Готові списки джерел за темами / Circadian timing

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Circadian timing"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Circadian timing"

Philippe, Jacques, and Charna Dibner. "Thyroid Circadian Timing." Journal of Biological Rhythms 30, no. 2 (November 19, 2014): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748730414557634.

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Petersen, Christian C., and Ralph E. Mistlberger. "Interval Timing Is Preserved Despite Circadian Desynchrony in Rats: Constant Light and Heavy Water Studies." Journal of Biological Rhythms 32, no. 4 (June 26, 2017): 295–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748730417716231.

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The mechanisms that enable mammals to time events that recur at 24-h intervals (circadian timing) and at arbitrary intervals in the seconds-to-minutes range (interval timing) are thought to be distinct at the computational and neurobiological levels. Recent evidence that disruption of circadian rhythmicity by constant light (LL) abolishes interval timing in mice challenges this assumption and suggests a critical role for circadian clocks in short interval timing. We sought to confirm and extend this finding by examining interval timing in rats in which circadian rhythmicity was disrupted by long-term exposure to LL or by chronic intake of 25% D2O. Adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats were housed in a light-dark (LD) cycle or in LL until free-running circadian rhythmicity was markedly disrupted or abolished. The rats were then trained and tested on 15- and 30-sec peak-interval procedures, with water restriction used to motivate task performance. Interval timing was found to be unimpaired in LL rats, but a weak circadian activity rhythm was apparently rescued by the training procedure, possibly due to binge feeding that occurred during the 15-min water access period that followed training each day. A second group of rats in LL were therefore restricted to 6 daily meals scheduled at 4-h intervals. Despite a complete absence of circadian rhythmicity in this group, interval timing was again unaffected. To eliminate all possible temporal cues, we tested a third group of rats in LL by using a pseudo-randomized schedule. Again, interval timing remained accurate. Finally, rats tested in LD received 25% D2O in place of drinking water. This markedly lengthened the circadian period and caused a failure of LD entrainment but did not disrupt interval timing. These results indicate that interval timing in rats is resistant to disruption by manipulations of circadian timekeeping previously shown to impair interval timing in mice.

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Kessler, Katharina, and Olga Pivovarova-Ramich. "Meal Timing, Aging, and Metabolic Health." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 8 (April 18, 2019): 1911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20081911.

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A growing body of evidence suggests that meal timing is an important factor for metabolic regulation and that the circadian clock tightly interacts with metabolic functions. The proper functioning of the circadian clock is critical for maintaining metabolic health. Therefore, chrononutrition, a novel discipline which investigates the relation between circadian rhythms, nutrition, and metabolism, has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Circadian rhythms are strongly affected by obesity, type 2 diabetes, and other dietary-induced metabolic diseases. With increasing age, the circadian system also undergoes significant changes which contribute to the dysregulation of metabolic rhythms. Metabolic diseases are a major health concern, particularly in light of a growing aging population, and effective approaches for their prevention and treatment are urgently needed. Recently, animal studies have impressively shown beneficial effects of several dietary patterns (e.g., caloric restriction or time-restricted feeding) on circadian rhythms and metabolic outcomes upon nutritional challenges. Whether these dietary patterns show the same beneficial effects in humans is, however, less well studied. As indicated by recent studies, dietary approaches might represent a promising, attractive, and easy-to-adapt strategy for the prevention and therapy of circadian and metabolic disturbances in humans of different age.

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van Oosterhout, WPJ, EJW van Someren, GG Schoonman, MA Louter, GJ Lammers, MD Ferrari, and GM Terwindt. "Chronotypes and circadian timing in migraine." Cephalalgia 38, no. 4 (March 20, 2017): 617–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102417698953.

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Background It has been suggested that migraine attacks strike according to circadian patterns and that this might be related to individual chronotype. Here we evaluated and correlated individual chronotypes, stability of the circadian rhythm, and circadian attack timing in a large and well-characterised migraine population. Methods In 2875 migraine patients and 200 non-headache controls we assessed differences in: (i) distribution of chronotypes (Münich Chronotype Questionnaire); (ii) the circadian rhythm’s amplitude and stability (Circadian Type Inventory); and (iii) circadian timing of migraine attacks. Data were analysed using multinomial and linear regression models adjusted for age, gender, sleep quality and depression. Results Migraineurs more often showed an early chronotype compared with controls (48.9% versus 38.6%; adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.42; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.58–3.69; p < 0.001); as well as a late chronotypes (37.7% versus 38.1%; adjusted OR = 1.69; 95% CI = 1.10–2.61; p = 0.016). Migraineurs, particularly those with high attack frequency, were more tired after changes in circadian rhythm (i.e. more languid; p < 0.001) and coped less well with being active at unusual hours (i.e. more rigid; p < 0.001) than controls. Of 2389 migraineurs, 961 (40.2%) reported early morning attack onset. Conclusion Migraine patients are less prone to be of a normal chronotype than controls. They are more languid and more rigid when changes in circadian rhythm occur. Most migraine attacks begin in the early morning. These data suggest that chronobiological mechanisms play a role in migraine pathophysiology.

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Hisler, G., S. Pedersen, D. Clark, S. Rothenberger, and B. Hasler. "0216 Is There a Daily Rhythm in Alcohol Craving and Does It Vary by Circadian Timing?" Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.214.

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Abstract Introduction People with later circadian timing tend to consume more alcohol, potentially due to altered rhythms in when and how much they crave alcohol throughout the day. However, whether circadian factors play a role in alcohol craving has received scant attention. Here, we investigated if the daily rhythm of alcohol craving varied by circadian timing in two independent studies of late adolescent and young adult drinkers. Methods In Study 1, 32 participants (18–22 years of age; 61% female; 69% White) completed momentary reports of alcohol craving five times a day for 14 days. Participants wore wrist actigraphs and completed two in-lab assessments of dim light melatonin onset (DLMO). Average actigraphically-assessed midpoint of sleep on weekends and average DLMO were used as indicators of circadian timing. In Study 2, 231 participants (21–35 years of age; 28% female; 71% White) completed momentary reports of alcohol craving six times a day for 10 days. Average midpoint of self-reported time-in-bed on weekends was used to estimate circadian timing. Results Multilevel cosinor analysis revealed a 24-hour daily rhythm in alcohol craving which was moderated by circadian timing in both studies (p’s<0.05). In both Study 1 and 2, people with later circadian timing had a later timed peak of craving. In Study 1, but not Study 2, later circadian timing predicted a blunted amplitude in craving. Conclusion Findings support a daily rhythm in craving that varies by individual differences in circadian timing. Because craving is an important predictor of future alcohol use, the findings implicate circadian factors as a useful area to advance alcohol research and potentially improve interventions. Support R21AA023209; R01DA044143; K01AA021135; ABMRF/The Foundation for Alcohol Research.

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Hrushesky, W. "Circadian timing of cancer chemotherapy." Science 228, no. 4695 (April 5, 1985): 73–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.3883493.

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Lévi, Francis. "Circadian timing for cancer treatments." Toxicology Letters 189 (September 2009): S115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.06.871.

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Saper, Clifford B. "The central circadian timing system." Current Opinion in Neurobiology 23, no. 5 (October 2013): 747–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2013.04.004.

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Ditty, J. L., S. B. Williams, and S. S. Golden. "A Cyanobacterial Circadian Timing Mechanism." Annual Review of Genetics 37, no. 1 (December 2003): 513–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.genet.37.110801.142716.

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Lévi, Francis, Alper Okyar, Sandrine Dulong, Pasquale F. Innominato, and Jean Clairambault. "Circadian Timing in Cancer Treatments." Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology 50, no. 1 (February 2010): 377–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.48.113006.094626.

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Дисертації з теми "Circadian timing"

Vujovic, Nina. "Functional organization of the circadian timing system." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11271.

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The circadian timing system establishes daily rhythms in behavior and physiology throughout the body, ensuring that functions like activity, sleep and hormone release are appropriately timed. Research suggests that his temporal synchrony within the body is quite important for health and survival. In mammals, the central circadian pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) drives rhythms in behavior and physiology in large part by stimulating or inhibiting other brain regions responsible for these functions at the appropriate times of day. This timed signal is often indirect, i.e. relayed or possibly processed through a series of neurons in different brain regions before reaching the effector site. The subparaventricular zone (SPZ), a region adjacent to the SCN which is the main recipient of direct neuronal inputs from the SCN, is thought to be a critical relay for SCN signals, since loss of the SPZ results in loss of circadian rhythms in body temperature, activity and sleep/wakefulness. Another important relay site, the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) gets direct input from both the SCN and SPZ and is critical for normal expression of various circadian rhythms.

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Sorokina, Oxana. "Understanding biological timing by modelling simple circadian clocks." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14456.

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Ruby, Christina L. "Ethanol Disruption of the Mammalian Circadian Timing System." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1270053064.

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Emerson, Kevin James 1980. "Evolutionary and physiological genetics of biological timing." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10286.

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xii, 109 p. : ill. (some col.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.
There are two fundamental environmental rhythms that organisms in nature encounter: (1) the daily rhythm of light and dark that is due to the rotation of the earth about its axis and (2) the yearly seasonal rhythm due to the angle of the earth's rotation relative to the plane of its orbit around the sun. All eukaryotes have an endogenous circadian (daily) clock that allows for the timing of biological events within the context of the daily light:dark cycle. A wide diversity of plants and animals in temperate regions use photoperiodic (daylength) cues to time life history events, such as reproduction and diapause (insect dormancy) within the context of the yearly seasonal cycles. This dissertation focuses on the relationship between the circadian clock, photoperiodic time measurement and diapause. Chapter I serves as an introduction to biological timing and briefly summarizes the chapters that follow Chapter II outlines why Drosophila melanogaster , the workhorse of modern insect genetics, is not an appropriate system for the study of photoperiodism. Chapter III defines the Nanda-Hamner response, the circadian phenotype used in this dissertation, and proposes that the NH response is due to a rhythmic level of circadian disorganization in response to environmental cycle length. Chapters IV and V deal primarily with the long-held proposition that the circadian clock forms the causal basis of photoperiodic time measurement. I show that variation in the circadian clock does not covary with photoperiodic phenotypes among natural populations of Wyeomyia smithii , and thus these two processes are evolutionarily independent. Chapter VI describes the first forward genetic screen for candidate genes involved in photoperiodism and diapause termination in any animal. Chapter VII is a discussion of the complexity involved in studies of the genetics of photoperiodism and diapause and how historical inertia of scientific hypothesis acts to confound, rather than clarify, the relationship between genotypes and phenotypes. Chapter VIII is a concluding discussion of the implications of the work presented. This dissertation includes both previously published and co-authored material.
Committee in charge: William Cresko, Chairperson, Biology; William Bradshaw, Advisor, Biology; Patrick Phillips, Member, Biology; Eric Johnson, Member, Biology; Stephen Frost, Outside Member, Anthropology

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Jenkins, H. A. "Circadian and ultradian rhythms in Chlamydomonas and Euglena." Thesis, Bucks New University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233011.

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Christou, Skevoulla P. "Meal timing as a synchroniser of the human circadian system." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2017. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/813215/.

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In humans, little is known about the entrainment of peripheral clocks by environmental cues or the circadian transcriptome of peripheral tissues. Meal timing entrains peripheral clocks rhythms of rodents but the effect of this on the human circadian system is unknown. It was hypothesised that meal timing would phase shift peripheral clock rhythms, but not master clock markers. Also hypothesised was that the transcriptome of subcutaneous adipose tissue would be under circadian regulation. Healthy male participants underwent two, separate clinical trials; one gave a food pulse containing 50% of the daily energetic need in one meal during a 4-hour ultradian light/dark cycle; another gave three isocaloric meals at 5-hourly intervals beginning at 0.5 then 5.5 hours after wake under a fixed light/dark cycle. All circadian rhythms were assessed before and after interventions, under constant routine conditions. Master clock marker, melatonin, was not significantly phase shifted by meal timing, as hypothesised. Plasma glucose and leptin rhythms showed large phase shifts in response to meal timing. Plasma triglycerides were minimally phase shifted by food pulse, but not by a change to meal schedule. A 5-hour delay in three isocaloric meals caused approximately a 1-hour delay in clock gene expression in serial adipose biopsies (PER2, PER3) but no shift in expression in whole blood (PER3, REVERB-β). Subcutaneous adipose biopsies taken under controlled conditions revealed that 1% of the transcriptome was circadian, with bimodal distribution of morning and evening peak times. Gene ontology enrichment analysis identified evening peaking probes as primarily involved in lipid metabolism. Morning peaking probes were involved in circadian rhythms and transcriptional regulation. These results demonstrate for the first time that meal timing differentially affects some peripheral, but not central, components of the human circadian system and that key metabolic processes are under circadian variation in the human adipose tissue transcriptome.

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Amicarelli, Mario Joseph. "THE EFFECTS OF ORAL COCAINE ON THE CIRCADIAN TIMING SYSTEM." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1406227527.

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Emerson, Kevin James. "Evolutionary and physiological genetics of biological timing /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank) Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10286.

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Stowie, Adam Curtis. "COCAINE MODULATION OF CIRCADIAN TIMING: A PUTATIVE MECHANSIM FOR DRUG DEPENDENCE." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1427974849.

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Schmitt, Jaclyn L. "Understanding timing| Conservation between the circadian protein period and the C. elegans developmental timing protein lin-42." Thesis, University of California, Santa Cruz, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1551325.

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Timing of development, metabolic regulation, and longevity are crucial elements in optimizing physiological functions to, and within, our environment. The synchronization of our internal clocks to the twenty-four hour day of our environment aids in anticipatory and protective measures on the molecular level. Dysregulation of this internal clock, known as the circadian clock, has been linked to various cancers, diabetes and heart failure. Mental ailments such as alcoholism and bipolarism can be magnified through dysregulation of our circadian rhythms. The output of circadian time keeping is still being explored, including the link to longevity. To further our understanding of clock functions through molecular structure, comparisons between biological time keeping methods are vital. On the molecular level of the circadian clock, one of the core negative feedback loop proteins is PERIOD. The complex timing of PERIOD transcription and protein accumulation directly contributes to setting the circadian clock. Within PERIOD protein, the functions of the homo- and heterodimerizing PERIOD-ARNT-SIM (PAS) domain to facilitate nuclear localization, and possibly many of the PERIOD output functions, are still being understood. Another protein that contains this canonical PAS domain is the nematode C. elegans development timing protein LIN-42. Although C. elegans are not known to have circadian rhythms, LIN-42 shares many motif and functional similarities to PERIOD. The development of C. elegans larva is repressively regulated, or gated, by LIN-42. Additionally, LIN-42 regulates entry into quiescent states during larval devolvement when environmental conditions are stressful. Considering the functions of LIN-42 within development of specialized stem cells, known as seam cells, and the recent discovery of the functions of PERIOD within the development of our own stem cells; a molecular comparison of LIN-42 and PERIOD will facilitate our understanding of the associated output functions of these proteins. Specifically the N-terminal regions of PER and LIN-42 share well-folded structural domains, and are the focus of this thesis. The forms of PERIOD and LIN-42 that share the most sequence and functional homology are PER2 and LIN-42b. Direct comparison of the similarities and differences between these two proteins on the molecular level will shed light on biological time keeping.

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Книги з теми "Circadian timing"

Winfree, Arthur T. The timing of biological clocks. New York: Scientific American Library, 1987.

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Auger, R. Robert, and Stephanie J. Crowley. Circadian Timing. Edited by Amy Wolfson and Hawley Montgomery-Downs. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199873630.013.0021.

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Foster, Russell G., Till Roenneberg, Martha Merrow, and A. Kalsbeek. Neurobiology of Circadian Timing. Elsevier, 2012.

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Neurobiology of Circadian Timing. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2012.

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The Neurobiology of Circadian Timing. Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2011-0-05054-8.

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Winfree, Arthur T. Timing of Biological Clocks. Holt & Company, Henry, 1986.

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Insect Timing: Circadian Rhythmicity to Seasonality. Elsevier, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-50608-5.x5031-4.

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(Editor), D. L. Denlinger, J. Giebultowicz (Editor), and D. S. Saunders (Editor), eds. Insect Timing: Circadian Rhythmicity to Seasonality. Elsevier Science, 2001.

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Denlinger, D. L., J. Giebultowicz, and D. S. Saunders. Insect Timing: Circadian Rhythmicity to Seasonality. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2001.

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Carskadon, Mary A., and Leila Tarokh. Developmental Changes in Circadian Timing and Sleep. Edited by Amy Wolfson and Hawley Montgomery-Downs. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199873630.013.0006.

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Частини книг з теми "Circadian timing"

Rouyer, François. "Circadian Timing." In Neurosciences - From Molecule to Behavior: a university textbook, 609–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10769-6_27.

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Schibler, Ueli, and Daniel J. Lavery. "Circadian Timing in Animals." In Development, 487–505. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59828-9_31.

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Sellix, Michael T. "The Circadian Timing System and Endocrine Physiology." In Circadian Clocks: Role in Health and Disease, 57–102. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3450-8_2.

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Cuesta, Marc, Philippe Boudreau, and Diane B. Boivin. "Basic Circadian Timing and Sleep-Wake Regulation." In Sleep Disorders Medicine, 79–102. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6578-6_6.

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Schmelling, Nicolas M., Nina Scheurer, Christin Köbler, Annegret Wilde, and Ilka M. Axmann. "Diversity of Timing Systems in Cyanobacteria and Beyond." In Circadian Rhythms in Bacteria and Microbiomes, 179–202. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72158-9_10.

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Muheim, Christine, and Steven A. Brown. "Adenosine and Other Purinergic Products in Circadian Timing." In Adenosine, 213–32. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3903-5_11.

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Shiga, Sakiko. "Circadian and Seasonal Timing of Insect Olfactory Systems." In Olfactory Concepts of Insect Control - Alternative to insecticides, 135–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05060-3_7.

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Aguilar-Roblero, Raúl. "Chronostasis: The Timing of Physiological Systems." In Mechanisms of Circadian Systems in Animals and Their Clinical Relevance, 221–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08945-4_12.

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Strumwasser, Felix. "Biological Timing: Circadian Oscillations, Cell Division, and Pulsatile Secretion." In Induced Rhythms in the Brain, 297–308. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1281-0_17.

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Gwinner, Eberhard, and Barbara Helm. "Circannual and Circadian Contributions to the Timing of Avian Migration." In Avian Migration, 81–95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05957-9_5.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Circadian timing"

Lu, BS, KJ Reid, LJ Smith, and PC Zee. "Nocturnal Asthma and the Timing of the Circadian Rhythm of Melatonin." In American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California. American Thoracic Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_meetingabstracts.a6045.

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Marinac, Catherine R., Dorothy D. Sears, Linda C. Gallo, Loki Natarajan, Caitlin Breen, and Ruth E. Patterson. "Abstract A29: Frequency and circadian timing of eating may influence metabolic risk of breast cancer." In Abstracts: AACR Special Conference: Metabolism and Cancer; June 7-10, 2015; Bellevue, WA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1557-3125.metca15-a29.

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Levi, Francis. "The circadian timing system, a coordinator of life processes. implications for the rhythmic delivery of cancer therapeutics." In Conference Proceedings. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2006.260934.

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Schnell, Christian R., Thomas Ferrat, Daniel Wyss, Walter Tinetto, Sonja Tobler, Christine Fritsch, and Michael Jensen. "Abstract 3933: Circadian timing regimen for alpelisib (NVP-BYL719), a selective inhibitor of the class Ia PI3K isoform alpha to maximize therapeutic index." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2018; April 14-18, 2018; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-3933.

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Andaque, Gentil A., Olívia Pinho, J. Santos Baptista, Jacqueline Castelo Branco, and Elizabete Nunes. "The occurrence of accidents and injury in mining shift worker influenced by food intake, a short review." In 4th Symposium on Occupational Safety and Health. FEUP, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/978-972-752-279-8_0065-0072.

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Introduction: Identifying factors that contribute to occupational accidents has been a general concern of companies in the present millennium. One of the factors identified is the quality and quantity of food, as well as meals times. In this context, the present systematic review aimed to identify how food intake influences the occurrence of accidents in shift work, with some focus, although not exclusive, on the mining industry. Methodology: The research-based literature was carried out in four electronic databases: Medline/PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science. Have been combined the following words “occupational accident” and “food intake”; “mining injury” and “food choice”; “meal timing” and “workplace”; “eating at night” and “mining injury”;“Circadian rhythm” and “diet shift”; “Food safety” and “ Health risk”; “workplace accidents” and “food choice”. Results: It was possible to identify 24 articles related to food intake. To better understand the analysis, the results were organized into five groups: Author surname and year, Study type, Accidents/injury causes, risk factor, Conditions for accidents/injuries to occur. Through the groups of causes, it was possible to regrouped on three, which facilitated the discussion of the topic; food choice n=10 (42%) articles, eating habits n=9 (37.5%), and emotional commitment n=5 (20.5%), showed the relativity of food intake causes for the occurrence of accidents and illnesses in shift workers. Discussion: The reviewed articles demonstrated that the materialisation of accidents was due to the relationship between food intake and consumption of nutrient-poor foods in shift work. That can develop chronic diseases, metabolic disorders such as blood pressure abnormalities, blood sugar fluctuation (dyslipidemia, dysglycemia), and obesity, neurobehavioural performance. Foods contain high content As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Fe, and Mn above the recommended standards by the FAO/WHO. Sleep disturbance during the 12-hour shift interferes with circadian rhythm and, consequently,with performance. These factors can be related to food and the precarious physical environment, increased workload, fatigue and poor diet, especially at night. Conclusion: In conclusion, the study demonstrated how food intake impacted workers' health on shifts but did not determine the causes or risk factors contributing to accidents/injuries. Further studies are needed to demonstrate a direct relationship which the risk factor of food intake and causes accidents/injuries.

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Holmes, Alexandra, Cristina Ruscitto, and Sarah Booth. "Ensuring That Fatigue is Managed in Oil and Gas Operations." In SPE Offshore Europe Conference & Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205458-ms.

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Abstract As in any shiftworking industry, fatigue poses a hazard to workers within the oil and gas industry, irrespective of job role and site location. In order to demonstrate adherence to health and safety regulations, operators can be expected to manage shift patterns and hours of work, such that they are appropriate and do not result in unnecessary levels of fatigue that may reduce the safety of the operation. Reliance on hours of work limitations (for example the European Working Time Directive) or industry normalised working patterns may no longer be considered sufficient to ensure that the risk posed by fatigue is appropriately managed. This paper presents how a scientific approach can be applied and adapted to suit the context and the populations being studied in order to answer specific operational questions and provide tailored fatigue risk mitigations. It describes a method by which site and job role fatigue levels can be assessed, in order for appropriate controls to be implemented. It will use case studies to illustrate how data collection methods are tailored to reflect specific operational environments. Data collection is particularly important in parts of the industry where common shift arrangements differ from those which have historically been studied. The method outlines an approach to rigorously assess contributors to fatigue and fatigue levels in an organisation following appropriate scientific methods. Both subjective and objective data are collected, using methods such as fatigue and sleepiness scales, sleep diaries and collection of objective sleep data using validated sleep tracking devices. The approach is specifically tailored to the population of interest – reflecting their shift pattern, and collecting further data on workload, task demand, and operational or location-specific factors (for example travel to site, onsite sleeping facilities, or sea sickness on floating platforms). The method also allows for inferences to be made about the impact of circadian misalignment and shift timing on sleep, performance and mood. The method presented in this paper has been used in field data collection in two very different environments. These studies are used as case studies to examine how the methodology can be tailored to ensure that the collected data are appropriate to the operation being studied, and lessons learned to improve the methods in the future.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Circadian timing"

Bunn, Sarah, and Lev Tankelevitch. Shift Work, Sleep and Health. Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.58248/pn586.

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A POSTnote that describes how working outside of daytime hours – shift work – affects physical and mental health and performance through its impact on sleep and circadian timing. It highlights the latest research, explains the implications for policy and how research can inform the design of interventions to improve shift workers' sleep and overall health.

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Shahak, Yosepha, and Donald R. Ort. Physiological Bases for Impaired Photosynthetic Performance of Chilling-Sensitive Fruit Trees. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7575278.bard.

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Chilling-sensitivity is an important agricultural problem in both the U.S. and Israel. Most research attention has focused so far on herbaceous crop plants, even though the problem is also acute in the fruit tree industry. Under BARD funding we made substantial progress in identifying the mechanisms involved in the disruption of photosynthesis following a chill in mango. Our investigation with fruit trees has been substantially accelerated by drawing on our knowledge and experience with herbaceous crops. The four original research objectives, focused or discovering the underlying mechanisms of chill-induced inhibition of photosynthesis in fruit trees, and the main achievements are listed below. [1] Separating stomatal from non-stomatal components of chilling on photosynthesis in fruit trees. We found evidence that the dark chill-induced inhibition of photosynthesis in mango was E combination of both stomatal and mesophyll components. [2] Differentiating photo damage from light-induced photo protection of photosystem II (PSII). Dark chilling exacerbate high light photoinhibition, as a result of primary inhibition in the carbor reduction cycle. Nevertheless, in Israeli orchards we observed chronic photoinhibition of PSII photochemistry in the winter. This photo damage was reversible over a few days if sunlight was attenuated with filters or night temperature rose. Practical implications of this finding deserve further investment. Additional achievement was the development of a new biophysical tool to study macro-structural changes of LHCII particles in intact, attached leaves. [3] Determine the role of oxidative stress in the dark-chilling-induced inhibition, with emphasis on oxygen radical scavenging, lipid peroxidation and redox-controlled carbon-cycle enzymes. We found an increase in lipid peroxidation following a dark chill, and partial protective effects or an antioxidant. However, the photoinhibition observed in mango orchards in Israel during the winter did not appear to be a general oxidative stress. [4] Investigate whether chilling interferes with the diurnal and circadian rhythm of gene expression of key photosynthetic proteins as has been shown for chilling-sensitive crop plants. The results indicated that most of the circadian rhythm in photosynthesis was due to reduced lea: internal CO2 concentrations during the subjective night, as a result of rhythmic stomatal closure Chilling-induced interference with circadian timing in mango, does not play the central role in chilling inhibition of photosynthesis that has previously been demonstrated in certain chilling sensitive herbaceous plants. Practical implications of the research achievements are feasible, but require few more years of research.

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Samach, Alon, Douglas Cook, and Jaime Kigel. Molecular mechanisms of plant reproductive adaptation to aridity gradients. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7696513.bard.

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Annual plants have developed a range of different mechanisms to avoid flowering (exposure of reproductive organs to the environment) under adverse environmental conditions. Seasonal environmental events such as gradual changes in day length and temperature affect the timing of transition to flowering in many annual and perennial plants. Research in Arabidopsis and additional species suggest that some environmental signals converge on transcriptional regulation of common floral integrators such as FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). Here we studied environmental induction of flowering in the model legume Medicago truncatula. Similarly to Arabidopsis, the transition to flowering in M. truncatula is hastened by long photoperiods and long periods of vernalization (4°C for 2-3 weeks). Ecotypes collected in Israel retain a vernalization response even though winter temperatures are way above 4°C. Here we show that this species is also highly responsive (flowers earlier) to mild ambient temperatures up to 19°C simulating winter conditions in its natural habitat. Physiological experiments allowed us to time the transition to flowering due to low temperatures, and to compare it to vernalization. We have made use of natural variation, and induced mutants to identify key genes involved in this process, and we provide here data suggesting that an FT gene in M.truncatula is transcriptionally regulated by different environmental cues. Flowering time was found to be correlated with MtFTA and MtFTB expression levels. Mutation in the MtFTA gene showed a late flowering phenotype, while over-expressing MtFTA in Arabidopsis complemented the ft- phenotype. We found that combination of 4°C and 12°C resulted in a synergistic increase in MtFTB expression, while combining 4°C and long photoperiods caused a synergistic increase in MtFTA expression. These results suggest that the two vernalization temperatures work through distinct mechanisms. The early flowering kalil mutant expressed higher levels of MtFTA and not MtFTB suggesting that the KALIL protein represses MtFTA specifically. The desert ecotype Sde Boker flowers earlier in response to short treatments of 8-12oc vernalization and expresses higher levels of MtFTA. This suggests a possible mechanism this desert ecotype developed to flower as fast as possible and finish its growth cycle before the dry period. MtFTA and FT expression are induced by common environmental cues in each species, and expression is repressed under short days. Replacing FT with the MtFTA gene (including regulatory elements) caused high MtFTA expression and early flowering under short days suggesting that the mechanism used to repress flowering under short days has diversified between the two species.The circadian regulated gene, GIGANTEA (GI) encodes a unique protein in Arabidopsis that is involved in flowering mechanism. In this research we characterized how the expression of the M.truncatula GI ortholog is regulated by light and temperature in comparison to its regulation in Arabidopsis. In Arabidopsis GI was found to be involved in temperature compensation to the clock. In addition, GI was found to be involved in mediating the effect of temperature on flowering time. We tested the influence of cold temperature on the MtGI gene in M.truncatula and found correlation between MtGI levels and extended periods of 12°C treatment. MtGI elevation that was found mostly after plants were removed from the cold influence preceded the induction of MtFT expression. This data suggests that MtGI might be involved in 12°C cold perception with respect to flowering in M.truncatula. GI seems to integrate diverse environmental inputs and translates them to the proper physiological and developmental outputs, acting through several different pathways. These research enabled to correlate between temperature and circadian clock in M.truncatula and achieved a better understanding of the flowering mechanism of this species.

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