protein function of PaPRR1. Our data suggest that components of thethree-loop network typical of the circadian clock in angiosperms were present beforethe split of gymnosperms and angiosperms.
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24

Yon, Torres Felipe Carlos [Verfasser], Ian T. [Akademischer Betreuer] Baldwin, Maria [Akademischer Betreuer] Mittag, and Mark van [Akademischer Betreuer] Kleunen. "Timing for outcrossing : circadian clock regulates floral rhythms with large fitness consequences / Felipe Carlos Yon Torres. Gutachter: Ian Thomas Baldwin ; Maria Mittag ; Mark van Kleunen." Jena : Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Jena, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1050977467/34.

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25

Rhoden, Chad Allen. "Circadian variation and the benefits of exercise on arterial blood pressure : should timing of exercise be considered when prescribing exercise for prevention or treatment of hypertension? /." Full text available from ProQuest UM Digital Dissertations, 2007. http://0-proquest.umi.com.umiss.lib.olemiss.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=1409506111&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1221060403&clientId=22256.

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26

Hassan, Soha Abdelaliem Hassan [Verfasser], Gall Charlotte [Gutachter] von, and Horst-Werner [Gutachter] Korf. "Is timing essential in cancer chronotherapy? Circadian molecular and behavioral studies on radiotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma in mice / Soha Abdelaliem Hassan Hassan ; Gutachter: Charlotte von Gall, Horst-Werner Korf." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1229191674/34.

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27

Frazão, Renata. "Análise citoarquitetônica e imunoistoquímica de estruturas do sistema visual de macacos-prego (Cebus apella)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42131/tde-08092008-105313/.

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O estudo do sistema visual de macacos-prego representa importante questão devido ao aspecto evolutivo que a espécie apresenta. Foram utilizados cinco macacos-prego, 2 kg. Foi efetuda injeção intra-ocular de 100 ml de solução aquosa de toxina colérica subunidade B (CTb) a 1%, sendo a perfusão realizada 15 dias após a injeção intra-ocular. As retinas intactas e os encéfalos foram submetidos à procedimento de imunoistoquímica para análise. A caracterização da retina evidenciou dois tipos distintos de células bipolares, além disto, subunidades de receptores gabaérgicos co-localizam em retinas de macacos-prego, diferente dos resultados apresentados em outras espécies. As projeções retinianas foram observadas em todas as estruturas do sistema visual primário, óptico acéssório e de temporização circadiana, além de projeções para áreas adicionais. Os resultados evidenciam diferenças interespecíficas sugerindo que a extrapolação dos resultados adquiridos em diferentes espécies devam ser extrapolados com cautela.
The diurnal habits and its complex SNC, make the tufted capuchin monkey an important subject for the study of the visual system. In the present study, five tufted capuchins received a single intraocular neuronal tracer subunit B of cholera toxin (CTb) injection and perfused 15 days later. The retina and brain were removed from the animals and processed with immunohistochemical techniques. The CTb analysis showed that the retina send projections to several structures, such as primary visual, optical accessory and circadian control systems. The immunohistochemical characterization also showed two different types of bipolar cells in the retina. These cells, differently from other species, were co-localized with gabaergic receptors. Overall our results showed several interspecies differences suggesting that comparison of the visual system between species must be undertaken with great caution.
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28

Husse, Jana [Verfasser], Gregor [Akademischer Betreuer] Eichele, and Erik [Akademischer Betreuer] Maronde. "Genetic disruption of the master pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus sheds light on the hierarchical organization of the mammalian circadian timing system / Jana Husse. Gutachter: Gregor Eichele ; Erik Maronde. Betreuer: Gregor Eichele." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1044045795/34.

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29

Weidenauer, Corina [Verfasser], and Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] Randler. "Circadian Preference and Amplitude - “Under Consideration of Physiological Markers, Activity and Sleep/Wake Timing as well as References to Attention, Mood and Motivation in Everyday School Life” / Corina Weidenauer ; Akademischer Betreuer: Christoph Randler." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1203726201/34.

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30

Teasdale, Michael. "The timing of benthic copepod emergence--a laboratory flume study." 2003. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-08102004-142637.

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Анотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2003.
Advisor: Dr. David Thistle, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Oceanography. Title and description from dissertation home page (Aug. 27, 2004). Includes bibliographical references.
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31

Qu, Xiaoyu. "Timing Matters: The Role of Circadian Clock Genes In Development and Toxin Responses." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2886.

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Most members of the PAS (PER-ARNT-SIM) protein family are transcription factors, mediating development and adaptive responses to the environment, such as circadian rhythms and toxin responses. Because the PAS domain mediates protein-protein interactions and functional cross-talk between distinct biological processes, we hypothesized that PAS genes in the circadian clockworks, namely Per1 and Per2, may be involved in development and toxin responses, which are modulated by other PAS members. To explore the possible role of clock genes in development, we examined mammary epithelial cells in vitro and the mouse mammary gland in vivo for evidences of changes in clock gene expression during different stages of development and differentiation. Our results showed that Per1 and Bmal1 expression were up-regulated in differentiated HC-11 cells, whereas Per2 mRNA levels were higher in undifferentiated cells. A similar differentiation-dependent profile of clock gene expression was observed in mouse mammary glands; Per1 and Bmal1 mRNA levels were elevated in late pregnant and lactating mammary tissues, whereas Per2 expression was higher in proliferating virgin and early pregnant glands. These data suggest that circadian clock genes may play a role in mouse mammary gland development. To examine clock gene function in toxin responses, we evaluated whether disruption or inhibition of Per1 and/or Per2 alters toxin-induced activity of the AhR signaling pathway in the mouse mammary gland and liver. We assessed the activation of the AhR signaling pathway in response to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a prototypical AhR agonist, by analyzing the mRNA abundance of its two target genes, cytochrome P450, subfamily I, polypeptide 1 (Cyp1A1) and Cyp1B1. Our results showed that the targeted disruption of Per1, but not Per2, significantly increases the TCDD-induced p450 expression in the mammary gland and liver in vivo. Similar changes in TCDD-mediated p450 expression were observed in vitro using mammary primary cultures of mammary cells derived from from Per1ldc, Per2ldc and Per1ldc/Per2ldc mutant mice and Hepa1c1c7 cells subjected to siRNA-mediated inhibition of Per1 or Per2. These discoveries suggest that the clock gene Per1 may modulate toxin responses perhaps by functioning as a negative regulator for TCDD-mediated activation of the AhR signaling pathway.
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32

Bartlang, Manuela Slavica. "Timing is everything: The interaction of psychosocial stress and the circadian clock in male C57BL/6 mice." Doctoral thesis, 2014. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-106486.

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Due to the rotation of the earth in the solar system all inhabitants of our planet are exposed to regular environmental changes since more than 3.5 billion years. In order to anticipate these predictable changes in the environment, evolutionarily conserved biological rhythms have evolved in most organisms – ranging from ancient cyanobacteria up to human beings – and also at different levels of organization – from single cells up to behavior. These rhythms are endogenously generated by so called circadian clocks in our body and entrained to the 24 h cycle by external timing cues. In multi-cellular organisms the majority of the cells in the body is equipped with such an oscillator. In mammals, the circadian system is structured in a hierarchical fashion: A central pacemaker resides in the bilateral suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, while subsidiary peripheral clocks exist in nearly every tissue and organ. In contrast to the aforementioned recurrent environmental changes most organisms are also exposed to unpredictable changes in the environment. In order to adapt to these sudden alterations the acute activation of the stress response system, involving the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system, displays a fundamental survival mechanism. However, if activation of the stress system becomes chronic, devastating somatic and affective disorders might be the consequence. At first glance, the circadian and the stress system seem to represent two separate bodily control systems that are involved in adaptation to predictable and unpredictable stimuli, respectively. However, both systems are fundamental for survival, and thus, communicate with each other at various levels. Early studies already demonstrated that stressor exposure at different times of the diurnal cycle generates different stress effects, whereupon the type of stressor plays a pivotal role. Moreover, alterations in the SCN and peripheral circadian clocks could be shown following stressor exposure. In cooperation with various co-workers, I investigated whether the stress responsiveness is modulated by the endogenous clock in a diurnal fashion and whether repeated psychosocial stress impacts the circadian clock depending on the time of day of stressor exposure. Therefore, male C57BL/6 mice were repeatedly exposed to a psychosocial stressor, either at the beginning of the inactive/light phase (SDL mice) or active/dark phase (SDD mice). Subsequently, different behavioral, physiological/endocrine and immunological/ inflammatory consequences were assessed. It could be shown that the effects of repeated psychosocial stressor exposure strongly depend on the time of day of stressor exposure. The present results demonstrate that repeated daily stressor exposure has a more negative outcome when applied during the active/dark phase compared to the inactive/light phase. Stressor exposure during the active phase resulted in a loss of general activity, decreased interest in an unfamiliar conspecific, a shift towards a more pro-inflammatory body milieu, and rhythm disturbances in plasma hormones, all representing well-accepted hallmarks of depression. In contrast, C57BL/6 mice exposed to the stressor in their inactive phase exhibited minor physiological alterations that might prevent the formation of the maladaptive consequences mentioned above, thus representing beneficial adaptations. The second focus of this thesis was put on the investigation of the effects of repeated psychosocial stressor exposure at different times of the light-dark cycle on various levels of the circadian system. An increased expression of the PERIOD2 (PER2) protein, which represents an essential core clock component, could be found in the SCN of mice repeatedly exposed to the stressor during their active phase. In consistence with the alterations in the central circadian pacemaker, the daily rhythm of different hormones and the activity rhythm were considerably affected by SDD. Mice exposed to the psychosocial stressor in their active phase showed a shifted, or absent, rhythm of the hormones corticosterone and leptin. Moreover, their activity was found to be phase-delayed, which seems to be attributable to the Period (Per) gene since Per1/Per2 double-mutants still exhibited their normal activity rhythm following 19 days of stressor exposure during the active phase. In contrast, a phase-advance in the peripheral adrenal gland clock could be seen in C57BL/6 mice subjected to the stressor during their inactive phase. This phase-shift might be required for maintaining the normal rhythmicity in hormonal release and activity. It has previously been suggested that activation of the HPA axis upon stressor exposure at different times of the light-dark cycle is depending on whether the stressor is of physical or psychological nature. Data from the HPA axis analysis now refine previous findings, indicating that psychosocial stressors also modulate HPA axis responses based on the time of day of stressor presentation. The present results demonstrate that HPA axis activity was reduced following repeated stressor exposure during the active phase. It is reasonable to speculate that this reduced basal activity of the stress system represents a failure in HPA axis adjustment, which could contribute to the negative consequences of repeated psychosocial stressor exposure during the dark phase. Taken together, it can be concluded that the endogenous clock in mice modulates the stress responsiveness in a circadian fashion and that repeated psychosocial stressor exposure affects the biological clock depending on the time of day of stressor presentation. Thereby, stressor exposure during the active phase results in a more negative outcome as compared to stressor experience during the inactive phase. It is assumed that the interaction between the circadian clock and the stress system is a complex issue that might ensure that the endogenous clock does not get out of synchrony in any order
Aufgrund der Bewegung der Erde in unserem Sonnensystem sind alle Lebewesen auf unserem Planeten seit mehr als 3,5 Milliarden Jahren tagesperiodischen Veränderungen der Umweltbedingungen ausgesetzt. In Anpassung an diese zeitlichen Abläufe haben sich im Laufe der Evolution bei fast allen Organismen – vom Bakterium bis hin zum Menschen – und auf verschiedenen Ebenen – von der Zellebene bis zum Verhalten – biologische Rhythmen entwickelt, die von endogenen Uhren im Körper und äußeren Zeitgebern gesteuert werden. Bei vielzelligen Organismen besitzen nahezu alle Zelltypen ihren eigenen Oszillator. In Säugetieren ist das zirkadiane System hierarchisch strukturiert. Der zentrale Schrittmacher der inneren Uhr befindet sich im bilateralen suprachiasmatischen Nukleus (SCN) des Hypothalamus, während untergeordnete periphere Taktgeber in beinahe jedem Gewebe und Organ oszillieren. Im Gegensatz zu den oben erwähnten regelmäßig wiederkehrenden Veränderungen der Umweltbedingungen sind die meisten Lebewesen ebenso unvorhersehbaren und raschen Umweltveränderungen ausgesetzt. In Anpassung an derartig plötzlich wechselnde Reizbedingungen ist die kurzfristige Aktivierung des Stress-Systems, bestehend aus der Hypothalamus-Hypophysen-Nebennieren-Achse (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, HPA axis) und dem sympathischen Nervensystem, für eine adaptive Reaktion essentiell und sogar lebensnotwendig. Im Gegensatz dazu zählt eine andauernde/chronische Aktivierung des Stress-Systems zu den Risikofaktoren für eine Reihe von somatischen und affektiven Erkrankungen. Obwohl das zirkadiane System und das Stress-System auf den ersten Blick zwei verschiedene körperliche Anpassungssysteme darstellen, kommt es auf mehreren Ebenen zum wechselseitigen Einfluss. Es wurde bereits in früheren Arbeiten gezeigt, dass eine Stressorexposition zu unterschiedlichen Tageszeiten verschiedene Effekte hervorruft, wobei die Natur des Stressors dabei eine entscheidende Rolle spielt. Des Weiteren konnten Veränderungen im SCN und peripheren zirkadianen Uhren als Folge einer Stressorexposition aufgezeigt werden. In Zusammenarbeit mit verschiedenen Kollegen wurde im Rahmen dieser Doktorarbeit untersucht, ob die endogene Uhr die Stressempfindlichkeit tageszeitabhängig moduliert und ob wiederholter psychosozialer Stress die innere Uhr in Abhängigkeit von der Tageszeit der Stressorexposition beeinflusst. Männliche C57BL/6 Mäuse wurden daher entweder zu Beginn der inaktiven/Licht-Phase (SDL Mäuse) oder der aktiven/Dunkel-Phase (SDD Mäuse) wiederholt einem psycho-sozialem Stressor ausgesetzt. Im Anschluss wurden verschiedene Verhaltensweisen sowie physio¬logische/endo-krine und immunologische/inflammatorische Konsequenzen untersucht. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Effekte wiederholter Stressorexposition auf das Verhalten, die Physiologie und die Immunologie deutlich von der Tageszeit der Stressorexposition abhängt. Die gewonnenen Ergebnisse zeigen, dass wiederholte Stressor¬exposition während der aktiven/Dunkel-Phase negativere Konsequenzen nach sich zieht als die Stressorexposition während der inaktiven/Licht-Phase. Wurden C57BL/6 Mäuse dem psychosozialen Stressor während ihrer aktiven Phase ausgesetzt, führte dies zu typischen Symptomen von depressiven Patienten wie z.B. einer Verringerung der Aktivität und des sozialen Erkundungsverhaltens, Entzündungserscheinungen, sowie Veränderungen in hormonalen Rhythmen im Plasma. Im Gegensatz dazu wiesen C57BL/6 Mäuse, die dem Stressor in ihrer inaktiven Phase begegneten, geringfügige physiologische Veränderungen auf, welche die Entstehung der oben genannten negativen Konsequenzen verhindern und somit positive Adaptationen darstellen könnten. Des Weiteren wurden in dieser Arbeit die Effekte wiederholter Stressorexposition zu unterschiedlichen Tageszeiten auf verschiedene Ebenen des zirkadianen Systems untersucht. Es konnte eine erhöhte Expression des PERIOD2 (PER2) Proteins, das einen essentiellen Bestandteil des zirkadianen Uhrenmechanismus darstellt, im SCN nach wiederholter Stressorexposition während der aktiven Phase festgestellt werden. Die Veränderung im zentralen Schrittmacher spiegelte sich auch in der Tagesrhythmik verschiedener Hormone sowie im rhythmischen Verhalten der Tiere wider. SDD Mäuse zeigten dabei einen verschobenen oder fehlenden Rhythmus in den Hormonen Corticosteron und Leptin. Des Weiteren war die Aktivität nach 19-tägiger Stressorexposition zu Beginn der aktiven Phase deutlich nach hinten verschoben. Dabei kommt dem Period (Per) Gen eine zentrale Bedeutung zu, da SDD Per1/Per2 Doppelmutanten keinen veränderten Aktivitätsrhythmus aufwiesen. Eine verfrühte Phasenlage der peripheren Uhr in der Nebenniere zeigte sich hingegen in C57BL/6 Mäusen, die dem Stressor während ihrer inaktiven Tageszeit ausgesetzt wurden. Diese Phasenverschiebung nach vorne könnte für die Aufrechterhaltung der Rhythmik im Verhalten und in der Hormonausschüttung eine Rolle spielen. Vorangehende Arbeiten wiesen bereits darauf hin, dass die HPA-Achsen-Aktivierung infolge einer Stressorexposition zu unterschiedlichen Tageszeiten davon abhängt, ob der Stressor von physischer oder psychologischer Natur ist. Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Arbeit erweitern die bestehenden Erkenntnisse insofern, als dass die HPA-Achsen-Antwort auch von psychosozialen Stressoren tageszeitabhängig beeinflusst wird. Die HPA-Achsen-Analyse dieser Arbeit zeigte eine verringerte Aktivität der Stressachse nach wiederholter Stressorexposition zu Beginn der aktiven Phase. Mit großer Wahrscheinlichkeit stellt diese Verringerung der basalen HPA-Achsen-Aktivität eine dysfunktionale Überadjustierung dar, die zu den negativen Konsequenzen in Folge der Stressorexposition während der aktiven Phase beitragen könnte. Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass die endogene Uhr in Mäusen die Stressempfindlichkeit tageszeitabhängig moduliert und dass wiederholter psychosozialer Stress die innere Uhr in Abhängigkeit von der Tageszeit der Stressorexposition beeinflusst. Dabei zieht die Stressorexposition während der aktiven Phase weitaus negativere Konsequenzen nach sich als die Stressor¬exposition in der inaktiven Phase. Aus den Daten kann geschlossen werden, dass die Wechselwirkung von der inneren Uhr und dem Stress-System einen komplexen Sachverhalt darstellt, der gewährleisten soll, dass die innere Uhr nicht beliebig aus dem Takt geraten kann
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33

Husse, Jana. "Genetic disruption of the master pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus sheds light on the hierarchical organization of the mammalian circadian timing system." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-000D-F1DF-F.

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34

Herwig, Annika [Verfasser]. "Torpor and timing : impact of endogenously controlled hypothermia on the circadian system of two hamster species / by Annika Herwig." 2007. http://d-nb.info/985254033/34.

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35

Raimundo, Diogo Matos Canha. "Cronoterapia e ritmos circadianos: timing is important in medication administration." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/46020.

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Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2013
A Cronoterapia, um conceito emergente no campo da Farmacoterapia, remete para a alteração dos horários de administração dos fármacos, com o intuito de otimizar o tratamento e minimizar os eventuais efeitos secundários deste. Neste trabalho, será feita uma primeira abordagem a conceitos como Cronoterapia, Cronofarmacologia, Cronofarmacocinética, Cronofarmacodinamia e ainda ao Ritmo Circadiano e aos genes associados à Cronobiologia. Serão também apresentados alguns grupos de fármacos em que tem sido estudada a Cronoterapia, como anti-hipertensores, estatinas e antineoplásicos. O uso da Cronoterapia na utilização de fármacos tem vindo a ser cada vez mais estudado, apresentando ainda uma elevada margem de progressão. Contudo, estudos futuros deverão explorar também mais diferenças relacionas com o genoma, o género e a idade dos indivíduos, assim como outras variáveis intra e inter-individuais.
Chronotherapy, an emerging concept in the Pharmacotherapy area, refers to the modification of drugs administration time, aiming for the therapeutic optimization and the minimization of its side effects. In this work, it will be explained some of the concepts associated with Chronotherapy, like Chronopharmacology, Chronopharmacokinetics, Chronopharmacodynamics, the Circadian Rhythms and its associated genes. It will be presented some drug groups in which Chronotherapy has been investigated, like anti-hypertension drugs, statins and cytotoxic drugs. The usage of Chronotherapy has been increasingly studied, however it still has a great progression margin. Future studies should explore more the differences related to the genome, gender and age of individuals, as well as other intra and inter-individual variables.
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